SK10302002A3 - Fastening device for rails - Google Patents

Abstract

The clamp (10) is made of spring steel and has a middle part (14) with two inner bars (12) and a loop (16), which is closed by the inner bar and curves to form a free end of the clamp. The free space between the middle part and the loop in the area of the free end of the loop is less than the diameter of the spring steel in the area of the free end. A thickened or compressed part may be formed at the free end.

Description

Fastening device for rails

Technical field

The invention relates to an elastic spring steel clamp which comprises a central part with two inner arms and loops that are fed to the inner arms and extend to the free ends of the clamp.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Methods of fastening rails with elastic clamps have long been known and have proven themselves in a wide range of applications.

In the past, rail fasteners with elastic elastic elements have been used on railway sleepers, in particular of prestressed concrete, which are shaped to the shape of the letter W in plan view.

DE 32 43 895 describes a clamping clamp which can be pre-assembled to the sleeper already at the sleeper production plant and must be from its pre-assembly position to the final pre-tensioning of the rail in the rail. mounting position rotated 180 °. The clamp includes an arcuate central part with two arms that feed on the central part. The arcuate central part, as well as the arms connected thereto, surround the shank of the fastening screw in their mounting position. The elastic fastening of the rail is realized by folds which are fed to the inner arms and extend to the free ends that press against the rail foot. In addition to the elastic clamp, the fastening device includes a guide plate that abuts on each side of the rail foot for the sleeper, and whose surface contour is adapted to the elastic clamping clamp to apply the forces exiting the rail to the sleeper. According to DE 32 43 895 C2, the pleats of the clamp have a certain geometry so that the free ends of the pleats are arranged away from the arcuate central part of the clamp so that structurally identical clamping clamps can be hooked together into long chains.

Due to the increased demands for rail fastening, but also the increasing automation of rail construction within pre-assembly, rail fastening has been developed which no longer needs to be rotated from its pre-assembly position to the mounting position, but can be moved perpendicular to the rail. DE 33 34 119 C2 discloses a clamp of this kind. Also, this clamping clamp cooperates preferably with a ribbed plate specially adapted to the clamping clamp in order to impose the emerging forces into the sleeper.

This clamp has advantages in the convenience of rail fastening, but does not allow automatic pre-assembly, since a plurality of structurally identical clamps are joined together into long strings in the cartridges, and these must first be manually separated from each other. The chaining of the clamping clips is to be understood in the following to mean that several clamping clips are hooked together.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide a rail fastening which is simple and automatically pre-mountable to railway sleepers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This object is solved by an elastic spring steel clamp comprising a central part with two inner arms and loops which are fed to the inner arms and extend to the free ends of the clamp according to the invention, which is based on the distance between the middle part and the loop is less than the diameter of the spring steel in the free end region.

The fact that the free distance between the arcuate center piece and the loop in the free end region is less than the diameter of the spring steel from which the clamp is made prevents the clamping of the clamp. Therefore, the individual clamping clips can be automatically removed from the magazine during pre-assembly. Even in the case of manual pre-assembly, the elastic clamping clip according to the invention is advantageous, since the assembly personnel also have to remove only the individual clamping clips from the magazine and do not have to release any possible clamping strings from each other.

According to an alternative preferred embodiment, reinforcement or crimping is provided at the free ends of the clamp. Such reinforcements and indentations can also reduce the distance between the two free ends and the arcuate center piece to such an extent that the chaining of the clamping clips can be safely prevented.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the free ends of the clamp are adjacent. The interconnection of the free ends of the clamping clamps cannot be completely prevented by interconnecting, since at a corresponding distance between the free ends and the arcuate central part, two mutually identical clamping clamps can always be engaged. However, this geometry has the advantage that the clamping clamps in the magazine can be prevented from being crossed and clamped together, even if the basic geometry is already eliminated by concatenation.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner arms extend substantially parallel to each other. This shape allows the elastic clamps to be moved from their pre-assembly position to the assembly position horizontally perpendicular to the rail. The elastic clamps of the invention can also be used as a substitute for clamps that must be rotated 180 ° from their pre-assembly position to the assembly position in order to finally preload the rail in the rail. In addition, automatic pre-assembly is facilitated by parallel guiding the inner arms without narrowing the middle loop.

Preferably, the loops comprise a back support arch energized to the respective inner arm and an outer arm which is energized to the back support arch, wherein the back support arch is formed such that the distance D between the inner arm and the parallel tangent to it is on the outer arm D > 50 mm, preferably D> about 60 mm.

Due to the problem of concatenating multiple clamping clamps, it has hitherto been abandoned to produce loops of long length and thus a large enclosed space, since this encouraged the unwanted concatenation of multiple clamps with a single clamp clamp loop. If a plurality of clamps have been concatenated in a loop of one clamp, it is then difficult for trained personnel to release these clamps again, because the loosening of the other clamp clamps in the loop restricts the freedom of movement necessary to release these clamps. On the other hand, it seeks to make as far a distance between the inner arm and the parallel tangent to it as possible with respect to the outer arm, so as to vertically move both ends of the clamp on the rail foot to retain the torsion fraction from this area. due to the greater length of this section, easier to grip by the clamp. Thus, by preventing the clamping clips according to the invention from hooking into one another, the geometry can be better adapted to the ever-increasing requirements for rail fastening.

Particularly when replacing existing clamping clips, which must be rotated 180 ° from their pre-assembly position to the mounting position in order to finally preload the rail, the clamping clip according to the invention can be used without having to replace the screws.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further advantages and features of the elastic clamp according to the invention are apparent from the following detailed description of the various embodiments, according to the accompanying drawings, which show in FIG. 1a shows a three-dimensional view of a clamp according to the invention; 1b and FIG. 1c is a side view and plan view thereof; FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the clamp according to the invention in plan view, FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the clamp according to the invention in plan view, FIG. 4a and FIG. 4b are plan views and side views of a further embodiment of the clamp according to the invention, FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b is a plan view and a side view of another example of a clamp according to the invention; FIG. 6a and FIG. 6b shows a three-dimensional representation of two structurally identical clamps according to the invention which cannot be interconnected; FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6a and FIG. 6b, showing two clamping clips according to the embodiment of FIG. 4a and FIG. 4b, and FIG. 8a and FIG. 8b are examples of concatenation of clamping clips.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In FIG. 8a and FIG. 8b shows the usual clamping terminals 10.1 and 10.2. The additional digits after the dot of the reference numeral distinguish the two co-operating, structurally identical clamps. The clamping clips consist of an arcuate center piece 14, two inner arms 12 feeding to the arcuate center piece 14, and loops 16 that are fed to the inner arms 12 and extend to the free ends U '.

Due to the geometric conditions of the clamping clamp sections described above, it is possible for the clamping clamps 10.1 and 10.2 to hook together. This is due to the fact that one of the free ends 18.1 of the first clamp clamp and the respective center piece 14.1 can pass through the free end 18.2 of the second clamp clip and the corresponding center piece 14.2. If the distance between the free end 18 and the center piece 14 is greater than the diameter d, then the two clamping clips may become hooked at any point as shown in FIG. 8b, that the clamp 10.2 in the region of its loop 16.2 passes between the free end 18 and the central part 14 of the clamp 10.1.

It can be shown by computer simulation that the possibility of interlocking two structurally identical clamps depends not only on the distance between the free end 18 and the center piece 14, but the narrow profile may also be some distance from the free end, and moreover a complex and often non-linear movement of movement with possible hooking of structurally identical clamps.

However, the chaining occurs only if the statistical probability of possible hooking is so great that strings of the hooked clamp can be formed together. The individually formed wedging or hooking of the two clamps is harmless, since this does not lead to the formation of long chains.

In FIG. 1a; FIG. 1b and FIG. 1c, a first embodiment of a clamp according to the invention is shown. The clamp 10 comprises two loops 16 which are fed to a central part which is essentially formed of two inner arms 12 which, as shown in FIG. 1b, run parallel to each other. Between the inner arms 12 a low-pitch propeller (not shown here) is guided in the assembly state, which, in the assembly state, adjoins the flattening 20 in the region of the upper side of the inner arms 12 or fits over the washer. During assembly, the sleeper propeller is screwed in a known manner into a plastic clip located in the sleeper by means of a torque wrench acting on the head of the sleeper propeller until the desired clamping force is created.

Due to the shaping of the parallel arms arranged parallel to one another, both a preassembly horizontally perpendicular to the rail and a 180 [deg.] Rotation from the preassembly position to the mounting position can be realized between the pre-assembly position and the mounting position. In addition, the clamping clamp with the inner arms extending parallel to one another can also be replaced by the clamping clamp shown in FIG. 1a to FIG. 1c by loosening the sleeper propeller only and replacing the clamping clips by rotating and sliding movement.

In said embodiment, the inner arms are connected to each other by an arcuate center piece 14. On the side of the inner arms relative to the arcuate center piece, loops 16, which themselves consist of rear back arches 22, outer arms 24, and fitting free ends 26, are supplied. .

The free ends 26 of the exemplary embodiment are arranged relative to the arcuate center piece 14 such that the free distance between the center piece 14 and the loop 16 in the region of the respective free ends 26 is smaller than the diameter of the spring steel in the region of the free ends 26. multiple clamps.

As shown in FIG. 1a to FIG. 1c, and in particular from FIG. 1c, the backrest arch is formed to have a large length D that corresponds to the distance between the axis of the inner arm and the parallel tangent across the center of the outer arm. This distance D should be at least 50 mm so that the clamping clamp shown can provide a high torsion path, whereby the spring stiffness can be reduced. However, for this purpose, the loop geometry is also decisive. The outer arms of the loops should describe the arc whose S-axis, cf. Fig. 1b, is substantially parallel to the course of the inner arms.

This geometry is particularly advantageous when using a clamp on problematic sections of the track. Thus, for example, in the climb area, high-frequency oscillations may occur due to the rolling-over of the rolling stock wheels, which cause the rails to move in the longitudinal direction despite the properly clamped clamps. The existence of a larger torsion section increases the long-term bond strength of the rails, since not only the torsion of the loop is increased but also the relative bending radius in the rail direction is increased.

Fig. 2 to FIG. 5b illustrate the possibilities of providing a small free space between the arched center piece and the loop in the free end region. In FIG. 2, it is shown that the length of the center piece and thus the length of the inner arms 12 can be increased to provide a smaller distance between the arched center piece and the free ends 26 of the loops 16.

The alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is similar to the alternative of FIG. 2, but extends the free ends 26 so far that there is only a smaller distance d between the free ends 26.2 However, the proximity of the free ends 26 alone cannot prevent the chaining; accordingly, the correspondingly small free clearance between the respective individual free ends 26 and the arcuate central part 14 must also be observed in the same way in the same way.

One alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 4a and FIG. 4b, wherein FIG. 4a is a plan view of this embodiment of the clamp and FIG. 4b an adequate side view. As can be seen from the basic geometry of the clamp shown in FIG. 4a, this is very similar with respect to the length of the center piece and the curvature of the loops 16 to the clamp shown in FIG. 1a to FIG. c. The essential difference is that at the free ends 26 there are reinforcements 28 that reduce the free distance between the arcuate center piece and the free ends reinforcements to such an extent that concatenation can be effectively prevented. The reinforcements 28 may be designed as end presses, and require increased manufacturing and technical costs. The advantage of the reinforcements, however, is that a greater free space between the arched central part and the thickened end of the free end 26 is possible. This can be advantageous from a production-technical point of view if the spring steel of the clamp strongly suspends Geometric constraints, the free ends cannot be brought closer to the arcuate center piece as far as possible to prevent concatenation.

Fig. 5a and FIG. 5b show an alternative embodiment, the inner arms of which are not joined together by an arcuate central part. Instead, there are no free ends 26, since the clamp is formed through this region. However, despite a properly differentiated arrangement of the ends relative to the running regions, the same basic geometry is developed, according to which the free distance between the free ends arranged in the present case on the inner arms 12 and the through loop 30 must also be chosen so small .

In order to emphasize that, with the proposed clamping clips, it is not possible to insert the clamping clamp loop into the clamping clamp of the structurally identical clamping clamp, the embodiment according to FIG. 4a and FIG. 4b shown in an adequate position in FIG. 7. FIG. 7 it is clear that due to the amplification 28.1 at the clamp terminal 10.1 and the amplification 28.2 at the clamp terminal 10.2, it is no longer possible to hook the loops 16.1 or the loops 16.2. In the same way, FIG. 6a and FIG. 6b that also with the variant of FIG. 1a to FIG. 1c, it is no longer possible to hook both clamps.

By counteracting the clamping of the clamping clips, the loops can be sized adequately, since there is no longer any danger of the multiple clamping clips being dotted. The bending radii in the direction of the rails can be increased and the torsion ratio can be increased so that the clamping clips have improved spring characteristics. In addition, by extending the free ends in order to reduce the free space, higher surface pressures can be achieved at the rail foot. As a result, at least the same technical properties, in particular in terms of vertical and horizontal direction as well as in the longitudinal and transverse directions with respect to the rail, are achieved in comparison with the known W-shaped clamping clips. In addition, easy and automatic pre-assembly of railway sleepers will be possible. The parallel arms running parallel to each other guarantee interchangeability with clamps of the same type, even with known, similarly shaped models, with the least possible cost.

Claims (6)

PATENT CLAIMS An elastic spring steel clamp, comprising a central piece (14; 12) with two inner arms (12), and loops (16) that feed on the inner arms (12) and extend to the free ends (18) of the clamp clamp. (10), characterized in that the distance between the central part (14, 12) and the loop (16) in the region of the free ends (18) is smaller than the diameter of the spring steel in the region of the free ends (18). Elastic clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that reinforcements (28) or crimping are provided at the free ends (18) of the clamp (10). Elastic clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the free ends (18) of the clamp clamp abut one another. Elastic clamp according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner arms (12) extend substantially parallel to each other. Elastic clamp according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two inner arms (12) are connected together by an arcuate center piece (14) and the loops (16) are fed to the side of the respective inner arm (12) opposite the arcuate. the central part (14). Elastic clamp according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the loops (16) comprise a rear support arch (22), feeding to the respective inner arm (12), and an outer arm (24), which is energized to the rear. an abutment arch (22), the rear abutment arch (22) being shaped such that the distance (D) between the inner arm (12) and its parallel tangent is D> 50 mm and preferably D> about 60 mm on the outer arm (24) .