EP1107378A1 - Pièce de contact pour un connecteur électrique - Google Patents
Pièce de contact pour un connecteur électrique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1107378A1 EP1107378A1 EP99811102A EP99811102A EP1107378A1 EP 1107378 A1 EP1107378 A1 EP 1107378A1 EP 99811102 A EP99811102 A EP 99811102A EP 99811102 A EP99811102 A EP 99811102A EP 1107378 A1 EP1107378 A1 EP 1107378A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- contact piece
- diameter
- tabs
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/15—Pins, blades or sockets having separate spring member for producing or increasing contact pressure
- H01R13/187—Pins, blades or sockets having separate spring member for producing or increasing contact pressure with spring member in the socket
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/10—Sockets for co-operation with pins or blades
- H01R13/11—Resilient sockets
- H01R13/111—Resilient sockets co-operating with pins having a circular transverse section
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a contact part of the type female usable in a connector, for example a connector meeting the MIL standard or any other specification, or for any other application, such as in an integrated circuit socket, or intended to be placed on a printed circuit board.
- the invention relates more particularly to the portion of this contact piece intended to receive a corresponding element of the male type.
- An object of the present invention is therefore to propose a part contact comprising in particular a female portion intended to receive a corresponding male portion, of relatively improved construction to known contact parts, so as to avoid the disadvantages mentioned from these contact parts.
- This male element consists of a rod, generally finished by a hemispherical tip or in a truncated cone, and having a diameter determined.
- This male element can be the male portion of a piece of corresponding contact or an integrated circuit lug or a connecting part of an electronic component, etc.
- the other portion of the contact part 1, not described or shown here can be of any type what type known for this kind of contact piece, and can understand by example a portion in which a wire can be crimped, screwed or welded, or a fixing portion on a connector or a printed circuit board or a second portion of the female type to constitute a piece of transition contact, etc.
- the portion of the part of contact that interests us here consists of an axial drilling of a end of the contact piece followed by making radial slots on a portion of the length of the tubular portion produced by this drilling, so as to form elastic tabs. These tabs are then clamped together to form a spring clip.
- This construction has many drawbacks, i.e. a risk of permanent deformation of one or more tabs in the case of introducing a male element through or of introducing a male element of too large diameter.
- the contact part is made of a single piece, it is expensive since the material required must have both electrical and mechanical components necessary for its operation.
- a first improvement made to the contact part above consists of covering the portion in question with a socket, as we seen in Figures 1A, 1B and 1C.
- Figures 1A, 1B and 1C show the contact part 1, essentially consisting of a metal rod, one end of which, visible in the figure is intended to receive a male element, not visible in the figures.
- the other end of the contact piece, not visible on the figures, is conventionally machined to perform a function any known from such a contact piece portion.
- the portion of contact piece 1 that interests us here has been pierced axially, so as to make a housing 10 in which will come to lodge the male element. Slots 11, three in shape shown here, have been machined to separate three tabs 12.
- this construction represents the first construction described above.
- this portion of the contact part of a socket 2 of tubular shape fixed by crimping or any other means on a portion of the contact piece 1 behind the tabs 12.
- This socket 2 abuts against the exterior surfaces of the tabs 12, preventing a too large spacing of the latter.
- the end of the socket 2 facing the opening of the housing 10 comprises an end wall 20 provided with a through hole 21 coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the contact piece 1, respectively of the housing 10.
- the diameter of this hole 21 is determined so as not to let pass that a male element having a diameter smaller than that of a male element which presses the tabs 12 against the socket 2.
- the hole 21, coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the housing 10 made in in addition to the means of guiding the male element during its introduction.
- Figure 2 shows a construction intended to eliminate these last faults.
- a contact clip 3 is chased inside the housing 10.
- the contact clip 3 is formed from a metal tape, of width corresponding to the length of the clip, which is stamped so as to form a side strip provided with several tongues of essentially trapezoidal shape, projecting from one of the sides of the side strip, the large bases of each tab being adjoining the side strip while the small bases are free.
- the strip is cut into portions, each having several tabs trapezoidal the length of the portion corresponding to the perimeter interior of the housing 10.
- the strip portion is then rolled, the tabs then being tightened by their ends in order to deform them and to reduce the diameter entered between the free ends of the tongues.
- the clip 3 thus formed is driven into the housing 10, the free ends of the tabs 30 being directed towards the bottom of the housing 10; portion 31 of clip 3, formed by the side strip described above is held towards the open end of the housing 10 by any known means, hunting, crimping or other.
- clip 3 should be constructed in one alloy with excellent conduction qualities as well as excellent mechanical qualities of spring effect. It follows that the rest of the piece of contact 1 can be machined from a cheaper metal or alloy, for example example of brass. Clip 3 will preferably be made from a bronze / beryllium alloy or other.
- the tongues 30 When introducing a male element, the tongues 30 move apart to enclose said male element.
- the spreading movement tongues 30 is also limited here by the internal wall of the housing 10, with the same drawbacks as mentioned above.
- the end open housing 10 includes a first cylindrical seat inner 100, whose inner diameter is greater than that of the housing 10, followed by a second inner cylindrical bearing surface 101, the internal diameter is between that of the range 100 and that of the bottom housing 10.
- a contact clip 4 is driven out through the open end of the housing 10, so that its cylindrical portion 40 comes position on the inner cylindrical surface 101.
- the clip 4 is preferably obtained in a manner quite similar to that which was previously described for clip 3. An operation complementary arching towards the outside of the ends of the tongues is performed when the clips are still assembled in a strip keep on going.
- the trapezoidal lamellae described it is possible to also have rectangular slats and separation slits trapezoidal.
- Clip 4 is fixed, by hunting, crimping or any other means known on this interior range 101. Contrary to what has been described above regarding clip 3, the contact tabs 41 of clip 4 have their free ends 410 facing the opening of the housing 10. From plus these free ends 410, for each of the tongues 41, are formed so as to present an arcuate end portion 411, the end free directed outward away from the longitudinal axis of the housing 10. This device is completed with an outer bushing 5 driven out and fixed on an outer cylindrical surface 102 of the contact piece 1.
- the end of the socket 5 facing the opening of the housing 10, includes a wall end 50 provided with a through hole 51 coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the contact part 1, respectively of the housing 10.
- This hole 51 is determined so as to allow only one male element of diameter acceptable by the contact clip 4.
- a male element was introduced in the clip 4, its diameter being smaller than the diameter of the hole 51, the spacing movement of the tabs 41 of clip 4 is never limited by the internal diameter of the reach 100, since it is greater than that of reach 101, nor by the diameter inside of the socket 5, since the latter is dimensioned so as to allow a maximum spacing of the tongues 41.
- the piece contact female connector includes a contact clip 4 whose tongues 41 undergo only elastic deformation, over all their length and over their entire deformation range, the limitation in diameter of the male element being provided by the calibrated hole 51 of the sleeve 5.
- This elastic mode of operation ensures electrical conductivity of the maximum contact, even in the event of vibrations.
- the angle ⁇ made by each of the tongues relative to the axis longitudinal is also of low value; this angle is typically understood between 4 ° and 10 °, preferably being between 6 ° and 8 °. Given the portion 411 arched at the ends of the tongues 41, there can be no bracing of the male element during its introduction or its removal between the tabs 41.
- arched portion Another benefit of this arched portion is better transmission of mechanical forces between the male element and the clip, especially in the presence of vibrations. Indeed, it was observed a damage to the contact surface of the male element in the event of vibrations when the ends of the contact tabs have a edge rather than rounding as described for this embodiment.
- Another advantage of this device is that the distance introduction of the male element before contact is established is very weak since the male element first meets the portion of weak diameter of the clip 4 formed by the tongues 41 brought together.
- Another advantage of this device is that the hole 51, aligned with the free ends 410 of the tongues 41 forms a guide in two points of the male element being introduced, preventing a skewed introduction.
- the contact part 1, with the exception of the clip 4, will be manufactured in a low-cost metal or alloy, for example brass or more particularly brass capable of supporting the crimping of a conductor in the portion of the contact piece 1 opposite to that described in detail upper.
- the clip 4 will preferably be made of an alloy of bronze and berylium.
Landscapes
- Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
- Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
- Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
- Pièce de contact (1) comprenant au moins une portion portant un embout de type femelle, destiné à recevoir un élément correspondant de type mâle dans un logement (10) disposé axialement dans ladite portion, ledit logement comportant un clip de contact (4) destiné à assurer le contact électrique entre ledit élément mâle et la pièce de contact,
caractérisée en ce que
ledit clip de contact est muni d'une pluralité de languettes de contact élastiques (41) rattachées à une couronne annulaire (40) fixée à l'intérieur dudit logement, chaque languette (41) comportant une extrémité libre (410), dirigée vers l'ouverture dudit logement. - Pièce de contact selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que chacune desdites languettes (41) est inclinée d'un angle α relativement à l'axe longitudinal dudit logement.
- Pièce de contact selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que l'angle α est compris entre 4° et 10°.
- Pièce de contact selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que l'angle α est compris entre 6° et 8°.
- Pièce de contact selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que chaque languette comporte une portion arquée (411) proche de son extrémité libre (410), la bordure de ladite extrémité libre s'écartant de l'axe longitudinal dudit logement.
- Pièce de contact selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte en outre une douille (5) de forme essentiellement tubulaire, entourant la portion de la pièce de contact munie dudit clip de contact, ladite douille étant munie d'une paroi frontale (50) comportant un trou de passage (51) coaxial à l'axe longitudinal du logement.
- Pièce de contact selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que la douille comprend une portion arrière cylindrique fixée sur une portée cylindrique (102) correspondante de ladite pièce de contact.
- Pièce de contact selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisée en ce que le trou de passage (51) possède un diamètre permettant l'introduction d'un élément mâle ayant un diamètre égal ou inférieur à un diamètre déterminé et empêchant l'introduction d'un élément mâle de diamètre supérieur audit diamètre déterminé dans ladite portion de pièce de contact de type femelle.
- Pièce de contact selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que le diamètre dudit logement (10) dans sa portion (100) entourant lesdites languettes (41) est supérieur au diamètre circonscrit par lesdites languettes en position écartée lorsqu'un élément mâle ayant ledit diamètre déterminé a été introduit dans ladite pièce de contact.
- Pièce de contact selon l'une des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisée en ce que lorsqu'un élément mâle ayant ledit diamètre déterminé ou un diamètre inférieur est introduit entre les languettes (41) du clip de contact, aucune portion de la pièce de contact (1) ou de la douille (5) ne limite le mouvement d'écartement desdites languettes.
- Pièce de contact selon l'une des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisée en ce que lorsqu'un élément mâle ayant ledit diamètre déterminé ou un diamètre inférieur est introduit entre les languettes (41) du clip de contact, le mouvement d'écartement desdites languettes est un mouvement élastique.
- Pièce de contact selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que le trou de passage (51) et les portions arquées (411) des languettes élastiques (41) forment un guidage de l'élément mâle lors de son introduction.
- Pièce de contact selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ladite pièce de contact (1) et le clip (4) sont confectionnés dans des matériaux différents.
- Pièce de contact selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que la pièce de contact (1) est en laiton.
- Pièce de contact selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que la pièce de contact (1) est en un alliage de laiton apte à supporter un sertissage.
- Pièce de contact selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que le clip (4) est en alliage de bronze et de béryllium.
- Pièce de contact selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle répond à la norme MIL-C 39029
- Connecteur muni d'au moins une pièce de contact selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
- Socle de composant muni d'au moins une pièce de contact selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17.
- Plaque de circuit imprimé muni d'au moins une pièce de contact selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT99811102T ATE243375T1 (de) | 1999-11-30 | 1999-11-30 | Kontaktorgan für einen elektrischen steckverbinder |
DE69908953T DE69908953T2 (de) | 1999-11-30 | 1999-11-30 | Kontaktorgan für einen elektrischen Steckverbinder |
EP99811102A EP1107378B1 (fr) | 1999-11-30 | 1999-11-30 | Pièce de contact pour un connecteur électrique |
US09/499,638 US6264508B1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2000-02-08 | Female type contact piece enabling electrical contact with a male element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99811102A EP1107378B1 (fr) | 1999-11-30 | 1999-11-30 | Pièce de contact pour un connecteur électrique |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1107378A1 true EP1107378A1 (fr) | 2001-06-13 |
EP1107378B1 EP1107378B1 (fr) | 2003-06-18 |
Family
ID=8243167
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99811102A Expired - Lifetime EP1107378B1 (fr) | 1999-11-30 | 1999-11-30 | Pièce de contact pour un connecteur électrique |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6264508B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1107378B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE243375T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69908953T2 (fr) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1469560A1 (fr) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-20 | COULON, Guy | Pièce de contact pour connecteur électrique |
WO2011113594A1 (fr) * | 2010-03-16 | 2011-09-22 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Connecteur enfichable à courant fort |
US8303352B2 (en) | 2007-09-05 | 2012-11-06 | Preci Dip Sa | Contact clip |
CN104521070A (zh) * | 2012-07-13 | 2015-04-15 | 德国工程连接装置股份有限公司 | 多件式插座触头组件 |
WO2016197294A1 (fr) * | 2015-06-08 | 2016-12-15 | 吴伟东 | Tête femelle de connecteur |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW456609U (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2001-09-21 | Sheng Sheng Entpr Co Ltd | Clamping device of RF transmission cable |
US7241190B2 (en) * | 2001-11-20 | 2007-07-10 | Fci Americas Technology, Inc. | Female electrical terminal and electrical connector comprising the same |
US6638116B2 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-10-28 | Square D Company | Medium voltage motor control center springless finger cluster |
US6848922B2 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2005-02-01 | Hypertronics Corporation | Socket contact with integrally formed arc arresting portion |
US6997750B2 (en) * | 2003-07-23 | 2006-02-14 | Fci Americas Technology, Inc. | Electrical connector contact |
DE102005063286A1 (de) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-05 | Würth Elektronik GmbH & Co. KG | Kontaktbuchse für einen Steckerstift |
US8021189B2 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2011-09-20 | Light Sources Inc. | Ultraviolet lamp for use in water purifiers |
US20080293308A1 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2008-11-27 | Tribotek, Inc. | Pivoting wafer connector |
US7806699B2 (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2010-10-05 | Methode Electornics, Inc. | Wound coil compression connector |
US7794235B2 (en) | 2008-01-31 | 2010-09-14 | Methode Electronics, Inc. | Continuous wireform connector |
US7806737B2 (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2010-10-05 | Methode Electronics, Inc. | Stamped beam connector |
US8096829B2 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2012-01-17 | Belden Inc. | Center conductor terminal having increased contact resistance |
US8083554B2 (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2011-12-27 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Connector assembly having a unitary housing |
US9325095B2 (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2016-04-26 | Lear Corporation | Female type contact for an electrical connector |
US8876562B2 (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2014-11-04 | Lear Corporation | Female type contact for an electrical connector |
US8840436B2 (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2014-09-23 | Lear Corporation | Electrically conducting terminal |
US8808039B2 (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2014-08-19 | Lear Corporation | Connector assembly and terminal retainer |
US8678867B2 (en) | 2011-10-31 | 2014-03-25 | Lear Corporation | Electrical terminal and receptacle assembly |
US8414339B1 (en) | 2011-10-31 | 2013-04-09 | Lear Corporation | Electrical terminal and receptacle assembly |
DE102012106741B4 (de) | 2012-07-25 | 2021-04-01 | Harting Electric Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kontaktelement |
US8858264B2 (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-10-14 | Lear Corporation | Electrical terminal retainer and receptacle assembly |
US9236682B2 (en) | 2013-02-15 | 2016-01-12 | Lear Corporation | Cylindrical electric connector with biased contact |
ES2635625T3 (es) * | 2013-07-30 | 2017-10-04 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Dispositivo de conexión para un aparato conmutador |
CN104218352B (zh) * | 2013-10-08 | 2017-06-27 | 中航光电科技股份有限公司 | 插孔接触件及其接触单体 |
DE102014214068A1 (de) | 2014-07-18 | 2016-01-21 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Elektrisches Kontaktelement |
US9331400B1 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2016-05-03 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Male contact assembly |
US9917390B1 (en) | 2016-12-13 | 2018-03-13 | Carlisle Interconnect Technologies, Inc. | Multiple piece contact for an electrical connector |
WO2018203105A1 (fr) | 2017-05-02 | 2018-11-08 | Lemco Precision Sa | Contact electrique femelle et son procede de fabrication |
FR3077166B1 (fr) * | 2018-01-22 | 2020-12-25 | Razvan Ilie | Connecteur electrique a lames conductrices et procede correspondant |
DE102018125843A1 (de) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-23 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Elektrisches Kontaktelement zum elektrischen Kontaktieren mit einem Gegenkontaktelement |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3564487A (en) * | 1969-02-03 | 1971-02-16 | Itt | Contact member for electrical connector |
EP0090549A2 (fr) * | 1982-03-31 | 1983-10-05 | AMP INCORPORATED (a New Jersey corporation) | Assemblage d'un contact électrique |
US5419723A (en) * | 1993-02-02 | 1995-05-30 | Framatome Connectors International | Flexible blade female electrical contact |
FR2775389A1 (fr) * | 1998-02-24 | 1999-08-27 | Radiall Sa | Broche de contact d'un connecteur electrique |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2689337A (en) | 1952-04-04 | 1954-09-14 | Burtt | Shaped metal contact |
US4685761A (en) * | 1982-03-31 | 1987-08-11 | Amp Incorporated | Electrical contact assembly and method of assembly |
US4461530A (en) * | 1982-09-20 | 1984-07-24 | Bendix Corporation | Socket contact for electrical connectors and method of manufacture |
FR2685558A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-19 | 1993-06-25 | Souriau & Cie | Contact electrique a lame souple pour connecteur electrique. |
JP2916566B2 (ja) | 1993-05-14 | 1999-07-05 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | ソケット型ターミナル |
US5897404A (en) * | 1996-09-30 | 1999-04-27 | The Whitaker Corporation | Socket terminal |
-
1999
- 1999-11-30 EP EP99811102A patent/EP1107378B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-30 DE DE69908953T patent/DE69908953T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-30 AT AT99811102T patent/ATE243375T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-02-08 US US09/499,638 patent/US6264508B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3564487A (en) * | 1969-02-03 | 1971-02-16 | Itt | Contact member for electrical connector |
EP0090549A2 (fr) * | 1982-03-31 | 1983-10-05 | AMP INCORPORATED (a New Jersey corporation) | Assemblage d'un contact électrique |
US5419723A (en) * | 1993-02-02 | 1995-05-30 | Framatome Connectors International | Flexible blade female electrical contact |
FR2775389A1 (fr) * | 1998-02-24 | 1999-08-27 | Radiall Sa | Broche de contact d'un connecteur electrique |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1469560A1 (fr) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-20 | COULON, Guy | Pièce de contact pour connecteur électrique |
FR2853997A1 (fr) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-22 | Guy Coulon | Piece de contact pour connecteur electrique |
US6994600B2 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2006-02-07 | Guy Coulon | Contacting part for electrical connector |
US8303352B2 (en) | 2007-09-05 | 2012-11-06 | Preci Dip Sa | Contact clip |
WO2011113594A1 (fr) * | 2010-03-16 | 2011-09-22 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Connecteur enfichable à courant fort |
US8827755B2 (en) | 2010-03-16 | 2014-09-09 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH & Co, KG | High current connector |
CN104521070A (zh) * | 2012-07-13 | 2015-04-15 | 德国工程连接装置股份有限公司 | 多件式插座触头组件 |
CN104521070B (zh) * | 2012-07-13 | 2017-02-22 | 德国工程连接装置股份有限公司 | 多件式插座触头组件 |
WO2016197294A1 (fr) * | 2015-06-08 | 2016-12-15 | 吴伟东 | Tête femelle de connecteur |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69908953T2 (de) | 2004-05-19 |
DE69908953D1 (de) | 2003-07-24 |
EP1107378B1 (fr) | 2003-06-18 |
ATE243375T1 (de) | 2003-07-15 |
US6264508B1 (en) | 2001-07-24 |
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