EP1090825A2 - Twin-axle railway goods wagon - Google Patents

Abstract

The goods wagon is designed so that the frame (1) is arranged underneath the middle of the buffers (3), and the buffer breast (29) of at least one head piece (2) is supported at the frame, additionally over at least one support, which pref. engages in the top end region of the buffer breast, esp. undetachably connected e.g. by a welding seam. leaf springs (17) and parabolic springs are fitted at the mountings of the running wheels (16).

Description

The invention has a two-axle rail freight wagon for a normal or broad gauge train with one up essentially flat object.

The rolling stock for railways is subject to European trains particularly stringent conditions because the same are used not only nationally, but internationally got to. There are therefore essentially uniform buffer heights with a few exceptions, a uniform gauge within from Europe and also to get accurate tracking, essentially uniform diameter of wheels before those in the UIC Code 510-2 VE 2nd edition 01.01.1978 section 6 (Change status 01.07.94) are regulated. Without additional agreements can according to UIC Code 510-2 VE 2nd edition 01.01.1978 section 6 (revision 01.07.94) wheels with a running circle diameter of 680 mm and larger for a freight train are used in most countries. So designed Railway freight cars can be found in most European countries Countries used internationally without additional agreements become. Buffers, wheels, rolling stock and trains these Fulfill conditions are described below as standard buffers etc. designated.

At the ends of rolling stock, be it one Tractor or a pulled wagon are buffers on one Headpiece and a pulling device arranged. Both the Buffers as well as the pulling device have a uniform height so that international European trains are possible at all are. This predetermined height of the middle of the buffer is included empty trolleys at a maximum of 1,065 mm and under the greatest load at least 940 mm, measured from the top edge of the rail (UIC Code 521) require different designs. So are for particularly heavy transports, such as Transformers, wagons provided at both ends Have bogies, the frame which is the two Bogies connect with each other, not flat, but lowered is trained. This lowered education doesn't just have its own Cause so that the goods to be loaded are only slightly raised must be, but rather, in order to work on routes that Tunnels do not have the prescribed total height exceed. For lines with an electrical overhead line, the upper limit given by the electrical overhead line.

With so-called roll-on and roll-off traffic it is known to provide ramps for the headers, which the Bridge the head pieces too high. These inflated ramps must also end an international European train be provided so that the head pieces run over in height can be. In order not to provide such an increase, a lowerable head piece can be provided in accordance with CH 570 894 A. be that over two levers along a guide surface of a working position in which the buffers correspond to others Railway wagons are arranged in height, in a rest position can be moved in parallel. Such a railroad car also has very small wheels. Through the Mobility of the head piece is an additional constructive one Given the effort, which is also due to the particularly high Safety regulations on the railways to a high mechanical as well as personnel expenditure. Furthermore is due to the small size of the wheels, the necessary guidance is not guaranteed without further ado. Also have very small wheels only a lower load capacity.

There are different design proposals for Railway wagons have become known in which the loading platform is deeply arranged. For example, the US 3,995,564 A a car can be removed, which for the Transport of motor vehicles should serve. This wagon points on the one hand very small wheels, which, as is known, without technical Precaution to derail and therefore for the Traffic will not be allowed without additional precautions. Furthermore, there is only one at both ends of this wagon Middle buffer coupling provided. The railroad car this US patent has four axes, so is special high loads are provided, with a dome with European It is not possible to move because there are no two at either end Buffers are provided.

EP 0 019 098 A1 is also a special one elaborate railroad car described which heavy loads should record. It is particularly suitable for the transport of Road vehicles determined. This wagon has two bogies on, each with four axles for very small wheels have. For such railway wagons with very small wheels are for international European cross-border Transport additional bilateral or international agreements required. Furthermore, the maintenance effort is more Wagons very high.

EP 0 329 551 A1 describes a railway wagon Described bogies, each bogie having two axles, thus has a total of four impellers. The wheels are over Coil springs supported on the bogie. To the forces on the Buffer act, which are arranged above the wheels a two-part frame is provided, one upper and one Has lower chord. The top flange of the frame is not flat trained, but on both sides up to the buffers angled. There is a particularly complex one here Construction, which is also heavy and therefore a causes high additional energy consumption during transport.

DE 44 18 884 A1 becomes a two-part railway wagon known of a base and a load structure having. The base frame can have two axes via leaf springs be connected, the buffers over the wheels of the base lie. A load structure is provided on this base frame, which not only absorbs the goods to be transported should, but also the necessary stiffening of the base should cause a railroad car to be formed can be. The loading area of the load structure, which one forms an integral part of the railway wagon far above the middle of the buffer.

FR 1 087 352 A describes a railroad car, which serve for the transport of motor vehicles should, that of individual parts articulated together consists. The railroad car has four axes, which are very carry small wheels. The loading area is below the middle Height of the buffers.

FR 1 175 883 A becomes another railway wagon known for the transport of motor vehicles, one There is a wagon for connection to a standard train, which has at least four axes and two buffers at one end has, whereas at the other end a middle buffer coupling is provided. This railroad car for the transportation of motor vehicles is a particularly heavy version, the Power transmission between the wagon according to this patent and the subsequent one only via a central buffer coupling he follows.

Height-adjustable buffer constructions provide one special attempt of wagons that have a low loading area should have easy accessibility by motor vehicles to enable.

Such a construction is for example in the FR 2 026 167 A. A railroad car that is obvious has very few wheels, has on both of them Height adjustable buffers that end in an international European Can be brought up, the connection of the individual wagons by an additional, not shown Device should be done.

EP 0 630 991-A becomes another rail freight wagon known, the loading platform opposite the wheelsets is lowerable. Here, the holder of the springs Double lever, on one arm a pneumatic cylinder and on the other arm the spring sling is hinged. By Actuation of the pneumatic cylinder can the articulation axis for the same be lowered so that the entire loading platform, for example, a deeper one for easier loading and unloading Can take position. This lowerable suspension of the leaf springs four are provided for one axis, so that a large one Total effort to raise and lower is given, whereby furthermore by the high safety regulations required by the railway a number of additional measures are required are. So the bracket must be in the transport position raised loading platform must be mechanically locked. This mechanical locking must be done before and after each lowering of the Loading platform are operated. Furthermore, it is necessary that a There is a corresponding compressed air supply in the wagon so that it is the same lowered regardless of a towing vehicle, but also can be raised again.

The invention has for its object a railway freight wagon to create the height of the buffer the Push device and the pull device a standard train corresponds, which as both a middle and end runner in a train that can be used in most European countries without additional bilateral agreements can be used. Furthermore, the guidance should the European Standard cars correspond and also the European ones fixed speeds of freight trains adhered to can be. Another object of the present invention is to create a freight wagon that is special is simply constructed, has a low overall weight, has a high level of flexural rigidity and its loading area in particular is arranged low and which has a high load-bearing capacity owns.

The two-axle rail freight wagon according to the invention for a standard gauge or broad gauge with one after essentially flat frame at the top with at least two side members, which are connected by cross beams, the one on its two Each end ends with a buffer breast, the two buffers carries, the center of which is at a distance, preferably approximately, when empty Carriage at most 1,065 mm and at maximum load, preferably approximately, at least 940 mm, each measured from the Upper rail edge, and at least one pulling device Towing hook and clutch, the frame of wheels with a running circle diameter of, preferably about, 680 mm and larger, preferably smaller 840 mm, and their axes over Leaf springs on the frame have a constant height Bracket are attached, worn, consists essentially in that the frame is located below the center of the buffer and the buffer breast of at least one head piece on the Frame additionally via at least one support, which is preferred attacks the buffer breast in the upper end area, in particular insoluble, e.g. B. is connected by a weld, supported is. Such a construction is a simple one Railway freight wagons created a large loading area can have the most varied structures, in particular tilting loading platforms. By the Provide both the buffer and the traction device in the specified amount, such freight wagons (according to Regolamento Internazionale Veicoli dated 1.1.1989, section 38.1 (Change 1.1.97) without additional bilateral agreement in Europe can be used across borders and by bikes with a running circle diameter equal to and greater than 680 mm according to UIC Code 510-2 VE 2nd edition 01.01.1978 section 6 such freight wagons in most European countries without additional bilateral contracts are used. Through the The size of the wheels ensures that there is high tracking given is. It was not at all obvious to set the framework for a rail freight wagon with such large wheels lower to be arranged as the buffers are. Usually the frame in such constructions not just trained, but points continuous, for example pointing upwards at their ends Carrier from, so that the load arranged between the axes can be arranged lower. The frame is above the axes arranged, with a proven construction for fastening the Axles can be provided on the frame via leaf springs. By the additional support of the buffer breast via supports on The frame is subjected to high forces both when applied the buffer as well as the drawbar especially simply taken into account. It was also completely surprising that at such a construction when introducing forces into the buffers essentially have a deflection of the frame can be avoided.

The railway freight wagon according to the invention Parabolic springs for attaching the axles to the frame particularly smooth running with high tracking given both loaded and unloaded freight cars.

Are at least two supports provided by Sheets are formed, which are oriented in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, are arranged in particular parallel to this, so a particular simple and low-weight construction can be achieved, which at the same time exerted the required forces on the buffer breast can transfer the frame.

The sheets are along their entire length on the buffer breast or frame adjacent edges welded to them, so a particularly rigid construction is obtained, which at the same time Simply avoid areas at risk of corrosion.

Is at least a buffer breast, especially the head piece together with the puffer breast, around an axis that is transverse, preferably normal, runs to the flat frame, swiveling, such a freight car, for example at the end of a Standard train are arranged, on the one hand the buffer in required height are provided and on the other hand by a simple swiveling a loading or driving on the freight car without overcoming the larger difference in height Buffer breast is enabled.

At least in the room enclosed by the frame partly a compressed gas accumulator, in particular a piston accumulator and a hydraulic fluid reservoir arranged, so the low Height of the frame are maintained, while the required ground clearance can be guaranteed. Such Device can, for example, for actuating a Piston / cylinder units are used, whereby a Charging, for example by one provided in the standard train Aggregate can take place, with which the rail freight wagon also in uncoupled state is fully operational.

Is a pump driven by an impeller for a Working medium, especially hydraulic fluid, provided this hydraulic fluid can be used in many ways.

Is a pump driven by an impeller via a Medium line with a pressure medium storage, in particular Piston accumulator, which is connected to a gas accumulator and is connected to a piston / cylinder unit, so is a self-sufficient Railway freight wagons created during transportation loads a pressure accumulator, which then retires to Operate different work tools can.

If a loading platform is linked to the frame, on which has at least one piston / cylinder unit articulated to the frame is articulated, there is a railway freight wagon that Bulk goods either parallel to the track or normal to the track, each to where the platform is articulated. On such wagon is particularly for maintenance work by Suitable routes, the car also in a standard train can be provided.

If the loading platform is articulated via bolts that are in whose axial direction can be moved via a linkage, so the linkage can be lifted particularly easily, the Linkage, for example, via a hydraulic cylinder or compressed air cylinder can be movable.

Are the axes for the articulation of the platform on both sides of the frame from their storage via a linkage movable, so it can either be on one side depending on requirements or on the other side the linkage of the loading platform are canceled, on the other hand for transport a Particularly secure attachment of the loading platform to the frame is guaranteed.

Are the side walls above the loading platform, e.g. B. articulated to supports of the loading platform, so one can exact pouring of the bulk goods and that in immediate Closeness of the freight car take place, furthermore the side walls, there the bulk material is not derived from them, before extreme Are protected by the general cargo.

Are the drop sides on uprights of the loading platform hinged, which are removable, so on the one hand at the Loading platform side walls are provided and on the other hand a completely unlimited loading platform by removing the uprights be preserved.

Is an access ramp articulated to the frame by a transport position in a working position in which it is supported directly or indirectly on the ground, is movable, So, as is known per se, driving on the rail freight wagon done particularly easily without additional resources.

On the frame is a console for a crane, in particular off-center, based on the longitudinal extent of the rail freight wagon, arranged, the same can be particularly low leverage of the crane because the removal of the Working arm from the underground due to the low height of the Frame can be kept particularly low at lower Have a high load-bearing capacity.

If only one of the two buffer breasts is provided, whose buffer centers, preferably approximately, for empty wagons at most 1,065 mm and at maximum load, preferably about, at least 940 mm, measured from the top edge of the rail, Railway wagons can also lie in a standard train be carried, another, z. B. lower Buffer height, have, such at the end of a row Railway wagon a wagon has to be arranged again which at the end has the standard height buffers.

In the following the invention with reference to the drawings explained in more detail.

Fig. 1

einen Eisenbahngüterwagen in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 2

die Aufhängung der Federn und der Achse,

Fig. 3 und 4

den Endbereich eines Eisenbahnwaggons in der Ansicht von der Seite bzw. von oben,

Fig. 5

einen Eisenbahnwaggon mit gekippter Plattform,

Fig. 6 und 8

einen Eisenbahnwaggon mit unterschiedlichen Pufferhöhen,

Fig. 7

einen Eisenbahnwaggon mit tief angeordneten Puffern,

Fig. 9 und 10

einen Eisenbahnwaggon mit einem Kran und

Fig. 11

die Anlenkung einer Bordwand.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a side view of a rail freight wagon,

Fig. 2

the suspension of the springs and the axle,

3 and 4

the end area of a railway wagon viewed from the side or from above,

Fig. 5

a railway wagon with a tilted platform,

6 and 8

a railway wagon with different buffer heights,

Fig. 7

a railway wagon with deep buffers,

9 and 10

a railway wagon with a crane and

Fig. 11

the articulation of a drop side.

1 is a railway freight wagon for a standard gauge, So shown for a track width of 1,435 mm. The Carriage has a frame 1, which at both ends Head pieces 2 with buffers 3, a pulling device 4 with pulling hooks and has clutch. The frame 1 has longitudinal beams 5 and as can be seen from Fig. 4, cross member 6. On the headers are also handles 7 and steps 8 for the shunting staff arranged. A loading platform 9 is arranged on the frame, has the side walls 10, the removable uprights 11th are articulated. Optionally, the side walls 10 can also on the Loading platform 9 be articulated. Self-fixing can be used as the axis of rotation Springs (not shown) may be used. The loading platform 9 can also, as shown in Fig. 5, via piston / Cylinder units 12 are pivoted. The loading platform can be hinged to the frame on its transverse side. The loading platform can, however, also on their long side (s) on Frame articulated (Fig. 5). The required media for the piston / cylinder unit 12 is a hydraulic fluid, those in the piston accumulator 13, the one not shown Pressure medium line with the hydraulic fluid tank 14 and is connected to a gas tank 13a is stored. The piston accumulator 13 is loaded via a pump 15 (Fig. 4), which of the wheels are driven. The pump is a wheelset pump that is flanged to the axlebox bearing and hydraulic oil becomes continuous conveyed during the rotation of the wheels. The Movement of the pump takes place via a driver that moves into a Counterpart screwed on the stub axle of the wheelset intervenes. By pumping the hydraulic fluid the nitrogen in the piston accumulator 13 up to a pressure of 216 bar compressed and stored. After that, the system turns on Hydraulic fluid flow through the hydraulic fluid reservoir 14 switched. The piston accumulator 13 is of this type dimension that when the railway freight wagon is stationary and in Condition fully loaded, the loading platform raised twice and can be lowered.

The wheels 16 have a running circle diameter of 730 mm. The connection of the two axles of a wagon to the frame, as shown in FIG. 2, takes place via a spring assembly 17 which has parabolic springs 18. The uppermost leaf spring 19 has eyes 20 at the ends through which bolts 21 are guided. These bolts 21 are mounted in the leg suspension 22, which in turn is supported in the spring bracket 24 via the leg 23. The bracket for the springs is formed by the spring bracket 24 and Schakenstein 23. There are no additional elements provided in the spring holder which make the holder variable in height. Only the shackle suspension can understand the spring movement of the leaf spring assembly 17 due to its mounting. The spring assembly is connected to one another in the middle by a spring collar 25 and to the axle bearing housing 27, in which the axle (not shown) is mounted. The intermediate plate 26 made of steel is used for permanent height adjustment. The frame 1 is at a distance h ₁ of 845 mm from the upper rail edge 28. The distance h _{2 of} the buffer center from the top edge of the rail is 1,060 mm for unloaded freight cars.

As can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, the buffers 3 connected to a buffer breast 29, which in turn is supported by supports 30 are connected to the frame. The head piece 2 thus formed partially overlaps the longitudinal beam 5 with the supports 30 and is with both the buffer breast 29 and the side member 5 along connected by continuous welds. The supports 30 attack head piece 2 above the middle of the buffer. Through this construction, a more effective introduction of forces is admittedly exerted by buffers on the frame, however additionally when the rail freight wagon is under pressure not just compressing, but also bending the beams. The Deflection of the beam can be done by appropriate dimensioning without exceeding higher weights, avoided or be kept within the prescribed limits. How special in 1 and 3, the upper edge of the frame 1 kept extremely low, so that loading and unloading can be carried out easily and at the same time the preferred one Use of the rail freight wagon, u. for maintenance the route with a particularly easy manipulation can.

As can be seen from Fig. 4, the axis 31 with the Wheels 16 arranged between two cross members 6.

The head piece 2 can also have supports 30 which are not welded to the supports of the frame l, but rely only on the same, with the headpiece over an axis 34 arranged normal to the loading platform can be pivoted can be formed, a fixation via a bolt 35 the buffer breast can be done on the frame. Bolt and axle can be identical, so that the pivoting movement of the Headpiece is enabled on both sides. If desired, the swiveling movement can also be done by additional aids, like spindle drive but also hydraulic pistons.

In Fig. 5 the rail freight wagon is opened Loading platform 9 shown. The angle a that of that Frame 1 and the lower edge of the loading platform 9 included is 54 °, preferably 45 ° for safety reasons. The Side walls 10 are articulated on uprights 11 of the loading platform 9, so that the bulk material does not overlap in its entirety the side walls 10 moved. The rail freight wagon passes neither the external restriction 32 nor the in the transport state internal restriction 33. The freight wagon, which is a length over 11.50 m buffers has a dead weight of only 17 t. Here are all the units listed above including.

6 and 8, wagons are shown that their ends two differently shaped head pieces 2 and 2a have. The buffers 3 have the height for a standard train on (as already mentioned), whereas the buffers 3a one have a lower height. 6 can (in relation to the direction of travel f) following a standard train are used, following these railroad cars a railroad car according to FIG. 7, the headers 2a with buffers 3a, which are also arranged lower. At the end of such a train is the railroad car 8 provided, the buffer again at one end at standard height. The head piece 2 can be pivoted be so that a ramp 36 particularly deep on Frame 1 can be articulated. The loading ramp can then be opened rest directly on the top edge of the rail or on the ground. Such a train can for example for the transport of Rails of motor vehicles are particularly advantageous be used.

9 and 10, a crane 37 is shown, the is connected to the frame 1 via a console 38. The Console is, based on the longitudinal direction of the railway wagon, arranged off-center, so that cargo on one End of the freight wagon and can be picked up by a Rotary movement of the crane easily placed on the loading platform can be without, for example, a telescopic arm is required. The property can, as is known per se, along the Poor be moved. The arm can go up and down be pivoted down. There is also a possibility that excavator buckets are attached to the end of the arm. In which Operation of the crane becomes the railway wagon as in Fig. 10 particularly clearly visible, supported by supports 39 on the ground.

In Fig. 11 the articulation of the loading platform 9 is at Frame 1 shown, the loading platform a tab 40 and the frame has two tabs 41. Through these tabs is a Guide bolt 42 which is connected to a linkage 43. This linkage can be moved in its longitudinal direction, so that also a movement of the bolts in their longitudinal direction he follows. The loading platform has at least two on both sides such bearings on, in the transport position on both Sides the bolts are passed through both tabs. It a fixation takes place at the same time. In working position the bolts can be pulled out of their tabs on only one side become. So the loading platform is only at one Articulated side and can via the cylinder / piston unit just be tipped.

Claims (16)

Two-axle rail freight wagon for a standard gauge or broad gauge train with an upward substantially flat frame (1) with at least two side members (5) which are connected via cross members (6), each of which has a head piece (2) with a buffer breast at both ends (29), which bears two buffers (3), the center of which is at a distance, preferably approximately, in the case of empty wagons at most 1,065 mm and under the greatest load, preferably approximately, at least 940 mm, each measured from the top edge of the rail, and at least one pulling device with pulling hook and coupling, the frame (1) of running wheels (16) with a running circle diameter of, preferably approximately, 680 mm and larger, preferably smaller than 840 mm, and their axes (31) via leaf springs (17) connected to the frame ( 1) are attached via a fixed-height bracket, is carried, characterized in that the frame (1) is arranged below the center of the buffer, and the buffer breast (29) by at least one K Sealing piece (2) on the frame (1) additionally via at least one support (30), which preferably engages in the upper end region of the buffer breast (29), in particular in a non-detachable manner, e.g. B. is connected by a weld, is supported. Two-axle rail freight wagon according to claim 1, characterized in that parabolic springs (18) are provided. Two-axle rail freight wagon according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least two supports (30) are provided for a head piece (2) which are formed by metal sheets which are oriented in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, in particular parallel to the latter. Two-axle rail freight wagon according to claim 3, characterized in that the sheets (30) are welded to them along their entire edges lying against the head piece (2) or frame (1). Two-axle rail freight wagon according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one buffer breast (29), in particular the head piece (2) together with the buffer breast about an axis (34) which is transverse, preferably normal, to the flat frame (1) runs, is pivotable. Two-axle rail freight wagon according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a compressed gas accumulator, in particular a piston accumulator (13), and a hydraulic fluid accumulator (14) are arranged at least partially in the space enclosed by the frame (1). Two-axle rail freight wagon according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a pump (15) driven via an impeller (16) is provided for a working medium, in particular hydraulic fluid. Two-axle rail freight wagon according to claim 7, characterized in that the pump (15) driven via an impeller (16) via a medium line with a pressure medium accumulator (13), in particular piston accumulator, which has a gas accumulator (13) and a piston / cylinder unit (12) is connected, is connected. Two-axle rail freight wagon according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a loading platform (9) is articulated on the frame (1), on which at least one on
Frame (1) articulated piston / cylinder unit (12) is articulated. Two-axle rail freight wagon according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the loading platform (9) is articulated via bolts (42) which can be moved in the axial direction thereof via a linkage (43). Two-axle rail freight wagon according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the bolts (42) for the articulation of the loading platform (9) can be moved on both sides of the frame from their storage via a linkage (43). Two-axle rail freight wagon according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that side walls (10) above the loading platform (9), for. B. on stands (11) of the loading platform (9) are articulated. Two-axle rail freight wagon according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the side walls (10) are articulated on uprights (11) of the loading platform (9) which are removable. Two-axle rail freight wagon according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that an access ramp (36) is articulated on the frame (1) and can be moved from a transport position into a working position in which it is supported directly or indirectly on the ground. Two-axle rail freight wagon according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a bracket (38) for a crane (37), in particular off-center, is arranged on the frame (1) with respect to the longitudinal extent of the rail freight wagon. Two-axle rail freight wagon according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that only one of the two buffer breasts (29) has buffers whose buffer centers in empty wagons, preferably approximately, at most 1,065 mm and at greatest load, preferably approximately, at least 940 mm, measured from the top edge of the rail.

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