Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
  • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means

Definitions

• An electromagnetic actuator for actuating an actuator works in such a way that an electromagnet which can be energized is provided, the magnetic force of which, when energized, acts on an armature which is connected to the actuator to be actuated.
• a return spring is provided which, when the electromagnet is de-energized, holds the armature or the actuator connected to it in a first switching position and, when the electromagnet is energized, is moved into the second setting position by the magnetic forces against the force of the return spring and is held in this second position as long as the electromagnet is energized.
• an electromagnetic actuator for actuating an actuator, with at least one electromagnet, which is formed by a yoke body having a pole face with a coil, and with a movable relative to the pole face via a guide pin
• Anchor element which has an anchor plate which is fixedly connected to a guide pin and which has two cover plates, between which a plate pack of a plurality of fixedly connected plate plates is arranged, which are aligned perpendicular to the cover plates and connected to them.
• the connection of the cover plate with the plate package formed from a large number of plate plates results in a stable anchor plate which also withstands the mechanical stresses of an electromagnetic actuator with a high frequency switching frequency.
• the lamella structure makes it possible to reduce eddy current formation. This results in the
• a further advantage of the reduced eddy currents when the armature is applied also results in methods for so-called “support detection”, ie the detection of the armature being in contact with the pole face. While the eddy currents which were previously unavoidable made it practically impossible in the case of a solid armature Deriving a clear signal from the clocking frequency of a clocked holding current or from the evaluation of the time profiles of current and / or voltage, since the change in the differential inductance and the change in the eddy current components in the armature compensated at least partially in the operating areas of interest here, leads to the reduction the eddy current formation in the armature to clear and reproducible signals that can be used for regulating and / or controlling the energization of the electromagnet.
• the detachment process is also favorably influenced by the reduction in eddy current formation. While the detachment process is delayed in a massive armature by the eddy currents that still flow after the coil current is switched off, the magnetic force degradation is greatly accelerated and the so-called adhesive time is reduced by a low-eddy current armature according to the invention.
• the cover plates are provided on at least one edge with a bend which covers the associated end face of the plate pack.
• the bend can be provided in such a way that both cover plates have the shape of an L-profile and are offset by 180 ° from one another on the plate pack, so that the bends each have the end face cover, which are formed by the end edges of the individual sheet metal lamellae.
• One or both cover plates can be designed as U-profiles by the arrangement of bends. If only one cover plate is designed as a U-profile and the other cover plate is used as a flat plate, then the plate pack is preferably connected to the U-shaped cover plate in such a way that in turn the end faces are covered, which are formed by the end edges of the individual plate plates.
• the flat cover plate then lies on the other side of the plate pack. If both cover plates are provided with bends that give the cover plates a U-shaped profile cross-section, then the cover plates are connected to the plate pack offset by 90 ° to one another, so that the narrow front edges of the plate pack are covered on all sides by the bends and thus the plate pack from the Cover plates is enclosed in a can.
• the plate pack is welded to the cover plates at least at the edges running transversely to the orientation of the plate plates. This results not only in an end-to-end connection of the sheet metal lamellae to one another, but also in a fixed connection to the cover plates. If the cover plates are provided with bends that cover the end edges of the plate lamellae, it may be appropriate to
• the sheet metal plates of the plate pack are firmly connected to one another by at least two transverse bolts.
• the bolts can be designed as screw bolts or as rivets.
• the individual sheet metal lamellas are provided with a through hole so that the lamella pack is connected to a complete unit via the bolts.
• This configuration can also be used with a punch-packaged plate pack, so that the rigidity of the anchor plate is not only achieved via the bolts.
• the guide pin has a guide shaft and a pin head with a larger diameter, and that the pin head is passed through the bore in the disk pack and is soldered to the disk pack in the area of contact.
• This provides the large contact area necessary for a stable solder connection between the guide pin on the one hand and the bore in the anchor plate on the other.
• This is a firm connection between the plate package made of soft magnetic iron material and a plate made of a hardenable steel material
• a copper-based solder is expediently used for this purpose.
• the bolt head is provided with at least one twist
• the twisting can be carried out in the form of a chamfer on the head surface of the bolt and / or in the form of a circumferential groove on the cylindrical peripheral surface of the bolt head.
• the chamfer and / or the groove must be dimensioned in its cross-section so that the required amount of solder is available through the solder placed or inserted.
• the cylindrical wall of the mounting hole for the bolt head has correspondingly minimal gaps in a plate pack, it may be advisable to provide both a chamfer on the end face and a groove on the cylindrical circumferential surface and solder accordingly at both points apply so that there is definitely a continuous layer of solder between the bolt head and the hole in the anchor plate.
• Stamping package used anchor element also has an advantageous effect in the design of the yoke body of the electromagnet.
• an embodiment of the invention proposes an electromagnetic actuator with at least one electromagnet, which has a pole face Yoke body with a coil is formed, and with an anchor element that can be moved back and forth with respect to the pole face via a guide pin, in particular with a yoke body that consists of a plurality of sheet metal lamellae, each of which is provided with a plurality of embossments, which are wart-like elevations on a lamella area and correspondingly form cup-shaped depressions on the other lamella surface, the elevations of one sheet metal lamella engaging in the depressions of the adjacent sheet metal lamella and the sheet metal lamellae being positively connected to one another by pressing to form a disk set, the yoke body being enclosed by a housing on partial areas of its surface is.
• Embossments can be provided in areas in which particularly high forces occur during operation.
• the plate pack can also be held together by appropriate bolted or riveted bolts.
• the housing surrounding the disk pack is produced by encapsulation or injection molding around the disk pack. It is also possible to glue the lamella pack into a prefabricated housing, the adhesive being able to have heat-conducting properties. This keeps the plate pack in the housing without play.
• the material used here is, for example, plastics which have a corresponding temperature resistance if such an actuator for actuating a gas change valve is used on a piston internal combustion engine.
• metals can also be used, for example aluminum alloys. It is expedient here if the metal has a reduced electrical conductivity of the housing material, if appropriate through appropriate additives.
• 1 is a perspective view of an anchor with two flat cover plates
• FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an anchor with angled surfaces
• Fig. 3 is an end view of the anchor acc. 1, seen in the direction of arrow A,
• Fig. 7 shows a section. the line VII-VII in Fig. 1,
• Fig. 8 is a sectional view. 7 with a different shape of the guide pin
• Fig. 11 is a plan view of a sheet metal lamella of a yoke body with embossings.
• the armature for an electromagnetic actuator shown in FIG. 1 consists of an armature plate 1 which is firmly connected to a guide pin 2.
• the anchor plate 1 has two cover plates 3, 4, between which a plate pack 5 is arranged on a plurality of fixedly connected plate plates, which are aligned perpendicular to the cover plates 3, 4 and connected to them.
• Fig. 3 shows an end view in the direction of arrow A in Fig. 1 on a larger scale. In Fig. 3 this is from a variety of
• cover plates 3, 4 are each provided on the edge with bends 7 and 8, which run transversely to the end edges of the plate plates (not shown here) of the enclosed plate pack 5 and cover them.
• FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the upper cover plate 3 is flat, while the lower cover plate 4 is provided with bends 7, 8 on both edge sides and thus has a U-shaped cross section.
• Fig. 5 shows a modified embodiment in which both cover plates 3, 4 are provided on the edge with only one bend 7 and 8, so that both cover plates have an L-shaped cross section.
• the two cover plates 3, 4 are arranged reversely to one another, so that in each case the bend of a cover plate covers one end face of the plate pack 5.
• both cover plates 3 and 4 are provided on both edges with bends 7, 8, so that they each have a U-shaped cross section. Both cover plates 3, 4 are offset from one another by 90 ° on the plate pack 5, so that all end faces of the plate pack are covered by the bends of the cover plates and the plate pack is enclosed in a box-like manner.
• connection of the individual sheet metal plates 6 to one another and the connection of the plate pack 5 formed from the sheet metal plates 6 to the cover plates 3, 4 can now be carried out in different ways.
• the individual lamellae are connected together with the two cover plates 3, 4 lying on top of each other in the edge region of the two opposite end faces 9 by welding or soldering, so that both the individual sheet metal lamellae with one another and the two are connected by the seam 21 Cover plates 3, 4 are firmly connected to the plate pack 5 (see FIG. 7).
• a preferred type of connection is described with reference to FIG. 9.
• FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the individual sheet metal plates of the plate pack are firmly connected to one another by two transverse bolts 10.
• the bolts 10 are inserted through corresponding holes 11 (see FIG. 7) in the sheet metal plates 6.
• the bolts can be designed as screw bolts or as rivets.
• the individual sheet-metal fins 6 are provided with one or more embossments 6.1, which form a cup-shaped depression 6.3 on one fin side and a corresponding wart-shaped elevation 6.2 on the other fin side.
• the elevation 6.2 of a sheet metal lamella engages in the recess 6.3 of the next sheet metal lamella, so that in a pressing operation of the stack of lamellas, a solid lamella stack with a high packing density is formed.
• the sheet metal fins 6 are held together by clamping action. In the transverse direction to the through-openings 6.1 there is a positive connection which is effective over the entire width and is prevented by the relative movements of the sheet metal lamellas.
• the slats 6 are connected to one another on the one hand and to the cover plates 3 and 4 on the other hand in each case via seams 21 in the edge region of the end faces 9.
• the sectional representations acc. 7 and 8 show the connection between the disk set 5 and the guide pin 2.
• the guide pin 2 has a guide shaft 15 and a pin head 16 which has a larger diameter than the guide shaft 15
• the disk set 5 is provided with a bore 17 through which the bolt head 16 is guided.
• the connection between the plate pack 5 and the bolt head 16 is made by a soldered connection, which will be described in more detail below.
• the bolt head 16 is dimensioned such that it projects beyond the plane of the top cover plate 3 at least on the side facing away from the guide shaft 15.
• the projection of the bolt head 16 over the plane of the cover plate 3 can serve on the one hand as a contact surface for a bolt-shaped transmission element.
• the part of the bolt head 16 projecting beyond the plane of the cover plate 3 is also important for the connection of the anchor plate 1 to the guide bolt.
• the protrusion of the bolt head 16 is provided with a chamfer 18, onto which a solder 19, for example in the form of a solder, is inserted after the bolt head 16 has been pushed through the bore 17 in the anchor plate Ring is put on.
• the solder is based on copper. After the application of the solder 19, the entire armature is heated to a temperature which is above the melting temperature of the solder 19, so that the liquid solder shoots in the contact area between the bolt head on the one hand and the wall of the bore 17 on the other hand during melting.
• the anchor can then be cooled and the guide bolt hardened.
• the armature is heated at least once to the tempering temperature for the steel material of the guide pin 2 and kept at this temperature for a predetermined time and then completely cooled.
• This makes it possible to firmly connect the anchor consisting of two components with different material properties, namely a hardenable steel material for the guide bolt and a soft magnetic iron material for the anchor, whereby the steel material can be hardened to the desired quality after the soldering process.
• the embodiment acc. 8 shows a modification in that the bolt head 16 is provided with a circumferential groove 20 on its cylindrical circumferential surface.
• solder is introduced into the groove 20 and then the bolt head 16 is inserted into the bore 17 of the anchor plate 1. The heat treatment described above then takes place again.
• the inner wall of the bore 17 is not smooth due to the lamellar structure of the lamella stack, but instead is provided with narrow gaps practically over the entire circumference, it may be expedient to provide both a chamfer 18 and a groove 20 and to apply solder in both areas, so as to achieve the amount of solder required for the connection in the entire contact area between the bolt head 16 and bring the wall of the bore 17.
• the sheet metal fins 6 and the cover sheets 3, 4 are expediently produced from a sheet with a sheet thickness of, for example, 0.35 mm.
• the total thickness of the anchor plate is, for example, 4.5 mm.
• FIG. 10 shows the application of the punch package to a yoke body of an electromagnetic actuator.
• the electromagnetic actuator shown is essentially formed by two electromagnets 22 and 23, which are enclosed by two housing parts 24.1 and 24.2, which in turn are arranged at a distance from one another via a housing part 24.3 designed as a spacer part and are aligned with one another with their pole faces 25 .
• an armature 26 is arranged, which is guided to move back and forth via a guide pin 2 in a guide 27.
• the armature 26 has a rectangular basic shape.
• Its anchor plate 1 is made, for example, in a conventional manner from soft magnetic iron material.
• the anchor plate 1 can, however, also be made of sheet metal, as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9.
• the armature 26 is connected to a return spring 8 via a guide pin 28.
• the other, lower free end 30 of the guide pin 2 is supported on an actuator, for example the free end of the shaft 31 of a gas exchange valve, which is guided in the cooled cylinder head 32 of a piston internal combustion engine, which is only indicated here.
• a return spring 33 By means of a return spring 33, the gas exchange acted upon valve in the closing direction, the return spring 33 and the return spring 29 are directed towards each other in their direction of force, so that when the electromagnet is de-energized, the armature plate 1 correspondingly assumes its rest position between the two pole faces 25 of the two electromagnets 22 and 23, as shown in FIG Fig. 10 is shown.
• the housing parts 24.1, 24.2 and 24.3 are connected to one another to form a full housing and to the cylinder head 32 via a standing surface 36 via connecting means, for example the indicated tensioning screws 34.
• the two electromagnets 22 and 23 each have a parallelepiped-shaped yoke body 37, which is composed of a large number of thin metal plates 37.1.
• the yoke body 37 is each provided with two parallel groove-shaped recesses 40 (cf. FIG. 11), into which a coil 39 shaped as a rectangular ring with two parallel legs is inserted.
• the metal plates of the yoke body 37 run perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and are firmly connected to one another. The connection is preferred
• Sheet metal lamellae by means of a punched package, as also described above for the manufacture of the anchor plate 1 and shown in FIG. 10 in partial section of the yoke body 37 of the electromagnet 23 and in FIG. 11 in a top view of a lamella.
• the yoke body 37 of both electromagnets are each enclosed by the housing parts 24.1 and 24.2 made of a non-magnetic material and, as can be seen in FIG. 1, in such a way that in the case of the cuboid basic shape of the yoke body 37, the end faces each of the coil 39 are included, including the coil 39 are completely embedded, but protrude laterally with their two long sides.
• the side surfaces of the yoke body 37 can be exposed.
• the materials that can preferably be used are pourable or sprayable materials, such as, for example, temperature-resistant plastics, aluminum, and also aluminum compounds. Settlements that reduce eddy current formation.
• FIG. 11 shows a plan in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 10 on a sheet metal plate 37.1 of the yoke body 37 of one of the two electromagnets 22 or 23.
• the plan shows the position of the embossments 6.1 as an example. It can be seen that in the area which is loaded by the impact of the armature 26 and which is adjacent to the pole faces 25 and in the area which forms the back 41 of the yoke body 37, the sheet metal lamellae which are adjacent to one another are stiffened by the action of force in the direction of the arrow 42.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Electromagnets (AREA)
• Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
• Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
• Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
• Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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• 1999
  • 1999-02-05 DE DE19904634A patent/DE19904634A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2000
  • 2000-02-02 WO PCT/EP2000/000833 patent/WO2000046490A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 2000-02-02 DE DE50010267T patent/DE50010267D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-02-02 EP EP00906270A patent/EP1070198B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-02-02 AT AT00906270T patent/ATE295473T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-02-02 JP JP2000597540A patent/JP2002536826A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-02-02 DE DE10080256T patent/DE10080256D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related

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