EP1063104B1 - Device and method for treating sheet edges - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a device for processing sheet edges in the manufacture of books according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for processing sheet edges according to the preamble of claim 13 (as also in US-A-1 642 866 shown).

Bookbinding uses a variety of methods depending on whether hardcover books, soft end-to-end books, paperbacks, or softcover books are produced. However, all these methods, aside from thread stitching or thread sealing, have in common that the individual sheets or book pages in the back, i. at the edge of the sheet, must be glued. For this, the sheet edges are prepared, i. roughened, so that the adhesive penetrates something into the paper fiber to ensure the best possible adhesion of the adhesive. When using folds beyond this fold must be cut open. It is desirable to expose the paper fibers as gently as possible, so that the fibers lie together in the composite and are solidified with each other by additives and / or adhesives.

There are already some generic methods for processing paper edges known, eg DE 196 39 574 A1 . DE 35 36 058 A1 . DE 36 01 187 A1 . US 37 06 252 A . DE-OS 24 16 460 . DE 39 36 186 A1 . AT 182 703 and the DE 27 19 402 A1 ,

All currently known methods are based on a back or edge edge machining, which essentially consists of a tool platform rotatable on an axis in the form of a disk or metal cross or the like. exists, which is equipped with small knives, grooved pins or other teeth and rotates parallel to the lower edge of the sheet. This tool platform or the axis of rotation is operatively connected to a motor, which rotates depending on the tool configuration in a particular case at a relatively high speed, but at least exerts a significant force on the book block to capture all leaf edges to be processed. The book block is in a book block tongs with a certain paper notice, usually 7 to 15mm, taken which .. compresses the individual sheets. It is necessary that the book block is held as accurately as possible, in an individual case with a deviation of millimeter fractions in position. However, due to the large force required for blade edge processing exerted by the tooling platform on the book block, extremely high nipper pressure is required to hold the book block in place. The harder the paper is, as is the case, for example, with coated or otherwise treated papers, the greater the forceps pressing must be. Especially in the processing of coated papers, however, the pliers pressing is often no longer sufficient and can not be technically enlarged.

Since the book block is during the processing of the sheet edges at right angles to the tool, the block notice, especially in smaller machines, with a counterweight, for example. A kind of "counter-blade", held in shape.

The setting of the book block pliers and the counterweight must also be set again and again, depending on the block thickness of the various book block to be edited, consuming.

The gluing of the sheet stack to a book block is still different after the use of the adhesive. In hot processing, known as hotmelt, hot glues, including adhesives based on polyamide or polyurethane are processed, for example. In the so-called "two shot process" or other methods. The hot processing is based essentially on the clamping effect after cooling of the hot glue. In the cold processing cold glues, so-called dispersion adhesives are used. These are generally two-phase dispersions, wherein always an aqueous phase is present. The cold glue binding is essentially based on the fact that the aqueous phase seeps into the prepared sheet edge. Due to the proportion of water on the one hand and the capillary-active composite of the paper on the other hand, penetration forces arise, which ensure that the adhesive penetrates into the leaf edges. The prerequisite for this physical process, however, is the best possible back machining, in which the paper fibers are gently exposed. Especially with the use of aqueous dispersions, it must not come to adhesive enemas, due to, for example, a too laborious back machining.

In general, cold processing is preferred because the books so bound exhibit better flatness than the heat-treated books in which the stapling action of the hot glue prevents the spine from flattening when the book is opened

However, practice shows that it comes in the known methods to undesirable side effects. The tools have a short lifespan because they always work the book block with the same cutting edge or cutting surface. After the service life has expired, the individual tools must be removed from the tool platform and replaced with new or freshly ground ones. In the case of, for example, 30 knives per tool, the assembly represents a certain expense. The removed paper remnants are ejected horizontally in an uncontrolled manner. Contact with the hotmelt causes faster coking. It comes to a "gluing" with oiled or greased machine parts. Cleaning is extremely difficult or almost impossible. Therefore, to remove the paper remnants particularly large extraction systems are required, which cause a high noise pollution. The known methods work sparing resource.

The book notice is deflected following the direction of rotation of the tool. The book block itself is loaded laterally over the entire width enormously, because the tool in principle only the front, or in the case of opposing tools, the rear sheet cuts or rips and is then pressed like a plow through the paper stack. These, as already mentioned, huge engines are required, which work with an unpleasant high noise level. Further, since the tool always works parallel to the book block bottom edge, the exposed fibers are also deformed in parallel, i. deflected to the side. This complicates the application of the glue and reduces the strength of the bond.

Due to the force acting on the spines high force not only a part of the lower edge of the sheet is removed, but also loosely located in the immediate vicinity of the fiber remote fiber composite, but this is not desirable.

After editing and gluing the sheet edges, the book block passes through one or more processing stations that cut, roughen, or level the book block.

The same principles apply and the same problems as described for the preparation and bonding of the leaf edges result.

The object of the present invention is thus to provide a method and an apparatus of the above-mentioned. To provide species that do not have the disadvantages described and allow a gentle, uniform blade edge processing without great burden of the book block.

The solution consists in a device having the features of claim 1 and in a method having the features of claim 13.

The present invention is therefore based on a completely different design principle. Individual Frässcheiben are next to each other with a small distance from each other on at least two paired axle systems with receiving axes for one or more Frässcheiben. The axle systems are mounted so that each pair is parallel to the lower edge of the block or to the leaf edges, but arranged in opposite directions to each other. The axle systems of each pair are angled at an angle to one another. As viewed in the direction of the forceps, the at least one left axis of each pair rotates clockwise and the at least right axis of each pair rotates counterclockwise.

With the milling discs of the left axle system of each pair so only the first few, z. Ex. 2 to 3 mm, edited the paper notice of the book block, which is thereby slightly to the right, ie towards the middle of the block, pressed. With the milling discs of the right axis system of each pair, the remaining area of the paper notice is simultaneously processed and thus slightly pushed to the left, ie in turn to the center of the block. The rear milling discs of each axle system work the central areas of the spine, where no significant distraction takes place.

As a result, each mill only processes a small part of the book block and does not have to slide through the entire book block. This results in a lower force, which means that the pliers pressing can be reduced. Furthermore, there is less noise pollution.

The peripheral speed of the milling discs is dimensioned so that there is a significant removal of the lower edge of the blade. Thus, an exposure of the fiber is achieved and an easing of the immediate Environment of a fiber prevented. There is no hitting or tearing of the sheet edges. The position of the outermost cutting discs also corresponds to the maximum book block thickness to be processed.

By the angle of attack of the cutting discs is ensured that no paper waste is discharged into the environment outside the device according to the invention. The paper removal is not "printed" as in the prior art over the entire book block width, but according to the radius of the milling disc immediately after engagement of the cutting device down, usually transported away at an angle of about 135 degrees. This is effected by the fact that the milling discs do not run parallel to the book block as the tools known in the prior art, but work perpendicular to the book block edge. As a result, the paper removal is taken radially and discharged with the air flow down. In addition, the exposed fibers are brushed down and not forward or backward as in the prior art, so that they stand upright and are optimally prepared for gluing.

The number and the distance of the cutting discs depend in the individual case on the type of back processing, e.g. Cutting, milling, roughening or leveling, of the selected diameter and thickness and the number of cutting devices per Frässcheiben. The arrangement of the cutting discs, as well as the choice of a certain speed compared to the caliper speed, a uniform, flat removal of the sheet edges is achieved The diameter of the cutting discs and the height of the removed paper are proportional to each other, since the paper removal by attack of the cutting devices on Zenith of the milling disc takes place. Sheet edges prepared in this way are optimally prepared for the gluing, which works with adhesives that can penetrate and thus requires a corresponding adhesion between the sheet edges. But it is also possible to vary these parameters such that the book block instead of a continuous surface is given a certain profile or a gearing. Such sheet edges are optimally prepared for gluing by hot processing. Here, the profile serves as an additional anchoring in the adhesive bed.

The advantages of the invention are therefore that the processed paper notice is deflected in two, but opposite directions and thereby cancel them. By the special Arrangement of the recording axes to each other eliminates the counterweight or the counter-blade. Due to the special arrangement of the milling discs only a small forceps pressing is required.

The glue can be applied parallel to the book fiber, as is desirable for optimal adhesion of the cover. Furthermore, there are also advantages in the processing of papers with line, since no lateral deflection of the paper notice takes place more and thus the milling discs capture the paper fibers and not only the line, so that a better penetration of the fibers with glue and thus better adhesion of the envelope possible are.

Due to the possible variable arrangement of several such equipped with cutting discs recording axes in a row, different methods for processing of sheet edges, for. Ex. Different high removal, roughening or leveling be realized. Furthermore, the service life of the milling discs is much longer than in the devices known in the prior art, since the attack surfaces of the tools by the self-rotation is constantly changing. In addition, no single Fräsblätter need to be replaced, but only the receiving axes and the machining shafts are replaced, which is technically much easier. An excessive heat development on the cutting tool is avoided.

Advantageous developments emerge from the subclaims.

A first embodiment of the present invention provides that at least two receiving axes which are arranged in pairs at an angle and at an angle to one another and are rotatable relative to one another are provided, which are equipped with two or more cutting disks. The left axis rotates clockwise and the right axis rotates counterclockwise.

A second embodiment of the present invention provides that instead at least three pairs of synchronously driven smaller axes are provided which are arranged parallel to the running direction of the book block, the two axes of each pair being counterrotatable to each other and each axis being single Milling tool is equipped. Also in this embodiment of the invention, the left axis of each pair rotates clockwise and the right axis of each pair rotates counterclockwise.

In the embodiment with at least one pair of axes equipped with a plurality of cutting disks, it is particularly preferable to use a pair of two axes which are arranged at an angle at an angle to one another. When viewed in the direction of forceps, the left axis rotates clockwise and the right axis rotates counterclockwise. A further advantageous embodiment provides that each axis of a pair is separated, but driven uniformly, for example. By electric motors by means of a belt drive.

The right axle system is preferably mounted at an angle of about 3 to 12 degrees from the center to the left and the left axle system at an angle of about 10 to 25 degrees from the middle of the night right. The degrees mentioned here are determined by the length of the tool, i. the axes, the caliper speed and the maximum book block width to be processed with the device according to the invention.

The diameter of the milling discs can be, for example, 10 to 50 mm. Per milling disc can be provided 50 to 80 teeth, which may additionally have a grinding angle of, for example, 30 degrees. Teeth with a sharpened angle allow a larger area of the leaf edges to be neatly separated. The milling discs touch the book block edge only at its zenith. Thus, the wear is reduced because the attack surface of the milling discs is kept low and constantly changes due to the rotation.

The length of the axis systems can vary and depends on the correlation between the adjustment angle and the maximum book thickness. The length assembly is preferably offset. At the same angle of 5 degrees z. For example, the right axle system of a pair is preferably many times longer than the left axle system. This ratio changes with changed adjustment angles. The shorter the axle systems are, the more power is applied to each cutter disc. The milling discs on the shorter, for example, left-hand axle system can have more teeth than those on the longer, for example, right-hand axle system. The shorter axis system may have, for example, 3 to 5 milling disks and the longer axle system 9 to 12 milling disks at an angle to the vertical of 3 to 12 degrees (longer axle system) and 10 to 25 degrees (shorter axle system). In this case, the rear cutting discs of the longer axis system will work the central areas of the spine, where there is no significant distraction.

A further advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention provides that it is infinitely variable in height via a corresponding mounting unit or that several cutting tools are arranged in the direction of forceps in succession with increasing height. Thus, the operator has the ability to determine the amount of paper removal itself and adapt to the requirements of the case.

The device according to the invention can be provided with a suction device, so that the processing of the book block takes place under negative pressure. This and additionally by the angle of attack of the cutting discs ensures that no paper waste is discharged into the environment outside of the device according to the invention. In addition, the device according to the invention may be arranged in a closed housing, such that only at the top of the housing for the book passage is opened according to the book block thickness. This housing can be connected in a particularly advantageous manner at the lower end of the suction device.

In the following the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figur 1

eine schematische Draufsicht auf ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Schneidwerkzeugs mit zwei Achsen;

Figur 2

eine schematische Ansicht von vorne auf das Schneidwerkzeug aus Figur 1;

Figur 3

eine schematische Darstellung der Bearbeitung eines Buchblocks mit dem Schneidwerkzeug aus Figur 1;

Figur 4

eine schematische Darstellung des Standes der Technik;

Figur 5

eine schematische Draufsicht auf ein zweites Aussführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Schneidwerkzeugs mit zwei Achssystemen aus mehreren Achsen.

Show it:

FIG. 1

a schematic plan view of a first embodiment of a cutting tool according to the invention with two axes;

FIG. 2

a schematic view from the front of the cutting tool FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3

a schematic representation of the processing of a book block with the cutting tool FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 4

a schematic representation of the prior art;

FIG. 5

a schematic plan view of a second exemplary embodiment of a cutting tool according to the invention with two axis systems of several axes.

The structure and function of a first embodiment of the cutting tool 10 according to the invention will be apparent from the FIGS. 1 to 3 , The cutting tool 10 has two receiving axes 20 and 30. The longer receiving axis 20 is arranged in the direction L of the book block 2 to the right of the book block at an angle α of 11.6 degrees to the vertical and has 12 milling discs 21 with cutting teeth 22. It turns in the direction of arrow A counterclockwise. The shorter receiving axis 30 is arranged in the direction L of the book block 2 to the left of the book block and offset from the longer recording axis 20 at an angle β of 13.3 degrees to the vertical and has 3 Frässcheiben 31 with cutting teeth 32. It turns in the direction of arrow B in a clockwise direction. The cutting teeth 22, 32 are ground in accordance with the installation position and according to the direction of rotation of the receiving axes on the front side at an angle of about 30 degrees. The point of application of each cutter disk 21, 31 on the sheet edges 3 of the book block 2 is marked with P. The angle of the receiving axes 20, 30 and the angled offset of the two receiving axes 20, 30 to each other are chosen so that the first milling disc of the left receiving axis 30 and the second milling disc of the right axis in their zenith P the maximum distance of the book block surface to be machined, ie the block thickness, define. In this case, the rear milling discs of the longer receiving axis 20 machine the central portions of the book block 2. FIG. 5 shows schematically and not to scale a second embodiment of the present invention. In this case, the cutting tool 100 has two axle systems 200 and 300 with numerous receiving axes 200 'and 300'. The here longer axis system 200 is in the running direction L of the book block 2 arranged to the right of the book block at an angle α to the vertical and has 9 milling discs 210 with Fraszähnen 220. The axes 200 'rotate in the direction of arrow A counterclockwise. The here shorter axle system 300 is arranged in the direction L of the book block 2 left of the book block and offset to the longer axis system 200 at an angle β to the vertical and has 5 Frässcheiben 310 with cutting teeth 320. The axes 300 'rotate in the direction of arrow B in a clockwise direction. The cutting teeth 220, 320 are ground in accordance with the installation position and according to the direction of rotation of the receiving axes 200 ', 300' on the front side at an angle of about 30 degrees. The point of application of each cutter disk 210, 310 on the sheet edges 3 of the book block 2 is marked with P. The angle of the Achssyteme 200, 300 and the angled offset of the receiving axes 200 ', 300' to each other are chosen so that the first cutter of the left axle 300 and the fourth milling cutter of the right axle 200 at its zenith P the maximum distance of the book block surface to be processed , ie the block thickness, define. The arrangement of the axle systems 200, 300 can of course also those of the axes 20, 30 in FIG. 1 correspond.

The sheet edges 3 of the book block 2 are thus guided over a cutting tool, which consists of at least two axis systems with opposite direction of rotation. These axle systems are parallel to the book block. Each individual picking axis is fitted with a milling disc. With respect to the book block, the axis systems are arranged to offset one another at an angle of e.g. three degrees or more, without the milling discs touching each other.

As a rule, the device according to the invention operates at a speed of the milling disks of 6,000 to 10,000 rpm. This achieves a clean, clearly demarcated separation of the paper fiber. In addition, damage (loosening of the fiber composite) of the adjacent fibers is avoided. The peripheral speed of the cutting discs is continuously adjustable in the embodiment and can thus be optimally adapted to the paper material of the book block.

Out FIG. 3 It can be seen that the direction of rotation of the receiving axes 20, 30 has the effect that the paper waste 4 inside, ie between the receiving axes through, are thrown down so that they in the lower part of the device, for example. A single-handed machine, collected or sucked can be.

The prior art shows FIG. 4 , In the conventional cutting tools such as the schematic in FIG. 4 indicated Frässcheibe the book block 2 is deflected to the side, so that the paper fibers are exposed only incompletely at the sheet edges. The paper waste 4 fly away to the side where they are harder to catch.

Claims (15)

1. A device for processing sheet edges (3) in the manufacture of books, comprising at least one cutting tool (10; 100) for processing said sheet edges (3) of a book block (2) moving over said cutting tool (10; 100) such that paper fibres become exposed along said sheet edges (3), characterized in that said cutting tool (10; 100) comprises at least two axle systems (20, 30; 200, 300) arranged in pairs and inclined to each other at a setting angle and having accommodating axles (20, 30; 200', 300') which are rotatable in directions opposite to each other, wherein said accommodating axles (30; 300') arranged on the left hand side of said book block, when viewed in the running direction (L) of said book block (2), are rotatable in the clockwise direction and said accommodating axles (20, 200') arranged on the right hand side of said book block, when viewed in the running direction (L) of said book block (2), are rotatable in the counter clockwise direction and wherein each accommodating axle (20, 30; 200', 300') is equipped with one or more milling discs (21, 31; 210, 310) comprising cutting means (22, 32; 220, 320) at their outer circumference.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that each axle system (200, 300) comprises at least two synchronously driven accommodating axles (200', 300') oriented in parallel to the running direction, wherein each of said accommodating axles (200', 300') is equipped with a milling disc (210, 310) and wherein the accommodating axles (200', 300') of any axle system are arranged offset to each other.
3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said cutting tool (10) comprises at least two accommodating axles (20, 30) arranged in pairs and inclined to each other at a setting angle and being rotatable in directions opposite to each other, wherein said accommodating axles (20, 30) are equipped with at least two milling discs (21, 31).
4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that said cutting tool (10) comprises just one pair of accommodating axles (20, 30).
5. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said axle systems (30; 300) on the left hand side are shorter than said axle systems (20; 200) on the right hand side and/or that said axle systems (20, 30; 200, 300) are arranged offset to each other and/or that the numbers of teeth per milling disc on said accommodating axles are different.
6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the longer axle systems (20; 200) are arranged at an angle in the range from 3 to 12 degrees and that the shorter axle systems (30; 300) are arranged at an angle in the range from 10 to 25 degrees.
7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that said axle systems (20; 30) located on the right hand side of said book block (2) are arranged at an angle in the range from 3 to 12 degrees to the left and that said axle systems (30; 300) located on the left hand side of said book block (2) are arranged at an angle from 10 to 25 degrees to the right.
8. The device according to one of the claims 3 to 7, characterized in that a separate drive, in particular a belt drive, is provided for each accommodating axle (20, 30) of any pair.
9. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diameter of said milling discs (21, 31; 210, 310) lies in the range from 10 to 50 mm.
10. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for each milling disc (21, 31; 210, 310) 50 to 80 teeth are provided as a cutting means (22, 32; 220, 320), preferably at a milling angle of 30 degrees.
11. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the height of said cutting tool (10; 100) is continuously adjustable or that a plurality of cutting tools (10; 100) are successively arranged with increasing height in the running direction (L) of the book block (2).
12. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that said cutting tool comprises a suction means for removing the paper waste created during the processing of the sheet edges (3).
13. A method for processing the sheet edges (3) in the manufacture of books, wherein said sheet edges (3) of a book block (2) are guided over at least one cutting tool (10; 100) such that paper fibres become exposed along said sheet edges (3), characterized in that a device comprising at least one cutting tool (10; 100) according to one of the claims 1 to 12 is employed.
14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the arrangement of the milling discs (21, 31; 210, 310) and the circumferential velocity of said accommodating axles (20, 30; 200', 300') are selected such that the sheet edges (3) of said book block (2) may selectively be plane-processed or that a profile is incorporated therein.
15. The method according to one of the claims 13 to 14, characterized in that a vacuum is applied to said cutting tool.

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