CA2312232C - Device and method for working the edges of pages - Google Patents
Device and method for working the edges of pages Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2312232C CA2312232C CA 2312232 CA2312232A CA2312232C CA 2312232 C CA2312232 C CA 2312232C CA 2312232 CA2312232 CA 2312232 CA 2312232 A CA2312232 A CA 2312232A CA 2312232 C CA2312232 C CA 2312232C
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- Prior art keywords
- inner book
- axles
- sheet edges
- further characterized
- cutting tool
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42C—BOOKBINDING
- B42C9/00—Applying glue or adhesive peculiar to bookbinding
- B42C9/0006—Applying glue or adhesive peculiar to bookbinding by applying adhesive to a stack of sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42C—BOOKBINDING
- B42C19/00—Multi-step processes for making books
- B42C19/08—Conveying between operating stations in machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42C—BOOKBINDING
- B42C5/00—Preparing the edges or backs of leaves or signatures for binding
- B42C5/04—Preparing the edges or backs of leaves or signatures for binding by notching or roughening
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Milling Processes (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Details Of Cutting Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention concerns a device (1) for machining sheet edges (3) during bookmaking, with at least one cutting tool (10) for machining the sheet edges (3) of an inner book (2) running across the cutting tool (10), such that paper fibers are exposed along the sheet edges (3). The invention provides that the cutting tool (10) has at least two axles (20, 30) arranged in pairs at a slanting position angle to each other and turning in opposite directions, wherein the axles (30) arranged to the left of the inner book in the direction of travel (L) of the inner book (2) can turn clockwise and the axles (20) arranged to the right of the inner book in the direction of travel (L) of the inner book (2) can turn counterclockwise, and wherein each axle (20, 30) is outfitted with one or more milling disks (21, 31), which have cutting devices (22, 32) on their outer circumference. Moreover, the present invention concerns a method for operating such a device.
Description
Device and Method for Working the Edges of Pages Specification The present invention concerns a device for working the edges of pages in the manufacture of books, as well as a method for working page edges.
In bookbinding, different methods are distinguished by whether the production concerns books with hardcover, books with continuous soft-cover, pocket books or books with soft-cover. However, apart from the thread stitching or bonding, what all these methods have in common is that the individual sheets or book pages need to be glued in the spine, i.e., at one edge of the sheet. For this, the sheet edges are prepared, i.e., roughened up, so that the adhesive can penetrate somewhat into the paper fibers in order to guarantee the best possible adhesion of the glue. Furthermore, when using folded plies, this fold must be cut open. It is desirable to expose the paper fibers in the most gentle way possible, so that the fibers are joined to each other and fastened together by aggregates and/or adhesives.
Several methods of this kind are already known for the working of paper edges, for example, DE 196-39,574 Al; DE 3,536,058 Al; DE 3,601,187 Al; US
3,706,252 A; DE-OS [unexamined] 2,416,460; DE 3,936,186 Al; AT 182,703 and DE 2,719,402 Al.
In bookbinding, different methods are distinguished by whether the production concerns books with hardcover, books with continuous soft-cover, pocket books or books with soft-cover. However, apart from the thread stitching or bonding, what all these methods have in common is that the individual sheets or book pages need to be glued in the spine, i.e., at one edge of the sheet. For this, the sheet edges are prepared, i.e., roughened up, so that the adhesive can penetrate somewhat into the paper fibers in order to guarantee the best possible adhesion of the glue. Furthermore, when using folded plies, this fold must be cut open. It is desirable to expose the paper fibers in the most gentle way possible, so that the fibers are joined to each other and fastened together by aggregates and/or adhesives.
Several methods of this kind are already known for the working of paper edges, for example, DE 196-39,574 Al; DE 3,536,058 Al; DE 3,601,187 Al; US
3,706,252 A; DE-OS [unexamined] 2,416,460; DE 3,936,186 Al; AT 182,703 and DE 2,719,402 Al.
All currently known methods start with a working of the spine or sheet edges, basically consisting of a tool platform in the form of a disk or metal cross or the like, which can turn on an axis, and which is outfitted with tiny blades, grooved pins, or other teeth, and which turns parallel to the lower edge of the sheet.
This tool platform o r its axis of rotation is coupled to a motor, which, depending on the particular tool configuration, revolves at relatively high speed, yet exerts a considerable force on the inner book in order to grasp all of the sheet edges being worked. The inner book is held in a clamp with a particular paper overhang, generally 7 to 15 mm, pressing together the individual sheets. It is necessary for the inner book to be held in position as accurately as possible, usually with deviation of only fractions of a millimeter. However, due to the large force needed to work the sheet edges, exerted by the tool platform on the inner book, an extremely high clamping pressure is required to maintain the inner book in position. The harder the paper, as is the case with coated or otherwise treated paper, the larger the clamping pressure must be. Especially when working with coated papers, however, the clamping pressure is often no longer sufficient, nor can it be further increased by technical means.
Since the inner book makes a right angle to the tool during the working of the sheet edges, the overhang must be maintained in form by a counterweight, such as a type of "counterblade", especially in the case of smaller machines.
This tool platform o r its axis of rotation is coupled to a motor, which, depending on the particular tool configuration, revolves at relatively high speed, yet exerts a considerable force on the inner book in order to grasp all of the sheet edges being worked. The inner book is held in a clamp with a particular paper overhang, generally 7 to 15 mm, pressing together the individual sheets. It is necessary for the inner book to be held in position as accurately as possible, usually with deviation of only fractions of a millimeter. However, due to the large force needed to work the sheet edges, exerted by the tool platform on the inner book, an extremely high clamping pressure is required to maintain the inner book in position. The harder the paper, as is the case with coated or otherwise treated paper, the larger the clamping pressure must be. Especially when working with coated papers, however, the clamping pressure is often no longer sufficient, nor can it be further increased by technical means.
Since the inner book makes a right angle to the tool during the working of the sheet edges, the overhang must be maintained in form by a counterweight, such as a type of "counterblade", especially in the case of smaller machines.
The adjustment of the inner book clamp and the counterweight must also be readjusted in time-consuming fashion, depending on the thickness of the different inner books being processed.
When gluing the stack of sheets to form an inner book, a further distinction is drawn according to the use of the adhesive. In the hot method, known as hot melt, one works with hot glue, such as adhesives based on polyamide or polyurethane, such as the "two shot method" or other methods. The hot method basically relies on the clamping effect after the hardening of the hot glue.
In the cold method, cold glues or "dispersion adhesives" are used. These are generally two-phase dispersions, and a water phase is always present. Cold glue binding is essentially based on the fact that the water phase seeps into the prepared edge of the sheet. The water component, on the one hand, and the capillary-active paper adhesion, on the other hand, produce penetration forces that ensure that the adhesive penetrates into the sheet edges. However, this physical process requires the best possible processing of the spine, during which the paper fibers are exposed in a gentle way. Especially when using aqueous dispersions, there should be no glue inroads, caused by excessively forceful working of the spine, for example.
In general, cold processing is preferable, since books bound in this way lie flat better than those bound by hot processing, in which the clamping action of the hot glue hinders the spine from lying flat when the book is opened.
When gluing the stack of sheets to form an inner book, a further distinction is drawn according to the use of the adhesive. In the hot method, known as hot melt, one works with hot glue, such as adhesives based on polyamide or polyurethane, such as the "two shot method" or other methods. The hot method basically relies on the clamping effect after the hardening of the hot glue.
In the cold method, cold glues or "dispersion adhesives" are used. These are generally two-phase dispersions, and a water phase is always present. Cold glue binding is essentially based on the fact that the water phase seeps into the prepared edge of the sheet. The water component, on the one hand, and the capillary-active paper adhesion, on the other hand, produce penetration forces that ensure that the adhesive penetrates into the sheet edges. However, this physical process requires the best possible processing of the spine, during which the paper fibers are exposed in a gentle way. Especially when using aqueous dispersions, there should be no glue inroads, caused by excessively forceful working of the spine, for example.
In general, cold processing is preferable, since books bound in this way lie flat better than those bound by hot processing, in which the clamping action of the hot glue hinders the spine from lying flat when the book is opened.
Practice shows, however, that there are undesirable side effects in the known methods. The tools have short lifetimes, since they are always working the inner book with the same cutting edge or cutting surface. At the end of their lifetime, the individual tools must be taken off the tool platform and replaced with new or freshly sharpened ones. With 30 blades or so per tool, the assembly process takes some time. The paper cutting scraps are flung out horizontally in an uncontrolled manner. A rapid charring occurs upon contact with the hot glue.
Oily or greasy machine parts become "gummed up". Cleaning is extremely difficult, if not impossible. Therefore, especially large exhaust systems are needed to remove the paper scraps, which produce a heavy noise load. The known methods are not very sparing of resources.
The book overhang is deflected in the direction of turning of the tool. The inner book itself is always under enormous sideways stress over the entire width, because the tool in principle only cuts or rips the front sheet, or the back sheet in the case of opposed tools, and is then pushed like a plow through the paper stack. This requires, as already noted, powerful motors that work with an unpleasantly high noise level.
Due to the large force acting on the book spine, not only is a portion of the lower edge of the sheet removed, but also the fiber assemblage in the immediate vicinity of the removed fibers is loosened up, which is not desirable.
After the sheet edges are worked and glued, the inner book goes through one or more processing stations for cutting, roughening, or equalizing the inner book.
The same principles apply here and the same problems occur as have been described for the working and gluing of the sheet edges.
The object of the present invention thus consists in furnishing a method and a device of the above-named kind, which do not have the described disadvantages and which enable a sparing, uniform working of the sheet edges without major stress on the inner book.
In accordance with a preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided a device for processing of sheet edges in bookmaking, with at least one cutting tool for processing the sheet edges of an inner book running across the cutting tool such that paper fibers are exposed along the sheet edges, characterized in that the cutting tool has at least two axles arranged slanting at an angle to each other and turning in opposite directions, wherein the axles arranged to the left of the inner book in the direction of travel (L) of the inner book turn clockwise and the axles arranged to the right of the inner book in the direction (L) of travel of the inner book turn counterclockwise, and wherein each axle is outfitted with one or more milling disks, which have cutting devices on their outer circumference.
5a In accordance with another preferred embodiment, there is provided a device for processing of sheet edges in bookmaking, with at least one cutting tool for processing the sheet edges of an inner book running across the cutting tool such that paper fibers are exposed along the sheet edges, characterized in that the cutting tool has at least two pairs of axle systems arranged slanting at an angle to each other, with several uptake axles turning in opposite directions, whereby the uptake axles arranged to the left of the inner book in the direction of travel (L) of inner book turn clockwise and the uptake axles arranged to the right of the inner book in the direction of travel (L) of inner book turn counterclockwise and wherein each uptake axle is outfitted with one milling disk, which have cutting devices on their outer circumference.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment, there is provided a method for machining the sheet edges during bookmaking, wherein the sheet edges of an inner book are moved across at least one cutting tool, so that paper fibers are exposed along the sheet edges, characterized in that a cutting tool in accordance with the above embodiment is used.
In yet another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided an inner book clamp for use with the device in accordance with the above, which has a stationary stopping surface and a movable stopping surface, which are joined 5b together by at least two axles, wherein the movable stopping surface can be moved along the axles, characterized in that toothed racks are provided at the ends of the axles assigned to the movable stopping surface, which interact with a pinion so that the movable stopping surface is adapted to be moved by activating the pinion.
In another aspect, there is provided a drive unit for an inner book clamp noted above, characterized in that the drive unit has a motor-operated threaded spindle, traveling parallel to the trajectory (B) of the inner book clamp, and a spindle nut, traveling on the threaded spindle and coupled to the inner book clamp.
Thus, the present invention starts from a totally different design principle.
Individual milling disks are mounted side by side with a slight spacing on at least two coupled axles. The axles are mounted such that each pair is arranged parallel to the lower edge of the inner book or to the sheet edges, but moving opposite to each other. The axles of each pair are arranged slanting at an angle to each other. Looking in the direction of the clamp, the left axle of each pair turns clockwise and the right axle counterclockwise.
Thus, the milling disks of the left axle of each pair will only work the first few, for example, 2-3 mm of the paper overhang of the inner book, which is therefore 5c pressed slightly to the right, i.e., toward the middle of the stack. At the same time, the milling disks of the right axle of each pair work the remaining surface of the paper overhang and thus force it slightly to the left, i.e., again toward the middle. The rear milling disks of each axle work the middle regions of the book spine, where no significant deflection occurs.
Accordingly, each milling disk only works a small portion of the inner book and does not have to slide through the entire inner book. The result is less force expended, so that the clamping pressure can also be reduced. Moreover, there is less noise. The circumferential velocity of the milling disks is such that a considerable cutting of the lower edge of the sheet occurs. This accomplishes an exposure of the fibers and prevents a loosening of the immediate vicinity of the fiber. No smashing or ripping of the sheet edges occurs.
The angle of attack of the milling disks ensures that no paper scraps fall outside the device according to the invention. The removed paper is not "pushed"
across the entire width of the inner book, as in the state of the art, but instead is transported downward immediately after the cutting device engages, depending on the radius of the milling disk, generally at an angle of around 135 degrees.
The number and the spacing of the milling disks depend on the type of working of the book spine, e.g., cutting, milling, roughening or equalizing, the chosen diameter and thickness, as well as the number of cutting devices per milling disk.
Thanks to the arrangement of the milling disks, as well as the choice of a particular speed as compared to the speed of the clamp, a uniform two-dimensional removal of the sheet edges is accomplished. The diameter of the milling disks and the height of the paper removed are proportional to each other, since the paper removal occurs by the attack of the cutting devices at the zenith of the milling disk. Sheet edges prepared in this way are optimal for gluing with penetration adhesives, which requires a corresponding adhesion between the sheet edges. However, it is also possible to vary these parameters so that instead of a continuous surface the inner book is given a particular profile or toothing. Such sheet edges are optimal for gluing by hot methods. In this case, the profile serves as an additional anchoring in the glue bed.
Thus, the advantages of the invention lie in the fact that the machined paper overhang is deflected in two opposite directions, which cancel each other out.
Thanks to the special mutual arrangement of the axles, there is no need for a counterweight or counterblade. Only a slight clamping pressure is required thanks to the special arrangement of the milling disks.
The glue can be applied parallel to the book fibers, as is desirable for optimal adhesion of the cover. Furthermore, there are also advantages when processing paper with scoring, since there is no longer any sideways deflection of the paper overhang and thus the milling disks reach the paper fibers, and not just the score, so that a better penetration of glue into the fibers and thus a better adhesion of the cover becomes possible.
Thanks to the possible variable arrangement of several such axles outfitted with milling disks one after the other, various methods of working the sheet edges can be accomplished, such as different amount of removal, roughening, or equalizing.
Furthermore, the lifetime of the milling disks is much longer than in the familiar devices of the prior art, since the attack surfaces of the tools constantly change as a result of their rotation. Moreover, it is not necessary to replace any additional milling blades, but only the axles or machining shafts, which is much easier to do. This also avoids an excessive evolution of heat at the cutting tool.
The paper removed by the milling disks is transported radially and discharged downward with the air flow.
Advantageous further configurations will result from the subclaims.
It is especially preferred to use a pair of two axles, slanting at an angle to each other. Looking in the direction of movement of the clamp, the left axle turns clockwise and the right axle counterclockwise.
The left axle is preferably mounted at an angle of around 3 to 12 degrees to the right of center and the right axle at an angle of around 10 to 25 degrees to the left of center. The numbers of degrees mentioned here will depend on the length of the tool, i.e., the axles, the speed of the clamp, and the maximum width of the inner book to be worked on by the device according to the invention.
Another advantageous configuration calls for each axle of a pair to be driven separately, but uniformly, e.g., by electric motors using a belt drive.
The diameter of the milling disks can be 10 to 50 mm, for example. There can be 50 to 80 teeth per milling disk, and these can additionally have a grinding angle of around 30 degrees. Teeth with a grinding angle can cleanly slice off a larger area of the sheet edges.
The length of the axles can vary and depends on the correlation between position angle and maximum book thickness. The lengths are preferably offset.
With the same position angle of 5 degrees, for example, the right axle of a pair is preferably a multiple longer than the left axle. This relationship will change when the position angle changes. The shorter the axles, the more force is exerted on each milling disk. The milling disks on the shorter, e.g., the left axle can have more teeth than those on the longer right axle. The shorter axle can have, for example, 3 milling disks and the longer axle 12 milling disks with a position angle of 11.6 degrees (longer axle) and 13.3 degrees (shorter axle) to the vertical.
In this case, the rear milling disks of the longer axle work the middle regions of the spine of the book, where no significant deflection occurs.
Another advantageous configuration of the device according to the invention calls for it to be continuously adjustable in height via a corresponding assembly unit, or several cutting devices to be arranged with increasing height one after the other in the direction of movement of the clamp. In this way, the operator himself can determine the amount of paper to be cut away and adapt to the requirements of the particular case.
The device according to the invention can be arranged in a closed housing, so that only the top side of the housing is open for the book to run through, depending on the thickness of the inner book. In a particularly advantageous manner, this housing can be connected to an evacuation device at the lower end, so that the processing of the inner book occurs under partial vacuum.
This, as well as the angle of attack of the milling disks, ensures that no paper gets into the surroundings outside the device according to the invention.
A second form of embodiment of the present invention provides that instead of two uptake axles arranged in pairs and slanting at an angle to each other and which can be turned in opposite directions, at least four smaller axles driven synchronously are arranged in pairs relative to one another, and these are arranged parallel to the direction of travel of the inner book, whereby the two axles of each pair can be rotated opposite one another and each axis is equipped with a milling tool. Also, in this configuration of the invention, the left axis of each pair rotates in the clockwise direction and the right axis of each pair in the counterclockwise direction.
Here also, the uptake axle of each pair of axles turning in the clockwise direction processes, with the milling disks, only the first few, for example, 2 to 3 mm of the paper overhang of the inner book, which is thus pushed slightly toward the right, thus to the middle of the stack. At the same time, the remaining surface of the paper overhang is processed with the milling disks of the uptake axles of each pair of axles rotating in the counterclockwise direction and thus is pushed slightly toward the left, thus also toward the middle of the stack. The milling disks of the back uptake axles process the central region of the book spine, where no particular deflection occurs.
Accordingly, here also, each milling disk processes only one small part of the inner book and thus must not slide across the entire inner book. A smaller expenditure of force results in this manner, from which it follows that the pressing force of the clamp can also be reduced. A lower level of noise also results.
The circumferential velocity of the milling disks is dimensioned such that there is a clear removal of scrap form of the lower edge of the sheet. Thus the fibers are exposed and a loosening up in the direct vicinity of one fiber is prevented.
No smashing or ripping of the sheet edges occurs. The position of the outermost uptake axle corresponds at the same time to the maximum thickness of the inner book to be processed. The circumferential velocity can be adjusted continuously in the two forms of embodiment and thus can be optimally adapted to the paper material of the inner book.
It is assured by the angle of attack of the milling disks in the two configurations that no paper scraps reach the surroundings outside the device according to the invention. The paper scraps are thus not "pushed" across the entire width of the inner book, as in the prior art, but, depending on the radius of the milling disks, are entrained radially immediately after engagement of the cutting device and transported off downward in the flow of air, usually at an angle of approximately 135 . This is effected by the fact that the milling disks do not travel parallel to the inner book as the tools known in the prior art, but operate more or less crosswise to the edges of the inner book. In this way, the paper that is cut away is transported downward. Also, the roughened fibers are brushed down and not to the front or back as in the prior art, so that they stand vertically and are optimally prepared for gluing.
The number and the distance between the uptake axles depends in each individual case on the type of spine processing, e.g., cutting, milling, roughening or equalizing, as well as the diameter and thickness that are selected. A
uniform, flat removal of the sheet edges is achieved by the arrangement of the uptake axles and milling disks, as well as by the selection of a specific speed in comparison to the clamp speed. The diameter of the milling disks and the height of the paper removed are proportional to one another, since the paper removal occurs by the attack of the cutting devices at the zenith of the milling disk, whereby each zenith is active only in the longitudinal direction of travel.
Sheet edges processed in this way are optimally prepared for gluing, which is conducted with penetration adhesives and thus requires a corresponding adhesion between the sheet edges. However, it is also possible to vary these parameters such that a certain profile or toothing is given to the inner book instead of a continuous surface. Such sheet edges are optimally processed for gluing by hot methods. Here, the profiling serves for an additional anchoring in the glue bed.
The advantages of the invention in the two configurations lie in the fact that the processed paper overhang is deflected in two opposite directions and is lifted up in this way. The counterweight or the counter blade is not needed due to the special arrangement of the uptake axles relative to one another. Only a small clamp pressing is required, due to the special arrangement of the milling disks.
The glue can be applied parallel to the book fibers, as is desired for optimal adhesion of the book cover. Further, advantages also result in the processing of papers with scoring, since a lateral deflection of the paper overhang no longer occurs, and thus the milling disks take hold of the paper fibers and not only grip the scoring, so that a better penetration of the fibers with glue and thus a better adhesion of the book cover are possible.
Also, in the second form of embodiment, the lifetime of the milling disks is essentially longer than in the devices known in the prior art, since the attack surfaces of the tools continually change as a result of their rotation. In addition, individual milling blades need not be exchanged, but only the uptake axles or the machining shafts, which is basically a simpler technical process. An excess evolution of heat at the cutting tool is also avoided.
The device operating according to the method of the invention, preferably a one to five-clamp binding machine, can also be provided with an inner book clamp, which no longer needs to be adjusted to the different stack thicknesses.
In the manufacture of soft-cover books, until now the inner book is fed by hand or via an automatic stacker into the inner book clamp, so that the lower edge, where the cover will later be glued on, is pushed flat. Uniform edges are essential for a subsequent uniform glue film. The opening or width of the inner book clamp depends on the thickness of the inner book. In the currently known methods and machines, the inner book clamp must be adjusted to the particular required thickness by hand, and usually with the help of a tool, in time-consuming fashion. This is sometimes done by inserting spacer disks or the like.
This takes some time, especially in view of the fact that automatic single-clamp units are used for small print runs with different stack thicknesses and especially for the "on demand" sector. This would ultimately entail manual adjustment of the inner book clamp for each thickness being processed.
The inner book clamp described here according to the invention for the field of soft-cover manufacture no longer needs to be adjusted to different inner book thicknesses. This is an important contribution to automating the small machine sector and greatly reduces the setup times. Another important aspect is that no tool is needed for this.
Moreover, the inner book clamp can be provided with a spindle drive. During bookmaking, the inner book is pressed into the clamp and thus transported over the various processing stations. In all machines, this transport occurs by a simple chain. The more lightweight and flexible machines usually have simple chains like bicycle chains. Heavier machines often use multiple chains or more stable single chains.
In so-called single-clamp binders, the inner book clamp is moved back and forth by such a chain through various deflection and tensioning devices. This occurs by means of a motor with coupled transmission and chain wheels. On average, the chain lengths are at least 1.5 to 2.5 meters, i.e., around 3 to 4 meters for the back-and-forth movement including deflection roller.
Such a chain with a length of, for example, 3.5 meters consists of around 350 chain elements and, thus, around 700 chain links or bearings.
The drawback of this is that each individual chain link must run freely, i.e., be oiled and free of grime. This is virtually impossible in practice, since a large volume of paper dust is produced during processing of the book spine. Due to the forces created at each individual chain bearing, the chain becomes longer over time and wears out. Although this can be at least partly remedied by a take-up, the wear and tear is not uniform, because the same portion of the chain is always moved back and forth. Thus, the chain wears most heavily where the strain is greatest. A worn chain is generally replaced in its entirety, since it is not practical to replace individual chain elements. Greasing of the chain with prior washing is enormously time consuming, and therefore costly, and so it is hardly ever done. Likewise, the assembly time for both new fabrication and servicing is very long.
Now, the invention proceeds from a totally new method for bookmaking. Here, the inner book clamp is drawn by a threaded spindle via a threaded nut, the other side of which is fastened to the inner book clamp. This has the advantage that only one threaded spindle is required, roughly corresponding to the length of the machine, yet having only one bearing on the left and only one bearing on the right. The rotary motion of the spindle is taken up by the threaded nut, the other side of which is mounted on the inner book clamp, and converted into a lengthwise direction parallel to the spindle.
The spindle drive according to the invention is insensitive to the paper dust formed. Even the finest paper dust is no trouble, and instead even provides a certain cleaning effect. Furthermore, as compared to the currently known chain drives, there is no mechanical play or wear at all. The assembly is much easier and only takes a fraction of the time required for chains.
The present invention will be explained more closely hereafter by means of the enclosed drawings. These show:
Figure 1 a schematic top view of a sample embodiment of a cutting tool according to the invention with two axles;
Figure 2 a schematic front view of the cutting tool of figure 1;
Figure 3 a schematic representation of the processing of an inner book with the cutting tool from figure 1;
Figure 4 a schematic representation of the prior art;
Figure 5a a schematic representation of a single-clamp machine with an inner book clamp with spindle drive;
Figure 5b a schematic enlarged representation of the spindle nut from figure 5a;
Figure 6 a schematic representation of an automatic inner book clamp;
Figure 7a the inner book clamp from figure 6 in a side view;
Figure 7b the inner book clamp from figure 6 in a top view;
Figure 8 a schematic top view of a cutting tool of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The layout and function of the cutting tool 10 according to the invention are shown in figures 1 to 3. The cutting tool 10 has two axles 20 and 30. The longer axle 20 is arranged at an angle of 11.6 degrees to the vertical to the right of the inner book in the direction L of travel of the inner book 2 and has 12 17a milling disks 21 with milling teeth 22. It turns counterclockwise in the direction of arrow B. The shorter axle 30 is left of the inner book in the direction L
of travel of the inner book 2 and arranged at any angle 0 of 13.3 degrees to the vertical offset from the longer axle 20 and has 3 milling disks 31 with milling teeth 32. It turns clockwise in the direction of arrow A. The milling teeth 22, 32 are ground on one side in the front at an angle of around 30 degrees, depending on the installation position and the direction of turning of the axles.
The point of attack of each milling disk 21, 31 at the sheet edges 3 of the inner book 2 is designated by P. The angle of the axles 20, 30 and the offset angle of the two axles 20, 30 from each other are chosen so that the first milling disk of the left axle 20 and the second milling disk of the right axle define at their zenith P the maximum distance from the surface of the inner book being processed, i.e., the thickness of the stack. In this case, the rear milling disks of the longer axle 30 process the central regions of the inner book 2.
The sheet edges 3 of the inner book 2 are thus guided across a cutting tool which consists of at least two axles turning in opposite direction. These axles lie in parallel with the inner book. Each individual axle is outfitted with a plurality of milling disks. In relation to the inner book, the axles are arranged so that they are set off from each other at an angle of, for example, three degrees or more, without the milling disks touching each other.
As can be seen from figure 3, the direction of turning of the axles 20, 30 has the effect that the paper scraps 4 are cast inward, i.e., between the axles, and downward, so that they can be captured or evacuated in the lower part of the device, such as a single-clamp machine.
Figure 4 shows the prior art. In the case of traditional cutting tools, such as the milling disk depicted in figure 4, the inner book 2 is deflected to the side, so that the paper fibers at the edges of the sheets are only incompletely exposed. The paper scraps 4 fly out to the side, where they are more difficult to capture.
Figure 8 shows schematically, and not in correct scale, a second form of embodiment of the present invention. Here, cutting tool 100 has two axle systems 200 and 300 with uptake axles 200' and 300'. The shorter axle system 200 here is arranged at an angle a of 11.6 to the vertical to the right of the inner book in the direction L of travel and has 9 milling disks 210 with milling teeth 220. Axles 200' turn counterclockwise in the direction of arrow A. The longer axle system 300 here is arranged at an angle P of 13.3 to the vertical to the left of the inner book and offset relative to the shorter axle system 200 in the direction L of travel of inner book 2, and has 5 milling disks 310 with milling teeth 320. Axles 300' turn clockwise in the direction of arrow B. Milling teeth 220, 320, are ground on one side in the front at an angle of approximately 30 depending on the installation position and the direction of turning of uptake axles 200', 300'.
The point of attack of each milling disk 210, 310, at the sheet edges 3 of inner book 2 is designated by P. The angle of the axle systems 200, 300 and the offset angle of the uptake axles 200', 300' from each other are chosen so that the first milling disk of the left axle system 300 and the fourth milling disk of the right axle system 200 define at their zenith P, the maximum distance from the surface of the inner book being processed, i.e., the thickness of the stack.
The arrangement of axle systems 200, 300 may, of course, also correspond to that of axles 20, 30 in Figure 1.
The sheet edges 3 of inner book 2 are thus guided across a cutting tool, which is comprised of at least two axle systems turning in opposite directions. These axle systems lie in parallel with the inner book. Each individual uptake axle is outfitted with a milling disk. In relation to the inner book, the axle systems are arranged so that they are set off from each other at an angle of, for example, three degrees or more, without the milling disks touching each other.
The device working according to the method of the invention, moreover, can have a spindle drive 40 for the inner book clamp 50, as shown schematically in figures 5a and 5b. A single-clamp machine 1 with an inner book clamp 50, shown as an example, has a threaded spindle 41 with a threaded nut 42 moving back and forth on it. The threaded spindle 41 is arranged parallel to the trajectory of the inner book clamp 50 in the direction of the arrow B, i.e., outside the trajectory B. The back stopping surface 51 of the inner book clamp 50 is firmly connected to a guide element 43, which travels along with inner book clamp 50 in a rail 44 arranged parallel to the threaded spindle 41. On threaded spindle there is mounted a threaded nut 42 (cf. figure 5b), which in turn is firmly joined to the back stopping surface 51 of inner book clamp 50 and guide element 43.
Inner book clamp 50 is drawn by means of threaded spindle 41 via threaded nut 42. The turning motion of threaded spindle 41 is taken up by threaded nut 42 and converted into a lengthwise direction parallel to threaded spindle 41, namely, the trajectory B of inner book clamp 50. Threaded spindle 41 is driven by an electric motor by means of a belt drive 45.
The threaded nut 42 or at least its thread consists of a material with a low coefficient of friction relative to the material of threaded spindle 41, in the sample embodiment, a so-called self-lubricating plastic, such as PTFE, Teflon, or Tm another plastic with a low coefficient of friction. The best sliding effect is achieved when the region of the thread turns and the threaded nut remains grease-free, i.e., absolutely dry. Thus, the spindle drive is maintenance-free, unlike traditional chain drives.
The pitch of the thread turns (for example, up to 80 cm or 3 inches = 76.2 cm) is chosen according to the needs of the machine.
The device 1 working according to the method of the invention, but also traditional bookbinding machines, can be outfitted with an automatic inner book clamp 50. A sample embodiment of this inner book clamp 50, shown in figures 6, 7a and 7b, consists of a stationary back stopping surface 51 and a smaller movable front stopping surface 52 or press plate, which are joined together by at least two axles 53, 54. The dimensions of the entire inner book clamp are such that all conventional book formats from DIN A6 to DIN A3 can be handled. The same is true for the thickness of the stack in the range of a minimum of approximately 3 mm to a maximum of approximately 60 mm.
The front stopping surface 52 can move on the axles 53, 54 by an appropriate bearing (not shown). At either end of axles 53, 54, toothed racks are attached.
Using a pinion joined to a continuous axle, the front stopping surface 52 is moved by motor forward, i.e., to open, and backward, i.e., to close. The movements of the pinion are counted and saved as increments in a control unit.
Thus, after the first opening of the inner book clamp 50 to the largest possible opening width, such as 60 mm, an inner book is inserted. The front stopping surface 52 travels inward toward the back stopping surface 51, so that the inner book is compressed. The difference between the resulting "travel path" and the entire opening path corresponds to the thickness of the inner book. This value is memorized. If subsequent inner books of the same kind are being processed, the inner book clamp 50 will only open to this memorized opening width. A manual adjustment of the opening width is no longer necessary.
It is also possible to measure the thickness of the inner book in terms of the time elapsed for the front stopping surface 52 traveling at constant speed to move back far enough until it comes to rest on the inner book.
This value is also transmitted to a servomotor, which correspondingly opens or closes the opening of the glue nozzle, so that a strip of glue is applied in the necessary width, corresponding to the thickness of the inner book. This value, moreover, is transmitted to another servomotor, which correspondingly opens or closes the interval between two or more groove tools. This is necessary to prepare the cover.
In practice, paper may have different volumes, i.e., one lot of paper can be softer and thus can be compressed to a greater extent. Allowance for this fact is made by automatically adding, for example, five or ten mm to the memorized value.
This ensures that all paper can be processed without problem, even paper with different volumes.
The above-described difference of the travel path in addition to said pressing path forms the memorized value. This value, and thus the required opening of the clamp, is automatically adjusted, without tools or other handling. It remains memorized until the entire print run is processed with this format, i.e., the clamp only opens as much as the determined value. In order to change the opening of the clamp once again, it is only necessary to erase the memorized value.
Oily or greasy machine parts become "gummed up". Cleaning is extremely difficult, if not impossible. Therefore, especially large exhaust systems are needed to remove the paper scraps, which produce a heavy noise load. The known methods are not very sparing of resources.
The book overhang is deflected in the direction of turning of the tool. The inner book itself is always under enormous sideways stress over the entire width, because the tool in principle only cuts or rips the front sheet, or the back sheet in the case of opposed tools, and is then pushed like a plow through the paper stack. This requires, as already noted, powerful motors that work with an unpleasantly high noise level.
Due to the large force acting on the book spine, not only is a portion of the lower edge of the sheet removed, but also the fiber assemblage in the immediate vicinity of the removed fibers is loosened up, which is not desirable.
After the sheet edges are worked and glued, the inner book goes through one or more processing stations for cutting, roughening, or equalizing the inner book.
The same principles apply here and the same problems occur as have been described for the working and gluing of the sheet edges.
The object of the present invention thus consists in furnishing a method and a device of the above-named kind, which do not have the described disadvantages and which enable a sparing, uniform working of the sheet edges without major stress on the inner book.
In accordance with a preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided a device for processing of sheet edges in bookmaking, with at least one cutting tool for processing the sheet edges of an inner book running across the cutting tool such that paper fibers are exposed along the sheet edges, characterized in that the cutting tool has at least two axles arranged slanting at an angle to each other and turning in opposite directions, wherein the axles arranged to the left of the inner book in the direction of travel (L) of the inner book turn clockwise and the axles arranged to the right of the inner book in the direction (L) of travel of the inner book turn counterclockwise, and wherein each axle is outfitted with one or more milling disks, which have cutting devices on their outer circumference.
5a In accordance with another preferred embodiment, there is provided a device for processing of sheet edges in bookmaking, with at least one cutting tool for processing the sheet edges of an inner book running across the cutting tool such that paper fibers are exposed along the sheet edges, characterized in that the cutting tool has at least two pairs of axle systems arranged slanting at an angle to each other, with several uptake axles turning in opposite directions, whereby the uptake axles arranged to the left of the inner book in the direction of travel (L) of inner book turn clockwise and the uptake axles arranged to the right of the inner book in the direction of travel (L) of inner book turn counterclockwise and wherein each uptake axle is outfitted with one milling disk, which have cutting devices on their outer circumference.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment, there is provided a method for machining the sheet edges during bookmaking, wherein the sheet edges of an inner book are moved across at least one cutting tool, so that paper fibers are exposed along the sheet edges, characterized in that a cutting tool in accordance with the above embodiment is used.
In yet another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided an inner book clamp for use with the device in accordance with the above, which has a stationary stopping surface and a movable stopping surface, which are joined 5b together by at least two axles, wherein the movable stopping surface can be moved along the axles, characterized in that toothed racks are provided at the ends of the axles assigned to the movable stopping surface, which interact with a pinion so that the movable stopping surface is adapted to be moved by activating the pinion.
In another aspect, there is provided a drive unit for an inner book clamp noted above, characterized in that the drive unit has a motor-operated threaded spindle, traveling parallel to the trajectory (B) of the inner book clamp, and a spindle nut, traveling on the threaded spindle and coupled to the inner book clamp.
Thus, the present invention starts from a totally different design principle.
Individual milling disks are mounted side by side with a slight spacing on at least two coupled axles. The axles are mounted such that each pair is arranged parallel to the lower edge of the inner book or to the sheet edges, but moving opposite to each other. The axles of each pair are arranged slanting at an angle to each other. Looking in the direction of the clamp, the left axle of each pair turns clockwise and the right axle counterclockwise.
Thus, the milling disks of the left axle of each pair will only work the first few, for example, 2-3 mm of the paper overhang of the inner book, which is therefore 5c pressed slightly to the right, i.e., toward the middle of the stack. At the same time, the milling disks of the right axle of each pair work the remaining surface of the paper overhang and thus force it slightly to the left, i.e., again toward the middle. The rear milling disks of each axle work the middle regions of the book spine, where no significant deflection occurs.
Accordingly, each milling disk only works a small portion of the inner book and does not have to slide through the entire inner book. The result is less force expended, so that the clamping pressure can also be reduced. Moreover, there is less noise. The circumferential velocity of the milling disks is such that a considerable cutting of the lower edge of the sheet occurs. This accomplishes an exposure of the fibers and prevents a loosening of the immediate vicinity of the fiber. No smashing or ripping of the sheet edges occurs.
The angle of attack of the milling disks ensures that no paper scraps fall outside the device according to the invention. The removed paper is not "pushed"
across the entire width of the inner book, as in the state of the art, but instead is transported downward immediately after the cutting device engages, depending on the radius of the milling disk, generally at an angle of around 135 degrees.
The number and the spacing of the milling disks depend on the type of working of the book spine, e.g., cutting, milling, roughening or equalizing, the chosen diameter and thickness, as well as the number of cutting devices per milling disk.
Thanks to the arrangement of the milling disks, as well as the choice of a particular speed as compared to the speed of the clamp, a uniform two-dimensional removal of the sheet edges is accomplished. The diameter of the milling disks and the height of the paper removed are proportional to each other, since the paper removal occurs by the attack of the cutting devices at the zenith of the milling disk. Sheet edges prepared in this way are optimal for gluing with penetration adhesives, which requires a corresponding adhesion between the sheet edges. However, it is also possible to vary these parameters so that instead of a continuous surface the inner book is given a particular profile or toothing. Such sheet edges are optimal for gluing by hot methods. In this case, the profile serves as an additional anchoring in the glue bed.
Thus, the advantages of the invention lie in the fact that the machined paper overhang is deflected in two opposite directions, which cancel each other out.
Thanks to the special mutual arrangement of the axles, there is no need for a counterweight or counterblade. Only a slight clamping pressure is required thanks to the special arrangement of the milling disks.
The glue can be applied parallel to the book fibers, as is desirable for optimal adhesion of the cover. Furthermore, there are also advantages when processing paper with scoring, since there is no longer any sideways deflection of the paper overhang and thus the milling disks reach the paper fibers, and not just the score, so that a better penetration of glue into the fibers and thus a better adhesion of the cover becomes possible.
Thanks to the possible variable arrangement of several such axles outfitted with milling disks one after the other, various methods of working the sheet edges can be accomplished, such as different amount of removal, roughening, or equalizing.
Furthermore, the lifetime of the milling disks is much longer than in the familiar devices of the prior art, since the attack surfaces of the tools constantly change as a result of their rotation. Moreover, it is not necessary to replace any additional milling blades, but only the axles or machining shafts, which is much easier to do. This also avoids an excessive evolution of heat at the cutting tool.
The paper removed by the milling disks is transported radially and discharged downward with the air flow.
Advantageous further configurations will result from the subclaims.
It is especially preferred to use a pair of two axles, slanting at an angle to each other. Looking in the direction of movement of the clamp, the left axle turns clockwise and the right axle counterclockwise.
The left axle is preferably mounted at an angle of around 3 to 12 degrees to the right of center and the right axle at an angle of around 10 to 25 degrees to the left of center. The numbers of degrees mentioned here will depend on the length of the tool, i.e., the axles, the speed of the clamp, and the maximum width of the inner book to be worked on by the device according to the invention.
Another advantageous configuration calls for each axle of a pair to be driven separately, but uniformly, e.g., by electric motors using a belt drive.
The diameter of the milling disks can be 10 to 50 mm, for example. There can be 50 to 80 teeth per milling disk, and these can additionally have a grinding angle of around 30 degrees. Teeth with a grinding angle can cleanly slice off a larger area of the sheet edges.
The length of the axles can vary and depends on the correlation between position angle and maximum book thickness. The lengths are preferably offset.
With the same position angle of 5 degrees, for example, the right axle of a pair is preferably a multiple longer than the left axle. This relationship will change when the position angle changes. The shorter the axles, the more force is exerted on each milling disk. The milling disks on the shorter, e.g., the left axle can have more teeth than those on the longer right axle. The shorter axle can have, for example, 3 milling disks and the longer axle 12 milling disks with a position angle of 11.6 degrees (longer axle) and 13.3 degrees (shorter axle) to the vertical.
In this case, the rear milling disks of the longer axle work the middle regions of the spine of the book, where no significant deflection occurs.
Another advantageous configuration of the device according to the invention calls for it to be continuously adjustable in height via a corresponding assembly unit, or several cutting devices to be arranged with increasing height one after the other in the direction of movement of the clamp. In this way, the operator himself can determine the amount of paper to be cut away and adapt to the requirements of the particular case.
The device according to the invention can be arranged in a closed housing, so that only the top side of the housing is open for the book to run through, depending on the thickness of the inner book. In a particularly advantageous manner, this housing can be connected to an evacuation device at the lower end, so that the processing of the inner book occurs under partial vacuum.
This, as well as the angle of attack of the milling disks, ensures that no paper gets into the surroundings outside the device according to the invention.
A second form of embodiment of the present invention provides that instead of two uptake axles arranged in pairs and slanting at an angle to each other and which can be turned in opposite directions, at least four smaller axles driven synchronously are arranged in pairs relative to one another, and these are arranged parallel to the direction of travel of the inner book, whereby the two axles of each pair can be rotated opposite one another and each axis is equipped with a milling tool. Also, in this configuration of the invention, the left axis of each pair rotates in the clockwise direction and the right axis of each pair in the counterclockwise direction.
Here also, the uptake axle of each pair of axles turning in the clockwise direction processes, with the milling disks, only the first few, for example, 2 to 3 mm of the paper overhang of the inner book, which is thus pushed slightly toward the right, thus to the middle of the stack. At the same time, the remaining surface of the paper overhang is processed with the milling disks of the uptake axles of each pair of axles rotating in the counterclockwise direction and thus is pushed slightly toward the left, thus also toward the middle of the stack. The milling disks of the back uptake axles process the central region of the book spine, where no particular deflection occurs.
Accordingly, here also, each milling disk processes only one small part of the inner book and thus must not slide across the entire inner book. A smaller expenditure of force results in this manner, from which it follows that the pressing force of the clamp can also be reduced. A lower level of noise also results.
The circumferential velocity of the milling disks is dimensioned such that there is a clear removal of scrap form of the lower edge of the sheet. Thus the fibers are exposed and a loosening up in the direct vicinity of one fiber is prevented.
No smashing or ripping of the sheet edges occurs. The position of the outermost uptake axle corresponds at the same time to the maximum thickness of the inner book to be processed. The circumferential velocity can be adjusted continuously in the two forms of embodiment and thus can be optimally adapted to the paper material of the inner book.
It is assured by the angle of attack of the milling disks in the two configurations that no paper scraps reach the surroundings outside the device according to the invention. The paper scraps are thus not "pushed" across the entire width of the inner book, as in the prior art, but, depending on the radius of the milling disks, are entrained radially immediately after engagement of the cutting device and transported off downward in the flow of air, usually at an angle of approximately 135 . This is effected by the fact that the milling disks do not travel parallel to the inner book as the tools known in the prior art, but operate more or less crosswise to the edges of the inner book. In this way, the paper that is cut away is transported downward. Also, the roughened fibers are brushed down and not to the front or back as in the prior art, so that they stand vertically and are optimally prepared for gluing.
The number and the distance between the uptake axles depends in each individual case on the type of spine processing, e.g., cutting, milling, roughening or equalizing, as well as the diameter and thickness that are selected. A
uniform, flat removal of the sheet edges is achieved by the arrangement of the uptake axles and milling disks, as well as by the selection of a specific speed in comparison to the clamp speed. The diameter of the milling disks and the height of the paper removed are proportional to one another, since the paper removal occurs by the attack of the cutting devices at the zenith of the milling disk, whereby each zenith is active only in the longitudinal direction of travel.
Sheet edges processed in this way are optimally prepared for gluing, which is conducted with penetration adhesives and thus requires a corresponding adhesion between the sheet edges. However, it is also possible to vary these parameters such that a certain profile or toothing is given to the inner book instead of a continuous surface. Such sheet edges are optimally processed for gluing by hot methods. Here, the profiling serves for an additional anchoring in the glue bed.
The advantages of the invention in the two configurations lie in the fact that the processed paper overhang is deflected in two opposite directions and is lifted up in this way. The counterweight or the counter blade is not needed due to the special arrangement of the uptake axles relative to one another. Only a small clamp pressing is required, due to the special arrangement of the milling disks.
The glue can be applied parallel to the book fibers, as is desired for optimal adhesion of the book cover. Further, advantages also result in the processing of papers with scoring, since a lateral deflection of the paper overhang no longer occurs, and thus the milling disks take hold of the paper fibers and not only grip the scoring, so that a better penetration of the fibers with glue and thus a better adhesion of the book cover are possible.
Also, in the second form of embodiment, the lifetime of the milling disks is essentially longer than in the devices known in the prior art, since the attack surfaces of the tools continually change as a result of their rotation. In addition, individual milling blades need not be exchanged, but only the uptake axles or the machining shafts, which is basically a simpler technical process. An excess evolution of heat at the cutting tool is also avoided.
The device operating according to the method of the invention, preferably a one to five-clamp binding machine, can also be provided with an inner book clamp, which no longer needs to be adjusted to the different stack thicknesses.
In the manufacture of soft-cover books, until now the inner book is fed by hand or via an automatic stacker into the inner book clamp, so that the lower edge, where the cover will later be glued on, is pushed flat. Uniform edges are essential for a subsequent uniform glue film. The opening or width of the inner book clamp depends on the thickness of the inner book. In the currently known methods and machines, the inner book clamp must be adjusted to the particular required thickness by hand, and usually with the help of a tool, in time-consuming fashion. This is sometimes done by inserting spacer disks or the like.
This takes some time, especially in view of the fact that automatic single-clamp units are used for small print runs with different stack thicknesses and especially for the "on demand" sector. This would ultimately entail manual adjustment of the inner book clamp for each thickness being processed.
The inner book clamp described here according to the invention for the field of soft-cover manufacture no longer needs to be adjusted to different inner book thicknesses. This is an important contribution to automating the small machine sector and greatly reduces the setup times. Another important aspect is that no tool is needed for this.
Moreover, the inner book clamp can be provided with a spindle drive. During bookmaking, the inner book is pressed into the clamp and thus transported over the various processing stations. In all machines, this transport occurs by a simple chain. The more lightweight and flexible machines usually have simple chains like bicycle chains. Heavier machines often use multiple chains or more stable single chains.
In so-called single-clamp binders, the inner book clamp is moved back and forth by such a chain through various deflection and tensioning devices. This occurs by means of a motor with coupled transmission and chain wheels. On average, the chain lengths are at least 1.5 to 2.5 meters, i.e., around 3 to 4 meters for the back-and-forth movement including deflection roller.
Such a chain with a length of, for example, 3.5 meters consists of around 350 chain elements and, thus, around 700 chain links or bearings.
The drawback of this is that each individual chain link must run freely, i.e., be oiled and free of grime. This is virtually impossible in practice, since a large volume of paper dust is produced during processing of the book spine. Due to the forces created at each individual chain bearing, the chain becomes longer over time and wears out. Although this can be at least partly remedied by a take-up, the wear and tear is not uniform, because the same portion of the chain is always moved back and forth. Thus, the chain wears most heavily where the strain is greatest. A worn chain is generally replaced in its entirety, since it is not practical to replace individual chain elements. Greasing of the chain with prior washing is enormously time consuming, and therefore costly, and so it is hardly ever done. Likewise, the assembly time for both new fabrication and servicing is very long.
Now, the invention proceeds from a totally new method for bookmaking. Here, the inner book clamp is drawn by a threaded spindle via a threaded nut, the other side of which is fastened to the inner book clamp. This has the advantage that only one threaded spindle is required, roughly corresponding to the length of the machine, yet having only one bearing on the left and only one bearing on the right. The rotary motion of the spindle is taken up by the threaded nut, the other side of which is mounted on the inner book clamp, and converted into a lengthwise direction parallel to the spindle.
The spindle drive according to the invention is insensitive to the paper dust formed. Even the finest paper dust is no trouble, and instead even provides a certain cleaning effect. Furthermore, as compared to the currently known chain drives, there is no mechanical play or wear at all. The assembly is much easier and only takes a fraction of the time required for chains.
The present invention will be explained more closely hereafter by means of the enclosed drawings. These show:
Figure 1 a schematic top view of a sample embodiment of a cutting tool according to the invention with two axles;
Figure 2 a schematic front view of the cutting tool of figure 1;
Figure 3 a schematic representation of the processing of an inner book with the cutting tool from figure 1;
Figure 4 a schematic representation of the prior art;
Figure 5a a schematic representation of a single-clamp machine with an inner book clamp with spindle drive;
Figure 5b a schematic enlarged representation of the spindle nut from figure 5a;
Figure 6 a schematic representation of an automatic inner book clamp;
Figure 7a the inner book clamp from figure 6 in a side view;
Figure 7b the inner book clamp from figure 6 in a top view;
Figure 8 a schematic top view of a cutting tool of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The layout and function of the cutting tool 10 according to the invention are shown in figures 1 to 3. The cutting tool 10 has two axles 20 and 30. The longer axle 20 is arranged at an angle of 11.6 degrees to the vertical to the right of the inner book in the direction L of travel of the inner book 2 and has 12 17a milling disks 21 with milling teeth 22. It turns counterclockwise in the direction of arrow B. The shorter axle 30 is left of the inner book in the direction L
of travel of the inner book 2 and arranged at any angle 0 of 13.3 degrees to the vertical offset from the longer axle 20 and has 3 milling disks 31 with milling teeth 32. It turns clockwise in the direction of arrow A. The milling teeth 22, 32 are ground on one side in the front at an angle of around 30 degrees, depending on the installation position and the direction of turning of the axles.
The point of attack of each milling disk 21, 31 at the sheet edges 3 of the inner book 2 is designated by P. The angle of the axles 20, 30 and the offset angle of the two axles 20, 30 from each other are chosen so that the first milling disk of the left axle 20 and the second milling disk of the right axle define at their zenith P the maximum distance from the surface of the inner book being processed, i.e., the thickness of the stack. In this case, the rear milling disks of the longer axle 30 process the central regions of the inner book 2.
The sheet edges 3 of the inner book 2 are thus guided across a cutting tool which consists of at least two axles turning in opposite direction. These axles lie in parallel with the inner book. Each individual axle is outfitted with a plurality of milling disks. In relation to the inner book, the axles are arranged so that they are set off from each other at an angle of, for example, three degrees or more, without the milling disks touching each other.
As can be seen from figure 3, the direction of turning of the axles 20, 30 has the effect that the paper scraps 4 are cast inward, i.e., between the axles, and downward, so that they can be captured or evacuated in the lower part of the device, such as a single-clamp machine.
Figure 4 shows the prior art. In the case of traditional cutting tools, such as the milling disk depicted in figure 4, the inner book 2 is deflected to the side, so that the paper fibers at the edges of the sheets are only incompletely exposed. The paper scraps 4 fly out to the side, where they are more difficult to capture.
Figure 8 shows schematically, and not in correct scale, a second form of embodiment of the present invention. Here, cutting tool 100 has two axle systems 200 and 300 with uptake axles 200' and 300'. The shorter axle system 200 here is arranged at an angle a of 11.6 to the vertical to the right of the inner book in the direction L of travel and has 9 milling disks 210 with milling teeth 220. Axles 200' turn counterclockwise in the direction of arrow A. The longer axle system 300 here is arranged at an angle P of 13.3 to the vertical to the left of the inner book and offset relative to the shorter axle system 200 in the direction L of travel of inner book 2, and has 5 milling disks 310 with milling teeth 320. Axles 300' turn clockwise in the direction of arrow B. Milling teeth 220, 320, are ground on one side in the front at an angle of approximately 30 depending on the installation position and the direction of turning of uptake axles 200', 300'.
The point of attack of each milling disk 210, 310, at the sheet edges 3 of inner book 2 is designated by P. The angle of the axle systems 200, 300 and the offset angle of the uptake axles 200', 300' from each other are chosen so that the first milling disk of the left axle system 300 and the fourth milling disk of the right axle system 200 define at their zenith P, the maximum distance from the surface of the inner book being processed, i.e., the thickness of the stack.
The arrangement of axle systems 200, 300 may, of course, also correspond to that of axles 20, 30 in Figure 1.
The sheet edges 3 of inner book 2 are thus guided across a cutting tool, which is comprised of at least two axle systems turning in opposite directions. These axle systems lie in parallel with the inner book. Each individual uptake axle is outfitted with a milling disk. In relation to the inner book, the axle systems are arranged so that they are set off from each other at an angle of, for example, three degrees or more, without the milling disks touching each other.
The device working according to the method of the invention, moreover, can have a spindle drive 40 for the inner book clamp 50, as shown schematically in figures 5a and 5b. A single-clamp machine 1 with an inner book clamp 50, shown as an example, has a threaded spindle 41 with a threaded nut 42 moving back and forth on it. The threaded spindle 41 is arranged parallel to the trajectory of the inner book clamp 50 in the direction of the arrow B, i.e., outside the trajectory B. The back stopping surface 51 of the inner book clamp 50 is firmly connected to a guide element 43, which travels along with inner book clamp 50 in a rail 44 arranged parallel to the threaded spindle 41. On threaded spindle there is mounted a threaded nut 42 (cf. figure 5b), which in turn is firmly joined to the back stopping surface 51 of inner book clamp 50 and guide element 43.
Inner book clamp 50 is drawn by means of threaded spindle 41 via threaded nut 42. The turning motion of threaded spindle 41 is taken up by threaded nut 42 and converted into a lengthwise direction parallel to threaded spindle 41, namely, the trajectory B of inner book clamp 50. Threaded spindle 41 is driven by an electric motor by means of a belt drive 45.
The threaded nut 42 or at least its thread consists of a material with a low coefficient of friction relative to the material of threaded spindle 41, in the sample embodiment, a so-called self-lubricating plastic, such as PTFE, Teflon, or Tm another plastic with a low coefficient of friction. The best sliding effect is achieved when the region of the thread turns and the threaded nut remains grease-free, i.e., absolutely dry. Thus, the spindle drive is maintenance-free, unlike traditional chain drives.
The pitch of the thread turns (for example, up to 80 cm or 3 inches = 76.2 cm) is chosen according to the needs of the machine.
The device 1 working according to the method of the invention, but also traditional bookbinding machines, can be outfitted with an automatic inner book clamp 50. A sample embodiment of this inner book clamp 50, shown in figures 6, 7a and 7b, consists of a stationary back stopping surface 51 and a smaller movable front stopping surface 52 or press plate, which are joined together by at least two axles 53, 54. The dimensions of the entire inner book clamp are such that all conventional book formats from DIN A6 to DIN A3 can be handled. The same is true for the thickness of the stack in the range of a minimum of approximately 3 mm to a maximum of approximately 60 mm.
The front stopping surface 52 can move on the axles 53, 54 by an appropriate bearing (not shown). At either end of axles 53, 54, toothed racks are attached.
Using a pinion joined to a continuous axle, the front stopping surface 52 is moved by motor forward, i.e., to open, and backward, i.e., to close. The movements of the pinion are counted and saved as increments in a control unit.
Thus, after the first opening of the inner book clamp 50 to the largest possible opening width, such as 60 mm, an inner book is inserted. The front stopping surface 52 travels inward toward the back stopping surface 51, so that the inner book is compressed. The difference between the resulting "travel path" and the entire opening path corresponds to the thickness of the inner book. This value is memorized. If subsequent inner books of the same kind are being processed, the inner book clamp 50 will only open to this memorized opening width. A manual adjustment of the opening width is no longer necessary.
It is also possible to measure the thickness of the inner book in terms of the time elapsed for the front stopping surface 52 traveling at constant speed to move back far enough until it comes to rest on the inner book.
This value is also transmitted to a servomotor, which correspondingly opens or closes the opening of the glue nozzle, so that a strip of glue is applied in the necessary width, corresponding to the thickness of the inner book. This value, moreover, is transmitted to another servomotor, which correspondingly opens or closes the interval between two or more groove tools. This is necessary to prepare the cover.
In practice, paper may have different volumes, i.e., one lot of paper can be softer and thus can be compressed to a greater extent. Allowance for this fact is made by automatically adding, for example, five or ten mm to the memorized value.
This ensures that all paper can be processed without problem, even paper with different volumes.
The above-described difference of the travel path in addition to said pressing path forms the memorized value. This value, and thus the required opening of the clamp, is automatically adjusted, without tools or other handling. It remains memorized until the entire print run is processed with this format, i.e., the clamp only opens as much as the determined value. In order to change the opening of the clamp once again, it is only necessary to erase the memorized value.
Claims (29)
1. A device (1) for processing of sheet edges (3) in bookmaking, with at least one cutting tool (10) for processing the sheet edges (3) of an inner book (2) running across the cutting tool (10) such that paper fibers are exposed along the sheet edges (3), characterized in that the cutting tool (10) has at least two axles (20, 30) arranged slanting at an angle to each other and turning in opposite directions, wherein the axles (30) arranged to the left of the inner book in the direction of travel (L) of the inner book (2) turn clockwise and the axles (20) arranged to the right of the inner book in the direction (L) of travel of the inner book (2) turn counterclockwise, and wherein each axle (20, 30) is outfitted with one or more milling disks (21, 31), which have cutting devices (22, 32) on their outer circumference.
2. A device (1') for processing of sheet edges (3) in bookmaking, with at least one cutting tool (100) for processing the sheet edges (3) of an inner book (2) running across the cutting tool (100) such that paper fibers are exposed along the sheet edges (3), characterized in that the cutting tool (100) has at least two pairs of axle systems (200, 300) arranged slanting at an angle to each other, with several uptake axles (200', 300') turning in opposite directions, whereby the uptake axles (300') arranged to the left of the inner book in the direction of travel (L) of inner book (2) turn clockwise and the uptake axles (200') arranged to the right of the inner book in the direction of travel (L) of inner book (2) turn counterclockwise and wherein each uptake axle (200', 300') is outfitted with one milling disk (210, 310), which have cutting devices (220, 320) on their outer circumference.
3. The device according to claim 1, further characterized in that the cutting tool (10) has precisely one pair of axles (20, 30).
4. The device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, further characterized in that all axles (20, 30) have the same position angle.
5. The device according to claim 1 or 2, further characterized in that the axles (30) situated to the left of the inner book (2) are arranged at an angle of 3 to 12 degrees to the right and the axles situated to the right of the inner book (2) are arranged at an angle of 10 to 25 degrees to the left.
6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further characterized in that a separate drive is provided for each axle (20, 30) of a pair.
7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further characterized in that the diameter of the milling disks (21, 31) is 10 to 50 mm.
8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further characterized in that 50 to 80 teeth per milling disk (21, 31) are provided as the cutting device (22, 32).
9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further characterized in that the left axles (30) of a pair are shorter than the right axles (20).
10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further characterized in that the cutting device (10) is continuously adjustable in height or several cutting tools (10) are arranged in increasing height one after the other in the direction of travel (L) of the inner book (2).
11. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further characterized in that the cutting device is provided in a housing, which has an evacuation device to remove the paper scraps produced during the machining of the sheet edges (3).
12. A method for machining the sheet edges during bookmaking, wherein the sheet edges of an inner book are moved across at least one cutting tool, so that paper fibers are exposed along the sheet edges, characterized in that a cutting tool according to one of claims 1 to 10 is used.
13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the arrangement of the milling disks and the circumferential velocity of the axles are chosen such that the sheet edges of the inner book are adapted to be machine planed.
14. The method according to claim 11 or 12, further characterized in that a partial vacuum is applied to the cutting tool.
15. An inner book clamp (50) for use with the device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, which has a stationary stopping surface (51) and a movable stopping surface (52), which are joined together by at least two axles (53, 54), wherein the movable stopping surface (52) can be moved along the axles (53, 54), characterized in that toothed racks are provided at the ends of the axles (53, 54) assigned to the movable stopping surface, which interact with a pinion so that the movable stopping surface (52) is adapted to be moved by activating the pinion.
16. The inner book clamp according to claim 14, further characterized in that the pinion is adapted to be activated by means of an electric motor.
17. A method for controlling an inner book clamp according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the inner book clamp is first opened to a maximum value and then closed to contain an inner book, and during the opening and closing the movements of the pinion or the respective time required for the opening and closing are measured and memorized in a control unit and the difference between the two values is computed and memorized, and the inner book clamp then only opens to the determined difference value in order to accommodate additional inner books of the same type.
18. The method according to claim 17, further characterized in that a value is added to the determined difference, corresponding to the volume of the highest-volume paper contained in the inner books being handled.
19. A drive unit (40) for an inner book clamp according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the drive unit has a motor-operated threaded spindle (41), traveling parallel to the trajectory (B) of the inner book clamp (50), and a spindle nut (42), traveling on the threaded spindle (41) and coupled to the inner book clamp (50).
20. The drive unit according to claim 18, further characterized in that a belt drive is additionally provided to drive the threaded spindle (41).
21. The drive unit according to claim 18 or 19, further characterized in that at least the thread of the threaded nut (42) consists of a plastic with a low coefficient of friction relative to the spindle material.
22. The drive unit according to claim 18, 19 or 20, further characterized in that the threaded spindle (41) is mounted outside the trajectory of the inner book clamp (50).
23. A drive unit for a device as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the drive unit has a motor-operated threaded spindle (41), traveling parallel to the trajectory (B) of the inner book clamp (50), and a spindle nut (42), traveling on the threaded spindle (41) and coupled to the inner book clamp (50).
24. The device according to claim 6, wherein said separate drive is a belt drive.
25. The device according to claim 8, wherein the milling disk has a grinding angle of 30 degrees.
26. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the axles (20,30) are arranged offset from each other.
27. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the number of teeth per milling disk on the axles is different.
28. The method according to claim 13, wherein the sheet edges are adapted to have a profile worked into the edges.
29. The drive unit according to claim 21, wherein the plastic is polytetrafluoroethylene.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19928337 | 1999-06-21 | ||
| DE19928337.0 | 1999-06-21 | ||
| DE19948183A DE19948183A1 (en) | 1999-06-21 | 1999-10-05 | Method and device for processing sheet edges |
| DE19948183.0 | 1999-10-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2312232A1 CA2312232A1 (en) | 2000-12-21 |
| CA2312232C true CA2312232C (en) | 2010-05-18 |
Family
ID=26053864
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2312232 Expired - Fee Related CA2312232C (en) | 1999-06-21 | 2000-06-21 | Device and method for working the edges of pages |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1063104B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2312232C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7360757B2 (en) * | 2004-02-09 | 2008-04-22 | Powis Parker Inc. | Stack conditioning apparatus and method for use in bookbinding |
| DE102012015110A1 (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2014-01-30 | Franz Josef Landen | Fluid composition useful for wetting paper fibers and bonding paper products during print finishing, comprises a surfactant, water as solvent, and optionally a further solvent and/or dispersant, and further additives |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1642866A (en) * | 1927-03-21 | 1927-09-20 | R R Donnelley And Sons Company | Book binding and covering machine |
| CH360372A (en) * | 1958-05-24 | 1962-02-28 | Gantenbein Willy | Method and device for binding folded printed sheets by gluing |
-
2000
- 2000-06-21 EP EP20000113229 patent/EP1063104B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-21 CA CA 2312232 patent/CA2312232C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1063104B1 (en) | 2009-02-25 |
| CA2312232A1 (en) | 2000-12-21 |
| EP1063104A2 (en) | 2000-12-27 |
| EP1063104A3 (en) | 2001-09-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20130621 |