EP1062139A1 - Device for transmitting the axial forces of a bogie to the superstructure of a rail vehicle, especially a motor vehicle with high tractive power - Google Patents

Device for transmitting the axial forces of a bogie to the superstructure of a rail vehicle, especially a motor vehicle with high tractive power

Info

Publication number
EP1062139A1
EP1062139A1 EP99916783A EP99916783A EP1062139A1 EP 1062139 A1 EP1062139 A1 EP 1062139A1 EP 99916783 A EP99916783 A EP 99916783A EP 99916783 A EP99916783 A EP 99916783A EP 1062139 A1 EP1062139 A1 EP 1062139A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bogie
joint
vehicle
rod
transmitting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99916783A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1062139B1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1062139A1 publication Critical patent/EP1062139A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1062139B1 publication Critical patent/EP1062139B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies

Abstract

A device for transmitting the longitudinal forces of a bogie to the superstructure of a rail vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle with high tractive power. The device includes a transmission rod arranged in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and comprising two rod parts (4), of which one rod part engages on a pivot point of the superstructure and the other rod part engages on a pivot point of the bogie frame. The two rod parts are connected at a joint which is capable of rotary motion about the transverse axis of the vehicle and is supported vertically relative to the bogie frame. The two rod parts and the joint capable of rotary motion are embodied in a buckle-resistant manner, the joint being connected to the bogie frame in a manner which allows force to be transmitted in both vertical directions.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Vorrichtung zur Übertragung der Längskräfte eines Drehgestelles auf den Wagenkasten eines Schienenfahrzeuges, insbesondere eines Triebfahrzeuges mit hoher ZugkraftDevice for transmitting the longitudinal forces of a bogie to the body of a rail vehicle, in particular a traction vehicle with high tractive force
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Übertragung der Längskräfte eines Drehgestelles auf den Wagenkasten eines Schienenfahrzeuges, insbesondere eines Triebfahrzeuges mit hoher Zugkraft, mit einer in Fahrzeuglängs- richtung angeordneten Übertragungsstange aus zwei Stan- genteilen, von denen ein Stangenteil an einem Anlenkpunkt des Wagenkastens und das andere Stangenteil an einem Anlenkpunkt des Drehgestellrahmens angreift, wobei die zwei Ξtangenteile in einem um die Fahrzeugquerachse drehbeweglichen Gelenk verbunden sind, das gegenüber dem Drehgestellrahmen vertikal abgestützt ist.The invention relates to a device for transmitting the longitudinal forces of a bogie to the car body of a rail vehicle, in particular a traction vehicle with high traction, with a transmission rod arranged in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, consisting of two rod parts, one of which is a rod part at a pivot point of the car body and the other Rod part engages at a pivot point of the bogie frame, the two Ξtangenteile are connected in a rotatable joint about the vehicle transverse axis, which is supported vertically with respect to the bogie frame.
Bei einer durch die DE-AS 12 24 768 bekannten Vorrichtung mit den zuvor genannten Merkmalen sind zwei dieser Übertragungsstangen vorgesehen, deren jeweiliges drehbe- wegliches Gelenk mittels Kegelrollen gegenüber einer zugehörigen Roll fläche am Drehgestell vertikal nach oben abgestützt ist. Die beiden Übertragungsstangen können jeweils nur in einer Lastrichtung Kräfte auf den Wagenkasten weiterleiten; bei auftretenden Zug- und Brems- kräften ist also je nach Fahrtrichtung entweder die eine oder die andere Übertragungsstange wirksam. Der doppelte Einsatz von Übertragungsstangen und die dementsprechend sowohl am Wagenkasten als auch am Drehgestell zweifach auszubildenden Anlenkpunkte werden als nachteilig ange- sehen. - 2In a device known from DE-AS 12 24 768 with the aforementioned features, two of these transmission rods are provided, the respective rotatable joint of which is supported vertically upwards by means of tapered rollers relative to an associated rolling surface on the bogie. The two transmission rods can only transmit forces to the car body in one load direction; when tensile and braking forces occur, either one or the other transmission rod is effective, depending on the direction of travel. The double use of transmission rods and the corresponding articulation points to be designed twice on both the body and the bogie are considered disadvantageous. - 2nd
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der gattungsgemäßen Art durch möglichst einfache Mittel so zu gestalten, daß auftretende Längskräfte mit nur einer Übertragungsstange in Zugrichtung und in Druckrichtung übertragbar sind.The invention has for its object to design a device of the generic type by means as simple as possible so that occurring longitudinal forces can be transmitted with only one transmission rod in the pulling direction and in the pushing direction.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die zwei Stangenteile und das drehbewegliche Gelenk knicksteif ausgeführt sind, wobei das Gelenk in beiden Vertikalrichtungen kraftübertragend am Drehgestellrahmen angeschlossen ist.This object is achieved in that the two rod parts and the rotatable joint are designed to be rigid, the joint being connected to the bogie frame in a force-transmitting manner in both vertical directions.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
Im weiteren wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungs- beispielen näher erläutert, die in der Zeichnung prinzipartig dargestellt sind. Es zeigenThe invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments which are shown in principle in the drawing. Show it
Fig. 1 ein Triebdrehgestell und einen nur angedeuteten Wagenkasten eines Schienenfahrzeuges mit einer Vorrichtung zur Längskraftübertragung in Seitenansicht,1 shows a motor bogie and an only indicated car body of a rail vehicle with a device for longitudinal force transmission in side view,
Fig. 2 Bauelemente der Vorrichtung zur Längskraftübertragung nach Fig. 1 in der Draufsicht,2 components of the device for longitudinal force transmission according to FIG. 1 in plan view,
Fig. 3 eine gegenüber Fig. 1 abgewandelteFig. 3 a modified compared to Fig. 1
Aus führungs form ebenfalls in Seitenansicht,Also in side view,
Fig. 4 eine die Fig. 3 ergänzende Draufsicht in der Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 2.FIG. 4 shows a top view supplementing FIG. 3 in the illustration corresponding to FIG. 2.
Das Triebdrehgestell hat einen Drehgestellrahmen 1, durch Fahrmotore 9 angetriebene Radsätze 10 und eine hier nicht - 3 -The powered bogie has a bogie frame 1, wheel sets 10 driven by traction motors 9 and not one here - 3 -
dargestellte Bremsausrüstung, die aus Scheibenbremsen und Schienenbremsen bestehen kann.Brake equipment shown, which can consist of disc brakes and rail brakes.
Der Übertragung von Längskräften dient eine aus zwei Stangenteilen 4 und 5 gebildete Übertragungsstange, wobei diese Stangenteile 4 und 5 in einem um die Fahrzeugquerachse drehbeweglichen Gelenk 6 verbunden sind. Das erste Stangenteil 4 greift an einem Anlenkpunkt 3 des Wagenkastens 11 an; das zweite Stangenteil 5 ist an einem Anlenkpunkt 2 des Drehgestellrahmens 1 befestigt, der einen relativ geringen Höhenabstand h von der Schienenoberkante SO aufweist.The transmission of longitudinal forces is carried out by a transmission rod formed from two rod parts 4 and 5, these rod parts 4 and 5 being connected in a joint 6 which is rotatable about the transverse axis of the vehicle. The first rod part 4 engages at a pivot point 3 of the body 11; the second rod part 5 is attached to an articulation point 2 of the bogie frame 1, which has a relatively small height distance h from the upper rail edge SO.
Im Hinblick auf die Längskraftübertragung sowohl in Zugrichtung als auch in Druckrichtung sind die Stangenteile 4 und 5 der Übertragungsstange sowie das bevorzugt als breites Scharniergelenk gestaltete drehbewegliche Gelenk 6 knicksteif ausgeführt, wobei das Gelenk 6 in beiden Vertikalrichtungen kraftübertragend am Drehge- stellrahmen 1 angeschlossen ist. Dieser kraftübertragende Anschluß wird nach den Ausführungsbeispielen durch ein Gelenkgetriebe gebildet, das zwei im Ausgangszustand parallele pendelartige Lenker 7 aufweist, die mit dem Gelenk 6 und dem Kopfträger 8 des Drehgestellrahmens 1 verbunden sind. Durch diesen Anschluß ist im übrigen günstig die Knicklänge auf das jeweilige Stangenteil 4 bzw. 5 begrenzt.With regard to the transmission of longitudinal force both in the pulling direction and in the pushing direction, the rod parts 4 and 5 of the transmission rod and the rotatable joint 6, which is preferably designed as a wide hinge joint, are designed to be kink-resistant, the joint 6 being connected to the bogie frame 1 in a force-transmitting manner in both vertical directions. According to the exemplary embodiments, this force-transmitting connection is formed by an articulated gear which has two pendulum-like links 7 which are parallel in the initial state and which are connected to the articulation 6 and the head support 8 of the bogie frame 1. By this connection, the buckling length is favorably limited to the respective rod part 4 or 5.
Die erfindungsgemäße Anlenkung läßt - außer in Längs- richtung, in der ja die Kraftübertragung erfolgen soll - alle Beweglichkeiten zwischen Drehgestell und Wagenkasten zu, nämlich Ausdrehen um die Hochachse, Tauchen, Translation quer, Nicken und Wanken. Bei diesen verschiedenen Arten von Relativbewegungen besitzt die Übertragungs- Stange unterschiedliche Gesamtlängen und Anlenkpunkte : - 4 -The articulation according to the invention - except in the longitudinal direction, in which the power transmission is to take place - allows all mobility between the bogie and the body, namely turning out about the vertical axis, diving, translation across, pitching and swaying. With these different types of relative movements, the transmission rod has different overall lengths and articulation points: - 4 -
Für Bewegungen in der Grundrißebene (horizontal), also Ausdrehen um die Hochachse und Translation quer, verbindet das Gelenk 6 die beiden Teile 4 und 5 der Übertragungsstange steif; die Übertragungs- stange besitzt die effektive Länge L zwischen den Anlenkpunkten 2 und 3.For movements in the plan (horizontal) plane, ie turning around the vertical axis and translation transversely, the joint 6 rigidly connects the two parts 4 and 5 of the transmission rod; the transmission rod has the effective length L between the articulation points 2 and 3.
Für Bewegungen in der Aufrißebene (vertikal), also Tauchen und Nicken, ist die Übertragungsstange im Gelenk 6 beweglich, das wie beschrieben in senkrechter Ebene starr am Drehgestellrahmen 1 befestigt ist. Die Übertragungsstange umfaßt effektiv nur ihr Teil 4 mit der Länge Ll zwischen dem Anlenkpunkt 3 und dem drehbeweglichen Gelenk 6.For movements in the tearing plane (vertical), that is to say diving and nodding, the transmission rod is movable in the joint 6, which, as described, is rigidly attached to the bogie frame 1 in a vertical plane. The transmission rod effectively comprises only its part 4 with the length L1 between the articulation point 3 and the rotatable joint 6.
Wankbewegungen werden durch kardanische Verdrehung um den Anlenkpunkt 3 am Wagenkasten 11 aufgenommen.Rolling movements are recorded by gimbaling around the articulation point 3 on the body 11.
Durch eine Schrägstellung des ersten Teils 4 der Über- tragungsstange um den Winkel ß kann erreicht werden, daß die Wirkungslinie der Längskräfte die Drehgestellmitte auf Höhe der Schienenoberkante SO schneidet. Da das zweite Stangenteil 5 keine Vertikalbeweglichkeit gegenüber dem Drehgestellrahmen 1 besitzt, können Antriebs- komponenten, wie hier die Fahrmotore 9, in unmittelbarer Nähe dieses Stangenteiles 5 angeordnet werden. Außerdem ist im Sinne des möglichst großen freien Einbauraumes für die Antriebskomponenten insbesondere das Stangenteil 5 flach gestaltet, d. h., dessen Bauhöhe ist wesentlich kleiner als die Baubreite (unter Berücksichtigung der er orderlichen Knicksteifigkeit ) .By inclining the first part 4 of the transmission rod by the angle β, it can be achieved that the line of action of the longitudinal forces intersects the center of the bogie at the level of the top edge of the rail SO. Since the second rod part 5 has no vertical mobility with respect to the bogie frame 1, drive components, such as the traction motors 9 here, can be arranged in the immediate vicinity of this rod part 5. In addition, in the sense of the largest possible free installation space for the drive components, the rod part 5 in particular is designed flat, i. that is, the overall height is considerably smaller than the overall width (taking into account the required buckling stiffness).
Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 und 4 ist der drehgestellseitige Anlenkpunkt 2 des Stangenteiles 5 um eine Strecke e aus der Quermitte des Drehgestelles in Längsrichtung auf das drehbewegliche Gelenk 6 hin - 5 -In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, the articulation point 2 of the rod part 5 on the bogie side is a distance e from the transverse center of the bogie in the longitudinal direction towards the rotatable joint 6 - 5 -
versetzt. Die durch diesen Versatz verursachten Rückwirkungen auf die Ausdrehkraft des Drehgestelles kompensieren weitgehend die Rückwirkungen, die aus der Führung des Gelenkes 6 verursacht werden, weil sich das Gelenk 6 durch die beiden parallelen pendelartigen Lenker 7 seitlich nicht auf einer Ebene, sondern auf einer Kugeloberfläche mit dem Radius L2 bewegt.added. The repercussions caused by this offset on the boring force of the bogie largely compensate for the repercussions caused by the guidance of the joint 6, because the joint 6 is not laterally on one plane, but on a spherical surface with the two parallel pendulum-type links 7 Radius L2 moves.
Liste der BezuαszeichenList of reference characters
1 Drehgestellrahmen1 bogie frame
2 Anlenkpunkt am Drehgestellrahmen2 articulation point on the bogie frame
3 Anlenkpunkt am Wagenkasten 4 erstes Teil einer Übertragungsstange3 pivot point on the body 4 first part of a transmission rod
5 zweites Teil einer Übertragungsstange5 second part of a transmission rod
6 drehbewegliches Gelenk (Scharniergelenk)6 rotatable joint (hinge joint)
7 pendelartiger Lenker, als Teil eines Gelenkgetriebes7 pendulum-type handlebars, as part of an articulated gear
8 Kopfträger des Drehgestellrahmens 9 Fahrmotor8 bogie frame head carriers 9 traction motor
10 Radsatz10 wheelset
11 Wagenkasten11 car body
L effektive Länge der Übertragungsstange 4, 5 zwischen den Anlenkpunkten 2 und 3 Ll effektive Länge der Übertragungsstange - hier nurL effective length of the transmission rod 4, 5 between the articulation points 2 and 3 Ll effective length of the transmission rod - here only
Teil 4 - zwischen dem Anlenkpunkt 3 und dem Gelenk 6 L2 Radius der seitlichen Beweglichkeit des Drehgestells auf einer Kugeloberfläche SO Schienenoberkante h Höhenabstand des drehgestellseitigen Anlenkpunktes 2 von der Schienenoberkante e Strecke, um die der drehgestellseitige Anlenkpunkt 2 aus der Drehgestel lmitte in Längsrichtung auf das Gelenk 6 hin versetzt ist ß Winkel der Schrägste 1 lung des ersten Teils 4 derPart 4 - between the articulation point 3 and the joint 6 L2 radius of the lateral mobility of the bogie on a spherical surface SO upper rail edge h height distance of the bogie-side articulation point 2 from the upper rail edge e distance by which the bogie-side articulation point 2 from the bogie center in the longitudinal direction onto the joint 6 is offset ß angle of the slant 1 tion of the first part 4 of the
Übertragungsstange Transmission rod

Claims

- 6 -Patentansprüche - 6 patent claims
1. Vorrichtung zur Übertragung der Längskräfte eines Drehgestelles auf den Wagenkasten eines Schienenfahrzeuges, insbesondere eines Triebfahrzeuges mit hoher Zugkraft, mit einer in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung angeordneten Übertragungsstange aus zwei Ξtangenteilen (4, 5), von denen ein Stangenteil (4) an einem Anlenkpunkt (3) des1. Device for transmitting the longitudinal forces of a bogie to the body of a rail vehicle, in particular a traction vehicle with high tractive force, with a transmission rod arranged in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and consisting of two Ξtangenteile (4, 5), of which a rod part (4) at an articulation point (3) of
Wagenkastens (11) und das andere Stangenteil (5) an einem Anlenkpunkt (2) des Drehgestellrahmens (1) angreift, wobei die zwei Stangenteile (4, 5) in einem um die Fahrzeugquerachse drehbeweglichen Gelenk (6) verbunden sind, das gegenüber dem Drehges ellrahmen (1) vertikal abgestützt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwei Stangenteile (4, 5) und das drehbewegliche Gelenk (6) knicksteif ausgeführt sind, wobei das Gelenk (6) in beiden Vertikalrichtungen kraftübertragend am Drehge- stellrahmen (1) angeschlossen ist.Carriage body (11) and the other rod part (5) engages at a pivot point (2) of the bogie frame (1), the two rod parts (4, 5) being connected in a joint (6) which is rotatable about the transverse axis of the vehicle and which is opposite the rotary joint El frame (1) is supported vertically, characterized in that the two rod parts (4, 5) and the rotatable joint (6) are designed to be kink-resistant, the joint (6) being connected to the rotating frame (1) in a force-transmitting manner in both vertical directions .
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das drehbewegliche Gelenk (6) als Scharniergelenk gestaltet ist.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotatable joint (6) is designed as a hinge joint.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der kraftübertragende Anschluß des drehbeweglichen Gelenkes (6) am Drehgestellrahmen (1) durch ein Gelenkgetriebe gebildet ist.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the force-transmitting connection of the rotatable joint (6) on the bogie frame (1) is formed by an articulated gear.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gelenkgetriebe zwei im Ausgangszustand parallele pendelartige Lenker (7) aufweist, die mit dem drehbeweglichen Gelenk (6) und dem Kopfträger (8) des Drehge- stellrahmens (1) verbunden sind. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the articulated gear has two in the initial state parallel pendulum-type link (7) which are connected to the rotatable joint (6) and the head support (8) of the bogie frame (1).
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das am Wagenkasten (11) angelenkte Stangenteil (4) in Vertikalebene geneigt angeordnet ist.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rod part (4) articulated on the car body (11) is arranged inclined in the vertical plane.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der drehgestellseitige Anlenkpunkt (2) des Stangenteiles (5) um eine Strecke (e) aus der Quermitte des Drehgestelles in Längsrichtung auf das drehbewegliche Gelenk (6) hin versetzt ist, wobei die durch diesen Versatz (Strecke e) verursachten Rückwirkungen auf die Ausdrehkraft des Drehgestelles die aus der Führung des Gelenkes (6) verursachten Rückwirkungen auf die Ausdrehkraft kompensieren. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the bogie-side articulation point (2) of the rod part (5) is offset by a distance (e) from the transverse center of the bogie in the longitudinal direction on the rotatable joint (6), the repercussions on the turning force of the bogie caused by this offset (distance e) compensate for the repercussions on the turning force caused by the guidance of the joint (6).
EP99916783A 1998-03-12 1999-03-09 Device for transmitting the axial forces of a bogie to the superstructure of a rail vehicle, especially a motor vehicle with high tractive power Expired - Lifetime EP1062139B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19810697 1998-03-12
DE19810697A DE19810697A1 (en) 1998-03-12 1998-03-12 Longitudinal force transmission device for running gear of a locomotive
PCT/DE1999/000682 WO1999046155A1 (en) 1998-03-12 1999-03-09 Device for transmitting the axial forces of a bogie to the superstructure of a rail vehicle, especially a motor vehicle with high tractive power

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1062139A1 true EP1062139A1 (en) 2000-12-27
EP1062139B1 EP1062139B1 (en) 2002-12-04

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Family Applications (1)

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EP99916783A Expired - Lifetime EP1062139B1 (en) 1998-03-12 1999-03-09 Device for transmitting the axial forces of a bogie to the superstructure of a rail vehicle, especially a motor vehicle with high tractive power

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US6397760B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1062139B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1097536C (en)
AT (1) ATE228951T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2322414A1 (en)
DE (2) DE19810697A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2189409T3 (en)
NO (1) NO20004407L (en)
PT (1) PT1062139E (en)
WO (1) WO1999046155A1 (en)

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CN100484816C (en) * 2006-11-20 2009-05-06 南车株洲电力机车有限公司 Composition type draw gear of locomotive
DE102007013050B4 (en) 2007-03-19 2011-05-12 Siemens Ag Suspension for a rail vehicle
AT510492A1 (en) * 2010-09-21 2012-04-15 Siemens Ag Oesterreich WEIGHT-OPTIMIZED CONNECTION OF THE VEHICLE OF A RAIL VEHICLE TO A VEHICLE BOX
USD756207S1 (en) 2014-04-15 2016-05-17 General Electric Company Center pivot
CZ308667B6 (en) * 2019-06-26 2021-02-03 ŠKODA TRANSPORTATION a.s A pair of traction rods for transmitting longitudinal forces between the bogie and the body of a rail vehicle

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE228951T1 (en) 2002-12-15
EP1062139B1 (en) 2002-12-04
PT1062139E (en) 2003-04-30
ES2189409T3 (en) 2003-07-01
WO1999046155A1 (en) 1999-09-16
DE19810697A1 (en) 1999-09-16
CA2322414A1 (en) 1999-09-16
US6397760B1 (en) 2002-06-04
CN1292755A (en) 2001-04-25
CN1097536C (en) 2003-01-01
NO20004407D0 (en) 2000-09-04
DE59903650D1 (en) 2003-01-16
NO20004407L (en) 2000-11-13

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