EP1046724B1 - Matériau composite à matrice métallique contenant des fibres et son procédé de préparation - Google Patents

Matériau composite à matrice métallique contenant des fibres et son procédé de préparation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1046724B1
EP1046724B1 EP00890121A EP00890121A EP1046724B1 EP 1046724 B1 EP1046724 B1 EP 1046724B1 EP 00890121 A EP00890121 A EP 00890121A EP 00890121 A EP00890121 A EP 00890121A EP 1046724 B1 EP1046724 B1 EP 1046724B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vol
matrix
ceramic
process according
fibre
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00890121A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1046724A2 (fr
EP1046724A3 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Peter Prof. Dr. Degischer
Herbert Prof. Dr. Danninger
Brigitte Dr. Kriszt
Helmut Dipl. Ing. Ponemayr
Manfred Dipl. Ing. Daxelmller
Gottfried Dipl. Ing. Pöckl
Knut Dr. Consemüller
Bruno Dr Hribernik
Frantisek Dr. Simancik
Karol Dr. Izdinsky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Edelstahl GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine Edelstahl GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voestalpine Edelstahl GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Edelstahl GmbH
Priority to AT00890121T priority Critical patent/ATE306570T1/de
Priority to SI200030781T priority patent/SI1046724T1/sl
Publication of EP1046724A2 publication Critical patent/EP1046724A2/fr
Publication of EP1046724A3 publication Critical patent/EP1046724A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1046724B1 publication Critical patent/EP1046724B1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/14—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by powder metallurgy, i.e. by processing mixtures of metal powder and fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
    • B22F1/062—Fibrous particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a metal-ceramic material with a matrix of one Heavy metal or a similar alloy, in particular from a Iron-nickel-molybdenum or cobalt-based alloy, and one in this uniform distributed from short fibers formed ceramic phase, the particles optionally a Wear surface layer.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a Material of the above type.
  • Substantially homogeneous materials can be characterized by their composition and Treatment, in particular thermal or thermomechanical treatment, the Requirements to be adapted to this.
  • the metals used by alloying and processing measures attainable property level and Like profile no longer a great way to improve include. Nevertheless, particularly pronounced stresses on parts Account has been taken of a use of heterogeneous or composite materials proposed and realized.
  • Composite bodies generally consist of at least two parts, the have different properties and according to the requirements with each other preferably non-detachably connected.
  • the respective parts take over those Stresses for which this particular suitability.
  • fiber reinforced composite is technically well known and denotes an object consisting of a mostly tough matrix, in which insoluble high-strength fibers are embedded .. This article possesses Consequently, at the same time advantageous good toughness and high rigidity and Strength in the fiber direction.
  • the Fiber material may consist of oxides, borides, nitrides, carbides and mixed forms consist of the same.
  • the ceramic fibers have, as stated above, consistently high temperature resistance as well as strength and rigidity, So cause a so-called reinforcement of a less firm, but tough Matrix metal.
  • a correspondingly long length and a like proportion of Fibers appear to be effective in incorporating them into the matrix and advantageous embodiment of a property segment of the composite of to be essential.
  • Such a reinforcement of the metallic material by high-strength fibers is pronounced usually only in one direction, namely the fiber direction, given what is in disadvantageously limits its general use. Also Manufacturing technology difficulties in an installation of appropriate be given long fibers.
  • a material which consists of a hard phase of TiN with short fibers having a diameter of 0.01 to 0.1 .mu.m, and a Binding phase consists of alloyed steel.
  • the stated object is in a generic subject According to the invention solved in that the ceramic short fibers have a diameter of 0.5 to 14.5 microns and a fiber length of at least 5 times but not more than 15 times the fiber diameter.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are to be seen essentially in an isotropy of the material with significantly improved mechanical properties such as high strength and toughness and thermal shock resistance. It was completely surprising to the experts that short fibers in a heavy metal matrix can effect a sudden and pronounced improvement of the mechanical properties and that this is given in all directions. If the fiber length reaches a value of less than 5 times the diameter, substantially no solidification of the material is achievable, a transition to a dispersion hardening of the material, which is significantly lower for the same concentration of the ceramic particles, takes place only at a particle size in the range of 1x10 -1 ⁇ m. Longer lengths than 15 times the fiber diameter promote the anisotropy of the composite with fracture of the fibers in adjacent regions in a high compaction.
  • the fibers When it has been found, the fibers have a diameter in the range of 0.5 to Have 14.5 microns, their gain is particularly favorable and the Composite material economically producible. Fibers with a diameter of below Although 0.5 ⁇ m can be highly efficient in high proportions, a homogeneous one However, incorporation into the matrix requires considerable effort. In contrast, fibers with a thickness greater than 14.5 microns are increased Risk of breakage during material production.
  • the highest material quality is achieved with a fiber diameter of 0.7 to 9.5 ⁇ m reached.
  • the fiber content of the material 5 to 69 Vol. -% is. With concentrations below 5 vol .-% is not clear and favorable Influencing the material properties achievable. About 5 vol .-% is with increasing short fiber content an increase in strength, in particular Heat resistance, and the wear resistance of the composite given. Of particular importance are the simultaneously achieved improved thermal stability or reduced creep phenomena under hot conditions as well as a high thermomechanical fatigue resistance of the material. Larger short fiber fractions will further increase the modulus of elasticity the material and a reduction in the thermal conductivity causes the latter is to be considered in the thermal treatment of the matrix metal.
  • a fiber content of greater than 20 vol .-%, preferably greater than 30 vol .-% can from it in a favorable manner Parts are manufactured for high abrasive loads.
  • a Hot deformation optionally by press forging, preferably with a Reduction of the cross-sectional area by at least 20%, be provided wherein the composite body has a fiber content of at most 30% by volume, preferably less than 20% by volume.
  • the matrix material of the composite material of an iron-nickel-molybdenum or Cobalt-based alloy with high heat resistance in particular of an alloy with a decrease in strength at a temperature of over 600 ° C, in particular above 615 ° C, is formed.
  • the matrix material is copper or a copper alloy, can despite high fiber content and the like mechanical characteristics still considerable heat and electrical conductivity properties of the material be achieved.
  • the material by Hot isostatic pressing of a homogeneous mixture ceramic fibers of matrix metal powder with a grain size of 15 to 200 microns, preferably less than 50 microns, and optionally of carbides with a Grain size of less than 25 microns is created.
  • HIP method Hot isostatic pressing
  • the further object of the invention is a process for the production of To create metal-ceramic materials is inventively characterized achieved that the ceramic short fibers with a diameter between 0.5 and 14.5 microns and with a fiber length of at least 5 times, but not more than 15 times that of Fiber diameter created and with one or more ultimately the matrix forming metal powder with a particle size between 15 and 200 microns and optionally mixed homogeneously with a hard powder and directed on all sides are distributed, whereupon the thus prepared mixture is sintered.
  • the process advantages of the invention are to be seen in particular in that the miscibility of the ingredients is improved so that a homogeneous Distribution of short fibers can be achieved with less time. Furthermore, there is a general orientation of the short fibers and thus a creation Good conditions for a production of isotropic material to simple Way possible, with lower particle sizes of the powders have an advantageous effect can. Due to the low fiber length can also be a high density of the mixture at vibration, a so-called high tapping density, in the capsule before the Sintering can be achieved. When sintering itself, however, are slightly elongated Sintering times apply because higher fiber content of the temperature line of the Mixture humiliated.
  • a particularly high quality of the composite is achievable when short fibers with a diameter between 0.5 and 14.5 microns, preferably from 0.7 to 9.5 microns, and a fiber length of preferably at most 12 times the Diameter created and with the ultimately forming the matrix metal powder, which preferably has a particle size of less than 50 microns, mixed and be sintered.
  • High-hardness and solid metal-ceramic materials with much greater hardness, in particular hot hardness, as high-speed steel, but with lower hardness than Carbide, however, which are not thermoformable, for example, as wear resistant tool parts are advantageously used economically when the Sintered body with a short fiber content of greater than 20 vol .-%, preferably from greater than 30 vol .-% produced and by machining, for Example loops, being final formed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Matériau métallo-céramique comprenant une matrice en métal lourd ou en alliage de même type, notamment en alliage à base de fer-nickel-molybdène ou cobalt, et une phase céramique composée de fibres courtes et uniformément répartie dans ladite matrice, caractérisé en ce que les fibres céramiques courtes ont un diamètre de 0,5 à 14,5 µm et une longueur d'au moins 5 fois, mais au maximum 15 fois, le diamètre des fibres.
  2. Matériau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la longueur des fibres est égale au maximum à 10 fois leur diamètre.
  3. Matériau selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les fibres ont un diamètre de 0,7 à 9,5 µm.
  4. Matériau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en fibres est de 5 à 69 % vol.
  5. Matériau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il est destiné à une utilisation à l'état non déformé et présente une teneur en fibres supérieure à 20 % wol., de préférence supérieure à 30 % vol.
  6. Matériau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les fibres courtes portent une couche superficielle.
  7. Matériau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il est déformé à chaud, présente de préférence une déformation à chaud avec réduction d'au moins 20 % de la superficie de la section transversale et a une teneur en fibres de 30 % vol. au maximum, de préférence inférieure à 20 % vol.
  8. Matériau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de la matrice est composé d'un alliage à base de fer-nickel-molybdène ou cobalt hautement résistant à la chaleur, notamment un alliage dont la perte de résistance se situe au-delà de 600 ° C, notamment au-delà de 615 °C.
  9. Matériau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de la matrice se compose de cuivre ou d'un alliage de cuivre.
  10. Matériau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il est produit par compression isostatique à chaud (Procédé CIC ou HIP) d'un mélange homogène de fibres céramiques et de poudre de métal matricielle d'une grosseur de grain de 15 à 200 µm, de préférence inférieure à 50 µm, et éventuellement de carbures d'une grosseur de grain inférieure à 25 µm.
  11. Procédé de préparation de matériaux métallo-céramiques comprenant une matrice en métal lourd ou en alliage de même type, notamment en alliage à base de fer-nickel-molybdène ou cobalt, et une phase céramique composée de fibres courtes et uniformément répartie dans ladite matrice, notamment procédé de fabrication d'objets selon les revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les fibres céramiques courtes sont réalisées avec un diamètre compris entre 0,5 et 14,5 µm et une longueur d'au moins 5 fois, mais au maximum 15 fois, le diamètre des fibres, sont mélangées de manière homogène avec une ou plusieurs poudre(s) de métal formant finalement la matrice, poudre(s) dont la grosseur de grain est comprise entre 15 et 200 µm, et éventuellement avec une poudre d'une substance dure et sont réparties avec une orientation polydirectionnelle, à la suite de quoi le mélange ainsi obtenu est fritté.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que des fibres courtes sont réalisées avec un diamètre de 0,7 à 9,5 µm et une longueur de préférence égale au maximum à 12 fois leur diamètre et sont mélangées à la poudre de métal formant finalement la matrice, ladite poudre de métal ayant de préférence une grosseur de grain inférieure à 50 µm.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise comme poudre de métal une poudre d'acier à outils, de préférence une poudre d'acier rapide.
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les grains de la poudre métallique sont superficiellement alliés à l'azote ou nitrurés, avant ou pendant le frittage.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 14, caractérisé en ce que le mélangeage des fibres courtes avec la ou les poudre(s) de métal et/ou un remplissage d'un container ou encapsulation en vue d'un frittage est(sont) effectué(s) sous atmosphère d'azote.
  16. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 15, caractérisé en ce que le frittage du mélangé s'effectue sous pression.
  17. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 15, caractérisé en ce que le frittage du mélange se fait sous application d'une pression polydirectionnelle ou par compression isostatique à chaud.
  18. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 17, caractérisé en ce que le comprimé fritté est préparé avec une teneur en fibres courtes supérieure à 20 % vol., de préférence supérieure à 30 % vol., et est fini par usinage par enlèvement de copeaux, par exemple par rectification.
  19. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 17, caractérisé en ce que le comprimé fritté est préparé avec une teneur en fibres courtes de 25 % vol. au maximum, de préférence de 20 % vol. au maximum, et est soumis à une déformation à chaud.
  20. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 19, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise des fibres courtes qui portent une couche superficielle.
  21. Utilisation d'un matériau métallo-céramique selon les revendications 1 à 10, préparé suivant un procédé selon les revendications 11 à 20, pour créer des moules pour moulage sous pression ainsi que pour des moulés pour plastique à haute performance, même à des températures extrêmes.
EP00890121A 1999-04-19 2000-04-18 Matériau composite à matrice métallique contenant des fibres et son procédé de préparation Expired - Lifetime EP1046724B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT00890121T ATE306570T1 (de) 1999-04-19 2000-04-18 Metallmatrix -faserverbundkörper und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
SI200030781T SI1046724T1 (sl) 1999-04-19 2000-04-18 Kompozitni material na osnovi kovinske matrice, ojacene s keramicnimi vlakni, in postopek izdelave le-tega

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT69699 1999-04-19
AT0069699A AT408527B (de) 1999-04-19 1999-04-19 Metall-keramischer werkstoff und verfahren zu dessen herstellung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1046724A2 EP1046724A2 (fr) 2000-10-25
EP1046724A3 EP1046724A3 (fr) 2004-01-07
EP1046724B1 true EP1046724B1 (fr) 2005-10-12

Family

ID=3497418

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00890121A Expired - Lifetime EP1046724B1 (fr) 1999-04-19 2000-04-18 Matériau composite à matrice métallique contenant des fibres et son procédé de préparation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1046724B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT408527B (fr)
DE (1) DE50011313D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1046724T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2250095T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10145179B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2018-12-04 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Fiber-reinforced tools for downhole use
WO2015088560A1 (fr) 2013-12-13 2015-06-18 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Outils renforcés de fibres pour une utilisation en fond de trou
CN107427919A (zh) 2015-04-24 2017-12-01 哈里伯顿能源服务公司 金属基复合材料的中尺度加强

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51141704A (en) * 1975-05-31 1976-12-06 Honda Motor Co Ltd A process for production of short fibre reinforced composite material
JPS5246316A (en) * 1975-10-11 1977-04-13 Sumitomo Alum Smelt Co Ltd Process for producing aluminium base composite material reinforced wit h alumina fiber
US4140170A (en) * 1977-09-06 1979-02-20 Baum Charles S Method of forming composite material containing sintered particles
JPS6247409A (ja) * 1985-08-26 1987-03-02 Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd 自溶性合金粉末シ−トとこのシ−トを用いた金属母材の表面改質方法
JPH03188244A (ja) * 1989-12-18 1991-08-16 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 焼結合金鋼
US5413851A (en) * 1990-03-02 1995-05-09 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Coated fibers
DE4241420C1 (de) * 1992-12-09 1993-11-25 Mtu Muenchen Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen oder Substraten mit Verbundbeschichtungen und dessen Anwendung
DE4324755C1 (de) * 1993-07-23 1994-09-22 Mtu Muenchen Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung faserverstärkter Triebwerkskomponenten

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1046724A2 (fr) 2000-10-25
ATA69699A (de) 2001-05-15
AT408527B (de) 2001-12-27
DK1046724T3 (da) 2006-02-06
EP1046724A3 (fr) 2004-01-07
ES2250095T3 (es) 2006-04-16
DE50011313D1 (de) 2006-02-23

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