EP1045973B1 - Brennstoffeinspritzventil - Google Patents

Brennstoffeinspritzventil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1045973B1
EP1045973B1 EP99947242A EP99947242A EP1045973B1 EP 1045973 B1 EP1045973 B1 EP 1045973B1 EP 99947242 A EP99947242 A EP 99947242A EP 99947242 A EP99947242 A EP 99947242A EP 1045973 B1 EP1045973 B1 EP 1045973B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piezoelectric actuator
fuel injection
compensating
temperature
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99947242A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1045973A1 (de
Inventor
Hubert Stier
Guenther Hohl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1045973A1 publication Critical patent/EP1045973A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1045973B1 publication Critical patent/EP1045973B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/167—Means for compensating clearance or thermal expansion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/50—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/21—Fuel-injection apparatus with piezoelectric or magnetostrictive elements

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a fuel injector according to the genus of the main claim. It is already out of the DE 195 38 791 A1 a fuel injector for Known fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, in which a valve closing body by a piezoelectric actuator is actuated.
  • the piezoelectric Actuator is made of several piezo layers from one built up piezoelectric material. Between the piezo layers there are electrodes around the piezo layers to apply an electrical voltage and thus to cause an expansion of the piezoelectric actuator is used to actuate the valve closing body.
  • piezoelectric Actuators are basically their temperature expansion. Piezoelectric materials, in contrast to common ones Materials such as steel or plastics, a negative coefficient of thermal expansion. This requires that the piezoelectric actuator with increasing Temperature contracts while the surrounding case expands. The different coefficients of thermal expansion of the piezoelectric actuator on the one hand and the housing on the other hand cause one temperature dependent valve lift if not by appropriate measures are compensated.
  • valve housing in two parts from two to design different materials. For example it is proposed that a housing part made of steel and that to manufacture other housing parts from Invar. By suitable Length selection of the first housing part made of steel and the second Housing part from Invar should be achieved that the overall resulting thermal expansion of the housing to the Thermal expansion of the piezoelectric actuator is adjusted and thus the piezoelectric actuator and the housing surrounding the piezoelectric actuator in the same way stretch or contract depending on temperature.
  • the disadvantage of this solution is that it is complex Manufacture of the valve housing and the relatively large cost for the material of the second housing part, which is preferably consists of Invar. It should also be borne in mind that the Valve housing and the actuator have a different temperature can have. So the piezoelectric actuator due to its heat loss, especially with a frequent Heat up fuel injector actuation and its temperature only slowly to the valve body transfer. On the other hand, the temperature of the Valve housing by the waste heat from the internal combustion engine affects at which the fuel injector is mounted. This type of temperature compensation is therefore not satisfying.
  • the fuel injector according to the invention with the has the characteristic feature of the main claim the advantage that the fuel injector significantly improved temperature compensation Has piezoelectric actuator.
  • one or more temperature compensation layers to provide a coefficient of thermal expansion have the sign of the coefficient of thermal expansion the opposite of the piezo layers.
  • the temperature compensation layers By embedding the temperature compensation layers into the piezo layers of the piezoelectric actuator ensured that the temperature compensation layers the same temperature or the same temperature profile are subject like the piezo layers of the actuator. In particular, there is extensive contact between the Piezo layers and the temperature compensation layers, so that a quick adjustment of the temperature of the Temperature compensation layers to the temperature of the Piezo layers are made. This is important because the Heat loss of the piezoelectric actuator at a Varying the frequency of actuation of the fuel injector due to a change in speed of the Internal combustion engine may be subject to significant fluctuations can. Due to the large-scale contact of the temperature compensating layers to the piezo layers and the close proximity to the piezo layers achieved by the temperature compensation layers caused temperature compensation these fluctuations can follow quickly. Also a change in temperature of the actuator due to fluctuating waste heat Internal combustion engine can with the solution according to the invention be compensated quickly. A complex forced temperature control of the piezoelectric actuator is not required.
  • the Temperature compensation layers simultaneously as Electrodes for controlling the piezo layers are used if the temperature compensation layers made of a metallic Material.
  • the piezoelectric actuator to a large extent is temperature compensated. Nevertheless, that is the actor surrounding valve body, which is usually made of a metal or a plastic material, but still one Subjected to thermal expansion, resulting in a temperature-dependent positional displacement of the valve seat body compared to the valve closing body connected to the actuator can lead.
  • the invention one preferably made of a ceramic material existing compensating sleeve provided that either the piezoelectric actuator surrounds or in turn by the piezoelectric actuator is surrounded.
  • the piezoelectric Actuator is supported either on the compensating sleeve Valve housing from or operated via the compensating sleeve and if necessary via a valve needle Valve closing body.
  • the compensating sleeve is the same has axial length as the piezoelectric actuator, so the The temperature of the valve housing has no influence on the axial position of the valve closing body relative to the axial Position of the valve seat body, i.e. it becomes compensation the temperature of the valve body is reached.
  • the piezoelectric actuator is over at a first end a valve needle connected to the valve closing body and the compensating sleeve lies at a first end on the Valve housing.
  • a plate-shaped one Connection element is by means of a spring on a second End of the compensating sleeve and at a second end of the piezoelectric actuator kept in contact.
  • the piezoelectric actuator is supported on one solution first end on the valve housing and the compensating sleeve is connected to the valve needle at a first end Valve closing body connected.
  • FIG. 1 A first embodiment of an inventive Injector is shown in section in Fig. 1.
  • the generally designated by the reference numeral 1 Fuel injector is used to inject Fuel especially with a spark-ignited, mixture-compressed internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel injector 1 has one with a Valve needle 3 integrally formed valve closing body 2, together with a valve seat body 4, a sealing seat forms. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 the fuel injector 1 is a after outward opening fuel injector 1.
  • One Valve seat 5 is therefore on the outside of the Valve seat body 4 arranged.
  • the valve seat body 4 is in an axial longitudinal bore 6 a valve housing 7 used and for example by Welding tightly connected to the valve housing 7.
  • the Fuel is supplied through a fuel inlet opening 8 in the valve housing 7 and is over a Spring receiving space 9 from the valve closing body 2 and the valve seat body 4 formed sealing seat supplied.
  • spring receiving space 9 In through the axial longitudinal bore 6 of the valve housing 7 formed spring receiving space 9 is a return spring 10 arranged, which is between the valve seat body 4 and a flange 11 of the valve needle 3 extends.
  • the Return spring 10 transmits a to the valve needle 3 Restoring force in the closing direction of the fuel injector 1.
  • the actuation of the valve needle 3 and the Valve closing body 2 takes place via a piezoelectric Actuator 12, whose first end 13 on an end face 14 of the Flange 11 of the valve needle 3 is flush.
  • a piezoelectric Actuator 12 whose first end 13 on an end face 14 of the Flange 11 of the valve needle 3 is flush.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 12 stretches this in its axial longitudinal direction and moves the valve needle 3 and that with the valve needle 3 one-piece valve closing body 2 in FIG. 1 down so that the fuel injector 1 opens.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 12 After switching off the electrical excitation voltage the piezoelectric actuator 12 together again, so that the valve closing body 2 by the return spring 10 in its closed position is returned.
  • the special feature of the invention is that Layer structure of the piezoelectric actuator 12.
  • Layer structure of the piezoelectric actuator 12 for better Clarification of the invention is a first Embodiment of the layer structure of the piezoelectric Actuator 12 shown in Fig. 2 enlarged.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 12 consists of several stacked arranged piezo layers 21 made of a piezoelectric Material. On the piezo layers 21 are in the usual way Electrodes, for example, by sputtering or vapor deposition applied so that the piezo layers 21 with a electrical voltage can be applied so that an electric field in the piezo layers 21 Direction of the axial longitudinal axis 22 of the Fuel injector 1 adjusts which is an elongation of the piezoelectric actuator 12 causes.
  • the stretching or contraction of the Piezo layers 21 not only from the applied electrical Field strength but also significantly depends on the temperature.
  • ordinary materials a negative Coefficient of thermal expansion ( ⁇ ⁇ 0), i.e. piezoelectric materials pull with increasing Temperature increasingly together.
  • Preventing valve lift is temperature-dependent
  • several temperature compensation layers 20 between the piezo layers 21 are arranged.
  • the Temperature compensation layers 20 have one Coefficient of thermal expansion, the sign of which is the Coefficient of thermal expansion of the piezo layers 21 is opposite, i.e.
  • the temperature compensation layers 20 are made of a material with a positive Coefficient of thermal expansion ( ⁇ > 0) when the piezo layers 21, as usual, a negative Have coefficients of thermal expansion ( ⁇ ⁇ 0).
  • Fig. 2 is in the piezoelectric actuator 12 alternately one Piezo layer 21 and a temperature compensation layer 20 sandwiched.
  • Fig. 3 shows as an enlarged Section II in Fig. 1 with a piezoelectric actuator 12 an alternative layer structure, in each of which one Temperature compensation layer 20 between several piezo layers 21 is arranged.
  • a material with a large size is preferably suitable positive coefficients of thermal expansion, for example aluminum, copper or a suitable one Plastic material. Materials with are also advantageous good thermal conductivity and low Heat capacity so that the temperature of the Temperature compensation layers 20 quickly to the Temperature of the piezo layers 21 adjusts.
  • Temperature compensation layers 20 from one metallic material, can Temperature compensation layers 20 advantageous at the same time as electrodes for the piezo layers 21 serve.
  • the measure according to the invention describes a effective temperature compensation of the piezoelectric actuator 12 achieved so that the resulting coefficient of thermal expansion of the piezoelectric actuator 12 at least is almost zero. If the piezoelectric actuator 12 however directly on a fixed component of the Valve housing 7 would be supported by the temperature-dependent expansion or contraction of the Actuator 12 surrounding areas of the valve housing 7 nevertheless an unintentional relative shift of the Valve seat body 4 with respect to valve closing body 2 take place, which lead to an unintentional valve opening could. According to the invention, it is therefore proposed that To compensate for thermal expansion of the valve housing 7. To a compensating sleeve 23 is provided which surrounds piezoelectric actuator 12.
  • the compensating sleeve 23 is supported with a first end 24 at a stage 25 of the Valve housing 7 from.
  • the first end 13 of the piezoelectric Actuator 12 acts via valve needle 3, as already described on the valve closing body 2. That the first end 24 opposite second end 26 of the Compensating sleeve 23 and the first end 13 opposite second end 27 of the piezoelectric Actuators 12 are connected to one another via a connecting element 28 connected, the plate-shaped in the embodiment is trained.
  • the connecting element 28 is in the Valve housing 7 is movable and becomes in the axial direction by means of a plate spring in the exemplary embodiment trained spring 29 both at the second end 26 of the Compensating sleeve 23 and at the second end 27 of the piezoelectric actuator 12 held in contact.
  • the Valve housing 7 is closed by an end plate 30, on which the spring 29 is supported and with the Main body 31 of the valve housing 7, for example Welding can be connected.
  • the compensating sleeve 23 has the same axial length as the piezoelectric actuator 12 and consists of a material with an extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion, preferably made of a ceramic material or a glass material. Since the piezoelectric actuator 12, as described, temperature compensated, are both Compensating sleeve 23 and the piezoelectric actuator 12 in essentially no temperature-dependent linear expansion subjected.
  • the connecting element 28 is therefore located regardless of the operating temperature of the Fuel injector 1 with respect to stage 25 of Valve housing 7 always in the same axial position and regardless of a possible temperature-dependent Linear expansion of the the compensating sleeve 23 and the Piezoelectric actuator 12 surrounding areas of the Valve housing 7 are subjected.
  • a temperature dependent Expansion of these areas of the valve housing 7 therefore causes no relative axial displacement of the valve seat body 7 opposite the valve closing body 2. If the valve needle 3 and the section between level 25 and Valve seat body 4 of the valve housing 7 from the same Material, causes a temperature change in it Area also no relative change in position of the Valve closing body 2 with respect to the valve seat body 4, see above that the fuel injector 1 is effective as a whole is temperature compensated.
  • Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of a Fuel injector according to the invention 1.
  • the in Fig. 4 embodiment is the Temperature compensation for an inward opening Fuel injector 1 realized.
  • To assign facilitate are already described elements with matching reference numerals so that as far as a repetitive description is unnecessary.
  • Fig. 4 is the piezoelectric actuator 12 sleeve-shaped. He has however, the same layer structure as that in FIGS. 2 and 3 is clarified, i.e. between the piezo layers 21 temperature compensation layers 20 are arranged such that the piezoelectric actuator 12 is temperature compensated. The effective coefficient of thermal expansion of the actuator 12 is therefore essentially zero. Even in the 4 embodiment is preferred compensating sleeve made of a ceramic material 23 provided by the piezoelectric actuator 12 is surrounded.
  • the fuel inlet opening 8 is at one Fuel inlet port 40 on the valve seat body 4th opposite end of fuel injector 1 educated.
  • the supply of fuel to the sealing seat takes place via an axial bore 41 of the fuel inlet connector 40, a recess 42 in the plate-shaped Connecting element 28, an axial longitudinal recess 43 in the Compensating sleeve 23, through holes 44 in the flange 11 the valve needle 3 and the spring receiving space 9.
  • a spring 45 is provided in the spring receiving space 9.
  • a connector 46 is also shown, the for electrical contacting of the piezoelectric actuator 12 serves.
  • the connector 46 can, for example, as Plastic injection molded part.
  • the compensating sleeve 23 has the same axial length as the has piezoelectric actuator 12 and both piezoelectric actuator 12 and the compensating sleeve 23 an extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion valve lift is almost independent of temperature.
  • it has the piezoelectric actuator 12 and the Compensating sleeve 23 surrounding area of the valve housing 7 no influence on the valve stroke, since its thermal expansion is compensated by the spring 29.
  • the flush system of the Flange 11 of the valve needle 3 at the first end 24 of the Compensating sleeve 23 and the flush contact of the second end 26 of the compensating sleeve 23 on the plate-shaped Connecting element 28 also for example by gluing or pressing can be realized.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 corresponds to the one shown in FIG. 4 illustrated embodiment of the fuel flows through centrally, can be rotationally symmetrical Components are used, which is an inexpensive Manufacturing enables.
  • the central of the fuel flow through fuel injector 1 does not require lateral fuel inlet opening 8. Therefore the installation is on an internal combustion engine using conventional hydraulic connection technology simplified. Since none wear parts are used a long service life of the fuel injector according to the invention 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
EP99947242A 1998-10-26 1999-07-20 Brennstoffeinspritzventil Expired - Lifetime EP1045973B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19849203 1998-10-26
DE19849203A DE19849203A1 (de) 1998-10-26 1998-10-26 Brennstoffeinspritzventil
PCT/DE1999/002241 WO2000025019A1 (de) 1998-10-26 1999-07-20 Brennstoffeinspritzventil

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1045973A1 EP1045973A1 (de) 2000-10-25
EP1045973B1 true EP1045973B1 (de) 2003-11-26

Family

ID=7885603

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99947242A Expired - Lifetime EP1045973B1 (de) 1998-10-26 1999-07-20 Brennstoffeinspritzventil

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6422482B1 (cs)
EP (1) EP1045973B1 (cs)
JP (1) JP2002528673A (cs)
KR (1) KR20010033475A (cs)
CZ (1) CZ293699B6 (cs)
DE (2) DE19849203A1 (cs)
WO (1) WO2000025019A1 (cs)

Families Citing this family (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19912666A1 (de) † 1999-03-20 2000-09-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Brennstoffeinspritzentil
DE19928183A1 (de) * 1999-06-19 2001-01-04 Bosch Gmbh Robert Piezoaktor
DE19928179B4 (de) 1999-06-19 2008-07-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Piezoaktor
CZ2002569A3 (cs) * 1999-08-20 2003-06-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ventil k řízení kapalin
DE19946841A1 (de) * 1999-09-30 2001-05-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ventil zum Steuern von Flüssigkeiten
DE10003863B4 (de) * 2000-01-28 2004-11-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Einspritzdüse
US6345771B1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-02-12 Siemens Automotive Corporation Multiple stack piezoelectric actuator for a fuel injector
DE10141136A1 (de) * 2001-04-07 2002-10-10 Continental Teves Ag & Co Ohg Ventil.insbesondere für hydraulische Kraftfahrzeugbremsen
DE10141135A1 (de) * 2001-02-22 2002-09-05 Continental Teves Ag & Co Ohg Ventil, insbesondere für hydraulische Kraftfahrzeug-Bremsanlagen
JP2004526617A (ja) 2001-02-22 2004-09-02 コンチネンタル・テベス・アーゲー・ウント・コンパニー・オーハーゲー 液圧式自動車ブレーキシステム用バルブ
DE10149914A1 (de) * 2001-10-10 2003-04-24 Bosch Gmbh Robert Brennstoffeinspritzventil
DE10159748B4 (de) 2001-12-05 2014-11-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoffeinspritzventil
DE10162250A1 (de) 2001-12-18 2003-07-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Brennstoffeinspritzventil
DE10233906A1 (de) * 2002-07-25 2004-02-19 Siemens Ag Einspritzmodul
WO2005053045A2 (en) * 2003-11-20 2005-06-09 Viking Technologies, L.C. Integral thermal compensation for an electro-mechanical actuator
DE102004027148A1 (de) * 2004-06-03 2005-12-29 Siemens Ag Einspritzventil
DE102004029363B4 (de) * 2004-06-17 2007-10-11 Siemens Ag Piezoelektrischer Stellantrieb für einen Kraftstoffinjektor einer Brennkraftmaschine sowie Verwendung hierfür
DE102004034520B4 (de) * 2004-07-16 2006-11-02 Siemens Ag Piezobetriebener Aktor
DE102005013912A1 (de) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-28 Siemens Ag Piezoaktor
DE602005020172D1 (de) * 2005-12-12 2010-05-06 Continental Automotive Italy S Einpritzventil und Herstellungsverfahren eines solchen Einspritzventils
DE602006013403D1 (de) * 2006-02-03 2010-05-20 Continental Automotive Italy S Flüssigkeitsinjector
DE102007018626A1 (de) * 2007-04-19 2008-10-23 Continental Automotive Gmbh Aktoreinheit für ein Einspritzventil und Einspritzventil
US7665445B2 (en) * 2008-04-18 2010-02-23 Caterpillar Inc. Motion coupler for a piezoelectric actuator
DE102008027151B4 (de) * 2008-06-06 2019-07-18 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Verbrennungsmotors mit einem temperaturabhängigen Einspritzparameter
US8387900B2 (en) * 2011-06-24 2013-03-05 Weidlinger Associates, Inc. Directly-actuated piezoelectric fuel injector with variable flow control
US20130068200A1 (en) * 2011-09-15 2013-03-21 Paul Reynolds Injector Valve with Miniscule Actuator Displacement
DE102011084107A1 (de) 2011-10-06 2013-04-11 Continental Automotive Gmbh Piezoelektrischer Aktuator
CN103470418A (zh) * 2013-08-16 2013-12-25 浙江展途动力科技有限公司 压电直驱式喷油器的压电执行器位置微调与过载保护装置

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JPS63207185A (ja) * 1987-02-23 1988-08-26 Toyota Motor Corp 圧電アクチユエ−タ
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DE59811027D1 (de) * 1997-04-04 2004-04-29 Siemens Ag Einspritzventil mit Mitteln zur Kompensation der thermischen Längenänderung eines Piezoaktors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19849203A1 (de) 2000-04-27
DE59907861D1 (de) 2004-01-08
JP2002528673A (ja) 2002-09-03
KR20010033475A (ko) 2001-04-25
EP1045973A1 (de) 2000-10-25
CZ20002389A3 (cs) 2001-03-14
WO2000025019A1 (de) 2000-05-04
CZ293699B6 (cs) 2004-07-14
US6422482B1 (en) 2002-07-23

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