EP1045419B1 - Ensemble d'électrodes pour dispositifs électriques avec métal liquide - Google Patents

Ensemble d'électrodes pour dispositifs électriques avec métal liquide

Info

Publication number
EP1045419B1
EP1045419B1 EP00106491A EP00106491A EP1045419B1 EP 1045419 B1 EP1045419 B1 EP 1045419B1 EP 00106491 A EP00106491 A EP 00106491A EP 00106491 A EP00106491 A EP 00106491A EP 1045419 B1 EP1045419 B1 EP 1045419B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid metal
electrode arrangement
arrangement according
intermediate layer
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00106491A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1045419A1 (fr
Inventor
Matthias A. Fenner
Suzette Rolle
Peter Terhoeven
Frank Richarz
Andreas Krätzschmar
Thomas Weber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton Industries GmbH
Original Assignee
Moeller GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Moeller GmbH filed Critical Moeller GmbH
Publication of EP1045419A1 publication Critical patent/EP1045419A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1045419B1 publication Critical patent/EP1045419B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H29/00—Switches having at least one liquid contact
    • H01H29/02—Details
    • H01H29/04—Contacts; Containers for liquid contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H87/00—Protective devices in which a current flowing through a liquid or solid is interrupted by the evaporation of the liquid or by the melting and evaporation of the solid when the current becomes excessive, the circuit continuity being reestablished on cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrode assembly for electrical devices with liquid metal according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular for self-recovering current-limiting devices.
  • a current limiting device which contains two electrodes of solid metal, which are formed flat to the interior of the current-limiting device, and which are separated by pressure-resistant insulating bodies. Within the insulating body partially filled, one behind the other compressor spaces are formed by insulating partitions with liquid metal, which are interconnected via filled with liquid metal connection channels of the intermediate walls. Thus, in normal operation, there is a continuous internal conductive connection between the electrodes via the liquid metal. In current limiting case, the liquid metal is suddenly displaced from the connecting channels due to the high current density. Thus, the electrical connection of the electrodes is interrupted via the liquid metal, which leads to the limitation of the short-circuit current.
  • the connecting channels fill again with liquid metal, whereupon the current limiting device is ready for operation again.
  • DE 40 12 385 A1 is mentioned as a medium above the liquid level vacuum, inert gas or an insulating liquid.
  • publication SU 1 094 088 A is given as a good conductive material for the electrodes copper. It is known from document DE 26 52 506 A1 to use gallium alloys, in particular GaInSn alloys, in movable contact devices. This document also describes that outer terminal elements are clamped to inner contact elements including a coating of liquid metal.
  • US Pat. No. 3,670,282 discloses a generic electrode arrangement for liquid metal electrical devices, wherein two cylindrical electrodes made of solid metal are provided for connection to an external circuit whose opposite lateral surfaces are held at a radial distance by a sleeve-shaped insulating body.
  • One of the electrodes is electrically connected with its inner surface via an intermediate layer of liquid metal with a protector of solid material and with the liquid metal, wherein the solid material in relation to the material of the electrode is both diffusion resistant to the liquid metal and the intermediate layer and erosion resistant to arcing influences. Due to the protector surrounded on all sides by the liquid metal, only a cylinder piston serving to compensate for the evaporation pressure is protected from the effects of arcing.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to effectively counter the diffusion, corrosion and erosion of wetted by the liquid metal inner surfaces of the electrodes.
  • an electrode assembly is proposed, which ensures an excellent electrical connection between the electrode and protector through the intermediate layer, without the need for technologically complex bonding techniques for the different materials of the electrode on the one hand and the protector on the other hand.
  • Tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, nickel, tantalum, titanium, rhenium, chromium or their alloys are advantageously used for the solid material of the protector.
  • the use of stainless steels, especially those with a high CrNi content, is advantageous.
  • An advantageous development of the invention is that on the inner surface of a material layer is applied, which protects the remaining electrode material (generally copper) to a high degree against diffusion and corrosion by the liquid metal of the intermediate layer.
  • the remaining electrode material generally copper
  • the material layer against the harmful effects of the liquid metal Tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, chromium or their alloys are advantageously proposed for this material layer.
  • the material layer can be applied by electroplating or plating, for example.
  • the protector is not subject to any special mechanical requirements. It can be suitably designed as a thin plate or as sufficiently thick film.
  • the intermediate space has a high level. This results in a favorable current distribution in front of the electrode, which can be used to reduce the remaining liquid metal and thus the construction volume of the current-limiting device.
  • GaInSn alloys as the liquid metal to be used are easy to handle by their physiological safety.
  • An alloy of 660 parts by weight of gallium, 205 parts by weight of indium and 135 parts by weight of tin is liquid under normal pressure of 10 ° C to 2000 ° C and has sufficient electrical conductivity.
  • the invention does not preclude the use of other low melting point liquid metals, such as rose or wood metal.
  • Fig. 1 is partially upwardly and broken away from the broken and to the right current limiting device, as it is known for example from the publication SU-922 911 invention.
  • the current-limiting device surrounded on all sides by an insulating body 2 and partly filled with liquid metal 3, only the left-hand side is shown and designated 1.
  • the electrode assembly 1 includes a copper electrode 4 which transitions into an outer lead 6.
  • the electrode 4 is coated on its inner surface 8 with a thin layer of material 10.
  • the material layer 10 in the example consists of galvanized tungsten and protects the electrode 4 from diffusion of the electrode material into liquid metal and corrosion of the inner surface 8 by the liquid metal.
  • a protector 14 is disposed while leaving a gap 12.
  • the protector 14 is made of a material having both a sufficient diffusion resistance to the liquid metal 3 and a sufficient arc resistance.
  • the protector 14 closes the gap 12 tightly against the liquid metal 3 and in the example consists of a stainless steel plate with high relative proportions of chromium and nickel.
  • the liquid intermediate layer 16 has a high level compared to the rest of the liquid metal 3, ie, the liquid level 18 of the intermediate layer 16 is substantially higher than the liquid level 19 of remaining liquid metal.
  • the electrode assembly 1 is largely free of adverse material erosions and changes, as they occur in known electrode arrangements of liquid metal-containing electrical devices through the liquid metal and arcing occurring.

Landscapes

  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Ensemble d'électrodes pour dispositifs électriques avec métal liquide, dans lequel une électrode (4) en métal solide est prévue pour être connectée à un circuit électrique externe, électrode qui, grâce à sa surface interne (8) est intimement en contact électriquement conducteur avec un protecteur (14) en matériau solide et avec le métal liquide (3) par une couche intermédiaire (16) en métal liquide, dans lequel le matériau solide, par rapport au matériau de l'électrode (4), non seulement présente une plus grande résistance à la diffusion par rapport au métal liquide (3) et à la couche intermédiaire (16) mais est aussi plus résistant au décapage par des influences d'arcs électriques, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble d'électrodes est logé à l'intérieur d'un corps isolant (2) et la couche intermédiaire (16) est située dans un espace intermédiaire fortement hermétique (12) par rapport au métal liquide restant (3).
  2. Ensemble d'électrodes selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau solide se compose de tungstène, de molybdène, de vanadium, de nickel, de tantale, de titane, de rhénium, de chrome ou de leurs alliages.
  3. Ensemble d'électrodes selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau solide se compose d'acier inoxydable fortement allié.
  4. Ensemble d'électrodes selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le matériau solide se compose d'acier inoxydable à haute teneur en CrNi.
  5. Ensemble d'électrodes selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une couche de matériau électriquement conducteur (10) est appliquée sur la surface interne (8), couche qui présente une plus grande résistance à la diffusion par rapport à la couche intermédiaire (16).
  6. Ensemble électrodes selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la couche de matériau (16) se compose de tungstène, de molybdène, de nickel, de chrome ou de leurs alliages.
  7. Ensemble électrodes selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le protecteur (14) est construit sous forme de plaque ou de feuille.
  8. Ensemble électrodes selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche intermédiaire (16) présente un haut niveau de remplissage vis-à-vis du métal liquide (3) restant.
  9. Ensemble électrodes selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que métal liquide (3) et la couche intermédiaire (16) se composent d'un alliage de GaInSn.
EP00106491A 1999-04-12 2000-03-25 Ensemble d'électrodes pour dispositifs électriques avec métal liquide Expired - Lifetime EP1045419B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19916322A DE19916322A1 (de) 1999-04-12 1999-04-12 Elektrodenanordnung für elektrische Einrichtungen mit Flüssigmetall
DE19916322 1999-04-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1045419A1 EP1045419A1 (fr) 2000-10-18
EP1045419B1 true EP1045419B1 (fr) 2006-08-16

Family

ID=7904199

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00106491A Expired - Lifetime EP1045419B1 (fr) 1999-04-12 2000-03-25 Ensemble d'électrodes pour dispositifs électriques avec métal liquide

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1045419B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE336800T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19916322A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10018564A1 (de) * 2000-04-14 2001-10-18 Moeller Gmbh Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall
DE102005060096B4 (de) * 2004-12-17 2008-01-17 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Gekapselter Überspannungsableiter für den Einsatz als Netzfunkenstrecke im Niederspannungsbereich mit getrennten, elektrisch in Reihe geschalteten Funktionseinheiten
DE102007053379A1 (de) 2007-11-09 2009-05-20 Moeller Gmbh Flüssigmetallpaste
US10672530B2 (en) 2016-02-29 2020-06-02 Liquid Wire Inc. Deformable conductors and related sensors, antennas and multiplexed systems
US11156509B2 (en) 2016-02-29 2021-10-26 Liquid Wire Inc. Sensors with deformable conductors and selective deformation
US20240274373A1 (en) * 2021-09-15 2024-08-15 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Electrical contact system with liquid metal layer and diffusion barrier

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH305853A (de) * 1952-09-06 1955-03-15 Fkg Ag Schalteinrichtung zum Schutze elektrischer Stromkreise gegen Überströme.
GB927395A (en) * 1958-07-03 1963-05-29 James Sayers Improvements relating to the transmission of electric current between conductor members of solid and liquid forms respectively
US3599137A (en) * 1968-07-05 1971-08-10 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Current limiting device
US3670282A (en) * 1968-08-07 1972-06-13 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Current limiting device
DE2652506A1 (de) * 1976-11-18 1978-05-24 Gec Elliott Automation Ltd Elektrische hochstromvorrichtungen
GB1520080A (en) * 1977-06-02 1978-08-02 Renton C A Electric switch devices
SU922911A1 (ru) * 1980-05-05 1982-04-23 Kb Polt Inst Kujbysheva Токоограничитель 1
DE3739193A1 (de) * 1987-11-19 1989-06-01 Kurt Blaschke Elektrischer schalter und verfahren zu dessen herstellung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE336800T1 (de) 2006-09-15
DE50013316D1 (de) 2006-09-28
DE19916322A1 (de) 2000-10-19
EP1045419A1 (fr) 2000-10-18

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