EP1042753B1 - Procede de conditionnement de dechets industriels, notamment radioactifs, dans des ceramiques apatitiques - Google Patents
Procede de conditionnement de dechets industriels, notamment radioactifs, dans des ceramiques apatitiques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1042753B1 EP1042753B1 EP98963592A EP98963592A EP1042753B1 EP 1042753 B1 EP1042753 B1 EP 1042753B1 EP 98963592 A EP98963592 A EP 98963592A EP 98963592 A EP98963592 A EP 98963592A EP 1042753 B1 EP1042753 B1 EP 1042753B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- mixture
- waste
- powders
- alkaline
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 17
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 title claims description 17
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 alkaline-earth metal salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 12
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical class [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B zirconium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[Zr+4].[Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910014497 Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910014480 Ca(HPO4) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910014771 Ca4(PO4)2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-NJFSPNSNSA-N Strontium-90 Chemical compound [90Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-OUBTZVSYSA-N Technetium-99 Chemical compound [99Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-OUBTZVSYSA-N chlorane Chemical compound [36ClH] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- GBNXLQPMFAUCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-H tetracalcium;oxygen(2-);diphosphate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GBNXLQPMFAUCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 4
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000182 britholite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-NJFSPNSNSA-N cesium-135 Chemical compound [135Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical class [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000180 silicate apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001080024 Telles Species 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-RNFDNDRNSA-N cesium-137 Chemical compound [137Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-RNFDNDRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-OUBTZVSYSA-N chlorine-36 Chemical compound [36Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052587 fluorapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- CFYGEIAZMVFFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Nd+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CFYGEIAZMVFFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-OUBTZVSYSA-N samarium-151 Chemical compound [151Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- JOPDZQBPOWAEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-H tristrontium;diphosphate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[Sr+2].[Sr+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JOPDZQBPOWAEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/33—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by chemical fixing the harmful substance, e.g. by chelation or complexation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
- G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/302—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
- A62D2101/43—Inorganic substances containing heavy metals, in the bonded or free state
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
- A62D2101/49—Inorganic substances containing halogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a industrial waste conditioning process, especially radioactive, in apatitic ceramics.
- Apatitic ceramics are materials that are of great interest as a matrix industrial waste radioactive waste, in particular for life long, like some fission products or some actinides.
- the materials usable as a matrix must have very high characteristics of chemical stability, radiation stability and temperature stability, to isolate elements radioactive environment and keep them in this isolated state for very long periods of time, because of their radioactive half-life.
- apatitic ceramics have properties particularly suitable for storage long-term and could be used as a matrix containment in replacement of glass.
- Apatites are compounds of general formula: Me 10 (XO 4 ) 6 Y 2 in which Me represents one or more metals, X represents P, V and / or Si, and Y represents one or more anions such as OH, Cl and F.
- Me represents one or more metals
- X represents P, V and / or Si
- Y represents one or more anions such as OH, Cl and F.
- phosphocalcic hydroxyapatite Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 is the best known compound.
- the apatites of formula (I) may admit various substitutions, both in cationic sites (Me) and in anionic sites (XO 4 and / or Y 2 ).
- these apatites resist in conditions of radioactive waste storage up to more than 1000 ° C. They resist chemically in the hydrogeological conditions of a storage, that is to say with neutral or basic water pH. Finally, they also resist in strongly irradiating medium because the radiation damage they suffer, are unstable at a temperature above 60 ° C. For example, phosphocalcic apatite has the property to restructure from 60 ° C.
- apatites for storage or the geological storage of industrial waste, and especially low level nuclear waste, medium or high activity is obvious because they allow a strong chemical fixation in a matrix particularly stable, whose durability in the middle geological was demonstrated by the study of materials millions of years old.
- Document FR-A-2 712 726 [2] describes a process of conditioning actinides and / or lanthanides in an apatite, which consists of preparing a mixture of powders comprising at least one phosphate selected from calcium phosphates, lanthanides and actinides, calcium fluoride, calcium, a silicon compound and possibly one or several oxides of lanthanides or actinides, heat treat the mixture to break down the calcium carbonate, and to calcine the treated mixture thermally at a high temperature (900 ° to 1500 ° C) repeating possibly several times the last calcination step after one or more steps grinding intermediates.
- a high temperature 900 ° to 1500 ° C
- a waste-based packaging matrix ceramic apatite include the preparation prior to the apatite powder, its shaping granulometry and its sintering by various methods such as natural sintering, sintering under load, and sintering after use of slip.
- the present invention is specifically for object a waste conditioning process in apatitic ceramics, which has the advantage of leading to exhibiting good mechanical properties, without it being necessary to implement a heat treatment at high temperature.
- steps a) and b) are simultaneously carried out introducing the waste during the preparation of the mixture of powders, in the form of oxide powder (s), hydroxide or salt of the metal (s) and / or powder (s) of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halide (s), in order to obtain a mixture corresponding to obtaining a hydroxyapatite as defined above, further substituted by the metal (s) and / or halogen (s) to condition.
- metals can be radioactive metals such as radioactive cesium, by cesium-135 and cesium-137, strontium-90, technetium-99, lanthanides, especially samarium-151, and actinides.
- halogens can be especially chlorine-36.
- a second embodiment of the invention more particularly intended for packaging of waste in the form of powders, granules, massive pieces of variable size or organic waste, these are introduced as they are in the mixture of powders prepared in step a) of to be surrounded by the mixture of powders.
- Waste of this type can be consisting for example of powders, granules or small massive pieces of apatites or ceramics containing radioactive elements, by waste pretreated by contaminated technological waste such as pieces of metal, metal drums, glasses etc. and by organic materials such as bitumen and others containing radioactive elements or other.
- This second embodiment of the invention can be combined with the first one when wants to package waste simultaneously likely to integrate into the chemical structure apatite and other wastes.
- the method of the invention thus makes it possible prepare the apatite ceramic matrix at low temperature, by implementing a reaction hydrothermal between various phosphate compounds and possibly other compounds present in the mixture, which have been previously compacted.
- step a) of this process a mixture of powders capable of producing a hydroxyapatite of formula: Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 wherein the anions and / or cations may be substituted by other cations and anions, and in particular by the element (s) forming the waste to be packaged.
- This hydroxyapatite can be in silicate apatite such as those described in FR-A-2 712 726 [2] whether or not containing its structure of lanthanides and / or actinides.
- the mixture can be prepared by grinding these constituents to a particle size less than 100 ⁇ m.
- Some constituents such as phosphates of calcium, may be in the form of a single powder obtained by co-grinding.
- the mixture comprises at least two phosphate compounds, in particular one compound (tetracalcium phosphate) and one or several acidic compounds (dicalcium phosphates or monocalcium).
- tetracalcium phosphate tetracalcium phosphate
- acidic compounds diicalcium phosphates or monocalcium.
- the salts used can be in phosphates, silicates, nitrates, halides or carbonates.
- step c) compaction after the waste has been introduced condition, when it is not part of the mixed.
- the compaction is carried out at the temperature ambient temperature, for example at a temperature of 15 to 30 ° C, under a pressure of 100 to 500 MPa, preferably 200 MPa, for example by means of a hydraulic press after arranging the mixture in a mold.
- step d) the piece compacted to a hydrothermal treatment in a sealed enclosure in the presence of an aqueous medium a temperature of 100 to 500 ° C under a pressure which corresponds to the water vapor pressure at the chosen temperature.
- This treatment makes it possible to obtain a form ceramised by hydrothermal reaction between components of the compacted mixture. We can get as well as pieces of exceptional hardness that is assured by the fact that have developed to the inside of the mass of crystals acicular apatite which condition the cohesion of this material.
- Hydrothermal treatment can be done in two ways.
- the compacted piece is placed above of the liquid medium so that it is not in contact only with the water vapor produced in the enclosure tight, under the effect of the temperature of the treatment.
- the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment is in the range of 100 to 500 ° C, and the duration of this hydrothermal treatment depends in particular on the temperature used, the latter being longer when the temperature is lower. Usually, the duration is at least 8 hours and it can go from 12 hours to 60 hours.
- the temperature of the treatment hydrothermal is 150 to 250 ° C, and its duration about 48 hours.
- the aqueous medium used is generally demineralised water, but we can also use a aqueous solution containing appropriate additives.
- this further comprises a complementary step e) sintering the workpiece compacted which has been subjected to hydrothermal treatment.
- This sintering is carried out at a temperature of at least 1000 ° C, for example from 1000 to 1300 ° C.
- the process of the invention is particularly advantageous because it allows to obtain various compositions of ceramic matrices apatitics, by choosing the compounds used in step a).
- apatitic ceramic matrix of the hydroxyapatite phosphocalcic type a mixture of various calcium phosphate compounds such as monocalcium phosphate Ca (H 2 PO 4 ) 2 , hydrated monocalcium phosphate Ca (H 2 PO) is used.
- Some of the compounds used can include elements of the waste such as radioactive elements, so that we obtain end of operation an apatitic ceramic matrix containing in its structure radioactive elements, which makes it possible to ensure their conditioning with a view to long-term storage.
- the method of the invention can also use the two techniques of incorporation of waste, including a part of these in the chemical structure of the apatitic matrix and a other part in the mixture of powders subject to compaction.
- Example 1 Packaging of radioactive waste in a matrix of phosphocalcic hydroxyapatite.
- Example 2 Packaging Neodymium in a Matrix apatitic ceramics.
- a dense piece is thus obtained a silicate apatite containing neodymium.
- a solution of cesium-135 is percolated on a zirconium phosphate of formula Zr (HPO 4 ) 2 , nH 2 O which fixes the cesium present in the solution by exchange with its proton.
- zirconium phosphate loaded with cesium in the form of a powder is obtained.
- the phosphate powder is mixed with cesium-charged zirconium with the three phosphates of calcium used in Example 1, in the same proportions than those of Example 1, and then the mixture of powders at compaction at 200 MPa.
- Example 4 Conditioning of radioactive cesium in an apatitic ceramic.
- Example 3 we follow the same mode procedure as in Example 3 to condition the zirconium phosphate loaded with cesium in a ceramic apatite but before introducing the zirconium phosphate loaded with cesium in the mixture of powders, it is put in tablet form by compression under a pressure of 200 MPa. We dispose then the mixture of powders of the three phosphates of calcium around this tablet and then we realize the compaction and hydrothermal treatment as in Example 3
- a conditioning block is thus obtained cesium with properties equivalent to those of the block obtained in Example 3.
- Example 5 Neodymium Conditioning in a apatitic ceramics.
- Example 2 we follow the same mode procedure than in Example 2 to introduce the neodymium in a silicate apatitic ceramics but the piece obtained after the treatment is then subjected hydrothermal, to a complementary treatment with high temperature to obtain a britholite.
- This treatment consists of heating the resulting block to 1100 ° C.
- the method of the invention allows obtaining a similar apatite, at lower temperature and faster.
- Example 6 Apatitic Packaging of Strontium radioactive in an apatitic ceramic.
- Example 2 the same procedure as in Example 2 is followed, to include strontium in the apatite network starting from a mixture of hydrated monocalcium phosphate powders, tetracalcium phosphate and strontium phosphate and Ca calcium.
- the method of the invention is very advantageous for the packaging of waste nuclear, because it allows to obtain blocks of packaging with good properties mechanical, including strong resistance to compression (more than 100 MPa), good stability thermal up to temperatures above 1000 ° C, good chemical stability in the presence of water and good resistance to nuclear radiation. Of Moreover, the blocks obtained by this process can be easily machined.
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- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
- soit par l'échange couplé (Ca2+, OH-) ↔ (Ln3+ ,O2-),
- soit par l'échange couplé (Ca2+,PO 3- / 4) ↔ (Ln3+,SiO 4- / 4)
- soit par l'échange couplé (2Ca2+) ↔ (Ln3+, Na+).
- un coût énergétique élevé pour la préparation de la matrice,
- une transformation partielle de l'hydroxyapatite en oxyapatite, et
- des difficultés pour conditionner dans la pièce en apatite, des espèces volatiles à la température du traitement thermique.
- sur le cation Me, par exemple par du strontium,
- sur le groupement PO4, par exemple par des groupements silicates,
- sur l'anion OH, par exemple par des ions fluor ou chlore.
- le phosphate monocalcique hydraté, Ca(H2PO4)2, H2O,
- le phosphate tricalcique Ca3(PO4)2, et
- le phosphate tétracalcique, Ca4(PO4)2O.
→ Ca9Sr PO4)6(OH)2.
Claims (13)
- Procédé de conditionnement d'un déchet industriel dans une matrice céramique apatitique, comprenant les étapes suivantes :a) préparer un mélange homogène de poudres comprenant au moins deux phosphates de calcium choisis parmi : Ca(H2PO4)2, Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O, Ca(HPO4), Ca(HPO4)2.H2O, Ca3(PO4)2 de variété α ou β, amorphe ou apatitique, et Ca4(PO4)2O, et éventuellement un composé choisi parmi les sels, oxydes et hydroxydes de métaux alcalins et de métaux alcalino-terreux et l'oxyde de silicium, les sels étant choisis parmi les phosphates, les silicates, les carbonates, les nitrates et les halogénures, et les quantités de phosphate(s) et de composé(s) du mélange étant telles qu'elles correspondent à l'obtention d'une hydroxyapatite de formule Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (II) dans laquelle une partie des atomes de Ca peut être remplacée par des atomes de métaux alcalins et/ou de métaux alcalino-terreux autres que Ca, une partie des anions phosphates peut être remplacée par des anions silicates et une partie des anions OH peut être remplacée par des anions halogénures ;b) introduire le déchet industriel dans le mélange ;c) compacter le mélange de poudres contenant ledit déchet à la température ambiante, sous une pression de 100 à 500 MPa, pour obtenir une pièce compactée ; etd) soumettre la pièce compactée à un traitement hydrothermal dans une enceinte étanche contenant un milieu aqueux, à une température de 100 à 500°C, pendant une durée d'au moins 8 heures.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, le déchet industriel comprenant au moins un élément choisi parmi les métaux et les halogènes, on réalise simultanément les étapes a) et b) en introduisant le déchet, lors de la préparation du mélange de poudres, sous la forme de poudre(s) d'oxyde, d'hydroxyde ou de sel du ou des métaux, et/ou de poudre(s) d'halogénure(s) de métal alcalin ou alcalino-terreux, de façon à obtenir un mélange correspondant à l'obtention d'une hydroxyapatite telle que définie dans la revendication 1, substituée de plus par le(s) métaux et/ou le(s) halogène(s) à conditionner.
- Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel l'élément est choisi dans le groupe comprenant le césium radioactif, le strontium-90, le technétium-99, les lanthanides, les actinides et le chlore-36.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le déchet est introduit dans le mélange de poudre préparé dans l'étape a) de façon à être entouré de ce mélange.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le déchet est une céramique à base de phosphate de zirconium chargé de césium radioactif.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 qui comprend en outre une étape complémentaire :e) de frittage à une température d'au moins 1 000°C de la pièce compactée soumise au traitement hydrothermal, obtenue dans l'étape d).
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel, dans l'étape a), on prépare le mélange de poudres par broyage de ces constituants.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel, dans l'étape d), on immerge totalement la pièce compactée dans le milieu aqueux.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, dans l'étape d), on dispose la pièce compactée au dessus du milieu aqueux.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 et 9, dans lequel la pression de vapeur d'eau dans l'enceinte étanche utilisée dans l'étape d) est de 0,5 à 17 MPa.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 8 à 10, dans lequel la durée du traitement hydrothermal est de 12 à 60 heures.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 8 à 11, dans lequel le milieu aqueux est de l'eau déminéralisée.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 2 et 4, dans lequel les déchets industriels sont des déchets radioactifs.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9716356A FR2772651B1 (fr) | 1997-12-23 | 1997-12-23 | Procede de conditionnement de dechets industriels, notamment radioactifs, dans des ceramiques apatitiques |
| FR9716356 | 1997-12-23 | ||
| PCT/FR1998/002826 WO1999034370A1 (fr) | 1997-12-23 | 1998-12-22 | Procede de conditionnement de dechets industriels, notamment radioactifs, dans des ceramiques apatitiques |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1042753A1 EP1042753A1 (fr) | 2000-10-11 |
| EP1042753B1 true EP1042753B1 (fr) | 2005-06-15 |
Family
ID=9514998
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98963592A Expired - Lifetime EP1042753B1 (fr) | 1997-12-23 | 1998-12-22 | Procede de conditionnement de dechets industriels, notamment radioactifs, dans des ceramiques apatitiques |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6459010B1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1042753B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2002500371A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR100615066B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2315919C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69830614T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2244105T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2772651B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1999034370A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2817858B1 (fr) * | 2000-12-13 | 2003-02-07 | Solvay | Procede pour l'inertage d'une cendre, pouzzolane artificielle obtenue au moyen dudit procede |
| KR20010112202A (ko) * | 2001-11-30 | 2001-12-20 | 김재종 | 하이드록시 아파타이트를 이용한 불소함유폐수의고도처리방법 및 그 처리장치 |
| EP2009676B8 (fr) | 2002-05-08 | 2012-11-21 | Phoseon Technology, Inc. | Systèmes d'inspection de matériaux à semi-conducteur |
| FR2841896B1 (fr) | 2002-07-08 | 2004-10-01 | Rousselot Sas | Procede de preparation d'un ciment apatitique, ledit ciment ainsi que son utilisation pour pieger les polluants |
| FR2841897B1 (fr) | 2002-07-08 | 2004-12-10 | Rousselot Sas | Procede de preparation d'un ciment apatitique, ledit ciment ainsi que son utilisation pour pieger les polluants |
| CN1292804C (zh) * | 2004-03-08 | 2007-01-03 | 西安交通大学 | 含锶纳米磷酸钙生物活性骨水泥的制备工艺 |
| EP1785186B1 (fr) * | 2004-06-07 | 2014-09-03 | National Institute for Materials Science | Adsorbant pour déchet contenant une radioélément et méthode pour fixer ledit radioélément |
| KR101288758B1 (ko) | 2004-12-30 | 2013-07-23 | 포세온 테크날러지 인코퍼레이티드 | 산업 공정에서 광원을 사용하는 시스템 및 방법 |
| JP4617175B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-07 | 2011-01-19 | Hoya株式会社 | 吸着剤および吸着装置 |
| ES2344397B1 (es) * | 2009-02-24 | 2011-06-24 | Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya | Metodo de obtencion de fosfato tricalcico alfa-estabilizado con elementos alfagenos y fosfato tricalcico alfa-estabilizado obtenido. |
| WO2011152909A2 (fr) * | 2010-03-09 | 2011-12-08 | Kurion, Inc. | Séparation et vitrification spécifiques d'isotopes au moyen de milieux spécifiques d'ions |
| US9711249B2 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2017-07-18 | Soletanche Freyssinet | Method of immobilizing nuclear waste |
| WO2013191780A2 (fr) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-12-27 | Kurion, Inc. | Filtres submersibles pour utilisation dans la séparation d'isotopes radioactifs de matières de déchets radioactifs |
| BE1024034B1 (fr) * | 2012-06-15 | 2017-10-31 | Solvay S.A. | Procédé de traitement de déchet |
| KR101514570B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-04-23 | 한국원자력연구원 | 방사성 폐기물 내 고농도 금속염으로부터 비-유해성분 및 유해성분의 분리 방법 |
| WO2015129941A1 (fr) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | 주식회사 지오엔 | Vanadosilicate contenant des ions cs+ hexadéca-coordonnés et utilisation |
| JP7155031B2 (ja) * | 2019-02-05 | 2022-10-18 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 高レベル放射性廃棄物の処分負荷の低減方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2706441B1 (fr) * | 1993-06-16 | 1995-08-18 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procédé de traitement d'apatites naturelles en vue de les utiliser pour le stockage d'éléments combustibles irradiés. |
| FR2712726B1 (fr) | 1993-07-15 | 1995-12-15 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procédé de conditionnement de déchets radioactifs utilisant des apatites silicatées comme matrice de confinement. |
| US5678233A (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1997-10-14 | Brown; Paul W. | Method of immobilizing toxic or radioactive inorganic wastes and associated products |
| FR2728099B1 (fr) * | 1994-12-07 | 1997-01-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de conditionnement d'iode radioactif, en particulier d'iode 129, utilisant une apatite comme matrice de confinement |
| FR2728812A1 (fr) * | 1994-12-30 | 1996-07-05 | Electricite De France | Procede de conditionnement de metaux et matrice de conditionnement de ces metaux |
-
1997
- 1997-12-23 FR FR9716356A patent/FR2772651B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-12-22 EP EP98963592A patent/EP1042753B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-22 ES ES98963592T patent/ES2244105T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-22 DE DE69830614T patent/DE69830614T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-22 KR KR1020007006978A patent/KR100615066B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-22 JP JP2000526929A patent/JP2002500371A/ja active Pending
- 1998-12-22 WO PCT/FR1998/002826 patent/WO1999034370A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-22 CA CA002315919A patent/CA2315919C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-22 US US09/581,227 patent/US6459010B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2772651A1 (fr) | 1999-06-25 |
| US6459010B1 (en) | 2002-10-01 |
| KR20010033477A (ko) | 2001-04-25 |
| WO1999034370A1 (fr) | 1999-07-08 |
| DE69830614T2 (de) | 2006-05-11 |
| CA2315919C (fr) | 2007-11-13 |
| KR100615066B1 (ko) | 2006-08-23 |
| FR2772651B1 (fr) | 2000-01-28 |
| EP1042753A1 (fr) | 2000-10-11 |
| JP2002500371A (ja) | 2002-01-08 |
| DE69830614D1 (de) | 2005-07-21 |
| CA2315919A1 (fr) | 1999-07-08 |
| ES2244105T3 (es) | 2005-12-01 |
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