EP1038976A1 - Procédé pour granuler et pulvériser des laitiers ou métaux en fusion - Google Patents

Procédé pour granuler et pulvériser des laitiers ou métaux en fusion Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1038976A1
EP1038976A1 EP00890083A EP00890083A EP1038976A1 EP 1038976 A1 EP1038976 A1 EP 1038976A1 EP 00890083 A EP00890083 A EP 00890083A EP 00890083 A EP00890083 A EP 00890083A EP 1038976 A1 EP1038976 A1 EP 1038976A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling chamber
slag
temperatures
walls
droplets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00890083A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1038976B1 (fr
Inventor
Alfred Dipl.-Ing. Edlinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Holcim Ltd
Original Assignee
Holderbank Financiere Glarus AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Holderbank Financiere Glarus AG filed Critical Holderbank Financiere Glarus AG
Publication of EP1038976A1 publication Critical patent/EP1038976A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1038976B1 publication Critical patent/EP1038976B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/086—Cooling after atomisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
    • C21B2400/022—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag
    • C21B2400/026—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag using air, inert gases or removable conductive bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/05—Apparatus features
    • C21B2400/062—Jet nozzles or pressurised fluids for cooling, fragmenting or atomising slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/05—Apparatus features
    • C21B2400/066—Receptacle features where the slag is treated
    • C21B2400/074—Tower structures for cooling, being confined but not sealed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/08—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes with energy recovery

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for granulating and Crushing liquid melts, especially slags or Metal melting, in which the liquid slags with a Fluid jet are sprayed into a cooling chamber.
  • a number of parameters are included in the differential equation for the particle temperature during cooling by radiation, the radiation cooling being highly dependent on the temperature difference between the particle temperature and the wall temperature of the radiation cooler.
  • the temperature dependence in such a differential equation for the particle temperature indicates the respective temperatures with the fourth power, the difference from T s 4 - T w 4 being taken into account as a factor for the decrease in the particle temperature over time.
  • T s denotes the particle temperature and T w the wall temperature.
  • other parameters that are included in the differential equation for the particle temperature T s (t) are also characteristic variables, such as the emissivity of the slag particles and the wall surface.
  • Hot slag particles largely behave as ideal emitters and therefore the known differential equations apply with very high accuracy. From the temperature dependency it now follows that an increase in the initial temperature has a great influence on the heat flux density through the surrounding walls and could thereby increase the efficiency of the radiation cooling.
  • the invention now aims to address these theoretical considerations practically implement and a process of the beginning to create the type mentioned, which with conventional spraying and particle diameters of about 50 to further increase the efficiency of radiation cooling allowed.
  • the method according to the invention exists to achieve this object essentially in that the sprayed melt droplets in Spray jet afterburning hot gases inside the Cooling chamber are heated and that the walls of the cooling chamber to surface temperatures below 400 ° C, preferably below Cooled 300 ° C. Molten slags are usually present with temperatures between 1300 ° and 1400 ° C. Because now this temperature when entering the cooling chamber is further increased by post-combustion, it succeeds in raising the particle temperature further to this Way the efficiency of radiation cooling due to the dependency of the fourth power to increase this temperature.
  • the Firing chamber temperature or the temperature in the afterburning zone can be 200 ° to 300 ° C higher than the original one Slag temperature, which results in better heat transfer at the same time with a higher turbulence and another Droplet disintegration is achieved. So it will be with the improvement heat transfer simultaneously through further disintegration and turbulence increases the residence time so that the Radiation cooling efficiency significantly above conventional Extent can be improved. At the same time leads the increase in slag temperatures after entering the Radiation cooler to reduce slag viscosity and the surface tension, which results in the turbulence shear forces cause further droplet size reduction. Due to the high temperature differences can be special highly energetic steam are generated, including supercritical Vapor states can be achieved.
  • blast furnace slags or slags from waste incineration plants can be inventively also slag from a furnace, Melting metals or melting special alloys for manufacturing of microsinter and special glass melts through the effectively disintegrate the increase in temperature according to the invention and cool quickly, with particularly favorable geometric Shapes, especially spherical contours or spheres the droplets of slag can be formed. All in all can thus be by the afterburning inside the cooling chamber further increase the efficiency of radiation cooling, the means for cooling the slag droplets designed much smaller than conventional facilities can be, so that the space required for such coolers is reduced becomes.
  • the process according to the invention is advantageously carried out in such a way that hot gases with a CO and H 2 content of 20-35% by volume are burned stoichiometrically in a post-combustion zone with hot air in the interior of the cooling chamber.
  • hot gases with such proportions of carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be effectively combusted with preheated air in order to ensure the desired combustion chamber temperature or the desired temperature in the afterburning zone, with rapid heating also being achieved with regard to the behavior of the slag droplets as largely ideal emitters , as a result of rapid cooling by the radiation cooler.
  • Effective radiation cooling can be achieved that the chamber-like walls of the radiation cooler with pressurized water be pressurized at a pressure of 10 to 220 bar and that high pressure steam at temperatures of 200 to 400 ° C and a pressure of 10 to 220 bar from the chamber-like walls is subtracted.
  • 1 denotes a slag tundish, in what molten slag at temperatures between 1300 ° and 1400 ° C is kept in stock.
  • the molten Slag is in the form of very fine droplets 3 in a radiation cooler 4 ejected, the ejection by pressing of fluid via a lance 5.
  • the fluid can be steam, hot gas sub-stoichiometrically burned hot gas or water are used, the formation of the finest droplets by a height-adjustable, tubular weir 6, which in the Meaning of the double arrow 7 can be raised and lowered, can be varied.
  • the fine droplets leave them Slag outlet opening 22 of the tundish, being a substantially tubular slag jet is formed, the wall thickness from the distance 8 between the lower edge of the tubular Weir 6 and the outlet opening 22 is determined.
  • a line 11th Pressurized water introduced at a pressure of 10 to 220 bar.
  • the wall temperature of the radiation cooler 4 can thereby reduce about 200 ° C, 12 high pressure steam via line at temperatures from 200 ° to 400 ° C under a pressure of 10 to 220 bar is deducted.
  • Due to the high temperature difference due to the extremely fine distribution of the droplets and the shear forces and turbulent forces exerted by the burner 9 Currents there is a rapid cooling of the fine Slag particles 3, which at the outlet of the radiation cooler 4th with temperatures below 600 ° C in a downstream enter further cooler 13, which is of conventional design can be and designed as a convection steam boiler with natural circulation can be.
  • the boiler tubes of this convection boiler are designated 14 here.
  • the rising hot water or the Steam formed passes into a steam drum 15, steam is withdrawn via a line 16.
  • the condensed water arrives via a downpipe 17 back into the boiler tubes 14.
  • At 18 is another cooler, which acts as a combustion air preheater can be used, indicated, the derivation 19 of this cooler with the supply of hot air via line 10 the burners 9 can be connected.
  • microgranules with particle diameters of about 50 ⁇ m discharged via a rotary valve 20, with the connection 21 exhaust gases with temperatures of about 200 ° C deducted can be.
  • the microgranules are mostly amorphous or glassy in front. Due to the extremely rapid cooling, the Spraying molten metal like metallic glass is used for the production of superconductors, educated.

Landscapes

  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
EP00890083A 1999-03-24 2000-03-17 Procédé pour granuler et pulvériser des laitiers ou métaux en fusion Expired - Lifetime EP1038976B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0055099A AT407224B (de) 1999-03-24 1999-03-24 Verfahren zum granulieren und zerkleinern von flüssigen schmelzen
AT55099 1999-03-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1038976A1 true EP1038976A1 (fr) 2000-09-27
EP1038976B1 EP1038976B1 (fr) 2001-11-21

Family

ID=3493592

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00890083A Expired - Lifetime EP1038976B1 (fr) 1999-03-24 2000-03-17 Procédé pour granuler et pulvériser des laitiers ou métaux en fusion

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1038976B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT407224B (fr)
DE (1) DE50000083D1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT408956B (de) * 2000-05-11 2002-04-25 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklg Einrichtung zur erzeugung eines heissen treibgasstromes
EP1229136A1 (fr) * 2001-01-25 2002-08-07 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung GmbH Procédé et appareil pour granuler des scories liquides
EP1234890A1 (fr) * 2001-02-27 2002-08-28 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung GmbH Dispositif de pulvérisation de fontes
EP1234889A1 (fr) * 2001-02-27 2002-08-28 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung GmbH Appareil pour la granulation de scories liquides
EP1256633A2 (fr) * 2001-05-10 2002-11-13 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour la granulation de matériaux en fusion comme les laitiers liquides
WO2002090282A1 (fr) * 2001-05-10 2002-11-14 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung Gmbh Dispositif de granulation, de pulverisation et de broyage de scories liquides
EP1306450A1 (fr) * 2001-10-23 2003-05-02 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung GmbH Procédé et installation pour granuler et pulvériser des matières fondues liquides
DE10205897A1 (de) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-21 Mepura Metallpulver Verfahren zur Herstellung von partikelförmigem Material
EP1400602A2 (fr) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-24 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung GmbH Appareil pour la granulation de scories liquides
WO2004046401A1 (fr) * 2002-11-20 2004-06-03 Patco Engineering Gmbh Procede d'obtention de cuivre par pulverisation d'une masse fondue contenant du cuivre brut

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2533633A (en) * 1946-04-01 1950-12-12 Charles W Schott Granulated slag and method for producing it
JPS54161596A (en) * 1978-06-12 1979-12-21 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Heat recovering method for molten slag
GB1584238A (en) * 1977-10-13 1981-02-11 Nakayama Steel Works Ltd Method and apparatus for manufacturing crushed sand from melted slag from a ferrous blast furnace
DE3126709A1 (de) * 1981-07-07 1983-01-27 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Verfahren und vorrichtung zur rueckgewinnung industrieller abwaerme aus dem waermeinhalt metallurgischer schlacke
SU1052342A1 (ru) * 1982-07-05 1983-11-07 Предприятие П/Я Г-4361 Установка дл получени металлических гранул
WO1995015402A1 (fr) * 1993-12-03 1995-06-08 'holderbank' Financiere Glarus Ag Procede et dispositif de granulation et de broyage de materiaux en fusion et de matieres a moudre
US5609919A (en) * 1994-04-21 1997-03-11 Altamat Inc. Method for producing droplets
DE19632698A1 (de) * 1996-08-14 1998-02-19 Forschungsgemeinschaft Eisenhu Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hüttensand mit geringer Partikelgröße

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2533633A (en) * 1946-04-01 1950-12-12 Charles W Schott Granulated slag and method for producing it
GB1584238A (en) * 1977-10-13 1981-02-11 Nakayama Steel Works Ltd Method and apparatus for manufacturing crushed sand from melted slag from a ferrous blast furnace
JPS54161596A (en) * 1978-06-12 1979-12-21 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Heat recovering method for molten slag
DE3126709A1 (de) * 1981-07-07 1983-01-27 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Verfahren und vorrichtung zur rueckgewinnung industrieller abwaerme aus dem waermeinhalt metallurgischer schlacke
SU1052342A1 (ru) * 1982-07-05 1983-11-07 Предприятие П/Я Г-4361 Установка дл получени металлических гранул
WO1995015402A1 (fr) * 1993-12-03 1995-06-08 'holderbank' Financiere Glarus Ag Procede et dispositif de granulation et de broyage de materiaux en fusion et de matieres a moudre
US5609919A (en) * 1994-04-21 1997-03-11 Altamat Inc. Method for producing droplets
DE19632698A1 (de) * 1996-08-14 1998-02-19 Forschungsgemeinschaft Eisenhu Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hüttensand mit geringer Partikelgröße

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 198006, Derwent World Patents Index; Class M24, AN 1980-09981C, XP002141219 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 198427, Derwent World Patents Index; Class M22, AN 1984-170428, XP002141220 *

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT408956B (de) * 2000-05-11 2002-04-25 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklg Einrichtung zur erzeugung eines heissen treibgasstromes
EP1229136A1 (fr) * 2001-01-25 2002-08-07 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung GmbH Procédé et appareil pour granuler des scories liquides
EP1234890A1 (fr) * 2001-02-27 2002-08-28 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung GmbH Dispositif de pulvérisation de fontes
EP1234889A1 (fr) * 2001-02-27 2002-08-28 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung GmbH Appareil pour la granulation de scories liquides
EP1256633A2 (fr) * 2001-05-10 2002-11-13 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour la granulation de matériaux en fusion comme les laitiers liquides
WO2002090282A1 (fr) * 2001-05-10 2002-11-14 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung Gmbh Dispositif de granulation, de pulverisation et de broyage de scories liquides
EP1256633A3 (fr) * 2001-05-10 2003-10-22 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour la granulation de matériaux en fusion comme les laitiers liquides
EP1306450A1 (fr) * 2001-10-23 2003-05-02 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung GmbH Procédé et installation pour granuler et pulvériser des matières fondues liquides
DE10205897A1 (de) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-21 Mepura Metallpulver Verfahren zur Herstellung von partikelförmigem Material
EP1400602A2 (fr) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-24 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung GmbH Appareil pour la granulation de scories liquides
EP1400602A3 (fr) * 2002-09-10 2004-07-21 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung GmbH Appareil pour la granulation de scories liquides
WO2004046401A1 (fr) * 2002-11-20 2004-06-03 Patco Engineering Gmbh Procede d'obtention de cuivre par pulverisation d'une masse fondue contenant du cuivre brut

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50000083D1 (de) 2002-02-21
ATA55099A (de) 2000-06-15
EP1038976B1 (fr) 2001-11-21
AT407224B (de) 2001-01-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0220418B1 (fr) Procédé et installation pour la fabrication de poudre très fine sous forme sphérique
DE69619439T2 (de) Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit
EP1038976B1 (fr) Procédé pour granuler et pulvériser des laitiers ou métaux en fusion
DE1496043B2 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Glas
DE1496434B2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Glasperlen
EP1203102B1 (fr) Dispositif pour pulveriser des matieres fondues liquides
DE2735390A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur waermerueckgewinnung aus geschmolzener schlacke
EP0053848B2 (fr) Procédé d'insufflation de gaz à teneur élevée en oxygène dans un bain de fusion de métaux non-ferreux
DE69210644T2 (de) Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Erwärmung und Schmelzen von pulverförmigen Feststoffen und zur Verflüchtigung von deren flüchtigen Bestandteilen in einem Flammschmelzofen
DE69400900T2 (de) Verfahren zum Beeinflussen der Ansatzbildung auf einer Brennstoff-Sauerstoff-Düse
DE3212100C2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung pyrometallurgischer Prozesse
AT411362B (de) Verfahren zum zerstäuben und granulieren von schmelzen sowie vorrichtung zur durchführung dieses verfahrens
DE3315431C2 (de) Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Standzeit von wassergekühlten Winddüsen beim Betrieb eines Blashochofens
EP1299566B1 (fr) Dispositif pour pulveriser et granuler des scories liquides
AT408956B (de) Einrichtung zur erzeugung eines heissen treibgasstromes
DE3906078A1 (de) Verfahren zur rueckgewinnung von waerme aus heissen prozessgasen
AT410676B (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum granulieren und zerkleinern von flüssigen schmelzen
AT410102B (de) Einrichtung zum zerstäuben von schmelzen
AT412093B (de) Vorrichtung zum zerstäuben von schmelzen
EP0829550A1 (fr) Procédé pour le traitement de résidus d'incinération dans un convertisseur de métal liquide du type à multiples compartiments
DE2721932C2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines für die Deponie oder als Zwischenprodukt geeigneten Stoffes aus Flugstaub
AT408232B (de) Verfahren zum granulieren von flüssigen schlacken sowie vorrichtung zur durchführung dieses verfahrens
AT407841B (de) Vorrichtung zum granulieren und zerkleinern von flüssigen schlacken oder schaumschlacken
AT410099B (de) Verfahren zum granulieren von schlacken
AT410100B (de) Einrichtung zum granulieren, zerstäuben und zerkleinern von flüssigen schmelzen

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB IT LU

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20000908

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20010427

AKX Designation fees paid

Free format text: BE DE FR GB IT LU

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: HOLCIM LTD.

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB IT LU

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 50000083

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20020221

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 20020222

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20030319

Year of fee payment: 4

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 20030401

Year of fee payment: 4

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20030402

Year of fee payment: 4

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20030530

Year of fee payment: 4

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040317

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040317

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040331

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: *HOLCIM LTD

Effective date: 20040331

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20041001

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20040317

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20041130

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050317