EP1030346A2 - Détecteur à ionisation modulaire - Google Patents

Détecteur à ionisation modulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1030346A2
EP1030346A2 EP99120952A EP99120952A EP1030346A2 EP 1030346 A2 EP1030346 A2 EP 1030346A2 EP 99120952 A EP99120952 A EP 99120952A EP 99120952 A EP99120952 A EP 99120952A EP 1030346 A2 EP1030346 A2 EP 1030346A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ionization detector
plates
modular
detector according
counting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99120952A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1030346A3 (fr
Inventor
Stephan Wimmer
Albrecht M. Kellerer
Hartmut Roos
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bertin GmbH
Original Assignee
Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen Deutsches Forschungszentrum fuer Gesundheit und Umwelt GmbH
Genitron Instruments GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen Deutsches Forschungszentrum fuer Gesundheit und Umwelt GmbH, Genitron Instruments GmbH filed Critical Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen Deutsches Forschungszentrum fuer Gesundheit und Umwelt GmbH
Publication of EP1030346A2 publication Critical patent/EP1030346A2/fr
Publication of EP1030346A3 publication Critical patent/EP1030346A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J47/00—Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles
    • H01J47/02—Ionisation chambers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a modular ionization detector.
  • Ionization detectors were the first electrical devices which developed for the detection of radiation were. These instruments are based on direct collecting of ionization electrons and ions, which are in a gas generated by penetrating radiation. During the first half of the twentieth century were three developed basic types of detectors: the ionization chamber, the proportional counter and the Geiger-Müller counter.
  • the basic configuration of such an ionization detector consists of a container, for example a Hollow cylinder, with conductive walls.
  • the cylinder is with filled with a suitable gas.
  • a conductive wire is stretched.
  • Radiation passing through the detector generates electron-ion pairs, either directly, if the radiation consists of charged particles, or indirectly about secondary reactions if the radiation comes from neutral Particles (for example neutrons can protons release from the wall).
  • the average number of so generated Charge pairs are proportional to that in the detector delivered energy. Under the effect of the electric Field, the negatively charged particles migrate to the anode and the positively charged particles to the cathode, where they to be collected.
  • the observed current signal depends on the applied voltage from. When the tension disappears, it goes without saying no charge collected, and the charge carrier pairs recombine under the effect of their own electrical attraction. If the voltage is different from zero Value is increased, the recombination forces are overcome, and the current begins to rise as more and more pairs of carriers be collected before they recombine can. From a certain minimum voltage, all generated pairs collected, and a further increase in applied voltage thus has no effect. This matches with a flat area in the characteristic curve and in Detector working in this area becomes ionization chamber or counter because it is the one by the passing Radiation generated ions collected. The signal current is however very small and usually has to be with an electrometer be measured. Ionization chambers are generally for measuring gamma radiation and as monitoring instruments used for large radiation flows.
  • the current increases with the voltage.
  • the electric field is strong enough to accelerate the liberated electrons to an energy at which they are also able to ionize gas molecules in the cylinder.
  • the electrons primarily generated by these secondary ionizations are also accelerated and can generate tertiary electrons, etc.
  • the number of charge carrier pairs in the avalanche effect is directly proportional to the number of primary charge carriers. This results in a proportional amplification of the current with a multiplication factor, which depends on the applied voltage.
  • This factor can take very large values, such as 10 6 , so that the output signal is much larger than that of an ionization chamber, but is proportional to the ionization primarily generated in the detector.
  • a detector that works in this area is called a proportional counter.
  • Ionizing radiation in different types and intensities is ubiquitous. Because they are potentially hazardous to health for the purpose of radiation protection in a wide variety of ways Areas of radiation fields even of low intensity be monitored. Are of particular importance densely ionizing radiation, and in particular in particular Neutrons. Neutrons play a role in radiation protection at nuclear reactors and nuclear physics research facilities (Accelerator) as well as at typical flight altitudes of the civilian Aviation as a component of cosmic radiation.
  • the sensitivity of the proportional counter can therefore either by enlarging the entire - mostly spherical or cylindrical - can be increased or by electrical parallel connection of several smaller counter elements (Counting volumes).
  • the inner surfaces of a proportional counter must very low roughness for electrostatic reasons exhibit.
  • tissue-equivalent materials plastics
  • machined surfaces usually too rough.
  • Sufficiently smooth surfaces are best through a technical casting of the components achievable.
  • An object underlying the present invention So is an improved modular ionization detector to create that easy to manufacture and assemble is.
  • the modular structure enables the same to be used Casting mold for the production of proportional counters with any many counting volumes and thus a constructive and easy to manufacture for different Applications with freely definable sensitivity.
  • a personal dosimeter based on the invention in a flat design with very good sensitivity and developed comparatively low manufacturing costs be, but also a proportional counter with comparable Length, width and height.
  • the modular design of the detector thus enables easy adaptation of the ionization detector, especially its sensitivity to which practical requirements of various applications, for example in radiation protection.
  • the idea on which the present invention is based exists in being modular from a stack more uniform Plates of the body of the ionization detector is formed. These plates have recesses or depressions that come to rest on one another when stacking, so that when joining voids are created between them, which are the counting volumes form.
  • the small dimensions of each Cavities enable microdosimetric simulation small biologically relevant volumes at comparatively high gas pressure.
  • the plates have on the top and / or bottom a large number of parallel, semi-cylindrical recesses, each stacked one Form a cylindrical counting volume inside the body.
  • the Sensitivity of a microdosimetric proportional counter i.e. the number of registered per dose unit Events and thus the statistical uncertainty of a Dose statement depends predominantly on the total surface of the proportional counter, since secondary particles (e.g. protons) mainly generated in the wall and not in the Gas volume.
  • secondary particles e.g. protons
  • the cylindrical counting volume has a diameter that is essential is less than their length.
  • the volume fraction of the ends of the count volume which the geometry of the electric field from the cylinder symmetry deviates and thus the gas amplification from the location depends on the primary ionization, low and can be neglected become.
  • the spherical ionization detector are therefore no additional facilities such as e.g. so-called field tubes near the Ends of the anode or a helix around the anode needed to get in generate a cylinder-symmetric field near the anode.
  • all are cylindrical count volume oriented parallel to each other and run between two opposite faces of the body.
  • the cylindrical ones Count volume arranged in rows, the Rows are offset from one another. This enables a big one Density with the greatest possible wall thickness of the individual counting volumes.
  • the two opposite faces of the body one each End plate attached, which corresponds to the counting volumes Has bushings in which the respective Electrode wires are anchored.
  • the Penetrations of ruby end plates with one hole fitted in which the electrode wire in question is anchored is. This is preferably done by means of a light curable Glue.
  • a light curable Glue for the central guidance of the counting wire expediently inexpensive rubies with a fine Bore of typically 70 ⁇ m used, so-called commercially available "Clock stones” or "precision nozzles”.
  • a a wiring grid is attached to the end plates to which the ends of the electrode wires are soldered or to others kind are connected in terms of circuitry. Bodies run, End plate and wiring grid expediently flush.
  • the Sheets of molded plastic parts preferably castings, most preferably die-cast parts, from a conductive Plastic.
  • a Power supply provided, which a high voltage puts the body and mass on the faceplate.
  • FIG. 1a shows a top view of an ionization detector with 120 counting elements in 10 layers as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the individual plates 15 of the body 150 are die-cast made of a conductive plastic with the trade name A150 manufactured. This results in smooth surfaces in contrast to drilled or milled surfaces, which is important for electrostatic reasons. It there are therefore no roughness or points or burrs in high local electrical fields where spontaneous Discharges could take place, would result.
  • the Plates 15 are congruently stacked and assembled glued together or by a (not shown) external fixture spatially fixed.
  • a wiring grid G3 attached to which the ends of the electrode wires 5 are soldered or are otherwise connected in terms of circuitry, and in this example, in such a way that all the electrode wires 5 have a common potential.
  • A denotes that Output signal, which is used to evaluate a not shown Evaluation circuit is supplied.
  • FIG. 1b shows an enlarged section of the implementation and clamping or anchoring an electrode wire through an end plate of the ionization detector.
  • This anchoring which runs coaxially to the cylinder, is such designed that in the bushings of the end plates G1, G2 rubies with a bore 25 through a brass bush 60 are fitted in which the electrode wire 5 in question is anchored by means of light-curable adhesive 70.
  • Fig. 2 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a count volume to explain its electrical connection.
  • a voltage supply is provided, which is a high voltage HV of typically 700 V - 900 V to the body 150 and ground to the insulated end plate G2.
  • HV high voltage
  • the electric charge collected on the electrode wires 5 becomes a charge-sensitive via the wiring grid G3 Evaluation circuit VV supplied.
  • the overall dimensions of the ionization counter constructed in this way are typically 75 x 75 x 60 mm (plus Packaging).
  • the ionization detector according to the invention is used particularly well suited for microdosimetry.
  • the radiation quality can be determined from the counting rate from that deposited in the detector by radiation Determine energy and from it the average energy loss per unit length. This gives a measure of the biological Harmfulness of the radiation in question.
  • the clamping of the electrode wires can also be different be realized, e.g. right on the foreheads of the plates.

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  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
EP99120952A 1999-02-19 1999-11-03 Détecteur à ionisation modulaire Withdrawn EP1030346A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1999107042 DE19907042A1 (de) 1999-02-19 1999-02-19 Modularer Ionisationsdetektor
DE19907042 1999-02-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1030346A2 true EP1030346A2 (fr) 2000-08-23
EP1030346A3 EP1030346A3 (fr) 2005-01-19

Family

ID=7898072

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99120952A Withdrawn EP1030346A3 (fr) 1999-02-19 1999-11-03 Détecteur à ionisation modulaire

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP1030346A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE19907042A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2833407A1 (fr) * 2001-12-07 2003-06-13 Laue Max Inst Detecteur de rayonnements ionisants et procede de fabrication d'un tel detecteur

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7465937B2 (en) 2003-06-27 2008-12-16 Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH Dosimeter for the detection of high-energy neutron radiation
FR2957188B1 (fr) * 2010-03-02 2012-08-17 Laue Max Inst Detecteur de rayonnement ionisant

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3930162A (en) * 1972-06-21 1975-12-30 Siemens Ag Matrix-form radiation image converter
EP0445711A2 (fr) * 1990-03-07 1991-09-11 Advanced Interconnection Technology, Inc. Procédé de fabrication de chambres à dérive ayant la forme d'un chalumeau

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3930162A (en) * 1972-06-21 1975-12-30 Siemens Ag Matrix-form radiation image converter
EP0445711A2 (fr) * 1990-03-07 1991-09-11 Advanced Interconnection Technology, Inc. Procédé de fabrication de chambres à dérive ayant la forme d'un chalumeau

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KLIAUGA P ET AL: "A MULTI-ELEMENT PROPORTIONAL COUNTER FOR RADIATION PROTECTION MEASUREMENTS" HEALTH PHYSICS, PERGAMON PRESS LTD. OXFORD, GB, vol. 57, no. 4, October 1989 (1989-10), pages 631-636, XP000070331 ISSN: 0017-9078 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2833407A1 (fr) * 2001-12-07 2003-06-13 Laue Max Inst Detecteur de rayonnements ionisants et procede de fabrication d'un tel detecteur
EP1320119A1 (fr) * 2001-12-07 2003-06-18 Institut Max Von Laue - Paul Langevin Détecteur de rayonnements ionisants et procédé de fabrication d'un tel détecteur
US6891165B2 (en) 2001-12-07 2005-05-10 Institut Max Von Laue-Paul Langevin Ionizing radiation detector and method for manufacturing such a detector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1030346A3 (fr) 2005-01-19
DE19907042A1 (de) 2000-08-31

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