EP1028231B1 - Fastening of turbomachine rotor blades - Google Patents

Fastening of turbomachine rotor blades Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1028231B1
EP1028231B1 EP99810127A EP99810127A EP1028231B1 EP 1028231 B1 EP1028231 B1 EP 1028231B1 EP 99810127 A EP99810127 A EP 99810127A EP 99810127 A EP99810127 A EP 99810127A EP 1028231 B1 EP1028231 B1 EP 1028231B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
intermediate pieces
halved
blade
fastening
moving
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP99810127A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1028231A1 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Hohmann
Dieter Freuschle
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Alstom Schweiz AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Schweiz AG filed Critical Alstom Schweiz AG
Priority to DE59906856T priority Critical patent/DE59906856D1/en
Priority to EP99810127A priority patent/EP1028231B1/en
Priority to US09/501,998 priority patent/US6299411B1/en
Priority to CN00104177.0A priority patent/CN1263204A/en
Priority to JP2000035921A priority patent/JP2000234502A/en
Publication of EP1028231A1 publication Critical patent/EP1028231A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1028231B1 publication Critical patent/EP1028231B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3023—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of radial insertion type, e.g. in individual recesses
    • F01D5/303—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of radial insertion type, e.g. in individual recesses in a circumferential slot
    • F01D5/3038—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of radial insertion type, e.g. in individual recesses in a circumferential slot the slot having inwardly directed abutment faces on both sides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fastening of turbine blades in one Circumferential groove on the turbine rotor using hammer-head-shaped blade feet.
  • the blades are installed by screwing in the blade feet.
  • the last The blade is installed in a gap along the circumference of the groove.
  • the invention relates to components that are located between the assembled blade roots be inserted and serve to fill up the remaining gap and thereby fixing the blade feet.
  • a known method is to grant an assembly gap that is dimensioned such that the last blade root can just be inserted into the groove. If the blade root has the basic shape of a parallelogram, the mounting gap must be at least equal to the long diagonal of the parallelogram, as shown in FIG. 1a and explained in more detail below.
  • the mounting gap must be at least equal to the long diagonal of the parallelogram, as shown in FIG. 1a and explained in more detail below.
  • the halves of the intermediate pieces are straight and vertical in the middle.
  • the spacers or spacer inserts serve not only to fix the blade feet in the groove, but also to distance the blade feet from one another and to distribute the remaining gap evenly over the circumference of the groove.
  • the intermediate pieces each have the same shape as the shovel feet, which they fix.
  • the blade roots of each row of blades are dimensioned in accordance with the size of the blades of that row of blades.
  • the blade feet of one row of blades differ from those of another row of blades in terms of their width, length and the number of teeth and steps in the T shape or hammer head shape.
  • a gap is again provided which is large enough to fit a halved intermediate piece.
  • This smaller gap is finally filled by means of halved intermediate pieces, as shown in FIG. 2b. (The gap remaining after inserting these half spacers is finally filled by a three-part end piece, after which the blades are sufficiently fixed in the circumferential groove for the operation of the turbine.)
  • the basic shape, or the cross section, of the entire intermediate pieces described here are rectangular, ie the short sides of the intermediate piece, or axial guide surfaces, lie at an angle to the side wall of the circumferential groove.
  • the spacers only touch the side wall of the groove with their corners.
  • the groove and the intermediate pieces are not heavily loaded as a result, since the lateral axial force on the entire intermediate pieces is only very slight.
  • the halved intermediate pieces have a parallelogram-shaped cross section in the fit area, the short sides of the parallelogram standing at an angle different from 90 ° to the long sides. The angle is dimensioned such that the short sides or axial guide surfaces lie flat on the side wall of the circumferential groove.
  • a flat support is necessary because the lateral axial forces that act on the halved intermediate piece are much greater compared to the entire intermediate pieces.
  • the short sides would lie on the side walls of the groove, the halved intermediate pieces would notch in the side wall and damage it.
  • the difference between the axial forces on the halved and the axial forces on the whole spacers is related to the fact that there is a center of gravity in the case of the whole spacers and two centers on which the centrifugal force acts in the case of the halved spacers.
  • the angling of the short sides of the halved spacers prevents damage to the spacers and the groove by notching. However, the production of the angling is expensive.
  • Swiss patent CH 322 010 discloses a blade ring Turbo machine with blade spacers arranged in a circumferential groove between the blade feet.
  • a closing link of the blade ring consists of two parts a and b, according to the composition by means of a screw c in shape and dimension equal to the blade spacers between the blade roots are.
  • US 2,281,318 discloses a device for fastening rotor blades in a circumferential groove, intermediate pieces being arranged between the blade feet are. At least one of the intermediate pieces consists of two parts with straight, sloping sides for the purpose of mounting in a circumferential groove, being for attachment These two parts have other means, such as a wedge.
  • US 3,328,867 discloses a method for mounting blade roots in a Circumferential groove, the blade feet being parallelogram-shaped. For assembly A space is left open for the last blade root, into which the last one Blade root is inserted by a turn, after which the remaining one Free space is filled by means of intermediate wedges 7.
  • FR 363,064 discloses a method for mounting blades in a Circumferential groove by means of shovel feet and spacers, with the purpose of increasing assembly safety, pins are guided through several shovel feet.
  • pins are guided through several shovel feet.
  • For the Attachment of the last shovel uses an intermediate piece that is in two Halves each with oblique, straight sides, which is wedge-like by caulking in the groove can be introduced.
  • a blade attachment according to the generic term of claim 1, in which the halved intermediate pieces, in consideration of the vertical cross section parallel to the long side of the basic form, those sides the halved intermediate pieces, that of the middle of the circumferential groove and the adjacent halved intermediate piece are facing, hook-shaped are.
  • the hook shape of a halved intermediate piece forms that geometric negative of the hook shape of the halved intermediate piece on the right, so that the sides of the two halved spacers into each other fit and interlock positively due to their hook shape to let.
  • the two intermediate pieces are therefore geometrical counterparts from each other.
  • the basic shape or the horizontal cross section of the Halved spacers imposed according to the invention is rectangular educated.
  • the hanging of adjacent, halved intermediate pieces standing next to one another by the hook shape according to the invention has the advantage that the two halved intermediate pieces are now connected to a single piece with a single center of gravity.
  • the result is an intermediate piece which is equivalent in terms of the forces acting on it to an entire intermediate piece on which only small axial forces act.
  • Those axial forces that act on the individual halved intermediate pieces now act on the hook-shaped inner surfaces of the intermediate pieces.
  • the side surfaces of the intermediate pieces, which touch the side walls of the groove, are relieved. This makes it possible to manufacture the short side walls of the intermediate pieces at right angles. Since the axial forces are now lower, there are no notches on the groove wall.
  • the invention therefore has the advantage that the halved intermediate pieces can also be manufactured at right angles and at low cost.
  • the hook-shaped inner surfaces of the halved intermediate pieces according to the invention are produced, for example, by a laser cutting process.
  • FIG. 1 a shows a rotor 1 in which a circumferential groove 2 with useful jaws 3 is arranged.
  • blades 4 are inserted, which are marked with 1., 2. etc. to n-1 and n.
  • the blade roots 5 of the rotor blades 3 have a parallelogram-shaped basic shape which is adapted to the width of the circumferential groove, so that the sides of the blade roots 5 lie flat on the sides of the groove.
  • the blade feet are basically T-shaped, which means that they can be anchored in the useful jaws 3.
  • the parallelograms of the blade roots are also dimensioned in their length along the circumferential direction so that after anchoring n-1 blade roots, a gap remains in the groove which is the same as the long diagonal of a blade root rhombus. This gap thus allows the assembly of the last, nth blade without a side installation opening. After the last blade has been installed, a residual gap 6 remains as shown in FIG. 1b.
  • Figure 1c shows the filling of the remaining gap 6 by means of spacer inserts or spacers 7, 7a, 7b. These are inserted between the blade feet 5 and anchored in the useful jaw 3 in the same way as the blade feet themselves. For this purpose, the intermediate pieces 7, 7a, 7b are of the same shape as the blade feet which fix them.
  • FIG. 2a Most of the intermediate pieces are so-called whole intermediate pieces 7 as in FIG. 2a, the remaining intermediate pieces are halved intermediate pieces 7a, 7b as shown in FIG. 2b.
  • the halved spacers 7a, 7b are used when the gap has become too narrow for the installation of the whole spacers.
  • FIG. 3a to c show several variants of halved spacers 7a and 7b, which are shaped and hung together according to the invention.
  • the hook shape 9 according to the invention of the inner sides 8 of the intermediate pieces is rectangular in a first embodiment, as in FIG.
  • the half-piece 7a is the geometric negative of the half-piece 7b, so that the two half-pieces fit into one another as shown and can be hung together.
  • the axial forces that act on the side walls of the rotor groove in the case of a pair of spacers so imposed are the same as those axial forces that act on a whole spacer.
  • the horizontal cross section of the connected intermediate pieces is also shown, the short sides no longer being beveled with respect to the long sides, but rather being at right angles to them. This form is easier and cheaper to manufacture.
  • the point of engagement of the toothing forces in the suspension as indicated by arrows, lies on the longitudinal axis 11 of the halved intermediate piece, shown in broken lines.
  • the position of the hooking or toothing of the half pieces 7a and 7b is chosen as far away as possible with respect to the useful neck support points 10. The purpose of this is that the smallest possible connection forces arise during operation. The point of engagement of the toothing forces is therefore preferably in the upper fifth of the total height H of the component of the intermediate piece.
  • Figure 3b halved intermediate pieces are shown with a wedge-shaped hook shape 9, which are hung together in a similar manner as in Figure 3a. The imposition in turn causes similar axial forces, so that the basic shape is the same as in Figure 3a.
  • FIG. 3c shows a further embodiment with a zigzag-shaped hook shape 9. Further hook shapes with, for example, curved shapes can also be implemented.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Befestigung von Turbinenlaufschaufeln in einer Umfangsnut am Turbinenrotor mittels hammerkopf-förmigen Schaufelfüssen. Die Montage der Schaufeln erfolgt durch Eindrehen der Schaufelfüsse. Die letzte Schaufel wird dabei in einem Restspalt entlang des Nutumfangs montiert. Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere Bauteile, die zwischen den montierten Laufschaufelfüssen eingefügt werden und dazu dienen, den Restspalt aufzufüllen und dadurch die Schaufelfüsse zu fixieren.The invention relates to a fastening of turbine blades in one Circumferential groove on the turbine rotor using hammer-head-shaped blade feet. The The blades are installed by screwing in the blade feet. The last The blade is installed in a gap along the circumference of the groove. The In particular, the invention relates to components that are located between the assembled blade roots be inserted and serve to fill up the remaining gap and thereby fixing the blade feet.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Befestigungen von Laufschaufeln in Turbinenrotoren mittels Verankerungen von Schaufelfüssen in einer Umfangsnut sind bekannt. Solche Befestigungen werden insbesondere bei kleineren Schaufeln angewandt. Die Schaufelfüsse haben in ihrem horizontalen Querschnitt senkrecht zur Schaufellängsachse zumeist die Grundform eines Parallelogramms und weisen in der Längsachse grundsätzlich die Form eines umgekehrten T oder einer Hammerkopfform auf, welche in Nutzacken in der Nut eingreift. Die kurzen Seiten, eines Parallelogramms oder axiale Führungsflächen, sind dabei den Seitenwänden der Nut anliegend.
Bei der Montage von Schaufeln in Umfangsnuten im Rotor stellt sich jeweils das Problem der Montage der letzten Schaufel einer Schaufelreihe. Eine bekannte Methode ist die Gewährung eines Montagespalts, der so dimensioniert ist, dass der letzte Schaufelfuss gerade noch in die Nut eingeführt werden kann. Besitzt der Schaufelfuss die Grundform eines Parallelogramms, braucht der Montagespalt mindestens gleich der langen Diagonale des Parallelogramms zu sein, wie es in Figur 1a dargestellt ist und nachstehend näher erläutert wird. Nach dem Einführen und Drehen der letzten Schaufel in die gewünschte Orientierung verbleibt ein Restspalt zwischen der ersten und letzten (n-ten) Schaufel. Zur Fixierung der Schaufeln in der Nut und Vermeidung von Verschiebungen der Schaufeln während des Betriebs wird dieser Restspalt mittels Zwischenstücken oder Distanziereinlagen, welche zwischen den Schaufelfüssen angeordnet werden, aufgefüllt, wie in Figur 1b und c dargestellt und nachstehend erläutert. Figur 2a und b zeigen einzelne Zwischenstücke, wovon die einen ganze Zwischenstücke und die anderen halbierte Zwischenstücke sind. Bei den halbierten Zwischenstücken sind die in der Mitte aneinander liegenden Seiten gerade und vertikal. Die Zwischenstücke oder Distanziereinlagen dienen nicht nur der Fixierung der Schaufelfüsse in der Nut, sondern auch der Distanzierung der Schaufelfüsse voneinander und der gleichmässigen Verteilung des Restspalts über den Umfang der Nut.
Die Zwischenstücke besitzen jeweils die gleiche Form wie die Schaufelfüsse, welche sie fixieren. Die Schaufelfüsse jeder Schaufelreihe sind jeweils entsprechend der Grösse der Schaufeln jener Schaufelreihe dimensioniert. Dabei unterscheiden sich die Schaufelfüsse einer Schaufelreihe von jenen einer weiteren Schaufelreihe in ihrer Breite, Länge sowie der Anzahl Zacken und Stufen in der T-Form oder Hammerkopf-Form.
Bei der Montage des letzten Zwischenstücks zeigt sich wiederum das gleiche Problem wie beim Montieren der letzten Schaufel. Zur Lösung dieses Problems wird wiederum ein Spalt gewährt, der gross genug für die Montage eines halbierten Zwischenstücks ist. Dieser kleinere Spalt wird schliesslich mittels halbierten Zwischenstücken, wie in Figur 2b dargestellt, aufgefüllt. (Der am Ende nach Einlegen dieser halben Zwischenstücke noch übrig bleibende Spalt wird schliesslich durch ein drei-teiliges Schlussstück gefüllt, wonach die Schaufeln in der Umfangsnut für den Betrieb der Turbine ausreichend fixiert sind.) Fastening of rotor blades in turbine rotors by means of anchoring blade roots in a circumferential groove are known. Such attachments are used in particular with smaller blades. In their horizontal cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the blade, the blade feet mostly have the basic shape of a parallelogram and basically have the shape of an inverted T or a hammer head shape in the longitudinal axis, which engages in useful grooves in the groove. The short sides of a parallelogram or axial guide surfaces are in contact with the side walls of the groove.
When mounting blades in circumferential grooves in the rotor, the problem of mounting the last blade in a row of blades arises. A known method is to grant an assembly gap that is dimensioned such that the last blade root can just be inserted into the groove. If the blade root has the basic shape of a parallelogram, the mounting gap must be at least equal to the long diagonal of the parallelogram, as shown in FIG. 1a and explained in more detail below. After inserting and rotating the last blade into the desired orientation, there remains a gap between the first and last (nth) blade. To fix the blades in the groove and avoid displacement of the blades during operation, this remaining gap is filled by means of intermediate pieces or spacer inserts which are arranged between the blade feet, as shown in FIGS. 1b and c and explained below. FIGS. 2a and b show individual intermediate pieces, one of which is a whole intermediate piece and the other halved intermediate pieces. The halves of the intermediate pieces are straight and vertical in the middle. The spacers or spacer inserts serve not only to fix the blade feet in the groove, but also to distance the blade feet from one another and to distribute the remaining gap evenly over the circumference of the groove.
The intermediate pieces each have the same shape as the shovel feet, which they fix. The blade roots of each row of blades are dimensioned in accordance with the size of the blades of that row of blades. The blade feet of one row of blades differ from those of another row of blades in terms of their width, length and the number of teeth and steps in the T shape or hammer head shape.
When assembling the last intermediate piece, the same problem arises as when assembling the last blade. To solve this problem, a gap is again provided which is large enough to fit a halved intermediate piece. This smaller gap is finally filled by means of halved intermediate pieces, as shown in FIG. 2b. (The gap remaining after inserting these half spacers is finally filled by a three-part end piece, after which the blades are sufficiently fixed in the circumferential groove for the operation of the turbine.)

Die Grundform, oder der Querschnitt, der hier beschriebenen ganzen Zwischenstücke sind rechteckig, d. h. die kurzen Seiten des Zwischenstücks, oder axialen Führungsflächen, liegen in einem Winkel zur Seitenwand der Umfangsnut. Die Zwischenstücke berühren also die Seitenwand der Nut nur mit ihren Ecken. Die Nut und die Zwischenstücke werden dadurch aber nicht stark belastet, da die seitliche Axialkraft auf die ganzen Zwischenstücke nur sehr gering ist.
Die halbierten Zwischenstücke haben im Passungsbereich einen parallelogramm-förm Querschnitt, wobei die kurzen Seiten des Parallelogramms in einem Winkel verschieden von 90° zu den langen Seiten stehen. Der Winkel ist so bemessen, dass die kurzen Seiten, oder axialen Führungsflächen an der Seitenwand der Umfangsnut flach aufliegen. Ein flaches Aufliegen ist deshalb notwendig, da die seitlichen Axialkräfte, die auf das halbierte Zwischenstück wirken, im Vergleich zu den ganzen Zwischenstücken viel grösser sind. Würden die kurzen Seiten nicht flach . auf die Seitenwände der Nut aufliegen, würden sich die halbierten Zwischenstücke in der Seitenwand einkerben und diese beschädigen.
Der Unterschied zwischen den Axialkräften auf die halbierten und den Axialkräften auf die ganzen Zwischenstücke hängt damit zusammen, dass im Fall der ganzen Zwischenstücke ein Schwerpunkt vorliegt und im Fall der halbierten Zwischenstücke zwei Schwerpunkte vorliegen, auf welche die Fliehkraft wirkt.
Die Anwinkelung der kurzen Seiten der halbierten Zwischenstücke vermeidet eine Beschädigung der Zwischenstücke und der Nut durch Einkerben. Die Fertigung der Anwinkelung ist jedoch kostenaufwendig.The basic shape, or the cross section, of the entire intermediate pieces described here are rectangular, ie the short sides of the intermediate piece, or axial guide surfaces, lie at an angle to the side wall of the circumferential groove. The spacers only touch the side wall of the groove with their corners. However, the groove and the intermediate pieces are not heavily loaded as a result, since the lateral axial force on the entire intermediate pieces is only very slight.
The halved intermediate pieces have a parallelogram-shaped cross section in the fit area, the short sides of the parallelogram standing at an angle different from 90 ° to the long sides. The angle is dimensioned such that the short sides or axial guide surfaces lie flat on the side wall of the circumferential groove. A flat support is necessary because the lateral axial forces that act on the halved intermediate piece are much greater compared to the entire intermediate pieces. Wouldn't the short sides be flat. would lie on the side walls of the groove, the halved intermediate pieces would notch in the side wall and damage it.
The difference between the axial forces on the halved and the axial forces on the whole spacers is related to the fact that there is a center of gravity in the case of the whole spacers and two centers on which the centrifugal force acts in the case of the halved spacers.
The angling of the short sides of the halved spacers prevents damage to the spacers and the groove by notching. However, the production of the angling is expensive.

Das schweizerische Patent CH 322 010 offenbart einen Schaufelkranz einer Turbomaschine mit in einer Umgangsnut angeordneten Schaufelabstandsgliedern zwischen den Schaufelfüssen. Ein Schlussglied des Schaufelkranzes besteht aus zwei Teilen a und b, die nach Zusammensetzung mittels einer Schraube c in Form und Abmessung den Schaufelabstandsgliedern zwischen den Schaufelfüssen gleich sind.Swiss patent CH 322 010 discloses a blade ring Turbo machine with blade spacers arranged in a circumferential groove between the blade feet. A closing link of the blade ring consists of two parts a and b, according to the composition by means of a screw c in shape and dimension equal to the blade spacers between the blade roots are.

Die US 2,281,318 offenbart eine Vorrichtung zur Befestigung von Laufschaufeln in einer Umfangsnut, wobei zwischen den Schaufelfüssen Zwischenstücke angeordnet sind. Mindestens eines der Zwischenstücke besteht aus zwei Teilen mit geraden, schrägen Seiten zwecks der Montage in einer Umfangsnut, wobei für die Befestigung dieser beiden Teile weitere Mittel, wie zum Beispiel ein Keil, vorhanden sind.US 2,281,318 discloses a device for fastening rotor blades in a circumferential groove, intermediate pieces being arranged between the blade feet are. At least one of the intermediate pieces consists of two parts with straight, sloping sides for the purpose of mounting in a circumferential groove, being for attachment These two parts have other means, such as a wedge.

Die US 3,328,867 offfenbart ein Verfahren zur Montage von Schaufelfüssen in einer Umfangsnut, wobei die Schaufelfüsse parallelogramm-förmig sind. Zwecks Montage des letzten Schaufelfusses wird ein Freiraum offen gelassen, in den der letzte Schaufelfuss durch eine Drehung eingesetzt wird, wonach der übrig bleibende Freiraum mittels Zwischenkeilen 7 aufgefüllt wird.US 3,328,867 discloses a method for mounting blade roots in a Circumferential groove, the blade feet being parallelogram-shaped. For assembly A space is left open for the last blade root, into which the last one Blade root is inserted by a turn, after which the remaining one Free space is filled by means of intermediate wedges 7.

Die FR 363,064 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Montage von Schaufeln in einer Umfangsnut mittels Schaufelfüssen und Zwischenstücken, wobei zwecks Erhöhung der Montagesicherheit Zapfen durch mehrere Schaufelfüsse geführt werden. Für die Befestigung der letzten Schaufel wird ein Zwischenstück verwendet, das in zwei Hälften jeweils mit schrägen, geraden Seiten geteilt ist, die keilartig durch Stemmen in die Nut eingebracht werden.FR 363,064 discloses a method for mounting blades in a Circumferential groove by means of shovel feet and spacers, with the purpose of increasing assembly safety, pins are guided through several shovel feet. For the Attachment of the last shovel uses an intermediate piece that is in two Halves each with oblique, straight sides, which is wedge-like by caulking in the groove can be introduced.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, für die eingangs beschriebene Befestigung von Laufschaufeln in einer Umfangsnut halbierte Zwischenstücke zu schaffen, die im Vergleich zum hier erwähnten Stand der Technik kostengünstiger zu fertigen sind. It is the object of the invention for the attachment of Blades in a circumferential groove to create halved spacers, which in the Compared to the prior art mentioned here are cheaper to manufacture.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Laufschaufelbefestigung gemäss des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 gelöst, bei der die halbierten Zwischenstücke, in Betrachtung des vertikalen Querschnitts parallel zur langen Seite der Grundform, jene Seiten der halbierten Zwischenstücke, die der Mitte der Umfangsnut und dem nebenstehenden halbierten Zwischenstück zugewandt sind, hakenförmig ausgebildet sind. Dabei bildet die Hakenform des einen halbierten Zwischenstücks das geometrische Negativ der Hakenform des nebenstehenden halbierten Zwischenstücks, so dass die Seiten der beiden halbierten Zwischenstücke ineinander passen und sich aufgrund ihrer Hakenform formschlüssig ineinander verhängen lassen. Die beiden Zwischenstücke sind also als geometrische Gegenstücke voneinander anzusehen. Die Grundform oder der horizontale Querschnitt der erfindungsgemäss verhängten, halbierten Zwischenstücke ist rechtwinklig ausgebildet.This task is carried out by a blade attachment according to the generic term of claim 1, in which the halved intermediate pieces, in consideration of the vertical cross section parallel to the long side of the basic form, those sides the halved intermediate pieces, that of the middle of the circumferential groove and the adjacent halved intermediate piece are facing, hook-shaped are. The hook shape of a halved intermediate piece forms that geometric negative of the hook shape of the halved intermediate piece on the right, so that the sides of the two halved spacers into each other fit and interlock positively due to their hook shape to let. The two intermediate pieces are therefore geometrical counterparts from each other. The basic shape or the horizontal cross section of the Halved spacers imposed according to the invention is rectangular educated.

Die Verhängung von benachbarten, nebeneinander stehenden halbierten Zwischenstücken durch erfindungsgemässe Hakenform hat den Vorteil, dass die beiden halbierten Zwischenstücke nun zu einem einzigen Stück mit einem einzigen Schwerpunkt verbunden sind. Es ergibt sich ein Zwischenstück, das in bezug auf die Kräfte, die darauf wirken, einem ganzen Zwischenstück äquivalent ist, auf das nur geringe Axialkräfte wirken. Jene Axialkräfte, die auf die einzelnen halbierten Zwischenstücke wirken, wirken nunmehr auf die hakenförmigen Innenflächen der Zwischenstücke. Die Seitenflächen der Zwischenstücke, welche die Seitenwände der Nut berühren, sind dadurch entlastet. Daraus ist es ermöglicht, die kurzen Seitenwände der Zwischenstücke rechtwinklig zu fertigen. Da die Axialkräfte nun geringer sind, ergeben sich keine Einkerbungen an der Nutwand. Durch die Erfindung ergibt sich also der Vorteil, dass auch die halbierten Zwischenstücke rechtwinklig und kostengünstig gefertigt werden können.
Die erfindungsgemässen hakenförmigen Innenflächen der halbierten Zwischenstücke werden beispielsweise durch ein Laser-Schneidverfahren gefertigt. The hanging of adjacent, halved intermediate pieces standing next to one another by the hook shape according to the invention has the advantage that the two halved intermediate pieces are now connected to a single piece with a single center of gravity. The result is an intermediate piece which is equivalent in terms of the forces acting on it to an entire intermediate piece on which only small axial forces act. Those axial forces that act on the individual halved intermediate pieces now act on the hook-shaped inner surfaces of the intermediate pieces. The side surfaces of the intermediate pieces, which touch the side walls of the groove, are relieved. This makes it possible to manufacture the short side walls of the intermediate pieces at right angles. Since the axial forces are now lower, there are no notches on the groove wall. The invention therefore has the advantage that the halved intermediate pieces can also be manufactured at right angles and at low cost.
The hook-shaped inner surfaces of the halved intermediate pieces according to the invention are produced, for example, by a laser cutting process.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1a: Eine Umfangsnut an einem Rotor mit n-1 montierten Laufschaufeln und einem Montagespalt für die letzte, n-te Schaufel gemäss dem Stand der Technik,
  • Figur 1b: Dieselbe Umfangsnut mit n montierten Laufschaufeln und dem übriggebliebenen Restspalt gemäss dem Stand der Technik,
  • Figur 1c: Dieselbe Umfangsnut mit n montierten Laufschaufeln und n eingefügten Zwischenstücken gemäss dem Stand der Technik,
  • Figur 2a: Eine vertikale Ansicht 2a-2a eines Zwischenstückes nach dem Stand der Technik,
  • Figur 2b: Eine vertikale Ansicht 2b-2b eines halbierten Zwischenstücks nach dem Stand der Technik,
  • Figuren 3a, b c: Verschiedene Ausführungen der erfindungsgemässen, halbierten Zwischenstücke mit verhängten Innenflächen.
    • Show it:
  • FIG. 1a: a circumferential groove on a rotor with n-1 rotor blades and a mounting gap for the last, nth blade according to the prior art,
  • 1b: the same circumferential groove with n mounted blades and the remaining gap according to the prior art,
  • 1c: the same circumferential groove with n mounted blades and n inserted intermediate pieces according to the prior art,
  • FIG. 2a: a vertical view 2a-2a of an intermediate piece according to the prior art,
  • FIG. 2b: a vertical view 2b-2b of a halved intermediate piece according to the prior art,
  • FIGS. 3a, bc: Different designs of the halved intermediate pieces according to the invention with interposed inner surfaces.

    • Weg der Ausführung der ErfindungWay of carrying out the invention

    Figur 1a zeigt einen Rotor 1, in dem eine Umfangsnut 2 mit Nutzacken 3 angeordnet ist. In der Umfangsnut 2 sind Laufschaufeln 4 eingelegt, die mit 1., 2. usw. bis n-1 und n gekennzeichnet sind. Die Schaufelfüsse 5 der Laufschaufeln 3 besitzen eine parallelogramm-förmige Grundform, die der Breite der Umfangsnut angepasst ist, so dass die Seiten der Schaufelfüsse 5 flach auf die Seiten der Nut aufliegen. In ihrem Querschnitt sind die Schaufelfüsse grundsätzlich T-förmig, wodurch sie sich in den Nutzacken 3 verankern lassen. Die Parallelogramme der Schaufelfüsse sind ferner in ihrer Länge entlang der Umfangsrichtung so dimensioniert, dass nach Verankerung von n-1 Laufschaufelfüssen in der Nut ein Spalt übrig bleibt, welcher der langen Diagonale eines Schaufelfussrhombus gleich ist. Dieser Spalt gewährt also die Montage der letzten, n-ten Schaufel ohne seitliche Einbauöffnung. Nach Montage der letzten Schaufel verbleibt ein Restspalt 6 übrig wie in Figur 1b gezeigt.
    Figur 1c zeigt die Auffüllung des Restspalts 6 mittels Distanziereinlagen oder Zwischenstücken 7, 7a, 7b. Diese sind zwischen den Schaufelfüssen 5 eingelegt und auf gleiche Weise im Nutzacken 3 verankert wie die Schaufelfüsse selbst. Hierzu sind die Zwischenstücke 7, 7a, 7b in ihrer Form gleich ausgebildet wie die Schaufelfüsse, die sie fixieren. Die meisten Zwischenstücke sind sogenannte ganze Zwischenstücke 7 wie in Figur 2a, die restlichen Zwischenstücke sind halbierte Zwischenstücke 7a, 7b wie in Figur 2b dargestellt. Zunächst werden die ganzen Zwischenstücke eingelegt. Die halbierten Zwischenstücke 7a, 7b werden dann verwendet, wenn der Spalt für den Einbau der ganzen Zwischenstücke zu schmal geworden ist. Nach Einbau der halbierten Stücke verbleibt schliesslich ein kleiner Spalt, der mit einem Schlussstück geschlossen wird, sodass die Schaufeln in der Nut nahezu nahtlos fixiert sind.
    Figuren 3a bis c zeigen mehrere Varianten von halbierten Zwischenstücken 7a und 7b, die gemäss der Erfindung geformt und miteinander verhängt sind. Die erfindungsgemässe Hakenform 9 der Innenseiten 8 der Zwischenstücke ist in einer ersten Ausführung, wie in Figur 3a, rechtwinklig ausgebildet. Das Halbstück 7a ist dabei das geometrische Negativ des Halbstücks 7b, sodass die beiden Halbstücke formschlüssig wie dargestellt ineinander passen und miteinander verhängt werden können. Die Axialkräfte, die bei einem derart verhängten Zwischenstückpaar auf die Seitenwände der Rotornut wirken, sind gleich gross wie jene Axialkräfte, die auf ein ganzes Zwischenstück wirken. Der horizontale Querschnitt der verbundenen Zwischenstücke ist ebenfalls gezeigt, wobei die kurzen Seiten bezüglich der langen Seiten nicht mehr angeschrägt sind, sondern in rechtem Winkel zu ihnen stehen. Diese Form ist einfacher und kostengünstiger zu fertigen.
    Vorzugsweise liegt der Angriffspunkt der Verzahnungskräfte in der Verhängung, wie er mit Pfeilen angedeutet ist, auf der gestrichelt eingezeichneten Längsachse 11 des halbierten Zwischenstücks.
    Die Lage der Verhängung oder Verzahnung der Halbstücke 7a und 7b ist bezüglich der Nutzackenauflagepunkte 10 möglichst weit entfernt gewählt. Dies bezweckt, dass im Betrieb möglichst kleine Verbindungskräfte entstehen. Der Angriffspunkt der Verzahnungskräfte liegt deshalb vorzugsweise im oberen Fünftel der Gesamthöhe H des Bauteils des Zwischenstücks.
    In Figur 3b sind halbierte Zwischenstücke mit einer keil-förmigen Hakenform 9 gezeigt, welche in ähnlicher Weise miteinander verhängt werden wie in Figur 3a.
    Die Verhängung bewirkt wiederum ähnliche Axialkräfte, sodass die Grundform gleich wie in Figur 3a ist.
    Figur 3c zeigt eine weitere Ausführung mit einer zick-zack-förmigen Hakenform 9. Weitere Hakenformen mit beispielsweise geschwungene Formen sind auch ausführbar.    FIG. 1 a shows a rotor 1 in which a circumferential groove 2 with useful jaws 3 is arranged. In the circumferential groove 2 blades 4 are inserted, which are marked with 1., 2. etc. to n-1 and n. The blade roots 5 of the rotor blades 3 have a parallelogram-shaped basic shape which is adapted to the width of the circumferential groove, so that the sides of the blade roots 5 lie flat on the sides of the groove. In terms of their cross section, the blade feet are basically T-shaped, which means that they can be anchored in the useful jaws 3. The parallelograms of the blade roots are also dimensioned in their length along the circumferential direction so that after anchoring n-1 blade roots, a gap remains in the groove which is the same as the long diagonal of a blade root rhombus. This gap thus allows the assembly of the last, nth blade without a side installation opening. After the last blade has been installed, a residual gap 6 remains as shown in FIG. 1b.
    Figure 1c shows the filling of the remaining gap 6 by means of spacer inserts or spacers 7, 7a, 7b. These are inserted between the blade feet 5 and anchored in the useful jaw 3 in the same way as the blade feet themselves. For this purpose, the intermediate pieces 7, 7a, 7b are of the same shape as the blade feet which fix them. Most of the intermediate pieces are so-called whole intermediate pieces 7 as in FIG. 2a, the remaining intermediate pieces are halved intermediate pieces 7a, 7b as shown in FIG. 2b. First, all the intermediate pieces are inserted. The halved spacers 7a, 7b are used when the gap has become too narrow for the installation of the whole spacers. After installing the halved pieces, there is finally a small gap, which is closed with a closing piece, so that the blades are almost seamlessly fixed in the groove.
    Figures 3a to c show several variants of halved spacers 7a and 7b, which are shaped and hung together according to the invention. The hook shape 9 according to the invention of the inner sides 8 of the intermediate pieces is rectangular in a first embodiment, as in FIG. 3a. The half-piece 7a is the geometric negative of the half-piece 7b, so that the two half-pieces fit into one another as shown and can be hung together. The axial forces that act on the side walls of the rotor groove in the case of a pair of spacers so imposed are the same as those axial forces that act on a whole spacer. The horizontal cross section of the connected intermediate pieces is also shown, the short sides no longer being beveled with respect to the long sides, but rather being at right angles to them. This form is easier and cheaper to manufacture.
    Preferably, the point of engagement of the toothing forces in the suspension, as indicated by arrows, lies on the longitudinal axis 11 of the halved intermediate piece, shown in broken lines.
    The position of the hooking or toothing of the half pieces 7a and 7b is chosen as far away as possible with respect to the useful neck support points 10. The purpose of this is that the smallest possible connection forces arise during operation. The point of engagement of the toothing forces is therefore preferably in the upper fifth of the total height H of the component of the intermediate piece.
    In Figure 3b halved intermediate pieces are shown with a wedge-shaped hook shape 9, which are hung together in a similar manner as in Figure 3a.
    The imposition in turn causes similar axial forces, so that the basic shape is the same as in Figure 3a.
    FIG. 3c shows a further embodiment with a zigzag-shaped hook shape 9. Further hook shapes with, for example, curved shapes can also be implemented.

    BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

    11
    Rotorrotor
    22
    Umfangsnutcircumferential groove
    33
    NutzackenNutzacken
    44
    Laufschaufelblade
    55
    Schaufelfussblade root
    66
    Restspalt (Stand der Technik)Residual gap (state of the art)
    77
    Distanziereinlage, ganzes ZwischenstückSpacer insert, whole intermediate piece
    7a7a
    halbiertes Zwischenstückhalved intermediate piece
    7b7b
    halbiertes Zwischenstückhalved intermediate piece
    88th
    Innenseite der halbierten ZwischenstückeInside of the halved spacers
    99
    Hakenformhook shape
    1010
    Auflagepunkte in Nutzacken der Umfangsnut am RotorSupport points in the useful grooves of the circumferential groove on the rotor
    1111
    Längsachse des halbierten ZwischenstücksLongitudinal axis of the halved intermediate piece
    HH
    Höhe eines ZwischenstücksHeight of an intermediate piece

    Claims (5)

    1. Arrangement for the fastening of moving blades (4) in a rotor (1) of a fluid-flow machine by means of blade roots (5), the moving blades (4) of a moving-blade row in each case being arranged in a circumferential slot (2) on the rotor (1), and there being a residual gap (6), which is filled with intermediate pieces (7), after the last moving blade (4) of a moving-blade row has been fitted, the intermediate pieces (7) being arranged between the moving-blade roots (5), of which a plurality of intermediate pieces (7) are whole intermediate pieces (7) and the remaining intermediate pieces (7) are halved intermediate pieces having a first half (7a) and a second half (7b), and the outer side walls of all the whole and halved intermediate pieces (7, 7a, 7b) touch the axial side walls of the circumferential slot (2), characterized in that the first and second halves (7a, 7b) of the halved intermediate pieces each have a respective hook shape (9) on their inner sides (8), which face the centre of the circumferential slot (2), the inner side (8) of the one half (7a) being the geometric negative of the inner side (8) of the second, adjacent half (7b), and the first and second halves (7a, 7b) being connected to one another in a positive-locking manner, and axial interlocking forces being effective on the interlinked hook shapes (9).
    2. Arrangement for the fastening of moving blades (4) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal cross section of the whole and halved intermediate pieces (7, 7a, 7b) is rectangular.
    3. Arrangement for the fastening of moving blades (4) according to Claim 2, characterized in that the hook shape (9) on the inner sides (8) of the halved intermediate pieces (7a, 7b) is of right-angled, wedge-like or zigzag design.
    4. Arrangement for the fastening of moving blades (4) according to Claim 3, characterized in that the point of application (10) of the interlocking forces on the hook shapes (9) of the halved intermediate pieces (7a, 7b) is located in the top fifth of the overall height (H) of the intermediate pieces (7a, 7b).
    5. Arrangement for the fastening of moving blades (4) according to Claim 4, characterized in that the point of application (10) of the interlocking forces on the hook shapes (9) of the halved intermediate pieces (7a, 7b) is located on the longitudinal axis (11) of the halved intermediate pieces.
    EP99810127A 1999-02-12 1999-02-12 Fastening of turbomachine rotor blades Expired - Lifetime EP1028231B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (5)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE59906856T DE59906856D1 (en) 1999-02-12 1999-02-12 Fastening rotor blades of a flow machine
    EP99810127A EP1028231B1 (en) 1999-02-12 1999-02-12 Fastening of turbomachine rotor blades
    US09/501,998 US6299411B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2000-02-11 Fastening of moving blades of a fluid-flow machine
    CN00104177.0A CN1263204A (en) 1999-02-12 2000-02-12 Fixing component of rotating blade of fluid flow machine
    JP2000035921A JP2000234502A (en) 1999-02-12 2000-02-14 Installation of moving blade of fluid flow machine

    Applications Claiming Priority (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP99810127A EP1028231B1 (en) 1999-02-12 1999-02-12 Fastening of turbomachine rotor blades

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1028231A1 EP1028231A1 (en) 2000-08-16
    EP1028231B1 true EP1028231B1 (en) 2003-09-03

    Family

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    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP99810127A Expired - Lifetime EP1028231B1 (en) 1999-02-12 1999-02-12 Fastening of turbomachine rotor blades

    Country Status (5)

    Country Link
    US (1) US6299411B1 (en)
    EP (1) EP1028231B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP2000234502A (en)
    CN (1) CN1263204A (en)
    DE (1) DE59906856D1 (en)

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    GB0422507D0 (en) * 2004-10-11 2004-11-10 Alstom Technology Ltd Turbine blade and turbine rotor assembly
    EP1698758B1 (en) 2005-02-23 2015-11-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Axially split rotor end piece
    DE102005030516A1 (en) * 2005-06-28 2007-01-04 Man Turbo Ag Rotor for a turbine and method and apparatus for producing the rotor
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    EP1803899A1 (en) * 2006-01-02 2007-07-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Blade locking assembly for a turbomachine
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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    DE59906856D1 (en) 2003-10-09
    EP1028231A1 (en) 2000-08-16
    JP2000234502A (en) 2000-08-29
    US6299411B1 (en) 2001-10-09
    CN1263204A (en) 2000-08-16

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