EP1025024B1 - Refuse collection vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

Separated household refuse collection requires cost minimizing operation of vehicles (1) containing at least two holding areas (2, 3) for simultaneous collection of varying refuse fractions. In addition, exchanging holding areas ("containerization of refuse collection vehicles") becomes increasingly important. According to the invention, structures are used in which holding areas (2, 3) are partially fastened onto the vehicle in a firm manner and can be partially exchanged in order to optimally adapt to the local relationships. This results in reducing the costs of production, increasing the load capacity and simplifying the construction. The invention also relates to a vehicle construction in which the exchanging of holding areas (2, 3) is simplified. As a result, additional advantages are provided for planning refuse collection routes.

Description

State of the art:

The containerization of refuse collection vehicles for the collection of Garbage from garbage containers (i.e. garbage trucks with Swap body), which saves empty runs and the Long-distance transport of loaded garbage is rationalized numerous patents. There is also Garbage trucks with split bodies (e.g. with two Storage spaces) to access and collect routes to the Minimize households. Both are important measures that Garbage collection and transportation costs as low as possible hold. Depending on the infrastructure of a collection area and the Locations of the recycling or disposal facilities should these systems are used selectively.

Household refuse vehicles with horizontally divided storage spaces have the advantage that they (in principle, even with a dump device attached to the rear) enable a "double dump" for the refuse bins, i.e. the simultaneous emptying of two refuse containers side by side, but also of large containers (1100 l). Such horizontal dividers show, for example, the documents AU -A-48083/96, AU -A- 48082/96,
AU -A- 48081/96, DE 41 21 442 (≅ US 67/962208).

A practical version with two superimposed ones Containers, which are separated from each other to different Destinations can be sent for the first time DE 4417525.6 (WO 95/32135). Here, the Feeding device for introducing the waste fractions into the Storage spaces stored so that they both emptying the Container on the vehicle through an overhead axis of rotation, which engages in the overhead container, on the rear part enables, as well as by an underlying axis of rotation Folding down the rear loading device and parking the Containers permitted (see brochure of MultiRec Patentverwertungs- und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH, Ravensburg from May 1996). It is necessary to use both the top as well as the lower axis of rotation attached to the chassis designed to be unlockable and the pivoting movement of the To effect rear part with multiple telescopic cylinders.

Now, however, there are areas where the treatment facility for a kind of garbage still economically within the scope of Collection tour to be emptied with the crew can while treatment for the second or further Waste fraction takes place at a greater distance and one Long-distance transport required. There is no point in trash here and / or send crew through the countryside until everything is unloaded.

From document EP 0 739 827 is a garbage truck according to the Genus of the preamble of claim 1 become known. This Document relates to a garbage truck, which has at least one non-removable and a removable storage container includes. The changeable storage container is located here under the vehicle chassis and adapts to the vehicle chassis individually in its form in order to preserve the remaining space on To use the vehicle as an additional transport space. On Storage container provided above the chassis, which in can also be divided is fundamentally not removable. A disadvantage of this concept is therefore that poor usability of the various storage containers, which in particular cannot be handled uniformly.

The object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of Improve the state of the art and especially one more further rationalization of waste collection and transportation for to create selected structures, the cost of which Vehicle and its use should be kept to a minimum. There are also ways to find that using several containers on the vehicle can be easily removed or can be replaced. In particular, in Connection with simple infrastructure measures, such as Container handling points, optimal vehicle utilization can be achieved, whereby the handling of the container or Standard container on garbage truck improved or cheaper shall be.

The solution to these tasks is according to a garbage truck Claim 1 reached, the further subclaims represent advantageous developments and improvements.

Solution and advantages of the invention:

According to the invention comes a new one to solve the problems Structure for use. This makes it possible on the one hand the Waste fraction or waste fractions in the container or in Transport containers away and on the other hand one Unload fraction on site. For this task the Structure from at least one firmly built and at least a removable, containerized hold. The vehicle can then e.g. at the approached treatment facility or on the collecting tour at least one permanently built Completely empty the storage container and the filled one or more Exchange containers for corresponding empty containers and continue his collecting tour empty again.

This new design of a garbage truck is in Compared to a vehicle with only removable, several containers in the manufacture cheaper and technically easier. This is because of the fixed storage container at the same time attachment for the other facilities a garbage truck such as a loading device (lifting / tipping device) for household waste container emptying, one Feeding device for introducing the waste into the storage spaces or elements for depositing containers such as Slide rail, motion hydraulics, cable feeds (Hydraulics, electrics / electronics) etc. can serve. It is but also possible with this invention, e.g. one at the stern attached charging device so that part on Fixed cargo space remains while only another Part folded away for the removal of the container or is turned off. This flexible part can also be the closure the removable container and the loading device, because it is due to the fixed part remaining on the vehicle can be easily and precisely assembled. The Construction also allows the usual with fixed structures Use press shields in the container to compact waste.

The counter bearing to the container press sign can be through the Invention also in connection with the fixed storage space, also via a frame between the chassis and the storage space, Fasten. The connection between the press plate in one Swap container and drive are designed to be detachable. in the The case of the rear loader with the swap body on top can then its press hydraulics save space over the roof of the Be installed in the cab. For fully containerized Vehicles, on the other hand, would have to have all of these facilities on the chassis be attached. There is a lack of space and often higher forces to be absorbed due to larger lever arms, e.g. for swiveling a loading part located at the rear. A division of the loading device into several is pivotable removable parts and the above wirings difficult.

Another advantage is that the division of storage spaces, i.e. their volume relationships to each other and so that the collection route can be chosen more flexibly. Since that Driving off the collection route then i. A. must be ended, if one of the storage spaces is filled, this being a Subdivision of storage spaces according to the advent of different waste fractions presupposes - which also Experiences in tour planning can be involved - can also the permanently installed storage space in relation to the Storage space of the container and its associated waste z. B. deliberately chosen larger because the container against an empty one can be exchanged on the collection route. The total height of a truck is generally limited to 4 m. This sets the total volume (A + B) depending on the Storage space length and width fixed. For example, this is Generation of fraction "A" 40% by volume and "B" 60% by volume (Ratio B: A = 1.5) so the fixed structure for the Fraction "A" to be chosen to be about 57% by volume because of that for fraction "B" can be formed from 2 x 43% by at this example, a container change for the parliamentary group "B" takes place during the collecting tour. The garbage ratio is then (2 x 43>: 57 = approx. 1.5 thus 57: 40 = 1.425 (around 42%) longer. If the container is changed twice, the volume of the Fixed structure selected here to about 67% (and the removable Containers to 33%), because the garbage ratio results back to (3 x 33): 66 = approx.1.5. The discharge route is then 67:40 = 1.65, i.e. 65% longer. The vehicle must be in Relationship to container replacement takes more time to drive Emptying station for the fixed storage space perform less frequently. Because the collection up to Filling the solid storage space can be done and a often partially loaded containers for further tours can still be used because it can be easily replaced, consequently the vehicle is always fully loadable. Is too for statistical reasons with a longer collection route a more even, pre-calculated garbage volume ratio realizable. Another advantage arises from the fact that the smaller containers are due to the lower weight easier, e.g. B. by means of ordinary forklifts to let.

The advantages of course also apply to the execution of a Garbage truck with different combinations Swap container (s) and fixed body (ten). Here you become the Select the frequency of change and the volume ratio so that the fastest changeable container accordingly the previous considerations are chosen smaller and one has a wider variety of interpretations of the fixed Storage space or the fixed storage spaces.

It goes without saying that the entire structure of course also a mobile rack can be placed around the vehicle too to make them usable for other structures. The one with the Storage space connected to interchangeable frames is still considered here fixed storage space defined.

In order to keep container transport generally inexpensive, it is advantageous to do this in a known manner for Long-distance transport with slide rails, hooks, cables, Equip stacking feet, etc., so that they become several have a vehicle transported, e.g. B. in the case of a horizontally divided garbage truck stacked on top of each other.

In a further variant of the solution or for easy Handling containers will fix the vehicle at least one swap container - if necessary additionally for fixed installation - provided with a kind of frame in which the container (s) can be brought in. This makes everyone individual containers can be exchanged without being stacked lying container with an underlying storage space must be removed. Such a frame can also be used as Counter bearings serve for forces acting on the container act, for example for the press hydraulics Compaction device or the inclusion of a feed and / or Loading device and its movement or Attachment mechanisms.

In a third variant, it can be done with one another Storage spaces - especially for front or side loaders - be advantageous to have an overhead container over a storage space below (be it a container or a fixed body) to drop off smoothly. Here, for example Storage spaces tipped back and the upper container by means of Cable or crane hook z. B. by means of rollers, rails, Cable or the like over the lower one for settling brought.

EXAMPLES

Fig. 1 shows the example of the two-chamber rear loader with horizontally divided structure (it is of course the invention Also advantageous for storage spaces next to each other, here a storage space can be folded down to the side for changing) a vehicle according to the invention: the lower collecting space (2) of the vehicle (1) is fixed to the vehicle chassis connected. It therefore forms a permanent installation which the locking and folding mechanisms (5,5b, 5`, 5à, 5'b) for the upper container (3) - here for replacement Roller shutter elements (11) according to DE 19611813.1 are closed - and the rear feeding device (4) with the loading device Emptying the household waste container (known, not shown Lifting / tilting device) are attached. The lifting cylinder (6) for the lifting or swiveling of the loading device (4) can itself advantageous at the upper rear end of the lower Fasten the storage space (2). He can thus cost-effectively short stroke. The in eyelets (shown: 5b, 5'a, 5'b) retractable and extendable locking mechanism (5.5 ') for the rear loading device (4), made possible in known Swinging the loading device up and down (4) for emptying the storage spaces (2,3) and putting the containerized storage space (3) when the top latch (5 ') is not in engagement with the eyelets. A flexible charging device (4) is advantageously used. with two working loading flaps, which the Waste fractions in the upper or lower ones as required Load storage space (see DE 4417525 or PCT WO 95/32135). The fixed storage space (here the lower (2)) with its usual existing press and not shown here Discharge sign can be made using conventional technology, usually via moved a hydraulic telescopic cylinder, are formed. This telescopic cylinder is fixed on the vehicle (1) Abutment. The upper storage space (3) is as Removable standard container, e.g. B. by means of insertion tabs for Forklift or hook for a crane harness. The for that Rear part (4) required electrical lines, Hydraulic hoses for actuating the feed device etc., be advantageous in the area of about half the vehicle height hydraulic cylinder (6) attached to the fixed storage space and are much shorter and therefore better here to accommodate than with a fully containerized vehicle in the lower area of the then lower container storage space. This inventive partial containerization increases because of the simpler design options, e.g. for the Laying locks, hydraulic pistons or - hoses, cables and gliding devices such as rails and Compaction equipment also the payload of the Vehicle.

Fig. 2 shows a front or side loader with a Feeding device for introducing the waste into the storage spaces (4) by two stacking hatches according to WO 95/32135, which here in different loading positions is shown. Here is an example of the lower storage space (2) firmly attached to the chassis or a tiltable bridge, while the upper storage space (3, inclined 3 'and offset 3' ') as a container, e.g. as known by conveyor belt or cable (9.9 ') can be set back when building inclined in a known manner via the hydraulic cylinder (10) becomes. Of course, other variants are possible, so that Attach the hydraulic cylinder (10) to the lower one Storage space (2). The container (3, 3 ') can also be known Inclined and slidable by means such as rollers (20), Corresponding cable (9), rails (14) and profiles (18) Fig. 5- or crane brought, or by on the vehicle carried crane can be lifted directly. It is further possible to design the upper storage space (3,3 ') in a fixed manner and replace the lower storage space (2,2 '). Then the Upper storage space (3.3 ') advantageously fixed at the front with the loading mechanism (4,4 ') connected and attached to the rear of the chassis Connection carrier placed between which the lower storage space (2,2 ') as a container e.g. can slide off.

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment with a fixed top Storage space using the example of a rear loader in sloping Rear view with feed and loading unit (4), the lower one Storage space (2) by tilting the body over one Hydraulic cylinder (10) in a known manner by means of rope (s) or hook or the like drained down towards the rear becomes. The container (2) is up and down for this a long-distance transport vehicle (usually a hook device) in known manner on its lower rear edge with rollers (not shown) provided. The right connector (12) (left not shown) between chassis and Fixed structure is also advantageous as a rotatable support bracket shown. It is behind during the collecting tour the stern and is used to lower the container from the profile of the swap body turned outwards (arrow) as it is in Unloading direction interferes. This makes it possible to use the full permissible vehicle width (usually 2.5 m) for the lower storage space to use. With fixed connecting beams otherwise the lower container (s) would have to be narrower run, resulting in a loss of storage space and thus frequent container changes. Is shown also an abutment (13) for a not shown Press sign, which can be in the lower container, to the waste / recyclables in the container in a known manner condense or empty them out. Here is the Detachable connection between press plate and abutment (13) designed (advantageously detachable directly behind the press plate), so that the hydraulic unit when changing containers can remain inexpensive on the chassis. These representations are only exemplary.

Other versions, e.g. for garbage trucks with 3 or more Storage spaces as well as with adjacent storage spaces can be advantageously carried out with the invention. In the latter case can e.g. a left storage space in the direction of the vehicle assembled as a mounting base and abutment when changing for a containerized storage space on the right serve. It is also possible to use the lifting and tilting device for the Emptying the household waste container or the entire Loading device at the fixed storage space, e.g. swiveling, too attach to make the interchangeable container easier to make it accessible.

Fig. 4 shows an example with a structure front-side, here swiveling feed device (16), Feed flaps (17) with the possibility of arranging two superimposed but detachable Storage containers. The storage container below (2) is being unloaded from a frame (14). Here is a Upper storage container, not shown, on one Frame (14) can be fastened, this for example via Fastening eyes (15) and bolts connected to the frame is. The frame can also be e.g. with a swap body or be directly connected to the vehicle chassis.

It is also advantageous in vehicles with one or several interchangeable storage containers in one Detachable frame attached to the vehicle (e.g. with bolts, Locks, etc.) to be fastened so that the Can / can easily remove container without unnecessarily handled that storage space or those storage spaces must / must be that which are not needed. This Thoughts are of course also an advantage for such vehicles, which only have interchangeable storage containers, as shown here by way of example.

In the case of this example, one is above the one shown Container on the frame (14) second container discontinued, it may be advantageous to lower or several containers located underneath partly to to ride along on the floor to rest as Sliding track to be used. The container to be sold will then tilt less at the end edge of the frame if he e.g. drained on ropes.

The attachment to the vehicle can be done one above the other lying containers can also be designed like a shelf, which, for example, only consists of three or four vertical ones Post exists. With four posts, this becomes advantageous in the area of the container corners or the center of the side of the Arrange containers. In the case of three posts, these will be advantageously arranged so that two of them are together lying corners and one at the opposite Outside of the container (s) are preferred for Clear the discharge. With four posts, in particular for those at the center of the side, one can be folded away be designed. The container (s) remain stable stand as long as they are on the other sides with the frame stay locked.

Fig. 5 shows an interchangeable storage container (2) exemplary space-saving on a container rack (14) is arranged so as to result in a loss of transport volume Avoid gaps that create a frame (14) could. Here, the container (2) is on its underside (and advantageously also on the top) with profiles provided, which saves the profile of the frame (14) enclose. At the same time, this results in another one Advantage for the longitudinal guidance of a known press plate (19), which is better in the longitudinal direction due to these profiles to be led. The profiles (18) also result in a Stabilization of the profiled sides against internal pressure. The Arrow indicates the direction of the exchange Containers.

A frame that holds the container (s) is also advantageous encloses below and above, whereby it advantageously saves space engages in the profiles (18). So the container at Settling prevented from tipping when he leaves the frame. Of course, the support surface of a frame (14) with - e.g. Settling rails mounted on rollers - provided be on which the container is stored, in order to set it down to enable further sufficient edition and thus on to prevent early tipping.

With the charging device known in WO 95/32135 storage space next to each other can also be easily realize (see there Fig. 1a, partition 4). Will this designed as a container next to each other, so leave it easily, e.g. can also be removed laterally by forklift and change. This may be the case with a rear loader length-limiting loading device (4, Fig.1) somewhat swung away, e.g. as shown in Fig.1, shifted or removed to get maneuvering space.

There is also training with at least two in a row horizontal storage compartments as a cross-dividing vehicle with side Fill, at least one of which has a solid structure represents advantageous. The storage spaces of one Cross divider can be advantageous with a side in Longitudinally attached charging device (e.g. according to WO 95/32135).

The invention is not shown on and described embodiments limited. It includes rather all professional variants within the scope of Patent claims.

Claims (26)

1. Refuse collection vehicle (1) with a device (4, 16) for emptying refuse receptacles into the refuse collection vehicle and with at least two holding spaces (2, 3) for the separate collection of various fractions of refuse, in particular domestic refuse, at least one removable holding space container being provided, characterised in that above the vehicle chassis holding space containers (2, 3) located one above the other, next to one another or behind one another are provided, of which at least one holding space container (2, 3) is designed as a removable standard container suitable for long-distance transportation and in that a non-exchangeable holding space container (2, 3) or an associated fastening frame (14) has means for fastening and/or handling the exchangeable holding space container.
2. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that the fixed holding space (2, 3) is attached to the vehicle chassis or to an exchanging frame.
3. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that to load the various sorts of refuse into the holding spaces (2, 3) feed mechanisms (4, 16), in particular loading shovels, are provided.
4. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that a loading device is provided, in particular a lifting and tipping device for refuse receptacles.
5. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 4, characterised in that a feed device (4, 16) and/or loading device is fastened to a non-exchangeably designed holding space (2, 3) or a fastening frame (14).
6. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that a fixed holding container (2, 3) has means for fastening or removing or rolling off or depositing (9, 14, 18, 20) a removable holding space or container (2, 3).
7. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that to release a removable container (2, 3) for the handling thereof the loading device (4) and/or feed mechanism is designed so it can pivot or be pushed away.
8. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 6, characterised in that a fixed holding container (2, 3) has means such as guides, rails, roll-off edges, conveyor belt, conveyor chain, rollers (9, 14, 18, 20) or the like, serving to deposit/roll off at least one loose container (2, 3).
9. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that a hydraulic tipping system (10) is provided for emptying the holding space container (2, 3) and/or exchanging a container.
10. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that the holding container (2, 3) has an, in particular, hydraulically drivable pressing plate (19) for compressing and/or emptying the refuse, this pressing plate (19) abutting the vehicle or a frame on the vehicle which is stationary during operation.
11. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that at least two holding spaces (2, 3) are provided which are located next to one another or behind one another or one above the other.
12. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that the volumes of the holding spaces (2, 3) for various refuse fractions are not selected with the ratio of the volumes of the individual refuse fractions predetermined by the amount of refuse, so in particular the volume of an exchangeable container is reduced in favour of an increase in the volume of a fixed container.
13. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that an exchange container (2, 3) is provided with mechanisms for common transportation on a long-distance transportation vehicle with rails, hooks, rollers, stacking bases (18) or the like.
14. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that an exchange container located underneath a rigidly constructed holding space (2, 3) is provided, the support bracket (12) for a rigid construction which is in the way in the unloading direction being designed so as to pivot out of the profile of an exchange container.
15. Refuse collection vehicle with a device for emptying refuse receptacles into the refuse collection vehicle and with at least two holding spaces for the separate collection of various fractions of refuse, in particular domestic refuse according to claim 1, characterised in that a fastening frame (14) for at least one exchange container (2, 3) is provided on which at least one further exchange container (2, 3) can be fastened.
16. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1 or 15, characterised in that the fastening frame (14) for holding spaces (2, 3) which are located horizontally one above the other consists of three or four vertical holding posts arranged such that the exchange container(s) may be removed laterally.
17. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 16, characterised in that at least one of the vertical holding posts is foldable in design to release a container (2, 3).
18. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1 or 15, characterised in that at least the support side or upper side of a container (2, 3) on the frame (14) has profiles (18) which effect a space-saving support of the container (2, 3) or a space-saving stacking of containers (2, 3) on the frame (14).
19. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1 or 15, characterised in that a frame (14) is provided having means such as depositing rails which are, in particular, arranged so as to be withdrawable between the frame (14) and exchange container (2, 3).
20. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1 or 15, characterised in that a frame (14) is provided having at least one exchange container (2, 3) and holding devices such as rails forming an abutment for the container preventing its tipping movement at the end of withdrawal from the frame (14).
21. Refuse collection vehicle with a device for emptying refuse receptacles into the refuse collection vehicle with at least two holding spaces (2, 3) for the collection of various fractions of refuse according to claim 1, characterised in that holding spaces or containers (2, 3) located one above the other are provided, an upper container (3) having roll-off or slide-off means (20) and optionally holding means (9, 14) such as rollers, rails, cable pull, roll-off crane or the like and being removable from the lower holding space container (2).
22. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that a separate fastening frame (14) for at least one removable holding space container is provided above the vehicle chassis or above an associated exchange frame for receiving at least one holding space container (2, 3), means being provided for fastening and/or handling the exchangeable holding space container (2, 3).
23. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 22, characterised in that receiving takes place by means of a frame (14) surrounding a container (2, 3) at the bottom and the top.
24. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 22, characterised in that receiving takes place by means of at least three posts, arranged in the corner region and/or in the lateral region of the container (2, 3).
25. Refuse collection vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that an, in particular, hydraulically drivable pressing plate (19) or a loading mechanism (4) or feed mechanism (16) abutting the vehicle or an exchangeable or stationary frame or holding frame by means of an abutment (13) is associated with a holding container (2, 3) for compressing and/or emptying the refuse.
26. Refuse collection vehicle according to claim 25, characterised in that a pressing plate (19) or a loading mechanism (4) or feed mechanism (16) is divided into elements in such a way that a part thereof, preferably the drive part remains on the rigid construction or on the frame.

Images