EP1006828B1 - Footwear sole construction - Google Patents

Footwear sole construction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1006828B1
EP1006828B1 EP96922059A EP96922059A EP1006828B1 EP 1006828 B1 EP1006828 B1 EP 1006828B1 EP 96922059 A EP96922059 A EP 96922059A EP 96922059 A EP96922059 A EP 96922059A EP 1006828 B1 EP1006828 B1 EP 1006828B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
insulating layer
construction
reflective
sole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96922059A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1006828A1 (en
Inventor
Hannu Minkkinen
Arto Laine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lenkki Oy
Original Assignee
Lenkki Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lenkki Oy filed Critical Lenkki Oy
Publication of EP1006828A1 publication Critical patent/EP1006828A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1006828B1 publication Critical patent/EP1006828B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A43B17/14—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined made of sponge, rubber, or plastic materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/34—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with protection against heat or cold

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a footwear sole construction as presented in the preamble of the accompanying claim 1.
  • air-containing porous plastic has been used as heat-insulating material, which plastic has poor thermal conductivity and which therefore serves as an insulator.
  • the construction of the insulator is so dense that the convection, i.e., in this case the air flow through the insulator, is prevented.
  • a material of this type is most commonly of foamed polyurethane, EVA (ethylene-vinylacetate) foam or latex foam.
  • Another generally used solution is to "lighten" the somewhat thick sole construction by shaping projections on the sole surface which is against the foot, between which projections there is left material and weight saving air pocket which, at the same time, is a heat-insulating construction.
  • a reflective layer can have been glued on the surface of the insulating layer, which reflective layer is most commonly a thin metal film, e.g. a lustrous aluminium foil.
  • a lustrous metal surface well reflects the heat radiation coming via the insulating layer and it should thus prevent heat loss by radiation.
  • the reflective layer is attached to the insulating layer by gluing.
  • the glue layer is thin (0.02-0.03 mm) and e.g. visually seen it is transparent, it can affect the heat-insulating properties.
  • Many materials used as a glue absorb well heat radiation in the wavelength area of 8 to 15 ⁇ m, and the quantity that is absorbed can well exceed even 80 %.
  • the radiation reflecting back from the reflecting surface of the reflective layer is absorbed when returning to the glue layer, so that over 95 % of the heat radiation can be absorbed even to a thin glue layer. The quantity of the heat radiation returning to the insulating layer can thus be very small.
  • the problem is that the materials of the reflective layer also conduct well heat, wherein when the heat is transferred by conducting from the glue layer to the reflective layer, heat is transferred out exactly due to the good heat conductivity of the reflective layer, e.g. to the glue layer on the opposite side of the reflective layer.
  • British Patent application GB-A-2137866 discloses a separate insole in which a surface which is facing the inner sole is made of polyester coated with a metal film, and between the outermost metal surface and the inner sole there is an additional intermediate layer, having a thickness of 1 mm, attached to the metal surface, perforated and made of polyethylene.
  • the polyester layer (PET) on the side of the foot behaves in the same manner as the glue layer; it conducts well heat, and the openness of the intermediate layer facing the inner sole subjects the metal layer to mechanical damages and the heat is capable of transferring partially by convection through holes, particularly in the case of a separate Insole, which will move during the use.
  • Document EP-A-0 042 138 shows an insole where a film of aluminized polymeric material is placed on the underside of a central layer of elastomeric material .
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the above mentioned disadvantages and to present a sole construction with improved heat insulation properties, the sole construction being most commonly an insole used between the inner lining and the wear sole.
  • the sole construction is mainly characterized in what is presented in the characterizing portion of the accompanying claim 1.
  • the reflective surface of the reflective layer is attached directly to material of an insulating layer without an intermediate absorbent glue layer.
  • the significance of this construction has until now remained undiscovered, but it can be proved that the advantage achieved by means of it is distinctly to be noticed in connection with insulating layers permeable to heat radiation.
  • the construction has two such reflective surfaces facing opposite directions so that they can act in both directions.
  • the reference numeral 1 refers generally to an insulating layer having the predominant task of preventing heat transfer from taking place by conduction.
  • the insulating layers employed advantageously in the construction of the invention are discussed later.
  • a glue layer 2 To this layer there is attached, by using a glue layer 2, a reflective layer 3 made of such material that its surface reflects more than 90 %, preferably more than 95 % of the heat radiation coming thereto in the wave-length area of 8 to 15 ⁇ m. Such materials include metals, and the most employed material is aluminium.
  • the reflective layer 3 can be further attached to its other side to another construction by means of a glue layer 2.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a construction according to the invention, in which, as in Fig. 1, the thickness of the layers has been exaggerated for the sake of clarity.
  • the insulating layer 1 is generally of plastic material with good heat-radiation permeability but poor heat conductivity being characterized in the employed layer thickness by a heat-radiation permeability of 40 to 90 % taken as average in a wavelength area of 8 to 15 ⁇ m, particularly in the wavelength range between 9 and 10 ⁇ m, which corresponds to foot temperature.
  • a material of this type is characterized by the fact that, particularly compared to an ordinary polyethylene-terephthalate (polyester) of the same thickness, it is in the employed layer thickness characterized by at least twice, preferably at least three times, higher heat-radiation permeability in the wavelength range of 9 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the material is advantageously of some expanded polyolefin having a cellular construction brought about by orientation.
  • Most advantageously suitable are such films which have a thickness not exceeding 0.1 mm, and most commonly in an area between 0.025 and 0.06 mm and having a closed-cell cellular construction brought about by cavitation technique.
  • One suitable film material is polypropylene, and applicable for this purpose is e.g.
  • a reflective layer 4 is attached directly on the surface of the insulating layer 1, wherein a reflective surface 4a crucial to the heat-insulation has a direct contact with the material of the insulating layer 1. It is important that the interface is sharp so that the material having the above mentioned properties of the insulating layer 1 changes at the interface layer to the material of the reflective layer 4 without an intermediate layer having distinctly different properties from those of the insulating layer.
  • Non-glue attachment of this kind to the insulating layer can be obtained e.g. by vacuum evaporating the material of the reflective layer 4 onto the surface of the insulating layer 1, and this can be obtained by a known vacuum evaporation technique of metals, by which technique plastic materials are metallized.
  • other methods can be considered for attaching the film directly onto the surface of the insulating layer, e.g. a closed cellular construction could be formed directly on top of the metal film.
  • the heat radiation (arrow 6) is reflected almost entirely (arrow 7) from the reflective surface 4a, because there exists no heat-absorbing material between the insulating layer 1 and the reflective layer 4, and only the portion (arrow 8) determined by the properties of the material of the reflective layer 4 is absorbed and is transferred away by conducting.
  • the emission coefficient of a vacuum-evaporated aluminium film is 0.04 at temperature of 20°C, which corresponds to a reflectivity of 96 %.
  • the thickness of the reflective layer 4 is most advantageously not more than 50 nm, which is a relatively thick layer in vacuum-evaporation technique, corresponding to a basis weight of 0.15 g/m 2 for aluminium.
  • the insulating layer 1 is characterized by the fact that it is a film having a uniform macroscopic construction and covering the reflective layer 4, i.e., it is closed having no holes in the middle through which the heat could pass through the film by convection, the air operating as the medium, and through which the reflective layer would be subject to damages.
  • the above mentioned layers constitute the minimum conditions for the invention to be functional.
  • the insulating layer 1 is in the insole on the side of the inner lining and the reflective layer 4a faces consequently the inner linings.
  • the insulating layer 1 is positioned in the insole on the side of the wear sole and the reflective surface 4a of the reflective layer faces consequently the wear sole.
  • Fig. 2 shows at the same time a two-sided construction according to the invention which construction can be used for preventing the heat from transferring from both sides.
  • the construction has a second insulating layer 1 and a reflective layer 4 attached directly thereon, the layers being situated in a mirror symmetrical manner in relation to the first layered construction in a manner that the reflective layers 4 are situated in the middle of the construction and their reflective surfaces 4a reflecting heat radiation are facing to the opposite directions towards their own insulating layers 1.
  • These layered constructions comprising an insulating layer 1 and a reflective layer 4 can be attached together by attaching the reflective layers 4 at their free surfaces together, e.g. by means of an intermediate glue layer 2, which has no disadvantageous effect in this position.
  • Fig. 2 further shows how the insulating layers 1 are joined at their outer surfaces to the rest of the sole construction 5, e.g. to an ordinary insole material, and at this point a glue line also can be used for joining.
  • the inner lining can serve as the layer 5 above, and beneath there can be the uppermost blank piece of the insole, having the size of the shoe sole.
  • the two-layer construction includes the advantage that the inner thin reflective layers 4 are well protected and the outermost insulating layers 1 function as attachment surfaces with the other layers. Particularly in the insole, but also elsewhere in the shoe sole, the thin layer 4 is not subject to bending to the degree that it would be damaged.
  • the insulating layer 1 can be used for separating the reflective layer 4a from such layers of the sole construction which have a distinctly poorer heat-radiation permeability than the insulating layer 1 or which are practically non-permeable to heat radiation.
  • the above-mentioned two-sided protection can also be obtained by means of a construction having the reflective layer 4 attached on both sides of the insulating layer 1 in accordance with the invention, wherein on both sides of the insulating layer there is a reflective surface 4a directly against it, which reflective surface is capable of receiving the heat radiation coming through the insulating layer 1 without intermediate absorbent material.
  • the glue line is also in this situation elsewhere than between the reflecting surface and the insulating layer.
  • the heat radiation in this construction is low as such, because the reflective layer 4 has a poor emissivity and it does not radiate much when warmed up.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section of a footwear in which the sole construction is situated.
  • the construction is most advantageously a layered construction situated close to the interior of the footwear, in the example of Fig. 3 a fixed insole 11, to which the vamp or upper 12 is attached by using methods generally known in footwear industry.
  • An outsole to which the ready-made vamp part is connected by means of a soling method is denoted by reference numeral 13, and the filling which is left between the insole 11 and the outsole 13 is denoted by reference numeral 14.
  • the entity constituted of one or several insulating layers 1 and reflective layers 4 is placed to a correct position in relation to the direction of the incoming heat radiation, preferably in the middle of the insole, wherein they are supported and protected by its layers.
  • Fig. 4 shows yet another sole construction, i.e., a separate insole 15 or insert positioned on top of the inner sole (interior bottom) of the footwear.
  • the layered construction composed of the insulating layer 1 and the reflective layer 2, most advantageously the two-sided construction of Fig. 2 is situated preferably in the middle, wherein on its other side there is a layer having the suitable properties and placed against the foot sole, and on the other side there is a layer placed against the inner sole.
  • the effect of the glue layer on heat reflection was measured by means of a long-wave camera.
  • the test included three samples, the order of the samples from the top to the bottom being:
  • the OPP-film is a biaxially oriented polypropylene film.
  • the samples were placed side by side on a surface of room temperature (23°C).
  • a vessel of warm water (36°C) was placed to serve as the heat source and on the other side a heat camera was placed by which the temperatures of the heat source and the sample surfaces were measured.
  • the surface of the sample 1 showed a temperature of 27°C and the surfaces of the samples 2 and 3 both showed a temperature of 25°C and the surface below showed a temperature of 23°C.
  • the glue layer between the OPP-film and the aluminium surface prevented the heat-reflecting effect of the aluminium and the reflectivity showed the same value as the sample without the aluminium layer.
  • insoles were manufactured for tests.
  • the basic materials were common commercial insole materials.
  • An element according to the invention was laminated to a part of the samples.
  • the warmth of the different solutions were measured by employing a device in which the sample to be measured was pressed against an aluminium surface in a cold weather room (-10°C) by means of a heating element constructed for this purpose.
  • the heating element was heated at a constant power and the temperature was measured on the surface of the sample after the stabilization time of two hours. The better the insulation was, the higher the temperature that was measured.
  • the insole provided with the element of the invention was 2°C warmer than a corresponding construction without the element (8.9°C versus 10.8°C).
  • the insulation properties were improved but distinctively less than when the construction was provided with a reflective layer.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
EP96922059A 1995-07-04 1996-07-04 Footwear sole construction Expired - Lifetime EP1006828B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI953293 1995-07-04
FI953293A FI98042C (fi) 1995-07-04 1995-07-04 Jalkineen pohjarakenne
PCT/FI1996/000394 WO1997001972A1 (en) 1995-07-04 1996-07-04 Footwear sole construction

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1006828A1 EP1006828A1 (en) 2000-06-14
EP1006828B1 true EP1006828B1 (en) 2003-08-13

Family

ID=8543730

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96922059A Expired - Lifetime EP1006828B1 (en) 1995-07-04 1996-07-04 Footwear sole construction

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1006828B1 (ru)
AT (1) ATE246885T1 (ru)
AU (1) AU6307096A (ru)
DE (1) DE69629503D1 (ru)
DK (1) DK1006828T3 (ru)
FI (1) FI98042C (ru)
NO (1) NO311824B1 (ru)
RU (1) RU2169514C2 (ru)
WO (1) WO1997001972A1 (ru)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2778099B1 (fr) * 1998-04-30 2000-10-06 Dominique Mace Dispositif permettant de corriger les troubles dus aux desequilibres du systeme tonique postural
US20040018336A1 (en) 2002-07-29 2004-01-29 Brian Farnworth Thermally insulating products for footwear and other apparel
US10165822B2 (en) * 2015-10-21 2019-01-01 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Insulated footwear articles
CN210642706U (zh) 2017-09-29 2020-06-02 耐克创新有限合伙公司 鞋类物品
US20200305527A1 (en) * 2019-03-27 2020-10-01 Nike, Inc. Structurally-Colored Articles and Methods for Making and Using Structurally-Colored Articles
EP3969947A1 (en) 2019-06-26 2022-03-23 Nike Innovate C.V. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US20210022444A1 (en) 2019-07-26 2021-01-28 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
EP4044860A1 (en) 2019-10-21 2022-08-24 Nike Innovate C.V. Structurally-colored articles
WO2021243220A2 (en) 2020-05-29 2021-12-02 Nike, Inc. Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
US11129444B1 (en) 2020-08-07 2021-09-28 Nike, Inc. Footwear article having repurposed material with concealing layer
US11241062B1 (en) 2020-08-07 2022-02-08 Nike, Inc. Footwear article having repurposed material with structural-color concealing layer

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4055699A (en) * 1976-12-02 1977-10-25 Scholl, Inc. Cold insulating insole
EP0042138A3 (en) * 1980-06-17 1982-04-21 Schering-Plough Corporation Simplified cold insulating insole
DE3441624A1 (de) * 1984-11-14 1986-05-15 Puma-Sportschuhfabriken Rudolf Dassler Kg, 8522 Herzogenaurach Sportschuh
US4658515A (en) * 1985-02-05 1987-04-21 Oatman Donald S Heat insulating insert for footwear

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6307096A (en) 1997-02-05
DK1006828T3 (da) 2003-12-08
ATE246885T1 (de) 2003-08-15
RU2169514C2 (ru) 2001-06-27
NO976090D0 (no) 1997-12-29
DE69629503D1 (de) 2003-09-18
NO311824B1 (no) 2002-02-04
FI953293A0 (fi) 1995-07-04
FI98042B (fi) 1996-12-31
NO976090L (no) 1997-12-29
WO1997001972A1 (en) 1997-01-23
EP1006828A1 (en) 2000-06-14
FI98042C (fi) 1997-04-10

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