EP0992759A1 - Vorrichtung zur Justierung eines Lasersendungskanals mit einem passiven Beobachtungskanal - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur Justierung eines Lasersendungskanals mit einem passiven Beobachtungskanal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0992759A1
EP0992759A1 EP99402413A EP99402413A EP0992759A1 EP 0992759 A1 EP0992759 A1 EP 0992759A1 EP 99402413 A EP99402413 A EP 99402413A EP 99402413 A EP99402413 A EP 99402413A EP 0992759 A1 EP0992759 A1 EP 0992759A1
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Prior art keywords
laser
channel
emission
photoluminescent
excitation
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Granted
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EP99402413A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0992759B1 (de
Inventor
Michel Thomson-CSF Propriété Intellect. Papuchon
Denis Thomson-CSF Propriété Intellect. Rabault
Martin Thomson-CSF Propriété Intellect. Defour
Jean-Paul Thomson-CSF Propriété Intel. Pocholle
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/32—Devices for testing or checking
    • F41G3/326—Devices for testing or checking for checking the angle between the axis of the gun sighting device and an auxiliary measuring device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the harmonization between a laser emission channel and passive observation channel
  • optical channels can be of separate or combined axes. Harmonization consists of make the optical axes of these channels parallel so that they have a line of common sight.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to target designation comprising a laser path and a passive path observation type imager or devometer. It also applies to active / passive imaging systems with a laser emission pathway scanning and a passive imaging channel. More generally, it applies to any system for which it is necessary to harmonize the emission channel laser and the passive observation path.
  • the target designation by laser is advantageously carried out thanks to a 'pod' (this term meaning nacelle in Anglo-Saxon language) arranged in external carriage of the aircraft.
  • a 'pod' this term meaning nacelle in Anglo-Saxon language
  • he can include an imaging channel with infrared detection, in band II or III, to locate the target and a laser path, whose optical axis can be separate or confused with that of the imaging channel, for example emitting in the near infrared and 'locked' on the imaging channel.
  • This locking assumes perfect 'alignment' between the two tracks, i.e. the perfect parallelism of their optical axes (combined or not), defining then the same line of sight. This harmonization must be able to be checked during the mission.
  • the emission wavelength of the laser is not included in the spectral band of the imaging channel sensor or if the laser emits pulses of too short a duration to be detected by the sensor, it is not possible to harmonize the channels by taking a fraction of the laser beam and reflecting it back to the sensor in order to determine the distance between the spot formed by the laser on the sensor and the center of the sensor.
  • French patent application 2,669,427 describes a device for checking the alignment of a laser beam sighting track and a track infrared imaging, for example in a laser designation pod. It is composed of a case comprising a cassette containing a film of polyimide and means of advancement of this film. During the procedure harmonization, the laser beam is focused on the film which heats up, thus generating a hot spot visualized on the infrared detector, which measures the alignment deviation of the two channels. To be visible in band II or III, the heating must be significant and leads to destruction local film, which explains the presence of means to advance the film put in place.
  • the case is bulky and the solution described does not allow to harmonize during designation operations or to harmonize for the operational lines of sight, by particularly in the case where the system foresees a possible deflection of the line of sight.
  • the device according to the invention overcomes these drawbacks by putting in works conversion means to obtain from a fraction of the incident laser beam for example, a beam detectable by the passive channel detector. These means are based on the properties of photoluminescence of certain materials.
  • the invention relates to a device for harmonization between an emission channel comprising a laser emitting a laser beam and a passive observation channel comprising a sensor, the device comprising means for converting a light beam incident in a retropropagative beam.
  • the device is characterized in that that it includes optical means making it possible to send simultaneously, towards the emission channel, almost all of the laser beam and, towards the means conversion, an excitation beam forming the incident beam and whose direction of propagation and divergence are related to those of the laser beam transmission to the conversion means, in that the means of conversion include a photoluminescent material, which, when excited wavelength of the excitation beam, emits radiation whose wavelength is within the spectral band of the channel sensor of observation as well as an optical assembly allowing to focus the excitation beam in the photoluminescent material and collect at minus part of the radiation emitted to form the beam retropropagative, and in that it further comprises means for sending the backpropagagative beam on the sensor allowing to locate in time real the defects of harmonization.
  • the means of conversion include a photoluminescent material, which, when excited wavelength of the excitation beam, emits radiation whose wavelength is within the spectral band of the channel sensor of observation as well as an optical assembly allowing to focus the excitation beam in the photolum
  • the excitation beam is simply a fraction of the laser beam from the emission channel, sufficient to perform the conversion.
  • the means of converting the device according to the invention have a reduced size allowing great flexibility of implementation of harmonization procedures.
  • the very large variety of photoluminescent materials in terms of spectral band of emission and lifetime of emission makes it possible to adapt the means of conversion to the characteristics of the sensor of the passive observation channel.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a layout diagram of a device according to the prior art of the patent cited above in a target designation system by laser pod type guidance.
  • the system considered here comprises an emission channel comprising a LAS laser emitting a laser beam FL whose optical axis is shown in dotted lines alternating short and long in Figure 1.
  • the LAS laser is for example a laser Nd: YAG type pulse emitting pulses of a few tens from nanoseconds to 1.06 ⁇ m for designation and / or telemetry.
  • the laser beam FL is in this example substantially collimated.
  • the system also includes a passive observation path the optical axis of which is shown in dotted lines in FIG.
  • the detector can be a type imager thermal imager or a distance meter in the case for example of the designation of a target illuminated by an additional light beam.
  • the optical axes of the two channels are superimposed by means of a MEL mixer, for example a cube dichroic reflecting almost the entire laser emission flux and transmitting almost all of the incident infrared flux. But the two ways could be separate, with parallel optical axes.
  • the line of sight is common between the two ways; she can present, as in the example illustrated in Figure 1, a possibility of travel allowing to explore an important field, thanks to two rotations, indicated ROT A and ROT B, around two perpendicular axes of rotation.
  • a set of two beam alignment mirrors ML1 and ML2 laser (FL) is used defining the two axes around which the rotations.
  • the system also includes an afocal AFO device, common to the 2 channels in the example illustrated in Figure 1, allowing to extend the laser beam (FL) of the emission channel and to collect the flux emitted by a scene to be observed.
  • the set including in particular the afocal device, the MEL mixer, the OBJ objective and the DET sensor of the passive observation channel forms the optical sighting head VIS, movable around rotation axes ROT A and ROT B, the different elements of the head aimed being mechanically united.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of setting up a harmonization device according to art which applies to a system in which the DET detector of the observation path is sensitive in the infrared. We assume that the laser emission emits in the visible or in the near infrared and that it cannot not be detected by the DET detector.
  • the device of the prior art has a housing 10 in which there is a polyimide film 12 and means of advancement of this film not shown.
  • An optical assembly 11 allows the focusing of the incident laser beam FL on the film which absorbs the incident and heating flux and collimation of the thermal flux emitted by the film to form a beam FC parallel to the incident beam FL.
  • the show thermal is done in the infrared and can therefore be viewed by the observation path detector, thus enabling faults to be identified harmonization. These faults are then corrected, for example by actuating an MIR mirror for adjusting the infrared imaging channel, or by processing of the acquired images, the reference point in the image being amended.
  • the device of the prior art which requires a complex mechanics for unwinding the film, is bulky and requires almost all the laser power of the emission channel. It is usually attached to the pod structure, so that to perform the harmonization procedure, the VIS optical sighting head is returned, to be in front of the harmonization system, as is shown in Figure 1.
  • the harmonization procedure therefore requires a interruption of image taking; it can only be done along a line of target which, moreover, is not operational.
  • FIG. 2 An embodiment of the device according to the invention and its implementation is shown schematically in Figure 2.
  • the designation system of target chosen to illustrate the harmonization device is the same as that of FIG. 1.
  • the laser beam of the emission channel is substantially collimated and the optical axes of the two channels are superimposed using the MEL mixer, for example a dichroic cube.
  • the device according to the invention comprises conversion means MC comprising a photoluminescent material which, excited to length wave of an excitation beam whose direction of propagation and divergence are related to those of the emission laser beam, emits a radiation whose wavelength is within the spectral band of observation path sensor.
  • Photoluminescence results from the interaction between a material and an external light source.
  • the photoluminescent material the atoms, after absorption of a photon, are excited to a higher energy level and spontaneously relax towards a lower energy level, emitting a photon during the process.
  • the wavelength of the emitted photon is greater than that of the absorbed photon.
  • the excitation beam FE is simply a fraction of the laser beam (FL) of the emission path formed by the residual flux of the emission laser beam not reflected by the MEL cube. This fraction is very small (a few percent, for example) because most of the laser flux is reflected back to the target but it is sufficient because the physical mechanism involved is very effective.
  • the MC conversion means are for example centered on an axis parallel to that of the emission laser beam FL incident in the cube MEL and positioned so that all of the laser flux is collected emission transmitted by the cube MEL and forming the excitation beam FE.
  • the conversion means also include a set optics for focusing the excitation beam in the material photoluminescent and collect at least part of the radiation emitted to form a back-propagating FC beam, i.e. propagating in the same direction as the excitation beam but in opposite direction and having the same divergence.
  • the optical assembly can be constituted for example a concave mirror 21, achromatic in the spectral band of the sensor of the observation path, the photoluminescent material, noted 22, being positioned so that the excitation beam is focused at inside the material. At the point of focus, the material emits so isotropic a light wave in the spectral band of the sensor. A part of this flux is collected by the mirror and reflected forming the FC beam.
  • the FC beam backpropagative has the same optical direction characteristics and of divergence as the incident excitation beam and therefore that the beam emission laser, which is the property sought in the context of a harmonization system.
  • the emission laser beam is significantly collimated and the excitation beam is a beam parallel to the emission laser beam; the beam resulting from the conversion is therefore collimated, parallel to the excitation beam, propagating in opposite directions.
  • the means of conversion then behave like a cube corner which, associated with cube MEL makes it possible to return to the DET sensor of the observation channel part of the FC beam resulting from the conversion.
  • the device according to the invention also works when the separation of the observation paths passive and laser emission is not done in collimated beams but in converging beams.
  • the excitation beam comes from a remote point over. You just need to have the right conjugation optic between the point from which the excitation beam comes and the material photoluminescent so that the beam (FC) resulting from the conversion is retropropagative of the excitation beam.
  • the optical assembly of the means of conversion may also contain dioptric elements (lens of focusing for example, associated or not with a collection mirror of the flow). In all cases, a simple optical assembly is sufficient; in particular it there is no need to set up fine and bulky mechanics.
  • the part of the FC beam resulting from the reflected conversion to the DET sensor is weak because the MEL mixing cube is designed to leave pass the radiation emitted by the scene and detected by the observation path. But the photoluminescence mechanisms are efficient enough so that the part of the FC beam focused on the sensor can be detected.
  • the means MC are integrated into the VIS optical sighting head, that is to say integral with the elements component as shown in Figure 2. So for each position of the aiming head defined by the rotations ROT A and ROT B, a harmonization procedure is possible. It allows to check if the stain resulting from photoluminescence on the DET detector of the passive channel, characteristic of the optical axis of the laser emission channel, is well centered on the detected image. It should be noted that this stain can be very fine because, unlike thermal mechanisms, there are no diffusion effects in photoluminescence mechanisms. Also, the stain resulting from the photoluminescence has roughly the same diameter as the spot of focusing of the excitation beam in the material.
  • the MC conversion means can be fixed, not integral with the aiming head, centered in the same way as above on the incident laser beam in the mixer.
  • the device according to the invention can also be used in a optronic system, for example a guiding designation system 'pod' type laser, in which the optical axes of the emission and the passive path are distinct.
  • a optronic system for example a guiding designation system 'pod' type laser, in which the optical axes of the emission and the passive path are distinct.
  • FIG. 3 An example of such a system is shown schematically in FIG. 3.
  • each channel comprises an afocal device, noted respectively 31 for the laser pathway and 32 for the imaging pathway.
  • the VIS optical sighting head comprising the elements of the laser channels and imaging, is mobile for example according to the rotations ROT A and ROT B as previously described. Part of the laser beam of the track emission is taken from the laser channel using a dichroic blade 33 forming the FE excitation beam then sent to the means of MC conversion.
  • the FC beam resulting from the conversion and backpropagative of the beam FE is partially reflected by the blade 33 then sent, to by means of a set of blades 34.35 to the DET sensor of the passive channel observation.
  • the conversion means are for example fixed on the pod; in this case the harmonization is done according to a single line of sight.
  • the conversion means can be mobile so that you can follow the movements of the aiming head, according to rotations independent of the line of sight movements.
  • a photoluminescent material in the case of the harmonization of a channel laser emitting pulses of a few tens of nanoseconds at 1.06 ⁇ m and a sensitive passive observation channel in band II (about 3-5 ⁇ m), can be used solid material doped with photoluminescent ions, for example a rare earth like Erbium. Erbium ions indeed have a emission around 2.8 ⁇ m (detectable by the band II sensor) when they are excited at wavelength 1.06 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 4 thus represents a setting possible.
  • the collimated FE excitation beam crosses the photoluminescent material 22 which appears as a thick plate of the order of a millimeter then is focused by the mirror 21 in the material 22 according to a focusing spot whose diameter is of the order of ten microns, creating a high power density.
  • the plate isotropically emits a light wave whose wavelength is close to 2.8 ⁇ m.
  • Part of the flow is collected by the mirror and collimated, thus forming the parallel FC beam which will be detected by the DET sensor of the imaging channel. Note that the flow not collected by the mirror is not annoying because it is very defocused on the channel sensor imaging and is therefore not detected.
  • the configuration previously described has many advantages; in particular, the adjustment precision in position of the photoluminescent material relative to the mirror is easy to obtain because it is enough that the focus point is inside the slide.
  • the device according to the invention is thus insensitive to the effects because a change in temperature leads to a displacement longitudinal of the focal point which has no disturbing effect because the point of focus remains inside the material.
  • the powers of the lasers of the emission channels in this type of target designation system are of the order of 100 MW for pulse widths of 20 ns.
  • the photoluminescence lifespan of Erbium ions is important (greater than 1 msec), and therefore much greater than the duration of the laser pulse itself, which makes it a good wavelength transformer. but also a good pulse duration transformer.
  • the embodiment described here can be extended to other ions (Holmium, etc.) and to other laser wavelengths to adapt the conversion means to the conversion need. Since the photoluminescence intensities are large, it is also possible to cascade the types of photoluminescent material to obtain the desired emission band if a single photoluminescent material does not meet all the criteria (see the example given below).
  • a variant of the example of implementation of the conversion means described above consists in using a non-linear material with frequency conversion and a photoluminescent substance, the interaction between the excitation beam (FE) and the non-material linear generating a wave of wavelength less than that of the excitation beam, this wave being able to generate the photoluminescent emission of the luminescent substance.
  • a nonlinear material doped with photoluminescent ions A typical example is given by a Lithium Niobate (LiNbO 3 ) crystal doped with Erbium ions. Indeed, we know that this rare earth has a photoluminescence emission around 2.8 ⁇ m. On the other hand, the absorption coefficient is lower at 1.06 ⁇ m than at 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • LiNbO 3 having a second order optical non-linearity it is possible to generate the second harmonic of 1.06 ⁇ m, or 0.532 ⁇ m.
  • the crystal can be oriented relative to the incident FE excitation beam so as to check the phase tuning condition.
  • a variant consists in using two separate materials, one to perform the frequency conversion, the other to generate the photoluminescence in the desired band, we can then optimize the two interactions separately.
  • FIG. 5 shows the photoluminescence emission (in arbitrary AU units) as a function of The wavelength.
  • Curve 51 thus represents an emission spectrum of the photoluminescence of InAs when it is excited by a pulse laser Nd: YAG (pulse width of about 10 ns).
  • the semiconductor can be used in massive form or in thin layer.
  • it can be implemented as a patch 61 in the center of a transparent window 62 for the near infrared and infrared. Indeed, this material being strongly absorbent at 1.06 ⁇ m, it it is preferable that the excitation beam does not pass through it before being focused for example by the mirror 21.
  • the photoluminescent materials can also cascade the types of photoluminescent materials to obtain the desired emission band if only one material photoluminescent does not meet all the criteria.
  • a first substance can be an Erbium doped material as described above, which, excited with a 1.06 ⁇ m pulse laser, emits around 2.8 ⁇ m with a life time close to a millisecond
  • a semiconductor material can be used, in a thin layer or in solid, absorbing at wavelength 2.8 ⁇ m and whose composition is adjusted to transmit exactly in the desired band.
  • the first one substance serves as a pulse duration transformer and the second serves as wavelength transformer.
  • FIG. 7 A variant of the device according to the invention is partially described in FIG. 7. This involves using a source 70 annexed to the LAS laser of the emission channel, emitting an FA beam (in solid line in FIG. 7), aligned by means of an alignment device 71 with the laser beam FL (in mixed dotted line in Figure 7). It is the beam FA which then forms the FE excitation beam incident on the conversion means according to means identical to those described above.
  • the annex source is independent of the emission laser, it can operate according to characteristics more favorable to the optimization of photoluminescence. For example, it can operate in long pulses or continuously, the emission wavelength of the auxiliary source being close to that of emission laser so as not to have too severe constraints on the alignment of the two sources.
  • an additional source consisting of a semiconductor laser or a solid mini-laser pumped by diodes, emitting around 1 ⁇ m, can constitute the excitation beam of a photoluminescent material consisting for example of a semiconductor of InAs type as described above.
  • the constraint on the emission wavelength of the auxiliary source is that it is shorter than that corresponding to the band gap of the semiconductor material used, when such material is used.
  • the alignment device comprises a cube separator 72, the separating surface of which is placed at 45 ° to the laser beam emission and beam from the auxiliary source, a deviation detector angular 73 receiving the two beams, which allows at any time to check for any angle difference between the two.
  • the alignment device can also include a diverter assembly 74 produced for example at using a motorized diasporameter assembly capable of realigning the two bundles in all conditions of use.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
EP99402413A 1998-10-06 1999-10-01 Vorrichtung zur Justierung eines Lasersendungskanals mit einem passiven Beobachtungskanal Expired - Lifetime EP0992759B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9812498A FR2784185B1 (fr) 1998-10-06 1998-10-06 Dispositif pour l'harmonisation entre une voie d'emission laser et une voie passive d'observation
FR9812498 1998-10-06

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EP0992759A1 true EP0992759A1 (de) 2000-04-12
EP0992759B1 EP0992759B1 (de) 2004-03-24

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US (1) US6307623B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0992759B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69915758T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2784185B1 (de)
IL (1) IL132215A (de)

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EP1113240A2 (de) * 1999-12-30 2001-07-04 State Of Israel Ministry Of Defense Rafael - Armament Development Authority Tastjustierung
EP1202021A1 (de) * 2000-10-27 2002-05-02 Thales Vorrichtung zur Justierung eines Lasersendungskanals mit einem passiven Beobachtungskanal
EP2283548B1 (de) * 2008-05-20 2013-05-01 Thales Aktive bildgebungsvorrichtung mit einer 1.5-mikrometer-bildgebungsquelle

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FR2784185A1 (fr) 2000-04-07
IL132215A (en) 2003-01-12
FR2784185B1 (fr) 2001-02-02
DE69915758D1 (de) 2004-04-29
DE69915758T2 (de) 2005-02-24
EP0992759B1 (de) 2004-03-24
US6307623B1 (en) 2001-10-23
IL132215A0 (en) 2001-03-19

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