EP1202021A1 - Vorrichtung zur Justierung eines Lasersendungskanals mit einem passiven Beobachtungskanal - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur Justierung eines Lasersendungskanals mit einem passiven Beobachtungskanal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1202021A1
EP1202021A1 EP01402722A EP01402722A EP1202021A1 EP 1202021 A1 EP1202021 A1 EP 1202021A1 EP 01402722 A EP01402722 A EP 01402722A EP 01402722 A EP01402722 A EP 01402722A EP 1202021 A1 EP1202021 A1 EP 1202021A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
detector
harmonization
laser
scene
det
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Granted
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EP01402722A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1202021B1 (de
Inventor
Christian c/o Thales Intellectual Propert Pepin
Francois-Xavier c/o Thales Intel. Prop. Doittau
Jean-Claude c/o Thales Intell Prop Fontanella
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/32—Devices for testing or checking
    • F41G3/326—Devices for testing or checking for checking the angle between the axis of the gun sighting device and an auxiliary measuring device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/14—Indirect aiming means
    • F41G3/145—Indirect aiming means using a target illuminator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the harmonization between a laser emission channel and a passive observation channel. harmonization consists in making the optical axes of these channels parallel so that they have a common line of sight.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to target designation systems comprising a laser rangefinder or illumination and a passive observation path with an imaging detector allowing to visualize and pursue the target. It also applies to active / passive imaging systems with a laser emission pathway scanning and a passive imaging channel. More generally, it applies to any system for which it is necessary to harmonize the emission channel laser and the passive observation path.
  • the target designation by laser is advantageously carried out thanks to a 'pod' (this term meaning nacelle in Anglo-Saxon language) arranged in external carriage of the aircraft.
  • a 'pod' this term meaning nacelle in Anglo-Saxon language
  • he can include an observation path including a visible imaging detector and / or an imaging detector with infrared detection, in band II or III, to locate the target, as well as a laser path, including the optical axis can be separated or confused with that of the observation channel, emitting for example in the near infrared and 'locked' on the channel observation.
  • This locking supposes the perfect 'alignment' between the two channels, i.e. the perfect parallelism of their optical axes (combined or not), then defining the same line of sight. This harmonization must be able to be checked during the mission.
  • the harmonization between the illumination laser and the line of sight of the imaging detector can be performed in different ways and in particular, when the detector has a spectral band compatible with the length waveform of the laser, by reinjecting part of the energy emitted by the laser in the entrance pupil of the imaging detector.
  • the position of the spot image laser thus obtained with respect to the center of the field of the imaging detector will indicate the harmonization error.
  • the means used to perform the reinjection returns the light in the incident direction, for example using a cube corner mirror.
  • Figure 1 illustrates by a simplified diagram an example of harmonization device according to the prior art.
  • the axis observation path optic ⁇ i (in solid lines in FIG. 1) includes in this example a AFocal AFO device, an OBJ focusing objective enabling training the image of a scene on a DET imaging detector, for example a Silicon detector operating in the visible and near infrared.
  • the way ⁇ l axis laser (short and long alternating dashed line) includes a LAS laser illumination emitting in the near infrared.
  • a MEL mixer of which transmission and reflection are adapted to the wavelength of the laser while transmitting the maximum of the flux emitted by the scene, allows overlap the two tracks.
  • the harmonization system includes in this example a CCB cube corner and a set of mirrors 11, 12 placed on the track laser, upstream of the MEL mixer, one of the two mirrors being movable in rotation (mirror 11).
  • the mirror 11 is oriented so as to send the laser pulse to the CCB cube corner is thus reinjected into the imaging path ⁇ i (optical path indicated in dashed line in Figure 1).
  • a flap (not shown), used to cut the stream from the scene is closed during the harmonization phase and the image of the laser pulse on the imaging detector can be viewed in order to determine the harmonization faults corresponding to the deviations angles between the axis of the detector's line of sight and the position of the laser image.
  • this harmonization device presents a certain number of drawbacks which lead to modest performance.
  • the imperfections of the cube corner related to the defects of realization lead to harmonization errors.
  • the cube corner is placed in front of the pupil common to the laser paths and of observation, as it is the case on figure 1, this one cannot cover that part of this pupil (for reasons of space), entraining an image of the laser pulse on the relatively dimensional detector important and limited harmonization precision.
  • the distribution of laser energy is not uniform throughout the pupil, not covering the whole pupil can lead to harmonization errors.
  • the effect of aberrations degrades the image and can induce a position error of its barycenter.
  • the present invention provides a very harmonizing device precise not having the drawbacks of the prior art. It consists of visualize using the same imaging detector used to image the scene, the image of the laser pulse retroreflected by the scene itself and no longer by a cube corner. To do this, the invention uses a detector which can operate in two modes, one imaging mode classical and a harmonization mode in which the flow from the retroreflected laser pulse can be detected in the continuous diffused flux by the stage.
  • the device according to the invention allows harmonization in real situations, since the laser spot imaged on the detector is the same as that which will have to follow, for example, a laser-guided weapon. It also allows to dispense with the use of a mixer whose specifications are binding, between the laser path and the observation path.
  • FIG. 2 represents, to illustrate the invention, the overall architecture of an optronic imaging and target tracking equipment in Air / Ground configuration, equipped with a harmonization device according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the different sub-assemblies shown in the figure are mounted in a rigid supporting structure (equipped optical bench not shown) which is itself installed inside an envelope carried by an aircraft.
  • the equipment comprises an emission channel (of optical axis ⁇ l) of a laser pulse emitted by a LAS laser transmitter whose wavelength is compatible with the target illumination function to be achieved, with its optical collimation COL making it possible to obtain a beam of low divergence in the direction ⁇ l.
  • the laser emission channel is distinct from the imaging channel, which makes it possible to limit the laser flow backscattered in the imaging channel.
  • FIG. 2 it is an optic of the 'Cassegrain' type, produced by means of two mirrors M1, M2.
  • a dichroic mirror M3 separates the observation channel into an infrared channel, of axis ⁇ i IR and a visible / near infrared channel of axis ⁇ i VIS .
  • These two channels are respectively equipped with a DET IR imaging detector sensitive in the infrared and a DET VIS imaging detector sensitive in the visible and near infrared, on which the focusing optics OPT forms the image of the scene in each of the spectral bands.
  • the opto-mechanical assembly is mounted and adjusted at the factory so that the axes ⁇ l and ⁇ i are parallel.
  • this parallelism generally does not remain valid with sufficient precision in operational use, taking into account the environmental constraints supported by the equipment, which induce axis displacements, especially at the laser level. It is therefore necessary to harmonize in flight.
  • the device for the harmonization between the laser channel of axis ⁇ l and the observation channel of axis ⁇ i comprises a fast laser pulse detector DET IMP , making it possible to determine the instant of arrival of the laser pulse retroreflected by the scene on the detector (s) of the observation channel and delivering a signal S.
  • the rapid detector DET IMP is positioned in a focal plane of l multispectral optics thanks to an M 4 mirror taking part of the flux on the visible-near infrared channel. It further comprises a harmonization detector forming one of the imaging detectors (in the example of FIG.
  • the harmonization detector controlled by the control means MCD, can operate in two modes, a conventional imaging mode and a harmonization mode in which the flux coming from the laser pulse reflected by the scene can be detected. in the continuous stream broadcast by the stage, thus making it possible to detect harmonization faults.
  • the harmonization detector notably includes a set of photosensitive zones in the spectral band of the laser resignation.
  • the MCD means control the harmonization detector in imaging mode or in harmonization mode. They receive the signal S delivered by the rapid detector, and allow, in harmonization mode, the operation of the harmonization detector in two phases. In first waiting phase, the electrical charges from the conversion photons received by the photosensitive zones are integrated so quasi-continuous with a sufficiently short integration time to allow detection of the flux coming from a retroreflected laser pulse by the stage in the continuous stream broadcast by the stage.
  • a second reading phase triggered by the signal S received from the rapid detector at when a retroreflected laser pulse is detected by the scene, the integrated charges at the time of detection of said pulse are set in sequence in order to detect in the image thus obtained the position of the corresponding laser spot. Examples of detectors applicable to the harmonization device according to the invention will be described in more detail in the following.
  • optical filtering means FLT IMP and FLT HAR are positioned respectively in front of the pulse detector DET IMP and, during the harmonization phase, in front of the harmonization detector (DET VIS in the example of FIG. 2), in order to improve the detectivity of these detectors at the wavelength of the laser.
  • the FLT IMP filtering means are fixed, while the FLT HAR filter means are advantageously removable so that they can be removed in conventional imaging mode, outside of the periods of operation in harmonization mode.
  • the harmonization device furthermore comprises MCL calculation means making it possible to calculate, from the position of the laser spot in the image, the harmonization defects between the axis ⁇ i of the path of observation and that ⁇ l of the laser emission channel, these defects corresponding to the angular differences ⁇ x, ⁇ y between the center of the image and the position of the laser spot, image of the laser pulse retroreflected by the scene through the OPT focusing optics.
  • FIG. 3A thus illustrates by an example the position of the laser spot IML in the image, and the differences ⁇ x, ⁇ y between the laser spot IML and the center of the image IMC corresponding to the axis ⁇ i of the line of sight. of the harmonization detector.
  • the center of the IMC image corresponds to the tracking center and the correction of the harmonization error then consists for example in electronically moving the automatic tracking center from the opposite value of the measured deviation.
  • the filtering means FLT HAR are removed and the point of the target on which the imaging detector is hung is then confused, like this appears in Figure 3B, with the point of impact IML of the laser pulse.
  • the harmonization device thus allows a very precise harmonization between the axis of the line of sight of the laser and the reference center of the imaging detector of the observation channel because it directly uses the image of the laser spot formed on the observed scene, this which provides the best possible resolution. It provides a very precise harmonization between the illumination laser and the position of the point automatically continued on the stage, which allows a very large ammunition impact accuracy in the event of laser-guided weapon firing, or very high location accuracy for equipment observation or surveillance.
  • the use of multispectral optics common to the two near infrared and infrared channels allows the equipment to have this very precise harmonization capacity both in operation by day than by night.
  • the harmonization device can operate during the day, even with very strong illumination, thanks to the use of the specific harmonization detector, and it can also operate at night.
  • the harmonization detector near infrared imaging detector in the example in FIG. 2 is used during the harmonization phase to locate the laser spot on the scene, as described above, while the infrared detector for example pursues the target continuously, without being disturbed by the harmonization phase.
  • the correction is automatically applied to the position of the tracking center of the infrared detector DET IR , allowing harmonization to be carried out continuously, with each shot.
  • the tracking in infrared in order not to disturb the tracking of the target, it is also possible to carry out the tracking in infrared, with perhaps a slightly lower resolution, while the near infrared detector is used to effect the harmonization. .
  • harmonization detectors which, associated with the pulse detector, allow the device of the invention to operate.
  • a first privileged example consists in using as a detector harmonization of an integration and transfer type imaging detector CCD (initials of "Charge Coupled Device” in English terminology), located precisely in the focal plane of the focusing objective of the observation path, and comprising a set of photosensitive zones in silicon (or “pixels” according to Anglo-Saxon terminology), organized in a generally square matrix, typically 100x100 pixels.
  • CCD integration and transfer type imaging detector
  • pixels or "pixels” according to Anglo-Saxon terminology
  • Use of a photosensitive material in the visible and near infrared spectrum for example example Silicon, particularly suitable for the detection of a laser emitting in the near infrared, like the Nd: YAG laser, at 1.06 ⁇ m.
  • the CCD detector is controlled by the means of MCD command so as to operate in a mode of classic CCD operation when the harmonization detector is in imaging mode and in a so-called “treadmill” mode when the detector is in harmonization mode.
  • mode CCD detector acquires the scene (conversion of photons received as charges then integration into potential wells of charges released in proportion to the illumination received for a time integration, typically around 20 msec), then the charges are transferred in column and sampled by multiplexing line to line in order to form sequential signals which form the signal of visualization (image reading phase), during the acquisition of the following image.
  • a sensitivity calculation shows that, in the absence of noise due at the back of the stage, the system detects laser pulses with good performance.
  • FIG. 4 shows a diagram of an operating mode of a CCD detector in treadmill mode.
  • this is a so-called frame transfer detection matrix, conventionally comprising an image area 40 and a memory area 41.
  • the image area consists of 4x4 photosensitive areas (or pixels ) Pi and the memory area forms a CCD multiplexing circuit, composed of elementary memories Mi, produced in integrated CMOS circuitry.
  • the detector also comprises an output register R and an amplification stage A. It is controlled by the control means MCD of the device according to the invention, connected to the rapid pulse detector DET IMP .
  • the operation in conveyor belt mode applied to a CCD frame transfer matrix is divided into two phases: a detection waiting phase and a reading phase after detection.
  • the signal S delivered by the rapid detector DET IMP is zero, reflecting the absence of a pulse.
  • the CCD is in permanent transfer at high speed, which results in a very reduced integration time (typically 250 ⁇ sec) compared to the integration time in imaging mode. Thanks to the high vertical transfer rate, the acquisition of the background signal is therefore reduced to a minimum time, hence the minimum associated noise, allowing very low level pulse detection.
  • the transfer of the high-speed lines is then continued until the image area is brought into the memory area, then the memory area is read at a normal rate, the reading phase comprising the transfer of the charges to the multiplexing circuit integrated into the detector and to the output register R to form, after amplification by the amplification stage At an image, corresponding to a display signal SV to the desired video standard.
  • the MCL calculation means of the device according to the invention which can be produced by a processor common to the control means MCD, then allow to calculate, from the position of the pixel (s) illuminated in the image by the laser pulse, harmonization faults corresponding to the angular deviations between the axis of the line of sight of the harmonization detector and the axis of the laser emission channel.
  • a CCD detector in treadmill mode can for example replace the frame transfer detector, as illustrated in FIG. 4, a so-called full image detector (“full frame array” in English terminology) where the pixels occupy almost the entire surface of the matrix and in which the transfer is said per line, the charges of the same line being simultaneously transferred line to line.
  • the operation in treadmill mode includes a first waiting phase during which the transfer takes place at high speed, then a reading phase after a pulse has been detected by the rapid detector DET IMP .
  • a detector can be adapted to the device according to the invention. It is a matrix of photo-detectors, each photo-detector being connected to a reading circuit of the control means MCD of the matrix by an input circuit which provides for the photo-detector which is coupled, the functions of polarization and integration of the photoelectric signal, the reading circuit allowing the multiplexing of the signals issued for the formation of a video signal.
  • the matrix of photo-detectors is adapted to form the harmonization detector of the device according to the invention which can operate according to a conventional imaging mode and according to a harmonization mode.
  • the operation of the photo-detector matrix comprises, as previously, two phases, a detection standby phase, during which the photoelectric signal generated by each photo-detector is continuously integrated, and a phase of reading of the image, after detection by the rapid detector DET IMP of the laser pulse retroreflected by the scene.
  • the waiting phase includes for each photodetector a succession of very short integration cycles (of the order of a microsecond). During each integration cycle, the photodetector integrates only an infinitesimal quantity of charges which is transferred to a buffer memory and kept until the end of the next cycle is approached then rejected without prior reading if no signal from the fast detector is not detected.
  • the control means MCD When a laser pulse is detected by the fast detector, the control means MCD trigger in each photodetector the summation of the signal being integrated with the content of the associated memory cell, thus making it possible to avoid any loss of information.
  • Each memory cell then contains a negligible signal from the background, with the exception of that associated with the photodetector having received the laser pulse and for which the background signal is dominated by the detected signal originating from the pulse.
  • the control means MCD then trigger the second phase corresponding to the reading, at normal rate (typically a few milliseconds) of the contents of the memories, delivering an image from which one can know the position of the laser spot on the harmonization detector. formed of the matrix of photo-detectors.
  • the MCL calculation means then allow the evaluation of harmonization faults.
  • control means MCD In imaging mode, the control means MCD generate a much longer integration time for each photodetector (from the order of the millisecond for example), then trigger the reading phase, thus obtaining a normal image of the scene.
  • the detector array is more complex, and more expensive, than implement that the "conveyor belt" detector the fact that each photo-detector has its own charge integration circuit (circuit input).
  • the choice of photo-detectors preferably of the type photovoltaic, allows to adapt to other wavelengths of the laser resignation. So, for the usual wavelength of 1.06 ⁇ m or 1.56 ⁇ m for the telemetry application for example, detectors produced on InGaAs, InSb or HgCdTe will be privileged and may, depending on their nature and depending on the desired performance, operate strongly, little or not cooled.
  • quantum multi-well HgCdTe or AsGa type detectors strongly cooled, will be preferred.
  • material chosen for the detector is compatible with imaging in the infrared band, it is not necessary to add a second infrared imaging detector, such as this is the case in the example of figure 2, unless we want a total simultaneity between the harmonization and imagery modes.
  • the use of a matrix of photo-detectors as a harmonization detector allows also, in harmonization mode, to limit the photo-detectors used to those located near the center of the detector field (windowing of the matrix centered on the line of sight of the observation path).
  • harmonization detectors described above are preferred examples for the implementation of the harmonization device according to the invention, this is not limited to these examples.
  • Other detectors imagery are possible if, in addition to their imaging function, they can, in a particular operating mode, and associated with a rapid pulse detector, detecting a laser pulse in a flux of continuous background, in order to harmonize the emission laser path and the observation path in real conditions, i.e. thanks to the impulse laser retroreflected by the scene itself.
  • the detection surface of the rapid detector DET IMP can be reduced relative to the total field of the image, by centering it on the axis of the line of sight of the channel d 'observation.
  • the probability of detection of the retroreflected pulse by the scene during the harmonization procedure is maximum in the central part of the field.
  • By reducing the sensitive area of the detector its detectivity is increased, which further improves the performance of the harmonization device.
  • this same detector if necessary, as a telemetry detector.
  • the harmonization device further comprises electronic means for high-pass filtering of the signal delivered by the DET IMP pulse detector, making it possible to cut the signal corresponding to the light flux generated by the backscattering on the atmosphere of the laser pulse emitted.
  • electronic means for high-pass filtering of the signal delivered by the DET IMP pulse detector making it possible to cut the signal corresponding to the light flux generated by the backscattering on the atmosphere of the laser pulse emitted.
  • a laser pulse is emitted towards the scene then the retroreflected flux by the scene is detected as described above, in order to calculate the possible harmonization errors.
  • the function of the pulse detector is to detect the instant of arrival of the retroreflected pulse on the harmonization detector in order to trigger the reading phase of the image on which the laser impact appears.
  • FIG. 5 thus represents, according to an example, the shape of the signal delivered by the fast detector as a function of time. The origin of the times corresponds to the instant of emission of the laser pulse.
  • the signal S 1 corresponding to the flow backscattered by the atmosphere extends for a predetermined time T 1 , the duration of which is correlated with the distance over which the laser pulse can be backscattered to the equipment.
  • This time which can be a few tens of microseconds, is clearly greater than the time T 2 of the signal S 2 corresponding to the duration of the pulse reflected by the scene.
  • the electronic filtering means of the device according to the invention thus make it possible to cut off the low frequency spurious signal S 1 and to keep only the useful signal S 2 corresponding to the pulse reflected by the scene.
  • Another means of overcoming it consists in providing at the output of the fast detector DET IMP electronic means for inhibiting the signal delivered by the pulse detector for a predetermined time after the emission of a laser pulse, and corresponding to the luminous flux generated by the backscattering on the atmosphere of the emitted laser pulse.
  • This inhibition time during which the signal delivered will not be taken into account by the control means MCD, may be a few tens of microseconds for example.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
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EP01402722A 2000-10-27 2001-10-19 Vorrichtung zur Justierung eines Lasersendungskanals mit einem passiven Beobachtungskanal Expired - Lifetime EP1202021B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0013849A FR2816118B1 (fr) 2000-10-27 2000-10-27 Dispositif pour l'harmonisation entre une voie d'emission laser et une voie passive d'observation
FR0013849 2000-10-27

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EP1202021A1 true EP1202021A1 (de) 2002-05-02
EP1202021B1 EP1202021B1 (de) 2005-01-26

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EP (1) EP1202021B1 (de)
DE (1) DE60108587T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2234789T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2816118B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116519136A (zh) * 2023-07-03 2023-08-01 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 一种月球直射光谱辐照度仪同光轴装调系统及方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013104308B4 (de) * 2013-04-29 2017-12-14 Jenoptik Advanced Systems Gmbh Justierverfahren und Justiervorrichtung zur parallelen Ausrichtung der Simulatorlinie eines Schusssimulators zur Visierlinie einer Schusswaffe
GB2590956B (en) * 2020-01-09 2022-06-29 Thales Holdings Uk Plc Guidance head and method

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5054917A (en) * 1989-09-19 1991-10-08 Thomson-Csf Automatic boresighting device for an optronic system
GB2247085A (en) * 1985-12-13 1992-02-19 Trt Telecom Radio Electr Process of harmonization between the axis of an aiming telescope and that of a heat camera.
EP0770884A1 (de) * 1995-10-27 1997-05-02 Thomson-Csf Verfahren zur Erkennung mittels Laserbezeichnung und entsprechende Vorrichtung zur Winkelabweichungsmessung mit einem Matrixdetektor
EP0992759A1 (de) * 1998-10-06 2000-04-12 Thomson-Csf Vorrichtung zur Justierung eines Lasersendungskanals mit einem passiven Beobachtungskanal

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2247085A (en) * 1985-12-13 1992-02-19 Trt Telecom Radio Electr Process of harmonization between the axis of an aiming telescope and that of a heat camera.
US5054917A (en) * 1989-09-19 1991-10-08 Thomson-Csf Automatic boresighting device for an optronic system
EP0770884A1 (de) * 1995-10-27 1997-05-02 Thomson-Csf Verfahren zur Erkennung mittels Laserbezeichnung und entsprechende Vorrichtung zur Winkelabweichungsmessung mit einem Matrixdetektor
EP0992759A1 (de) * 1998-10-06 2000-04-12 Thomson-Csf Vorrichtung zur Justierung eines Lasersendungskanals mit einem passiven Beobachtungskanal

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116519136A (zh) * 2023-07-03 2023-08-01 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 一种月球直射光谱辐照度仪同光轴装调系统及方法
CN116519136B (zh) * 2023-07-03 2023-09-08 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 一种月球直射光谱辐照度仪同光轴装调系统及方法

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DE60108587D1 (de) 2005-03-03
FR2816118A1 (fr) 2002-05-03
FR2816118B1 (fr) 2003-01-31
ES2234789T3 (es) 2005-07-01
DE60108587T2 (de) 2006-03-30
EP1202021B1 (de) 2005-01-26

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