EP0991858B1 - Decelerator device mounted in the exhaust gas circuit of a vehicle equipped with a combustion engine - Google Patents

Decelerator device mounted in the exhaust gas circuit of a vehicle equipped with a combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0991858B1
EP0991858B1 EP99915822A EP99915822A EP0991858B1 EP 0991858 B1 EP0991858 B1 EP 0991858B1 EP 99915822 A EP99915822 A EP 99915822A EP 99915822 A EP99915822 A EP 99915822A EP 0991858 B1 EP0991858 B1 EP 0991858B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shutter
valve
shaft
calibrated
exhaust gas
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP99915822A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0991858A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre-André WAGNER
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Fowa le Frein Moteur SA
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Fowa le Frein Moteur SA
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Publication of EP0991858A1 publication Critical patent/EP0991858A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/08—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits
    • F02D9/10—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits having pivotally-mounted flaps
    • F02D9/1035—Details of the valve housing
    • F02D9/106—Sealing of the valve shaft in the housing, e.g. details of the bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/04—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/06—Exhaust brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/08—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits
    • F02D9/10—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits having pivotally-mounted flaps

Abstract

A decelerator device obtains constant and maximal decelerating power includes by controlling the gas pressure upstream of the valve by balancing the efforts at the pressure-relief valve. The decelerator device (1) includes a balancing device (20) incorporated in the gate (2) body (4) and has a leakage conduit (21) controlled by a calibrated check valve (22). When the valve (7) is closed and, based on a counter-pressure threshold predetermined by the calibration of the compression spring (27) provided at the check valve (22) rear, the latter is lifted from its seat (25) and communicates the channel (5) upstream of the valve (7) with the leakage duct (21) generating an exhaust gas leakage. Beyond the threshold, the calibrated check valve (22) remains open, thereby ensuring constant and maximal counter-pressure whatever the engine speed. The invention is applicable to combustion engine vehicles and in particular industrial vehicles.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif ralentisseur monté dans le circuit d'échappement des gaz d'un véhicule équipé d'un moteur à combustion, comportant au moins une vanne pourvue d'un corps définissant un canal et d'un obturateur mobile disposé transversalement dans ledit canal et couplé à un arbre de commande, et des moyens de commande de cet obturateur comportant un dispositif d'équilibrage de la contre-pression exercée par l'obturateur sur les gaz, ce dispositif d'équilibrage étant agencé pour entrer en action quand l'obturateur est en position fermée et à partir d'un seuil de contre-pression prédéterminé et pour ouvrir un conduit de fuite dès que la contre-pression atteint ledit seuil et pour le garder ouvert au-delà dudit seuil, quel que soit le régime du moteur, de manière à créer un débit de fuite approprié des gaz d'échappement, le dispositif d'équilibrage comportant un clapet taré disposé dans ledit conduit de fuite et un ressort de compression disposé à l'arrière dudit clapet taré, ce ressort étant taré à ladite valeur de seuil.The present invention relates to a retarder device mounted in the circuit exhaust gas from a vehicle equipped with a combustion engine, comprising at less a valve provided with a body defining a channel and a movable shutter arranged transversely in said channel and coupled to a control shaft, and control means of this shutter comprising a device for balancing the back pressure exerted by the shutter on the gases, this balancing device being arranged to take action when the shutter is in the closed position and from a predetermined back pressure threshold and to open a leak pipe as soon as the back pressure reaches said threshold and to keep it open beyond said threshold, whatever either the engine speed, so as to create an appropriate gas leakage rate exhaust, the balancing device comprising a calibrated valve disposed in said leakage duct and a compression spring disposed at the rear of said calibrated valve, this spring being tared at said threshold value.

Ce type de ralentisseur est bien connu notamment dans le domaine des véhicules industriels équipés d'un moteur à combustion. Compte tenu de leur importante inertie, ces véhicules nécessitent, en complément de leur système de freinage propre, un dispositif ralentisseur logé dans le circuit d'échappement des gaz, de préférence entre le moteur et le silencieux, et généralement monté à la sortie du turbocompresseur alimenté par le collecteur d'échappement. Il est habituellement commandé par une pédale actionnée par le pied gauche du conducteur pour éviter qu'il ne débraye en même temps. Ce dispositif ralentisseur permet de générer une contre-pression dans le circuit d'échappement. Cette contre-pression est plus ou moins élevée en fonction de la position de l'obturateur et de son degré d'ouverture. Elle a pour effet de ralentir le moteur et donc de compléter le freinage du véhicule. Plus la contre-pression est élevée et plus le ralentissement est efficace. Il faut cependant limiter cette contre-pression à la pression de consigne maximale admissible par le collecteur d'échappement, ceci afin d'éviter la réouverture des soupapes d'admission Cette contre-pression dépend bien entendu de la pression des gaz d'échappement exercée sur l'obturateur qui est une fonction asymptotique du régime du moteur. Par conséquent, à chaque régime du moteur correspond un niveau de contre-pression et donc un niveau de ralentissement. On cherche actuellement à rendre cette fonction constante et au plus égale à la pression de consigne maximale admissible quel que soit le régime du moteur et dès les faibles régimes, dans le but d'optimiser le ralentissement.This type of retarder is well known in particular in the field of vehicles. manufacturers equipped with a combustion engine. Given their high inertia, these vehicles require, in addition to their own braking system, a retarder device housed in the exhaust gas circuit, preferably between engine and muffler, and usually mounted at the outlet of the turbocharger powered by the exhaust manifold. It is usually ordered by a pedal actuated by the driver's left foot to prevent it from disengaging in same time. This retarder device generates a back pressure in the exhaust system. This back pressure is higher or lower depending on the position of the shutter and its degree of opening. It has the effect of slowing the engine and therefore complete the braking of the vehicle. The lower the back pressure the higher the more effective the slowing down. However, this back pressure must be limited at the maximum set pressure allowed by the manifold to avoid reopening the intake valves This back pressure depends of course on the exhaust gas pressure exerted on the shutter which is an asymptotic function of the engine speed. Through therefore, each engine speed corresponds to a level of back pressure and therefore a level of deceleration. We are currently trying to make this function constant and at most equal to the maximum admissible set pressure whatever the engine speed and from low speeds, in order to optimize the slow-down.

Une des techniques proposées est décrite dans la publication EP-A-536 284 dans laquelle un dispositif modulateur d'échappement comporte dans un volet d'obturation deux trous de fuite fermés par des lames ressorts ayant des rigidités différentes. Lorsqu'un premier niveau de contre-pression est atteint, une première lame ressort ouvre un premier trou de fuite et libère une partie des gaz d'échappement. Lorsqu'un deuxième niveau de contre-pression est atteint, la deuxième lame ressort ouvre un deuxième trou de fuite augmentant ainsi le débit des gaz d'échappement. Ce dispositif permet de limiter la contre-pression mais génère des paliers de ralentissement. Il n'est donc pas optimal. Par ailleurs, les lames ressorts sont soumises aux contraintes de température et à l'agression des gaz d'échappement. De ce fait, leur fonctionnement se dégrade dans le temps, affectant ainsi leur performance à l'ouverture et à la fermeture. En effet, avec la chaleur des gaz d'échappement, les lames ressorts vont perdre leur raideur et les trous resteront toujours ouverts, réduisant ainsi la contre-pression et l'efficacité du ralentissement.One of the techniques proposed is described in publication EP-A-536,284 in which an exhaust modulator device includes in a shutter two leakage holes closed by leaf springs having different stiffnesses. When a first level of back pressure is reached, a first blade comes out opens a first leak hole and releases part of the exhaust gases. when second level of back pressure is reached, the second leaf spring opens a second leak hole thereby increasing the exhaust gas flow. These measures limits back pressure but generates deceleration stages. It is not therefore not optimal. Furthermore, the leaf springs are subject to the constraints of temperature and aggression of exhaust gases. Therefore, their operation is degrades over time, thus affecting their opening and closing performance. In fact, with the heat of the exhaust gases, the leaf springs will lose their stiffness and the holes will always remain open, reducing back pressure and the effectiveness of the slowdown.

Une autre technique est décrite dans la publication CH-A-428 318 et prévoit un clapet disposé dans le corps de la vanne papillon à l'opposé de l'arbre de commande de l'obturateur. A cet effet, le corps comporte deux conduits spécifiques formant un circuit by-pass quand le clapet est activé. Cette construction nécessite d'aménager un logement spécifique extérieur au ralentisseur pour recevoir le clapet et d'assurer une étanchéité de ce logement par rapport aux gaz d'échappement. Or le clapet tel qu'il est réalisé ne permet pas de garantir cette étanchéité. De plus, ce logement extérieur crée des problèmes d'encombrement. Un ressort supplémentaire est nécessaire entre le clapet et l'obturateur pour maintenir ce dernier en appui vers le haut contre une butée axiale prévue sur l'arbre de commande et éviter les vibrations dudit obturateur. La configuration de cette butée axiale nécessite de réaliser le corps du ralentisseur en deux parties générant également des problèmes d'étanchéité. De plus aucun dispositif d'étanchéité n'est prévu autour de l'arbre de commande de l'obturateur. Another technique is described in publication CH-A-428 318 and provides for a valve. arranged in the body of the butterfly valve opposite the control shaft the shutter. To this end, the body has two specific conduits forming a bypass circuit when the valve is activated. This construction requires fitting out a specific housing outside the retarder to receive the valve and ensure sealing of this housing relative to the exhaust gases. The valve as it is made does not guarantee this tightness. In addition, this outdoor accommodation creates congestion issues. An additional spring is required between the valve and shutter to keep the latter in upward pressure against a stop axial provided on the control shaft and avoid vibrations of said shutter. The configuration of this axial stop requires making the body of the retarder two parts also generating sealing problems. In addition no device seal is provided around the shutter control shaft.

Le but de la présente invention est d'améliorer les dispositifs ralentisseurs actuels en proposant un dispositif d'équilibrage de la contre-pression simple, compact, d'un coût réduit, permettant d'obtenir des performances de ralentissement constantes et maximales quel que soit le régime du moteur tout en garantissant une fiabilité et une stabilité de fonctionnement dans le temps sans risque de dégradation due à l'agression des gaz d'échappement et à la haute température.The object of the present invention is to improve the current retarder devices by offering a simple, compact, cost-effective back pressure balancing device reduced, providing consistent slowdown performance and whatever the engine speed while guaranteeing reliability and operating stability over time without risk of degradation due to aggression exhaust gases and high temperature.

Ce but est atteint par un dispositif ralentisseur tel que défini en préambule et caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'équilibrage est intégré dans le corps de la vanne et comporte une douille de guidage traversée par l'arbre et pourvue d'un logement axial destiné à recevoir ledit clapet taré et son ressort coaxialement audit arbre et en ce que le conduit de fuite est disposé sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'arbre et débouche dans le canal en aval dudit obturateur de manière à créer en combinaison avec ledit dispositif d'équilibrage un circuit de dérivation d'une partie du flux des gaz d'échappementThis object is achieved by a retarder device as defined in the preamble and characterized in that the balancing device is integrated in the valve body and has a guide bushing traversed by the shaft and provided with an axial housing intended to receive said calibrated valve and its spring coaxially with said shaft and in that the leakage pipe is arranged substantially perpendicular to the shaft and opens out in the channel downstream of said obturator so as to create in combination with said balancing device a branch circuit for part of the gas flow exhaust

Dans une forme de réalisation préférée, la douille de guidage comporte au moins un orifice périphérique communiquant avec la partie en aval du conduit de fuite.In a preferred embodiment, the guide sleeve has at least one peripheral orifice communicating with the part downstream of the leakage pipe.

De préférence, la douille de guidage comporte un siège annulaire agencé pour recevoir en butée ledit clapet taré, ce siège comportant une ouverture mettant en communication ledit clapet taré et le canal en amont de l'obturateur.Preferably, the guide sleeve has an annular seat arranged to receiving said calibrated valve in abutment, this seat comprising an opening communication said calibrated valve and the channel upstream of the shutter.

Le siège annulaire peut être constitué d'un circlips disposé dans une rainure correspondante prévue dans ladite douille de guidage, le diamètre intérieur du circlips étant supérieur à celui de l'arbre et délimitant ladite ouverture.The annular seat can consist of a circlip arranged in a groove corresponding provided in said guide sleeve, the inner diameter of the circlip being greater than that of the tree and delimiting said opening.

L'obturateur comporte, avantageusement, une cavité disposée en regard du clapet taré et communiquant avec le canal en amont de l'obturateur, quand ce dernier est en position fermée.The shutter advantageously comprises a cavity disposed opposite the calibrated valve and communicating with the channel upstream of the shutter, when the latter is in closed position.

Dans la forme de réalisation préférée, le clapet taré comporte un joint disposé autour de l'arbre de l'obturateur et la douille de guidage comporte dans son logement axial une bague pourvu d'un joint également disposé autour de l'arbre de l'obturateur, ces joints étant des joints plats réalisés en graphite. In the preferred embodiment, the calibrated valve has a seal disposed around the shutter shaft and the guide sleeve has in its axial housing a ring provided with a seal also disposed around the shutter shaft, these joints being flat joints made of graphite.

D'une manière avantageuse, la douille de guidage comporte une face d'appui disposée en regard d'une face correspondante de l'obturateur pour constituer une première butée axiale.Advantageously, the guide sleeve has a support face disposed opposite a corresponding face of the shutter to constitute a first axial stop.

La vanne comporte, également, une deuxième douille de guidage agencée pour guider l'autre extrémité dudit arbre de commande, cette deuxième douille comportant une face d'appui disposée en regard d'une face correspondante de l'obturateur pour constituer une deuxième butée axiale.The valve also includes a second guide sleeve arranged to guide the other end of said control shaft, this second socket comprising a bearing face disposed opposite a corresponding face of the shutter for constitute a second axial stop.

De préférence, les douilles de guidage comportent un filetage extérieur, sont vissées dans des logements correspondants prévus dans ledit corps et sont traitées pour offrir un faible coefficient de frottement et résister à des températures élevées et à l'oxydation des gaz d'échappement.Preferably, the guide bushings have an external thread, are screwed in corresponding housings provided in said body and are treated to provide a low coefficient of friction and withstand high temperatures and oxidation of exhaust gases.

La présente invention et ses avantages seront mieux compris dans la description suivante d'une forme de réalisation donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif et en référence aux dess is annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente une vue d'ensemble en perspective d'un dispositif ralentisseur selon l'invention monté à la sortie d'un turbocompresseur,
  • les figures 2 à 4 sont des vues en coupe axiale montrant le dispositif ralentisseur respectivement au repos - l'obturateur ouvert, au travail - l'obturateur fermé et en équilibre - le conduit de fuite ouvert,
  • la figure 5 est une vue en perspective de l'obturateur, et
  • la figure 6 est une vue en perspective de la douille de guidage du dispositif d'équilibrage.
The present invention and its advantages will be better understood in the following description of an embodiment given by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents an overall perspective view of a retarder device according to the invention mounted at the outlet of a turbocharger,
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 are views in axial section showing the retarder device respectively at rest - the shutter open, at work - the shutter closed and in equilibrium - the open leakage duct,
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the shutter, and
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the guide sleeve of the balancing device.

En référence à la figure 1, le dispositif ralentisseur 1 selon l'invention est monté de manière classique dans le circuit d'échappement d'un véhicule généralement industriel et équipé d'un moteur à combustion, à la sortie d'un turbocompresseur TC alimenté par un collecteur d'échappement CE qui récupère les gaz dudit moteur (non représenté).Referring to Figure 1, the retarder device 1 according to the invention is mounted classic way in the exhaust system of a generally industrial vehicle and equipped with a combustion engine, at the outlet of a powered TC turbocharger by an EC exhaust manifold which recovers gases from said engine (not represented).

En référence également aux figures 2 à 4, le dispositif ralentisseur 1 comporte une vanne 2 pilotée par des moyens de commande appropriés (non représentés) tels qu'un vérin, un moteur, etc. La vanne 2 comporte un corps 4 définissant un canal 5 pour le passage des gaz d'échappement dans le sens des flèches F et un alésage 6 pour un obturateur mobile 7 monté dans ledit corps 4 transversalement audit canal 5 destiné à retenir les gaz en amont quand il est en position fermée. Le corps 4 comporte à ses extrémités deux brides de montage 4a, 4b destinées à recevoir, en amont, une bride correspondante du turbocompresseur TC et, en aval, une bride correspondante du conduit d'échappement (cf. Fig.1). Bien entendu, selon le type de ralentisseur, les brides de montage 4a, 4b peuvent être remplacées par tout autre dispositif équivalent, tel que des colliers de serrage, etc.With reference also to FIGS. 2 to 4, the retarder device 1 comprises a valve 2 piloted by appropriate control means (not shown) such as a cylinder, motor, etc. The valve 2 comprises a body 4 defining a channel 5 for the passage of the exhaust gases in the direction of the arrows F and a bore 6 for a movable shutter 7 mounted in said body 4 transversely to said channel 5 intended to retain gas upstream when it is in the closed position. The body 4 has at its ends two mounting flanges 4a, 4b intended to receive, upstream, a flange TC turbocharger and, downstream, a corresponding flange exhaust pipe (see Fig. 1). Of course, depending on the type of retarder, mounting flanges 4a, 4b can be replaced by any other equivalent device, such as cable ties, etc.

L'obturateur mobile 7, qui est représenté, est un volet papillon monté sur un arbre 8 d'axe A, cet arbre 8 définissant l'axe de rotation dudit obturateur 7. L'arbre 8 est guidé en rotation dans ledit corps 4 par deux douilles de guidage inférieure 9 et supérieure 10. Les douilles de guidage 9, 10 sont vissées dans le corps 4 dans des logements correspondants, l'assemblage par filetage assurant une bonne étanchéité entre les douilles et ledit corps par rapport aux gaz d'échappement susceptibles de s'infiltrer. Ces douilles 9, 10 sont également en appui axial sur des faces correspondantes de l'obturateur 7 par leurs faces intérieures correspondantes 9', 10' et assurent de ce fait le positionnement et le blocage axial dudit obturateur en évitant tout risque de vibration parasite. A cet effet, ces douilles 9, 10 sont traitées pour offrir un faible coefficient de frottement et résister à des températures élevées et à l'oxydation des gaz. L'une des extrémités de l'arbre 8 traverse ledit corps 4 au travers de la douille de guidage supérieure 10 pour être couplée aux moyens de commande directement ou par un bras de levier 8'. Tout autre forme d'obturateur est envisageable tel qu'un boisseau, une bille ou un tiroir.The movable shutter 7, which is shown, is a butterfly flap mounted on a shaft 8 of axis A, this shaft 8 defining the axis of rotation of said shutter 7. The shaft 8 is guided rotating in said body 4 by two lower guide sleeves 9 and upper 10. The guide bushes 9, 10 are screwed into the body 4 in housings corresponding, the assembly by thread ensuring a good seal between the bushings and said body with respect to exhaust gases liable to infiltrate. These sockets 9, 10 are also axially supported on corresponding faces of the shutter 7 by their corresponding inner faces 9 ', 10' and thereby ensure positioning and axial locking of said shutter avoiding any risk of parasitic vibration. For this purpose, these sockets 9, 10 are treated to offer a low coefficient of friction and resist high temperatures and oxidation of gas. One of the ends of the shaft 8 passes through said body 4 through the bushing upper guide 10 to be coupled to the control means directly or by an 8 'lever arm. Any other form of shutter is possible such as a bushel, ball or drawer.

Le dispositif ralentisseur 1 comporte en plus un dispositif d'équilibrage 20 intégré dans ledit corps 4 de la vanne 2 et agencé pour créer un débit de fuite des gaz d'échappement quand l'obturateur 7 est en position fermée pour équilibrer les pressions et obtenir une valeur de contre-pression maximale et constante indépendante du régime moteur, à partir d'un certain seuil de pression prédéterminé.The retarder device 1 additionally comprises a balancing device 20 integrated in said body 4 of valve 2 and arranged to create a gas leakage rate exhaust when the shutter 7 is in the closed position to balance the pressures and obtain an independent maximum and constant backpressure value engine speed, from a certain predetermined pressure threshold.

Ce dispositif d'équilibrage 20 comporte un conduit de fuite 21 ménagé dans le corps 4 court-circuitant l'obturateur 7. Il s'agit en fait d'une cave à dépression déjà existante dans le corps 4 et utilisée dans les ralentisseurs du titulaire de la présente demande pour garantir une étanchéité entre l'arbre de commande et le corps. Dans la présente invention, cette cave à dépression est utilisée comme conduit de fuite. Par conséquent, le corps 4 n'a pas besoin de subir de modification particulière si ce n'est de prévoir un logement pour la douille supérieure 10.This balancing device 20 comprises a leakage conduit 21 formed in the body 4 shorting the shutter 7. It is in fact an already existing vacuum cellar in body 4 and used in the retarders of the holder of this application to ensure a seal between the control shaft and the body. In this invention, this vacuum cellar is used as a leakage duct. Therefore, body 4 does not need to undergo any particular modification except to provide a housing for the upper sleeve 10.

Ce conduit de fuite 21 est donc disposé sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'arbre 8, de part et d'autre de la douille de guidage supérieure 10. Il possède une extrémité borgne en amont de l'obturateur 7 et débouche dans le canal 5 en aval dudit obturateur 7. Ce dispositif d'équilibrage 20 comporte également un clapet taré 22 agencé pour ouvrir ou fermer ledit conduit de fuite 21 à partir d'un seuil de pression déterminé. Ce clapet taré 22 est annulaire, monté coulissant autour de l'arbre 8 et complété par un joint 22'. Ce clapet taré 22 est monté dans un logement axial 23 prévu dans la douille de guidage supérieure 10 et au travers duquel passe l'arbre 8. La douille de guidage supérieure 10 comporte des orifices périphériques 24 communiquant avec ledit conduit de fuite 21. Elle comporte également à son extrémité située à proximité de l'obturateur 7 un siège annulaire 25 agencé pour recevoir ledit clapet taré 22 et pour laisser une ouverture 26 autour de l'arbre 8 permettant aux gaz de pousser directement sur le clapet taré 22. Comme illustré par la figure 6, ce siège annulaire 25 peut être constitué d'un circlips logé dans une rainure correspondante prévue dans ladite douille supérieure 10, son diamètre intérieur étant supérieur à celui de l'arbre 8 et définissant ladite ouverture 26. Quand le clapet taré 22 est décollé de son siège annulaire 25, cette ouverture 26 met en communication le canal 5 et les orifices périphériques 24. Un ressort de compression 27 est prévu à l'arrière du clapet taré 22. Il est monté en butée contre une bague 28 munie d'un joint 28' et adossée contre le fond dudit logement axial 23. Ce ressort de compression 27 est taré à une valeur telle qu'il se comprime à partir d'une force correspondante au seuil de contre-pression prédéterminé, cette pression étant exercée directement par les gaz d'échappement. Par ailleurs, l'obturateur 7 comporte en regard de la douille de guidage supérieure 10 une cavité 29 ménagée autour de l'arbre 8 et en communication avec l'ouverture 26 prévue dans le siège annulaire 25. Cette cavité 29 présente une forme en arc de cercle et communiquant uniquement avec le canal 5 en amont de l'obturateur 7. Les joints 22' et 28' sont de préférence des joints plats en graphite donc résistants aux hautes températures et aux gaz corrosifs. Ils assurent l'étanchéité entre l'arbre 8 et le clapet 22 et la douille supérieure 10.This leakage conduit 21 is therefore disposed substantially perpendicular to the shaft 8, on either side of the upper guide sleeve 10. It has one end blind upstream of the shutter 7 and opens into the channel 5 downstream of said shutter 7. This balancing device 20 also includes a calibrated valve 22 arranged to open or close said leakage conduit 21 from a pressure threshold determined. This calibrated valve 22 is annular, slidably mounted around the shaft 8 and completed by a 22 'joint. This calibrated valve 22 is mounted in an axial housing 23 provided in the upper guide sleeve 10 and through which the shaft 8 passes. upper guide sleeve 10 has peripheral holes 24 communicating with said leakage duct 21. It also comprises at its end located near the shutter 7 an annular seat 25 arranged for receive said calibrated valve 22 and to leave an opening 26 around the shaft 8 allowing gases to push directly on the calibrated valve 22. As illustrated by the Figure 6, this annular seat 25 may consist of a circlip housed in a groove corresponding provided in said upper sleeve 10, its inner diameter being greater than that of the shaft 8 and defining said opening 26. When the calibrated valve 22 is detached from its annular seat 25, this opening 26 connects the channel 5 and the peripheral orifices 24. A compression spring 27 is provided at the rear of the calibrated valve 22. It is mounted in abutment against a ring 28 provided with a seal 28 'and leaned against the bottom of said axial housing 23. This compression spring 27 is tared to a value such that it compresses from a force corresponding to the predetermined back pressure threshold, this pressure being exerted directly by the exhaust gas. Furthermore, the shutter 7 comprises, facing the socket of upper guide 10 a cavity 29 formed around the shaft 8 and in communication with the opening 26 provided in the annular seat 25. This cavity 29 has a form in an arc and communicating only with channel 5 upstream of the shutter 7. The seals 22 ′ and 28 ′ are preferably flat seals made of graphite, therefore resistant to high temperatures and corrosive gases. They seal between the shaft 8 and the valve 22 and the upper bush 10.

La commande du dispositif ralentisseur 1 s'effectue par le conducteur du véhicule industriel au moyen d'une pédale de commande. En fonctionnement normal du véhicule, le dispositif ralentisseur 1 est au repos, donc l'obturateur 7 est ouvert (cf. Fig. 2) laissant les gaz s'échapper librement. Lors du freinage, les moyens de commande actionnés par l'utilisateur entraínent la fermeture de l'obturateur 7 (cf. Fig. 3) retenant ainsi les gaz et générant une contre-pression qui provoque le ralentissement du moteur et donc une diminution de la vitesse du véhicule. II faut préciser que même en position fermée, il existe un jeu entre l'alésage 6 et l'obturateur 7 pour laisser échapper un débit de gaz réduit évitant ainsi tout risque de blocage et de surpression dangereuse pour les équipements situés en amont. A partir d'un certain seuil de pression, le dispositif d'équilibrage 20 (cf. Fig. 4) s'actionne pour équilibrer les pressions et réguler la contre-pression à une valeur constante quel que soit le régime du moteur.The retarder 1 is controlled by the driver of the vehicle industrial by means of a foot control. In normal operation of the vehicle, the retarder device 1 is at rest, so the shutter 7 is open (cf. Fig. 2) allowing the gases to escape freely. During braking, the means of user-operated controls cause the shutter 7 to close (see Fig. 3) thus retaining the gases and generating a back pressure which causes the engine slowing down and therefore a decrease in vehicle speed. We must specify that even in the closed position, there is a clearance between bore 6 and the shutter 7 to let escape a reduced gas flow thus avoiding any risk of blockage and dangerous overpressure for equipment located upstream. From a certain pressure threshold, the balancing device 20 (cf. FIG. 4) is actuated to balance the pressures and regulate the back pressure to a constant value whatever the speed of the motor.

La figure 2 représente le dispositif ralentisseur 1 dans sa position de repos. L'obturateur 7 est en position ouverte c'est-à-dire orienté parallèlement au flux des gaz d'échappement. La pression des gaz devant le clapet taré 22 est sensiblement nulle. De ce fait, le dispositif d'équilibrage 20 n'est pas en action.Figure 2 shows the retarder device 1 in its rest position. The shutter 7 is in the open position, that is to say oriented parallel to the flow of exhaust gas. The gas pressure in front of the calibrated valve 22 is substantially nothing. Therefore, the balancing device 20 is not in action.

La figure 3 représente le dispositif ralentisseur 1 dans sa position de travail. L'obturateur 7 est en position fermée c'est-à-dire orienté perpendiculairement au flux des gaz d'échappement et génère une contre-pression. Comme expliqué plus haut, l'obturateur 7 et l'alésage 6 de cet obturateur sont agencés pour laisser s'échapper une fuite de gaz très réduite. Dans cette figure, la pression devant le clapet taré 22 augmente mais est encore inférieure au seuil de contre-pression prédéterminé et défini par le ressort de compression 27.Figure 3 shows the retarder device 1 in its working position. The shutter 7 is in the closed position, that is to say oriented perpendicular to the flow. exhaust gas and generates back pressure. As explained above, the shutter 7 and the bore 6 of this shutter are arranged to let escape a very low gas leak. In this figure, the pressure in front of the calibrated valve 22 increases but is still below the predetermined and defined back pressure threshold by the compression spring 27.

La figure 4 représente le dispositif ralentisseur 1 dans sa position d'équilibre. La pression des gaz en amont de l'obturateur 7 s'est accrue au-delà du seuil de contre-pression déterminé par le ressort 27 du clapet taré 22. Sous l'effet de cette pression, le clapet taré 22 se soulève de son siège 25 en comprimant le ressort 27. L'ouverture 26 met alors en communication le canal 5 en amont de l'obturateur 7 par l'intermédiaire de sa cavité 29 avec le conduit de fuite 21 par l'intermédiaire des orifices périphériques 24 ménagés dans la douille de guidage supérieure 10. Ainsi, une partie des gaz d'échappement est déviée dans le conduit de fuite 21 qui l'évacue en aval de l'obturateur 7 créant un débit de fuite variant pour maintenir une contre-pression sensiblement constante. Dans cette configuration du dispositif ralentisseur 1, le clapet taré 22 reste ouvert dans une position d'équilibre ayant pour effet de réguler la contre-pression en amont de l'obturateur 7. Ainsi, on obtient un ralentissement constant et maximal correspondant par exemple à la pression de consigne maximale admissible par le collecteur d'échappement CE quel que soit le régime du moteur.Figure 4 shows the retarder device 1 in its equilibrium position. The gas pressure upstream of the shutter 7 has increased beyond the back pressure threshold determined by the spring 27 of the calibrated valve 22. Under the effect of this pressure, the calibrated valve 22 lifts from its seat 25 by compressing the spring 27. The opening 26 then connects the channel 5 upstream of the shutter 7 via of its cavity 29 with the leakage conduit 21 via the orifices peripherals 24 formed in the upper guide sleeve 10. Thus, part exhaust gas is deflected into the leakage duct 21 which discharges it downstream of the shutter 7 creating a varying leakage rate to maintain a back pressure substantially constant. In this configuration of the retarder device 1, the valve calibrated 22 remains open in an equilibrium position having the effect of regulating the back pressure upstream of the shutter 7. Thus, a constant slowing down is obtained and maximum corresponding for example to the maximum allowable set pressure by the CE exhaust manifold whatever the engine speed.

Il ressort clairement de cette description que l'invention permet d'améliorer les dispositifs ralentisseurs actuels en proposant un dispositif d'équilibrage 20 simple, peu coûteux, efficace, compact et incorporé à la vanne 2, assurant également une très bonne étanchéité du ralentisseur.It is clear from this description that the invention makes it possible to improve the current retarder devices by proposing a simple balancing device 20 expensive, efficient, compact and incorporated into valve 2, also ensuring a very good tightness of the retarder.

Claims (12)

  1. Decelerator device (1) mounted in the exhaust gas circuit of a vehicle equipped with a combustion engine, comprising at least one valve (2) provided with a body (4) defining a channel (5) and a movable shutter (7) arranged at right angles in said channel (5) and coupled to a drive shaft (8), and means of controlling this shutter comprising a device (20) for balancing the back-pressure exerted by the shutter on the gas, this balancing device being designed to come into action when the shutter (7) is in the closed position and when a predetermined back-pressure threshold is reached and to open an outlet pipe (21) as soon as the back-pressure reaches said threshold and to keep it open beyond said threshold, whatever the engine's speed, in order to create a suitable exhaust gas leak rate, the balancing device (20) comprising a calibrated flap (22) arranged in said outlet pipe (21) and a compression spring (27) arranged at the rear of said calibrated flap (22), this spring being calibrated to said threshold value, characterized in that the balancing device (20) is incorporated into the body (4) of the valve (2) and comprises a guide bush (10) crossed by the shaft (8) and provided with an axial housing (23) designed to receive said calibrated flap (22) and its spring (27) coaxial to said shaft (8) and in that the outlet pipe (21) is arranged substantially perpendicular to the shaft (8) and opens into the channel (5) downstream from said shutter so as to create, in association with said balancing device (20), a circuit for diverting part of the exhaust gas flow.
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide bush (10) comprises at least one peripheral orifice (24) communicating with the part downstream from the outlet pipe (21).
  3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide bush (10) comprises an annular seat (25) arranged to receive said calibrated flap (22) when it abuts, this seat comprising an opening (26) allowing said calibrated flap (22) and the channel (5) upstream from the shutter (7) to communicate.
  4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the annular seat (25) is made up of a circlip arranged in a corresponding groove provided in said guide bush (10), the inside diameter of the circlip being greater than that of the shaft (8) and delimiting said opening (26).
  5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shutter (7) comprises a cavity (29) arranged opposite the calibrated flap (22) and communicating with the channel (5) upstream from the shutter (7), when the latter is in the closed position.
  6. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the calibrated flap (22) comprises a gasket (22') arranged around the shaft (8) of the shutter (7).
  7. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide bush (10) comprises in its axial housing (23) a ring (28) provided with a gasket (28') arranged around the shaft (8) of the shutter (7).
  8. Device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the gaskets (22', 28') are sheet gaskets made of graphite.
  9. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide bush (10) comprises a face (10') arranged opposite a corresponding face of the shutter (7) to constitute a first axial stop.
  10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the valve (2) comprises a second guide bush (9) arranged to guide the other end of said drive shaft (8), this second bush comprising a face (9') opposite a corresponding face of the shutter (7) to constitute a second axial stop.
  11. Device according to claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the guide bushes (9, 10) comprise an outside threading and are screwed into corresponding housings provided in said body (4).
  12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the guide bushes (9, 10) are treated to offer a low coefficient of friction and withstand high temperatures and the oxidation of the exhaust gas.
EP99915822A 1998-04-22 1999-04-22 Decelerator device mounted in the exhaust gas circuit of a vehicle equipped with a combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0991858B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9805211A FR2777946B1 (en) 1998-04-22 1998-04-22 SLOWDOWN DEVICE MOUNTED IN THE GAS EXHAUST CIRCUIT OF A VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH A COMBUSTION ENGINE
FR9805211 1998-04-22
PCT/FR1999/000966 WO1999054612A1 (en) 1998-04-22 1999-04-22 Decelerator device mounted in the exhaust gas circuit of a vehicle equipped with a combustion engine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0991858A1 EP0991858A1 (en) 2000-04-12
EP0991858B1 true EP0991858B1 (en) 2002-08-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99915822A Expired - Lifetime EP0991858B1 (en) 1998-04-22 1999-04-22 Decelerator device mounted in the exhaust gas circuit of a vehicle equipped with a combustion engine

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US (1) US6273058B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0991858B1 (en)
KR (1) KR20010020489A (en)
AT (1) ATE221956T1 (en)
AU (1) AU3426699A (en)
CA (1) CA2294093A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69902429T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2777946B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2218469C2 (en)
TR (1) TR199903201T1 (en)
WO (1) WO1999054612A1 (en)

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JP4446635B2 (en) * 2001-09-03 2010-04-07 本田技研工業株式会社 Exhaust gas valve device for internal combustion engine
JP4061467B2 (en) * 2002-03-15 2008-03-19 三菱自動車工業株式会社 Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine
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KR20010020489A (en) 2001-03-15
AU3426699A (en) 1999-11-08
EP0991858A1 (en) 2000-04-12
DE69902429T2 (en) 2003-05-08
US6273058B1 (en) 2001-08-14
FR2777946B1 (en) 2000-06-16
TR199903201T1 (en) 2000-07-21
FR2777946A1 (en) 1999-10-29
CA2294093A1 (en) 1999-10-28
WO1999054612A1 (en) 1999-10-28
DE69902429D1 (en) 2002-09-12
ATE221956T1 (en) 2002-08-15
RU2218469C2 (en) 2003-12-10

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