EP0985876A1 - Brûleur - Google Patents

Brûleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0985876A1
EP0985876A1 EP98810902A EP98810902A EP0985876A1 EP 0985876 A1 EP0985876 A1 EP 0985876A1 EP 98810902 A EP98810902 A EP 98810902A EP 98810902 A EP98810902 A EP 98810902A EP 0985876 A1 EP0985876 A1 EP 0985876A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
cross
partial bodies
partial
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98810902A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Erfindernennung liegt noch nicht vor Die
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority to EP98810902A priority Critical patent/EP0985876A1/fr
Publication of EP0985876A1 publication Critical patent/EP0985876A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2206/00—Burners for specific applications
    • F23D2206/10—Turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2210/00—Noise abatement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for operating an assembly to generate a hot gas.
  • the cooling air flowing into the combustion chamber has a sound-absorbing effect and thus contributes to damping thermoacoustic vibrations.
  • an increasing proportion of the air is passed through the burners themselves in modern gas turbines and the cooling air flow is reduced.
  • the problems mentioned at the outset occur to a greater extent in such modern combustion chambers.
  • thermoacoustic Vibrations through active acoustic excitation.
  • the shear layer that forms in the area of the burner acoustically stimulated.
  • thermoacoustic vibrations and excitation achieve damping of the combustion chamber vibrations.
  • such a solution requires the addition of additional ones Elements in the combustion chamber area.
  • Coherent structures play a crucial role in mixing processes between air and fuel.
  • the spatial and temporal dynamics of these structures affect combustion and the heat release.
  • the invention is now the Based on the idea of counteracting the formation of coherent structures. Will the formation of vortex structures at the burner outlet reduced or prevented, so is the periodic heat release fluctuation reduced. Because the periodic Heat release fluctuations the basis for that Occur thermoacoustic vibrations, the amplitude the thermoacoustic fluctuations are reduced.
  • a burner according to the invention for operating an assembly for Generation of a hot gas essentially consists of at least two hollow, nested in the direction of flow Partial bodies, the center axes of which are offset from one another, such that adjacent walls of the partial body tangential air inlet channels for the inflow of combustion air into an interior space specified by the partial bodies form.
  • the burner has at least one fuel nozzle on.
  • Each of the nested partial bodies widens cone-like along the burner axis towards the burner outlet and has a non-circular shape perpendicular to the burner axis Cross section on.
  • the invention is therefore based on the idea of closing the burner in this way shape that suppresses the formation of coherent structures or is prevented. It has now been through experimentation the inventor found that the formation of coherent vortex structures through shapes that have an axially symmetrical shape deviate, is disturbed. So free steels show that out outflow elliptical nozzles, a much smaller extension of fluid mechanical instability waves in Flow direction as free steel, which originated in have axially symmetrical nozzles. In addition, there is coherence the flow around the circumference much less and also the mixture improved. The geometry is not elliptical Forms restricted. Any deviation from the axially symmetric Shape leads to reduced training coherent structures and thus to suppress unwanted ones thermoacoustic vibrations.
  • the axial symmetry is according to the invention disturbed by the fact that each of the partial bodies is perpendicular a non-circular cross-section to the burner axis having.
  • the shape of the burner according to the invention leads to a higher mixing and reduces the coherence of the Cross vortex.
  • each of the partial bodies preferably forms in each case an ellipse segment in which the ratio of smaller to major axis lies between 1 and 0.1. It is advantageous especially a ratio between 0.9 and 0.5, as special a ratio of about 0.7 is considered advantageous.
  • the cross section of the partial body each form a segment of an egg curve.
  • Such Eg curve is constructed over two concentric Ellipses, with the egg curve along half a circumference passes uniformly from the inner to the outer ellipse (Fig. 3). It can also be advantageous if the cross section the partial body connected by straight lines Arches forms.
  • the flow cross-section preferably takes that of the partial bodies formed interior along the burner axis to the burner outlet towards uniform.
  • In the area of the tangential Air inlet ducts are in the longitudinal direction of the burner Expediently spaced fuel nozzles arranged.
  • non-circular, especially elliptical geometries also apply to other types of burners. Also one Design of individual burner parts reduces the undesirable thermoacoustic vibrations.
  • the burner outlet for example, main and secondary air, Fuel injections, flame holders, cooling holes, holes for additional air injection (dilution air) and the Entry and exit of mixing chambers into consideration.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a known premix burner, which consists of two half hollow partial cone bodies 1, 2, which are staggered.
  • the transfer of the respective Central axis of the partial cone body 1, 2 creates each other one on each side in a mirror image arrangement tangential air inlet duct 5, 6 through which the combustion air 7 flows into the interior 8 of the burner.
  • the Partial cone bodies 1, 2 have cylindrical starting parts 9, 10 on which include a fuel nozzle 11 through which liquid Fuel 12 is injected.
  • the partial cone bodies also point 1, 2 as required, a fuel line 13, 14, which are provided with openings 15 through which gaseous Fuel 16 through the tangential air inlet channels 5, 6 flowing combustion air 7 is mixed.
  • the burner has a collar-shaped, as Anchoring for the partial cone body 1, 2 serving end plate 18 with a number of holes 19 through which if necessary dilution air or cooling air 20 the front part of the combustion chamber or its wall can be supplied.
  • the fuel injection can be an air-assisted one Nozzle or around a working on the pressure atomization principle Act nozzle.
  • the conical spray pattern is used by the enclosed tangentially flowing combustion air flows 7.
  • the concentration of the injected fuel 12 is shown in Flow direction continuously through the combustion air flows 7 dismantled. If a gaseous fuel 16 is in the range of introduced tangential air inlet channels 5, 6, begins Mixture formation with the combustion air 7 already in this Area.
  • a liquid fuel 12 is in The area of the vortex run, i.e. in the area of the backflow zone 24 at the end of the premix burner the optimal, homogeneous Fuel concentration reached across the cross section.
  • the Ignition of the fuel / combustion air mixture begins the tip of the backflow zone 24. Only at this point can a stable flame front 25 arise.
  • Figures 3a and 3b show front views of exemplary embodiments of the burner according to the invention from the direction III-III 1.
  • the partial body 1, 2 have in the embodiment 3a in contrast to the circular cross section 1 and 2 an elliptical cross section on.
  • the partial bodies, such as in Fig. 2 shown, also overlap.
  • the presence also lies of more than two partial bodies within the scope of the invention.
  • the aspect ratio of the two main axes of the ellipses affects the extent of suppression of the thermoacoustic Fluctuations. Although every change in the axial symmetry to one Attenuation of the pressure amplitudes could result in one Axial ratio of small to large main axis of 0.7 a stronger suppression is observed than with a ratio from 0.8.
  • a relationship is currently being considered advantageous between 0.9 and 0.5, especially a ratio of about 0.7 considered.
  • FIG. 3b shows a Embodiment in which the partial body perpendicular to The cross section of the burner axis each form a segment of an egg curve.
  • An egg curve consists of two concentric ellipses, the egg curve being uniform along half a circumference passes from the inner to the outer ellipse.
  • the one for construction used ellipse segments 1a, 1b and 2a, 2b are in Fig. 3b drawn in dashed lines.
  • Figure 4 shows the results of an experimental determination the pressure fluctuations in the 100 Hz range when using conventional burners ("circular nozzles”, full squares) and burners according to an embodiment of the invention ("elliptical nozzles", open circles) as a function of Air number ⁇ .
  • the air ratio ⁇ is a measure of the ratio of the introduced into the combustion chamber to complete Combustion theoretically required amount of air.
  • the present Invention could be in the particularly relevant area 1.8 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2.2 the amplitude of the pressure vibrations to less be reduced as 10% of the original value.
  • FIG. 5 shows the measured pressure amplitude as Function of the preheating temperature for conventional burners (circular nozzles at 500 kW, full squares) and two embodiments of the invention (elliptical nozzles at 600 kW, open circles, and elliptical nozzles at 550 kW, open triangles).
  • the amplitude of the pressure vibrations is compared to that conventional burners reduced by one to two orders of magnitude.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
EP98810902A 1998-09-10 1998-09-10 Brûleur Withdrawn EP0985876A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98810902A EP0985876A1 (fr) 1998-09-10 1998-09-10 Brûleur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98810902A EP0985876A1 (fr) 1998-09-10 1998-09-10 Brûleur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0985876A1 true EP0985876A1 (fr) 2000-03-15

Family

ID=8236310

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98810902A Withdrawn EP0985876A1 (fr) 1998-09-10 1998-09-10 Brûleur

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0985876A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1182398A1 (fr) * 2000-08-21 2002-02-27 Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd Procédé pour accroítre la stabilité fluidique d'un brûleur de prémélange ainsi que brûleur de prémélange pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé
CN109154436A (zh) * 2016-05-18 2019-01-04 爱德华兹有限公司 进口组件

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0433790A1 (fr) * 1989-12-22 1991-06-26 Asea Brown Boveri Ag BrÀ»leur
EP0849531A2 (fr) * 1996-12-20 1998-06-24 United Technologies Corporation Procédé de combustion à faible émission de tonalités acoustiques
EP0851176A2 (fr) * 1996-12-30 1998-07-01 Abb Research Ltd. Chaudière pour un générateur de chaleur

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0433790A1 (fr) * 1989-12-22 1991-06-26 Asea Brown Boveri Ag BrÀ»leur
EP0849531A2 (fr) * 1996-12-20 1998-06-24 United Technologies Corporation Procédé de combustion à faible émission de tonalités acoustiques
EP0851176A2 (fr) * 1996-12-30 1998-07-01 Abb Research Ltd. Chaudière pour un générateur de chaleur

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1182398A1 (fr) * 2000-08-21 2002-02-27 Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd Procédé pour accroítre la stabilité fluidique d'un brûleur de prémélange ainsi que brûleur de prémélange pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé
US6599121B2 (en) 2000-08-21 2003-07-29 Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd Premix burner
CN109154436A (zh) * 2016-05-18 2019-01-04 爱德华兹有限公司 进口组件
CN109154436B (zh) * 2016-05-18 2020-08-11 爱德华兹有限公司 进口组件及其使用方法
US10865983B2 (en) 2016-05-18 2020-12-15 Edwards Limited Inlet assembly

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