EP0980935B1 - Device for the placement of infiltration materials behind building elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The injection device is introduced into the component part (1) and an injection jet of material is moved through the device to exit behind the component part where it is deflected by a deflection device which changes its direction of movement into a sealing position. An opening is first drilled in the component part and then lined in the inlet area by a tubular object such as a dowel to ensure close contact between opening and injection device.

Description

The invention relates to a device for introducing materials behind components.

Despite the use of modern construction techniques, moisture in the ground, a high Groundwater level and possible leaks in underground water pipes and -runs continue to be a major problem for underground components Water and moisture in components can cause the formation of sponges and mold of efflorescence of salt and ultimately the softening of the building structure and thus Cause static problems. This remains due to capillary effects and the porous nature of components sometimes not on underground or near the surface located components limited. In particular, it has been shown that components sometimes only leak after a certain time in the ground. So there is a Need to find means with which components are permanently sealed against moisture and can be protected.

For example, Cellar sealed from the inside against the moisture entering from outside become. Mineral, organic and metallic materials are preferred used. However, despite the water flow being prevented, the inside remains sealed The component is wet on the outside, and the moisture that still enters from the outside can increase possibly look for other exit routes or ascend capillary.

Larger, i.e. visible moisture entry points, e.g. Cracks become conventional by sealing with elastic mineral or synthetic resin-bound sealing materials, which are preferably injected under pressure. In doing so however, only the directly injected cavities are sealed, while more difficult to access, not reached or newly formed cavities continue to enter the building allow.

In another, more complex method, the component is exposed from the outside, i.e. the surrounding Soil is removed, the leaky areas made accessible and suitable Sealed materials. Then the soil is filled up again. The disadvantage This method is that in many cases the affected components due to Superstructures, tree or plant growth or not exposed for static reasons can be, so that access to the leaky component from the outside is impossible. moreover the process is complex and costly.

For some time now, in the refinement of the process just mentioned, the ground has not been used completely removed, but instead slots or small shafts that are few Centimeters wide, created between the components to be sealed and the soil, and these slots are then filled with sealing material. This has compared to the Above mentioned method of removal the advantage that seals in the case of plant and / or tree growth, i.e. if access is difficult, be carried out anyway can. However, the method still fails if e.g. complete buildings exist or floors must be sealed from below.

In order to avoid the disadvantages associated with the aforementioned methods, one has been leading since several years so called "veil seals". For this purpose holes are made through the components to be sealed are drilled, through which liquid sealing materials are then pressed from the inside be pressed outwards. These liquid waterproofing materials should be evenly distributed in the area of the borehole and the component in a wide area wet the borehole and seal it. Usually the drill holes in the Screening method, i.e. about 20-30 cm apart, so that there is a continuous sealing layer on the outside of the building results. To the To be able to introduce the necessary pressure, an injection plug is usually placed in the borehole, a so-called packer "used one or more times can. This dowel is firmly connected to the borehole from the inside, e.g. by pressing them apart and thus pressing a rubber hose against the inner wall of the borehole. Often it also contains a check valve, which prevents the sealing material from flowing back prevented when the flow is interrupted and the injection pressure is therefore suspended. This valve can also be replaced by another backflow protection, such as. by a slide closing device or by clogging the flow opening. In the latter case, the liquid sealing material is without any further guiding device pressed through the borehole. Although the veil seal unlike the the aforementioned method avoids expensive earthworks, it harbors quite a few Disadvantages: in the outer area of the component to be sealed, there is either the ground, Insulation materials, building rubble or other substances. When introducing the sealing material through the borehole, it will initially make its way directly behind the borehole look for the soil or other existing substrates. A lateral distribution occurs as a result, only after a large amount of material and a long press-in time. Even with one Narrow borehole patterning rarely results in complete component obscuration because of the sealing material Even after a long press-in period, the path is still direct from the borehole looking forward and not sideways. In addition, it can never be calculated beforehand how high the amount of material and work will be or how many reworking, i.e. additional Sealing work, if the original sealing work failed have to. As a result, the conventional veil seal "hides an incalculable one Risk.

In another method according to the prior art, the so-called "nozzle jet method", the soil is at the point where it is solidified or sealed by means of a high-pressure liquid or injection material jet in one through the Nozzle arrangement on the drilling device determinable area loosened and released and with mixed the injection material. The mixture of soil, liquid and injection material solidified then determined by the nozzle arrangement on the drilling device Areas. This procedure involves drilling and inserting of the injection material in succession, but with one and the same device. This requires one special device which, in addition to making holes, should also enable Injection material to be introduced into defined areas, which is due to radial attachment to the drill pipe Nozzles are done. By pressing in a cement suspension under high pressure (at least 200 bar) begins soil erosion and subsequent mortaring of the soil, whereby the drill pipe rotated for the radial distribution of the injection material and for the longitudinal distribution is pulled at the same time. A column of initially eroded soil is created, the Diameter is determined by the pressure used, and which then solidifies. Variants of the procedure, but all aimed at a temporary loosening and Target solution of the floor, use in addition to the high pressure injection material jet a compressed air and / or high pressure water jet. Because of the apparatus Effort, the considerable size of the drill pipe used, the large The amount of material introduced and the pressures used is the jet method not suitable for maintenance measures for building in existing buildings. Still requires working with this method due to the high pressures used in structural engineering Complex control measures with regard to the pressure relief or a largely pressureless backflow of excess material, otherwise there is a risk of lifting is given by parts of the building.

From US 4,520,051 is a method and an apparatus for sealing underground Components known. The device disclosed therein has a high-pressure spray device which comprises a tube connected to a cylinder which has a stamp or contains a ram within a chamber. With the chamber are two high pressure gas hoses connected, which are in contact with a high-pressure gas bottle via a switch. At the end of the tube is a backward-pointing nozzle that injects the material into to distribute a circular radial pattern on the outside of an underground wall. The distribution patterns obtained are conical, the device is complex in terms of equipment and is characterized by a high material consumption.

The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device with the components better and permanently sealed against moisture and can be protected. Furthermore, the invention has the task of working on existing Components, e.g. Walls, walls, etc. In particular construction work on small-area components in contact with the ground, e.g. Basement walls should be possible areas that are difficult to access, e.g. Corner and edge areas as well as advances in opening up such sealing measures. Another job The invention consists in providing a device suitable for this purpose, the use of the component to be sealed during the sealing allowed. Yet another object of the invention is to provide a device that is convenient for handling in suitable for confined spaces. The device should be easy to transport and also take up little space during construction.

a) Einbringen einer Injektionseinrichtung in ein Bauteil,

b) Erzeugen eines Injektionsstrahl aus einzubringendem Material,

c) Richten des Injektionsstrahls, so daß sich das einzubringende Material durch das Bauteil hindurch bewegt und in einem Bereich hinter dem Bauteil austritt, und

d) Umlenken des Injektionsstrahls hinter dem Bauteil mittels einer Umlenkeinrichtung, die eine Änderung der bisherigen Bewegungsrichtung des einzubringenden Materials bewirkt.

A method for inserting materials behind components has the following steps:

a) inserting an injection device into a component,

b) generating an injection jet from material to be introduced,

c) directing the injection jet so that the material to be introduced moves through the component and emerges in an area behind the component, and

d) deflecting the injection jet behind the component by means of a deflection device which causes a change in the previous direction of movement of the material to be introduced.

The method also preferably provides for the introduction an injection device into a component, an opening in and through the component is drilled, and that a hose-like lining the opening in the entrance area Object is used, the close contact between the opening in the component and the injection device allowed.

It is preferably provided that the lining of the opening in the entrance area hose-like object a dowel is used.

In the method it is preferably provided that after the injection device is already inserted into the opening in the component before generating an injection jet from the material to be introduced air or another gas through the injection device is pressed.

The method also provides for generating an injection jet made of material to be inserted under pressure into and through the opening injection device located in the component is pumped.

It is also provided in the method that for directing the injection jet the injection device is positioned in the component so that the outlet area of the material from the injection device is behind the component.

In addition, the method provides that the direction and width of the introduction of the material to be introduced behind the component due to the shape, dimensions, arrangement and positioning of the deflection device and by varying the injection pressure can be influenced.

Pressures in the range of 1-10 bar are used to inject the material to be introduced used. In one embodiment, pressures are in the range of 5-10 bar, in another Embodiment 8-10 bar, in yet another embodiment pressures in the range of 2-8 bar, preferably 3-7 bar and more preferably 4-6 bar used. It goes without saying and it is obvious to the person skilled in the art that the pressure used is external, the nature and material of the component as well as the building ground should be adapted to the component to be sealed.

Liquid, powdered or granular can preferably be used in the process Materials are introduced.

It is preferably provided that materials are first introduced which are quick are setting and act as a water barrier, and that afterwards volume constant materials be introduced.

The preferred fast-setting materials that form a water barrier are Foams used that form in situ. In one embodiment, to use hydrophilic polyurethane gels.

a) einer Injektionseinrichtung zum Injizieren der Materialien in Längsrichtung der Injektionseinrichtung und

b) einer Umlenkeinrichtung zum Umlenken des Bewegungsrichtung der Materialien im Austrittsbereich der Materialien aus der Injektionseinrichtung, wobei die Umlenkeinrichtung ein Rohr umfaßt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umlenkeinrichtung einen Verschluß des Rohres an seinem einen Ende und im Endbereich, an dem sich der Verschluß befindet, in der Seitenwand mindestens eine Öffnung umfaßt.

The above object is achieved by a device for introducing materials behind components

a) an injection device for injecting the materials in the longitudinal direction of the injection device and

b) a deflection device for deflecting the direction of movement of the materials in the exit region of the materials from the injection device, the deflection device comprising a pipe, characterized in that the deflection device has a closure of the pipe at one end and in the end region at which the closure is located, comprises at least one opening in the side wall.

In one possible embodiment, the inside diameter of the tube is between 5 and 50 mm, preferably between 10 and 30 mm. The length of the pipe depends on the thickness of the component, behind which material is introduced should. In one embodiment, the length of the tube is between 20 cm and 120 cm. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the length of the pipe is structural Circumstances should be adjusted.

In one embodiment, the deflecting preferred in the side wall openings all around. The opening (s) can be designed differently, e.g. square, circular, oval, triangular, rectangular, polygonal, elliptical etc. Preferred the opening (s) is circular. The diameter of the opening (s) is in Range from 1 mm - 10 mm, preferably from 3 mm - 8 mm. In the event that the side wall comprises several openings, it can be provided that these, for example in terms of shape and / or size are different, as exemplified above.

In one embodiment it is provided that the tube is connected to a second tube in this way is that the second tube is part of the openings in the side wall of the tube covers. The outer diameter of the second tube can be the inner diameter of the correspond to the first tube or vice versa; in the first case, the second pipe goes into the first Inserted tube, in the second case the second tube is pushed over the first tube, see above that it includes the first tube. The inside diameter of the first tube is between 5 and 50 mm, preferably between 10 and 30 mm. The length of each tube depends according to the thickness of the component behind which material is to be inserted. In one embodiment the length of each tube is between 20 cm and 120 cm. It will be for the It should be obvious to a person skilled in the art that the length of each tube is adapted to the structural conditions can be.

In another embodiment it is preferably provided that through the in the side wall openings are guided at least one flexible hose or tube-like device is.

The invention is based on the surprising finding that by using a Deflection device a targeted and limited to the places to be sealed of sealing material behind components is enabled, resulting in better and more permanent Sealing leads.

In particular, the sealing of components that are difficult to access, e.g. Corner, edge and Projection areas that are not sealed with conventional methods due to their bulkiness can be made possible. Furthermore, due to the compared to the stand the pressures according to the invention lower static no existing danger Components that are, for example, in the form of elevations from basement floors or load-bearing Can express walls and in the high-pressure processes according to the prior art is observed.

Furthermore, the invention is based on the surprising finding that the invention Low pressure injection into porous substrates compared to existing high pressure processes offers the possibility of reaching finer structural pores with the injection material. In the Experts believe that the safety and efficiency of an injection measure would increase with increasing application pressure. However, the invention shows that this not the case: Basically, building materials and floors are porous substrates with one each characteristic pore radius distribution. This leads to a pressure injection of Injection material into these substrates initially only partially reached the pores present therein can be, because due to the principle of least coercion (Le Chatelier) first coarse pores and voids are filled and only afterwards (if it is a closed one System acts and the injection measure is maintained long enough) finer Pores are filled. Contrary to prevailing prejudice, it is necessary to ensure that the finer pore space is achieved by the injection measure, the Injection pressure should not be set too high, so that even in pores with a smaller diameter the injection material still flows laminar and not turbulent, which leads to a considerable increase the flow resistance and would lead to a serious loosening of the substrate.

In addition, this results in a lower and therefore less expensive material as well as a better estimate of the material requirements.

Because of the small size of the device according to the invention, simple transport in a car, use in confined spaces and use of the components are also possible during the construction work. Conventional, easily transportable pumps are used as injection pumps which are suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention, in particular the injection of material under pressures of up to 10 bar. Typical dimensions of an embodiment of a pump are 65x45x75 cm ³ (LxWxH). Crack injection pumps, such as those that can be used for the method and the device according to the invention, are in particular those for building repairs and are available from various manufacturers, for example from Polyplan, Gratec, Fesa, Desui etc.

The method described eliminates a requirement that goes beyond what is necessary Loosening of the substrate, for example the subsoil, as is the case with high-pressure processes is observed.

The device according to the invention and the method described also achieved that the sealing material no longer as with conventional veil seals flows uncontrolled away from the borehole in the component into the ground, but specifically at and is placed around the places where sealing is required. It takes place a distribution of the sealing material, especially in the area along the outer wall of the component.

In addition, a directional injection is parallel to the component to be sealed, as is one directional injection into corners and edges.

This is made possible by the deflection device according to the invention, which has different embodiments can assume:

In the case of using a hollow tube as an injection device, the material redirected in that it is due to the closed end of the tube and the built Pressure only find its way through the opening (s) in the side of the pipe can.

In this case, the deflection device is the combination of pipe closure on one End and side openings.

In a modification of the closed tube with side / side opening (s) can targeted introduction also through the additional use of a flexible hose or smaller pipe can be reached, which is inserted through one of the side openings, and through which the material is introduced. Several such hoses are also conceivable and tubes.

The embodiment of the closed tube according to the invention with lateral openings also allows endoscopic inspection of the areas to be sealed through use modern endoscopy technology. To facilitate the inspection, the ones to be examined Surfaces beforehand by using compressed air which passes through the pipe with lateral Openings is pressed, exposed.

Fig. 1

eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, die ein Rohr umfaßt, welches an einem Ende verschlossen ist und im Bereich dieses Endes eine Anzahl von Öffnungen unterschiedlicher Größe, Form oder Anordnung in der Seitenwand aufweist;

Fig. 2

eine Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung, die eine Stange mit am Ende befindlicher Platte umfaßt;

Fig. 3

eine Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung, die mehrere Stangen mit am Ende befindlicher Platte umfaßt;

Fig. 4a+b

eine Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung, die eine Stange mit Umlenkeinrichtung umfaßt, welche ein Schirm-Aufklappprinzip aufweist, wobei der Schirm in nicht-aufgeklapptem Zustand im Bohrloch (Fig. 4a) und in aufgeklapptem Zustand hinter dem Bohrloch (Fig. 4b) dargestellt ist.

Fig. 5a

eine schematische Darstellung eines Injektionsbildes nach den bisherigen, herkömmlichen Verfahren;

Fig. 5b

eine schematische Darstellung eines Injektionsbildes gemäß einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;

Further features and advantages of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:

Fig. 1

an embodiment of the device according to the invention which comprises a tube which is closed at one end and in the region of this end has a number of openings of different size, shape or arrangement in the side wall;

Fig. 2

an embodiment of a device comprising a rod with an end plate;

Fig. 3

an embodiment of a device comprising a plurality of rods with an end plate;

4a + b

An embodiment of a device which comprises a rod with a deflection device, which has a screen opening principle, the screen being shown in the open state in the borehole (FIG. 4a) and in the open state behind the borehole (FIG. 4b).

Fig. 5a

a schematic representation of an injection pattern according to the previous, conventional method;

Fig. 5b

a schematic representation of an injection pattern according to an embodiment of the method according to the invention;

Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention, the pipe 6, which is closed at one end 7, and in the side wall at the closed end there are openings 8 of different sizes, shapes, numbers and arrangement. It is shown how the device must be positioned within the component 1, to ensure a targeted introduction of sealing material through these side wall openings 8. The tube can be flush with the inner wall 9 of the component or in protrude into the interior 10. Outside the component, it must protrude so far into soil 2 that the openings 8 in the side wall of the tube are exposed. By Insert a second tube (not shown), the outside diameter of which Corresponds to the inner diameter of the outer tube, or its inner diameter exactly that Corresponds to the outer diameter of the first tube, part or more of the in Cover openings located end area, so that thereby also the direction of introduction of the Sealing material can be influenced. The inside diameter of the invention Pipe is usually between 5 and 50 mm, but may also be larger or smaller diameters conceivable.

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a device that a Includes rod 11, at the end of which is a plate 12 approximately perpendicular to the rod located. The device is inserted into the borehole so that the plate is outside the Component is positioned in the ground 2 and the sealing material to be introduced along the Rod can flow up to the plate from which it approximates its direction of movement 90 ° changes and now along the outer wall of the component behind the component flows. The material can be introduced into the borehole by means of a dowel or a Tube 13 are facilitated, in which the device according to the invention is inserted. there the length of the pipe or dowel can be variable and is only due to the dimensions of the borehole. As in the previous figure, the length of the invention Device depends on the thickness of the component, but the device is always slightly longer than the component, so that the deflection device is outside at its end of the component can be positioned.

Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a device that several Bars 14 provided with plate 12 comprises. Again, this device can be replaced by a long dowels or pipe 13 are inserted into the borehole. The shown in Figures 2 and 3 Embodiments are distinguished from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the outflow of the material is less obstructed; conversely, the in Figure 1 embodiment shown a larger pressure build-up.

It should be emphasized that the shape of the baffle plate can be variable; circular, oval, rectangular, square, but also individually to the respective circumstances customized shapes. It is also provided that the plate may not be vertical is attached to the rod (s), but rather the longitudinal axis of the rod (s) the surface of the plate forms an angle that is <90 °. This results in the targeted drainage of the material in one direction, in contrast to the vertically attached plate, in which the material moves radially in all directions around the device according to the invention. The device according to the invention shown in FIG. 3 is distinguished from that in FIG 2 device shown by greater stability.

In the embodiments in Figures 2 and 3, the size of the deflection device, i.e. the Plate limited by the dimensions of the borehole, as it can be a maximum of that it can still be placed behind the component through the borehole. This limitation is no longer given in the embodiment shown in Figure 4, in which the as in Figure 2 deflection device 15 attached to a rod, the folding principle of an umbrella Has. This means that a deflection device can be inserted into the borehole, the Area is significantly larger than the area of the borehole. After a forward insertion, indicated by an arrow, the deflection device unfolds into the borehole (FIG. 4a), as with an umbrella, by pulling back the pole, as well as by one Arrow shown, (Fig. 4b). This creates a much larger area behind the borehole covered by the deflection device and thus accessible for sealing material.

FIG. 5a shows an injection pattern as obtained by conventional methods to date becomes. A component 1 is shown, the soil 2 behind it, an injection opening 3 in the component and a device 4 for introducing sealing material 5. It it can clearly be seen that the sealing material 5 largely follows its path looking away from the component and filling up a large volume. Because of irregularities in the substrate, i.e. Cracks or cracks in the ground, it is very possible that Large amounts of sealing material are consumed because of the direction of the material flow cannot be influenced and under certain circumstances a large volume of sealing material disappears in cavities and / or crevices. Such a method in the prior art is costly and labor intensive.

FIG. 5b shows an injection pattern as it is according to an embodiment of the invention Procedure is achieved. Here, the sealing material 5 does not flow like the conventional ones Moving perpendicularly from the component 1 into the substrate 2 behind it, it spreads around the point to be sealed along the outer wall of the component out. Much less material is required, and the total amount of material, costs and Work is easier to estimate.

Depending on the surface to be sealed or the damage pattern, the boreholes or injection openings for introducing the device according to the invention must be set differently. It has been shown that if moisture penetrates through cracks in the component, the drill holes are made at a distance of approximately 10 to 50 cm following the course of the crack. On the other hand, a grid pattern in which the individual distances between the boreholes are 20 to 50 cm is preferred in the case of extensive moisturizations.
In the case of leaky connections, for example water pipes, the drill holes are made in a circular manner around the pipe.

Metal or plastic have proven to be particularly suitable materials for the invention in proven their various embodiments. This applies to the pipe, the rod (s) as well the deflection device in its various embodiments. The hoses used are preferably made of rubber or another elastic plastic.

Claims (4)

1. A device for introducing materials behind structural parts, comprising

   a) an injection device for injecting materials in the longitudinal direction of the injection device and

   b) a deflecting device for deflecting the direction of movement of the materials in the exit zone of the materials from the injection device, the injection device comprising a tube (6),

      characterised in that the deflecting device comprises a closure for the tube at its one end (7) of the tube and in that the device comprises at least one opening (8) in the side wall in the end zone where the closure is situated.
2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the deflecting device comprises openings (8) all round.
3. A device according to claim 2, characterised in that the tube (6) is so connected to a second tube that the second tube covers a part of the openings (8) situated in the side wall of the first tube (6).
4. A device according to claims 2 - 3, characterised in that at least one flexible device in the form of a hose or tube is passed through the openings (8) situated in the side wall.

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