EP0978388A2 - Dispositif pour faire sècher de l'encre d'impression - Google Patents

Dispositif pour faire sècher de l'encre d'impression Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0978388A2
EP0978388A2 EP99115387A EP99115387A EP0978388A2 EP 0978388 A2 EP0978388 A2 EP 0978388A2 EP 99115387 A EP99115387 A EP 99115387A EP 99115387 A EP99115387 A EP 99115387A EP 0978388 A2 EP0978388 A2 EP 0978388A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
print image
printing
heat source
drying
ink
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99115387A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0978388A3 (fr
EP0978388B1 (fr
Inventor
Max Matti
Christian Florin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ARSENCO AG
Original Assignee
Matti Technology GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matti Technology GmbH filed Critical Matti Technology GmbH
Publication of EP0978388A2 publication Critical patent/EP0978388A2/fr
Publication of EP0978388A3 publication Critical patent/EP0978388A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0978388B1 publication Critical patent/EP0978388B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J11/00Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form
    • B41J11/0015Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form for treating before, during or after printing or for uniform coating or laminating the copy material before or after printing
    • B41J11/002Curing or drying the ink on the copy materials, e.g. by heating or irradiating
    • B41J11/0021Curing or drying the ink on the copy materials, e.g. by heating or irradiating using irradiation
    • B41J11/00216Curing or drying the ink on the copy materials, e.g. by heating or irradiating using irradiation using infrared [IR] radiation or microwaves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for Drying of printing ink or ink according to the generic term of Claim 1 and a drying process that a Printing process of applying the printing ink a suitably designed printing unit is connected downstream and fixed the printed image by drying these media.
  • Such a drying process traditionally takes place as downstream step of the printing process using heated Rolls over which the printed image carrier in the form of Paper, foil or the like out, or it will be over large format Radiant heaters applied heat radiation.
  • the drying speed that can be achieved limited due to the dimensioning and design of the Heat source, and in particular its ability within a short amount of heat to the print image carrier bring.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates in the schematic sectional view a generic device from the prior art.
  • a printed image carrier 10 in the present case a paper sheet, is with a selectively applied printed image 12 (Printing, for example, using an inkjet process) provided, for drying the printed image with full line of infrared emitted by an infrared radiator 14 or heat radiation 16 is applied.
  • Print for example, using an inkjet process
  • the line-shaped drying of Fig. 1 - in the form of a Line extends transversely to the feed direction of the print image carrier the continuous heat radiator - enables an acceleration of the process, e.g. by higher Drying temperatures with which the print image carrier acts becomes.
  • Heating for example, by a heated one Transport role
  • FIG. 10 and 11 illustrate the example of a point unprinted carrier paper (Fig. 10) or a printed one Place (Fig. 11), as is, depending on the irradiation time, temperature and vapor pressure on or in Develop carriers.
  • the reference symbol is shown 18 the temperature profile and the reference number 20 the vapor pressure curve on or in the printed image carrier 10 and in Print image 12.
  • the energy input takes place in the direction of arrow 22 using full-line (broad) infrared radiation; the Arrow 24 shows (arrow size proportional to the respective Energy) the absorption in the carrier or in the printed image. Only a very small amount of energy (arrow 26) is from Carrier transmits and occurs at the opposite of the radiation Page again.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore a generic Device for drying printing ink or Develop ink to make both shorter Drying times, so higher printing speeds with continuous operation, can be made possible without the print carrier being adversely affected. Also are intended to be energy efficient and universal for a wide variety of Print image carriers, including thermosensitive print image carriers, be significantly increased or broadened.
  • the task is accomplished by the device with the features of claim 1 and the method according to the claim 14 solved.
  • Pressure device means any device that is suitable is one that requires subsequent heat drying Apply printing ink to a print carrier; next to the Inkjet printers mentioned by way of example belong to this for example also pen plotters, thermal transfer printers or the like. Devices.
  • the heat source is a point Emits beam
  • the print image carrier is small compared to the printed image carrier and usually around a minimum line width of one is adapted to the respective printed image, but also smaller or can be bigger.
  • such devices are also encompassed by the invention, in which a Printing lying, unprinted carrier areas from one applied, controlled heat radiation.
  • a control unit for the printing device such as a computer, generates a printed image to be evaluated directly as an electronic data signal and the print image data based on their position the printed image carrier the surface sections to be heated (Points) correspond directly to corresponding position data the heat source positioning device.
  • page-oriented printer languages such as Postscript, PDF, HTML or the like should be a good basis for this offer, so that when such, readout unit provided in accordance with further training which at Scanning device described in the aforementioned embodiment can be omitted.
  • the drying effect triggering infrared radiation with regard to performance Setting the radiation spectrum and pulse frequency so that depending on a particular ink or ink, here an optimum drying is achieved. So in particular a pulsed radiation with a pulse frequency ⁇ 20 KHz with energy output ⁇ 2 watts as particularly suitable for conventional Proven inkjet printer.
  • a heat radiator use different illuminants or spot types:
  • Lamps which - for the purpose of improved Adjustment or setup - also spectral components in the have visible area.
  • Such lights can then with suitable focus means, for example one Concave mirror and / or optical lens unit, for pinpoint accuracy Generation of heat radiation can be provided.
  • suitable focus means for example one Concave mirror and / or optical lens unit, for pinpoint accuracy Generation of heat radiation can be provided.
  • a laser in particular offers the advantage of one extremely responsive control and focus speed, so there is practically no delay due to each Alignment of the lamps is done.
  • a so-called high-power flash lamp as a radiation source to use, or again a full line Spotlight consisting of a plurality of arranged side by side Single radiators, which are only selective and can be controlled depending on a print image.
  • a such an arrangement increases the drying speed that can be achieved further.
  • the present invention is advantageously suitable for use with a variety of possible image carriers.
  • Next Common paper, coated or uncoated, is therefore in particular also thermal paper can be used; add cardboard boxes, Plastics, plastic films, textile substrates or the like.
  • the device according to the invention and the inventive method for drying printing ink or ink achieves that - in contrast to the known State of the art - the energy input to the concrete Print image is limited and so with regard to necessary Energy consumption as well as undesirable burden on the unprinted carrier areas are optimized.
  • the print carrier 28 can either be a continuous, Endless bearer, or a sheet which is guided in the direction of arrow 32.
  • a suitably trained control unit 34 such as a PC
  • a printhead 36 known and not shown printing device the printed image on the paper support 28 according to the electronic Control signals from the computer.
  • a sensor receives one, for example line-by-line scanner the print image and in turn converts this into corresponding signals; such scanner heads or scanner strips are as such also known from the prior art and react usually on the different light reflection from unprinted or printed areas.
  • directable heat source 40 in response to that scanned printed image patterns by the unit 38 thereupon becomes a control signal in the control unit 34 for a movable or transverse to the feed direction 32 directable heat source 40, in the present case by realizes a pulsed laser, generates, and synchronized to Printing by printhead 36, only delayed by that Runtime between printhead and heat source 40, this runs the print image in an energy and temperature optimized manner to selectively only the printed, still moist Apply heat to surfaces to dry them.
  • step S1 unprinted paper fed, printed in step S2.
  • Printing takes place by control by means of control unit 34.
  • step S3 the printed carrier is scanned by means of a sensor unit 38; whose sensor signal is on the control unit 34 at.
  • the control unit 34 then activates the positionable Heat source 40, whereupon this in step S4 selectively and depending on the print image heated the print carrier, to make the print image more energy-efficient and time-optimized dry.
  • step S5 the dried print carrier moves from the plant.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 analogous to the illustration to the prior art according to FIGS. 11 and 12 - explained should be how energetically and absorption technically the procedure according to the invention has an advantageous effect, is intended to continue with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 be described in detail what physical processes when energy input by infrared radiation in the printed or unprinted paper.
  • Arrow 42 in Fig. 3 shows the energy impulse that with the the printed sheet 12 provided carrier sheet 10 applied becomes. While arrow 44 reflected that from the printing Clarifies energy, arrow 46 shows the reflection from the unprinted paper surface. Absorption in the printing ink takes place by means of arrow 48, in the unprinted Area by means of arrow 50. In the carrier material 10 comes it then leads to capillary or chemical influences; Heat conduction also takes place along arrows 52. Transmitted energy passes along arrows 54 (through Carrier plus printing) or 56 (carrier only) while Arrow 58 shows the vapor pressure.
  • arrows 60 and 62 show the pulse-shaped in FIG Energy input in the printing (60) or in the unprinted Paper surface (62) with associated absorption 64 or 66. Reflected energy is indicated by the reference numerals 68 displayed while the transmitted energy signal 70 on the opposite side of the entry point from the Carrier material emerges.
  • FIGS. 1/2 Incandescent lamp unit 72 as a central illuminant a tungsten filament 74, the concave mirror in the center of one 76 is arranged and an upstream Pulse generator 78 acted on with pulse-shaped control signals becomes.
  • 7 with schematically drawn Radiation path shows the radiation of the incandescent lamp unit 72, partly in the optically visible, partly in Infrared lies, punctiform on the one with printing 12 provided section focused on the carrier 10.
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 8 sees one in pulse operation operable laser 80, which is an i.w. parallel, emitted beam 82 with infrared portion focused on the printed section 12 at a point.
  • the respective positioning units are not shown - either mechanical or electronic - the units 7 and 8 on respective punctiform sections of the Align the printed image.
  • this invention it is also possible not only to use a single, to implement a spotlight unit, but rather these from a plurality of along to design a row of arranged units. Through selective Control individual elements of this line accordingly one to be dried underneath The positioning effort could then be reduced and potentially the drying rate can be increased further.
  • variable feed rate a relative movement between the heat source and to provide printed image carriers, depending on how high a current print image density (and thus a number of points to be dried).

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
EP99115387A 1998-08-04 1999-08-04 Dispositif pour faire sècher de l'encre d'impression Expired - Lifetime EP0978388B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19835046 1998-08-04
DE19835046A DE19835046B4 (de) 1998-08-04 1998-08-04 Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Druckfarbe oder Tinte

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0978388A2 true EP0978388A2 (fr) 2000-02-09
EP0978388A3 EP0978388A3 (fr) 2000-07-19
EP0978388B1 EP0978388B1 (fr) 2005-02-23

Family

ID=7876319

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99115387A Expired - Lifetime EP0978388B1 (fr) 1998-08-04 1999-08-04 Dispositif pour faire sècher de l'encre d'impression

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0978388B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19835046B4 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE20112420U1 (de) * 2001-07-30 2002-12-19 Weidmueller Interface Gerät zum Bedrucken von Markierern
EP1306223A2 (fr) * 2001-10-26 2003-05-02 Hewlett-Packard Company Imprimante ayant une capacité précise à sècher l'encre et procédé pour assembler ladite imprimante
EP1245395A3 (fr) * 2001-03-27 2005-01-19 Leica Microsystems Nussloch GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour imprimer sur des cassettes ou des supports d'objets pour des préparations histologiques
EP1930169A1 (fr) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-11 Agfa Graphics N.V. Procédé de rectification pour un appareil d'impression à jet d'encre
WO2008068211A1 (fr) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-12 Agfa Graphics Nv Procédé de durcissement pour appareil d'impression à jet d'encre
EP2067620A3 (fr) * 2007-12-07 2009-07-01 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG Procédé pour sécher une matière imprimée en polychromie
EP1961576A3 (fr) * 2007-02-22 2011-04-27 Seiko Epson Corporation Imprimante à jet d'encre

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10038897B4 (de) * 2000-08-09 2006-03-02 Advanced Photonics Technologies Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Tintenstrahldrucken
WO2013006158A1 (fr) 2011-07-01 2013-01-10 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Appareil de traitement, appareil de formation d'image et articles manufacturés
DE102016204547A1 (de) 2016-03-18 2017-09-21 Koenig & Bauer Ag Verfahren zur Konfigurierung einer Trocknereinrichtung in einer Druckmaschine und eine Druckmaschine
DE102016204549B4 (de) * 2016-03-18 2018-05-03 Koenig & Bauer Ag Verfahren zur Konfigurierung einer Trocknereinrichtung in einer Wertpapierdruckmaschine und eine Druckmaschine
DE102018100815A1 (de) 2018-01-16 2019-07-18 Océ Holding B.V. Verfahren und Fixiereinheit zur Fixierung von Druckbildern auf einem Aufzeichnungsträger

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54107735A (en) * 1978-02-10 1979-08-23 Ricoh Co Ltd Ink jet recorder
JPS61209163A (ja) * 1985-03-13 1986-09-17 Sharp Corp インクジエツトプリンタ
US5349905A (en) * 1992-03-24 1994-09-27 Xerox Corporation Method and apparatus for controlling peak power requirements of a printer
JPH08174812A (ja) * 1994-12-26 1996-07-09 Canon Inc 記録装置およびインクジェットカートリッジ

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69009229T2 (de) * 1989-02-28 1995-02-02 Canon Kk Tintenstrahlaufzeichnungsgerät.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54107735A (en) * 1978-02-10 1979-08-23 Ricoh Co Ltd Ink jet recorder
JPS61209163A (ja) * 1985-03-13 1986-09-17 Sharp Corp インクジエツトプリンタ
US5349905A (en) * 1992-03-24 1994-09-27 Xerox Corporation Method and apparatus for controlling peak power requirements of a printer
JPH08174812A (ja) * 1994-12-26 1996-07-09 Canon Inc 記録装置およびインクジェットカートリッジ

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 003, no. 131 (E-148), 31. Oktober 1979 (1979-10-31) & JP 54 107735 A (RICOH CO LTD), 23. August 1979 (1979-08-23) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 011, no. 044 (M-560), 10. Februar 1987 (1987-02-10) & JP 61 209163 A (SHARP CORP), 17. September 1986 (1986-09-17) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 11, 29. November 1996 (1996-11-29) & JP 08 174812 A (CANON INC), 9. Juli 1996 (1996-07-09) *

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1245395A3 (fr) * 2001-03-27 2005-01-19 Leica Microsystems Nussloch GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour imprimer sur des cassettes ou des supports d'objets pour des préparations histologiques
DE20112420U1 (de) * 2001-07-30 2002-12-19 Weidmueller Interface Gerät zum Bedrucken von Markierern
EP1306223A2 (fr) * 2001-10-26 2003-05-02 Hewlett-Packard Company Imprimante ayant une capacité précise à sècher l'encre et procédé pour assembler ladite imprimante
EP1306223A3 (fr) * 2001-10-26 2003-11-12 Hewlett-Packard Company Imprimante ayant une capacité précise à sècher l'encre et procédé pour assembler ladite imprimante
EP1930169A1 (fr) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-11 Agfa Graphics N.V. Procédé de rectification pour un appareil d'impression à jet d'encre
WO2008068211A1 (fr) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-12 Agfa Graphics Nv Procédé de durcissement pour appareil d'impression à jet d'encre
EP1961576A3 (fr) * 2007-02-22 2011-04-27 Seiko Epson Corporation Imprimante à jet d'encre
EP2067620A3 (fr) * 2007-12-07 2009-07-01 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG Procédé pour sécher une matière imprimée en polychromie
US8326183B2 (en) 2007-12-07 2012-12-04 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Method for drying printed material
US8699921B2 (en) 2007-12-07 2014-04-15 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Method for drying printed material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0978388A3 (fr) 2000-07-19
EP0978388B1 (fr) 2005-02-23
DE19835046B4 (de) 2008-01-24
DE19835046A1 (de) 2000-02-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE69828212T2 (de) Tintenstrahlaufzeichnungsgerät und Fixier-Heizelement für solch ein Gerät
EP0978388B1 (fr) Dispositif pour faire sècher de l'encre d'impression
EP0759582B1 (fr) Procédé pour le transfert de l'encre et dispositif et machines pour exécuter ce procédé
EP1591246B1 (fr) Dispositif pour délivrer de l'énergie rayonnante sur un support d'impression
EP1302735B1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé pour délivrer de l'énergie rayonnante sur un support d'impression dans une machine d'impression planographique
DE60031607T2 (de) Verfahren für Hochqualitätstintenstrahldruck mit wässeriger Tinte auf gewöhnlichem Papier mit hohen Druckgeschwindigkeiten
DE102007058957A1 (de) Verfahren zum Trocknen von bedrucktem Material
EP1466731B1 (fr) Procédé pour sécher l'encre sur un matériau imprimé dans une machine à imprimer et machine à imprimer
DE3642204A1 (de) Tintenstrahlschreiber
EP0253300A1 (fr) Imprimante à transfert thermique
EP2258553A1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé de séchage de couleur sur un substrat imprimé
DE10038897B4 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Tintenstrahldrucken
DE4118645A1 (de) Tintendruckeinrichtung mit einer in abhaengigkeit von einer lokalen tintentroepfchenanhaeufung gesteuerten tintentrocknungseinrichtung
DE69824941T2 (de) Verfahren zur Korrektur von Unregelmässigkeiten in der Dichte und Bildaufzeichnungsgerät mit diesem Verfahren
EP3281800A1 (fr) Imprimante à jet d'encre comprenant au moins deux têtes d'impression à jet d'encre
DE102011089184A1 (de) Verfahren und System zum Zuordnen von Farbwerten zu Primärfarben und Sekundärfarben für die Farberzeugung in einem Tintenstrahldrucker
WO2009129795A1 (fr) Système de prise de vue et de colorimétrie
EP1593513B1 (fr) Dispositif à imprimer avec au moins deux feuilles colorées et porteuses de substance d'impression
DE19615050A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufzeichnen auf einem Thermomedium
DE10142636B4 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Detektion einer Position einer bewegten Bedruckstoffbahn
DE102005037498A1 (de) Qualitätskontrollsystem für eine Druckmaschine
DE2926629A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bestimmung von soll-werten fuer die insbesondere automatische voreinstellung von druckmaschinen
DE102007060022B4 (de) Verfahren zur Regelung der Wärmeabgabe an einen Bedruckstoff in einer Fixierstation eines elektrografischen Druck- oder Kopiergeräts
EP1567344B1 (fr) Machines a imprimer presentant au moins un support d'encre
DE102020128616A1 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Bedrucken eines Bedruckstoffs mit einem Druckgerät

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): FI FR GB

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20010115

AKX Designation fees paid

Free format text: FI FR GB

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): FI FR GB

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 20050523

RAP2 Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred)

Owner name: ARSENCO AG

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: TP

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20051124

ET Fr: translation filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Payment date: 20091214

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20091210

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20091221

Year of fee payment: 11

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20100804

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20110502

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100804

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100831

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100804