EP0975440B1 - Appareil a transmettre des ondes ultrasonores a un milieu liquide ou pateux - Google Patents

Appareil a transmettre des ondes ultrasonores a un milieu liquide ou pateux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0975440B1
EP0975440B1 EP98922766A EP98922766A EP0975440B1 EP 0975440 B1 EP0975440 B1 EP 0975440B1 EP 98922766 A EP98922766 A EP 98922766A EP 98922766 A EP98922766 A EP 98922766A EP 0975440 B1 EP0975440 B1 EP 0975440B1
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Prior art keywords
resonator
longitudinal
shaped
hollow chamber
transducer
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EP98922766A
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German (de)
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EP0975440A1 (fr
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Vladimir Abramov
Oleg Abramov
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Tech Sonic Gesellschaft fur Ultraschall-Technologie Mbh
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Tech Sonic Gesellschaft fur Ultraschall-Technologie Mbh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for coupling ultrasound in a liquid or pasty medium and with the other, mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, generic characteristics.
  • Such a thing Device is the subject of its own, not previously published Patent application (DE 195 39 195 A1).
  • a known device of a similar type (US-PS 4,016,436) is a one-sided to a tubular cavity resonator attached waveguide provided the by means of a piezoelectric transducer, which in turn AC electrical output signals AC generator in longitudinal mechanical Converts vibrations to resonant longitudinal ones Vibrations can be excited.
  • This transducer is mechanical firmly in a flange-shaped area of the same the cavity resonator is acoustically coupled.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to design a Specify the device mentioned above, the one cheap results in high transmission efficiency, and after once it is laid out, not, at least not worth mentioning Reworking is required to get to an operation be designed with optimal efficiency can, in particular a device with a predetermined Design with a near optimal efficiency lying efficiency works.
  • This task is accomplished by designing the cavity resonator according to the characteristic features of the Claim 1 solved.
  • a resulting deviation in the resonator length L from relation (A) can be relatively small so that the inventive interpretation versus the relationship (A) only a corresponding minor improvement results, but can also in practical cases almost 40% of the result obtainable from relationship (A) deviate so that, compared to such Case, the interpretation of the invention is a much better one Result.
  • the cavity resonator is designed according to the invention Interpretation of its length L, its outer diameter D and its wall thickness a very precise match achieved on the resonance conditions.
  • a fluid coolant can be flushed and in this case advantageous for the ultrasonic treatment of molten metals used to be in the cooled, "hard", condition of the treated material as fine and to achieve homogeneous grain size.
  • the design of the device according to the features of the claim 7 gives the advantage of being largely homogeneous Distribution of the ultrasound energy radiated into a material to be treated.
  • a device is designated by 10 in total, by means of its ultrasound in a frequency range of 5 to 50 kHz in a fluid medium 11 that is fluid or pasty or also fluid-like, e.g. fine-grained powder form can be coupled.
  • the device includes a transducer designated as a total of 12, the in the form of an alternating voltage or alternating current Electrical energy offered in (ultra) sound power implements, through which a total designated 13 Waveguide system for forced longitudinal vibrations, i.e. Vibrations, their deflections towards the central longitudinal axis 14 of the device 10, is stimulated, the amplitude curve dotted by the dash-dotted line drawn distribution curve 16 of Fig.
  • the waveguide system 13 and one with this acoustically coupled cavity resonator 17 reproduced is, in turn, by the longitudinal Shrinkage of the waveguide system 13 to longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic vibrations will, i.e. also to shrinkage of the resonator jacket 18, the deflections radially with respect to the central longitudinal axis 14 of the device 10.
  • the cavity resonator 17 is designed that he is both in terms of longitudinal and also with regard to the transverse natural vibrations its essentially in the illustrated embodiment, i.e. along most of its length L, cylindrical-tubular trained jacket 18 of the resonance condition enough.
  • the transducer 12 as a magnetostrictive transducer of a known design is formed, the only schematically indicated Vibrating body 21 by energizing his also only schematically indicated field winding system 22 in time with that provided by an AC generator 23 Alternating current to the ultrasonic vibrations is excited.
  • the vibrating body 21 of the Transducers 12 is in the sense of a strong vibration coupling firmly arranged with a truncated cone Concentrator 24 of the waveguide system 13 connected, which in turn, e.g.
  • a screw connection 26 firmly with another, basic cylindrical also acts as a concentrator waveguide 27 is coupled to the cavity resonator 12 firmly connected in the sense of a strong acoustic coupling is, this connection by means of a not specially illustrated thread can be realized.
  • the vibrating body 21 of the transducer which with this connected concentrator 24 and the further cylindrical Waveguide 27 of the waveguide system 13 and the Cavity resonator 17 are at the same mechanical resonance frequencies designed to the frequency of the Powering the field winding system 22 of the transducer 12 used AC is matched by the Generator 23 is supplied.
  • This vote corresponds to the Longitudinal axis 14 measured length of the vibrating body 21 of the Transducers 12 an integer multiple of half Wavelength of longitudinal acoustic shrinkage in the magnetostrictive transducer material.
  • Design of the vibrating body 21 corresponds to this Length of half the wavelength of its resonant longitudinal Self-oscillation.
  • Concentrator 24 usually corresponds to that half the wavelength of its longitudinal resonant natural vibration, which, because of the material dependence of the Speed of sound, can have a value other than the resonance wavelength in the vibrating body 21 of the transducer.
  • the axial length of the second waveguide 27 or concentrator of the waveguide system 13 also corresponds to half the resonance wavelength in the waveguide material.
  • This second wave concentrator 27 has over its entire length, apart from a radial outer flange 28 which is only slightly extended in the axial direction and which is provided for fixing the waveguide system 13 and the cavity resonator 17 to a reactor vessel 29 which contains the fluid medium 11, the same outer diameter D 0 , which also corresponds to the outer diameter of the cavity resonator 17.
  • the second "cylindrical" shaft concentrator 27 is on the side facing the first concentrator 24 as “Solid” cylinder formed and on its the cavity resonator 17 facing side pot-shaped, the thickness ⁇ of the cylindrical pot shell 31 of the second wave concentrator 27 equal to the thickness of the cylindrical Resonator sheath 28 is.
  • the mounting flange 28 in a node plane of the longitudinal acoustic shrinkage arranged over the second wave concentrator 27 in the cavity 17 can be coupled, which thereby both to longitudinal as well as resonant to transverse vibrations is stimulated by the effect of ultrasound treatment of the fluid medium 11 takes place.
  • the cavity resonator 17 is closed hemispherical shell-shaped at its remote from the transducer 12 end, with the outer radius R C of this resonator statements the value D 0/2 and the thickness ⁇ of this spherical shell shaped resonator statements 32 to the thickness ⁇ of the cylinder-jacket-shaped portion 18 'of the Resonatormantels 18 corresponds.
  • f r denotes the "resonance" frequency to which the cavity resonator 17 should be designed. It is generally determined by the frequency of the alternator 23 at which it operates most effectively.
  • C 1R denotes the speed of sound in the material from which the cavity resonates.
  • E denotes the Young's modulus of elasticity of the resonator material
  • D the Poisson's transverse contraction coefficient of the resonator material
  • ⁇ R the density of the resonator material
  • C lr denotes the speed of sound in the resonator material
  • C L the speed of sound in the "load” medium subjected to the ultrasound treatment
  • ⁇ L the density of the medium to be treated 11.
  • the first two equations (6/1) and (6/2) form a transcendent system of equations for the functions a 1 (y) and a 2 (y), in which the known Bessel functions with J n and the also known Neumann with N n functions are designated. These functions J n and N n each have the variable a 1 , a 2 or y as an argument with which they can be used by the other functions ⁇ (x, Z n ), ⁇ (x, Z n ) and q (x, Z n ) are linked. In these relationships, "x” stands for the possible variables a 1 , a 2 or y and Z n for the respective cylinder functions, namely the Bessel functions J n or the Neumann functions N n .
  • C is given by the relationship (6/14), in which C 1R denotes the speed of sound of the longitudinal vibrations in the resonator and C t the speed of sound of the transverse ultrasonic vibrations in the resonator.
  • This "transverse" speed of sound in turn satisfies the relationship (6/15), in which ⁇ R denotes the density of the resonator material, E its Young's modulus of elasticity and ⁇ the Posson's transverse contraction constant of the resonator material.
  • the relationship (6/6) indicates wave numbers k 1 and k t of the longitudinal and transverse vibrations of the resonator at the resonator frequency f r .
  • the ultrasound source designated overall by 35, consists of a plurality of cavity resonators which are arranged along a common central longitudinal axis 14' and are firmly connected to one another.
  • the cylindrical shell 18' of which is provided with the mounting flange 28 for external fastening to the reactor vessel 29, which is only indicated schematically, and in an “inner” cavity resonator 17, which is, as it were, arranged within the reactor vessel and at shown, special embodiment has the same shape as the cavity resonator 17 explained with reference to FIG. 1, several identically designed cavity resonators 17 '' are provided as intermediate elements, of which only one is shown for the sake of simplicity.
  • These “intermediate” cavity resonators 17 ′′ are pot-shaped in their basic shape with a stable base 36 of the thickness L B and a tubular-cylindrical jacket 18 ′. All resonators 17, 17 'and 17''have the same length L, the same thicknesses ⁇ of their cylindrical jacket sections and the same outer diameter D 0 , in accordance with the design criteria explained using the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the base thickness L B being small versus the length L must be selected, which is sufficient as a design criterion in this regard (eg: L B ⁇ L / 10).
  • the ultrasound source 35 is at the bottom 36 of each of the Intermediate resonators 17 ′′, designated 42 in total Ultrasonic transducer coupled. Even the inner one Cavity resonator 17 of the device 10 'is through a Bottom plate 36 completed, on which the neighboring Pot-shaped cavity resonator 17 '' Transducer 42 is coupled.
  • the device 10 ′ according to FIG. 2 acts as a transducer 42 expediently uses piezoelectric transducers, the as an electromechanical voltage-vibration converter a merely schematically indicated, with a total of 44 have designated piezoelectric column by driving with an AC voltage too in the direction of central longitudinal axis 14 'extending "thickness" shrinkage, i.e.
  • the device 10 is in particular for an ultrasound treatment suitable for liquid media in reactor vessels 29, which have a relatively large depth and medium in corresponding large "layer" thickness included.
  • the cavity resonator 17 a has the basic shape of a cylindrical tube which has a constant wall thickness ⁇ , the outer diameter D 0 and a length L selected according to the relationship (1) over the major part of its length.
  • the cavity resonator 17 a is provided with outer, flange-shaped ring ribs 47, the radial height h and those measured in the direction of the longitudinal axis "Axial" thickness 1 are small compared to the outer diameter D 0 or the axial distance L / 2 of the ring ribs 47 from one another.
  • "Small” here means a fraction around 1/10.
  • ring ribs 47 which in the longitudinal sectional view 3a shows a rectangular contour with two have circular peripheral edges 48, in particular in the area of these edges 48, a more intense Cavitation bubble formation in a liquid to be treated achieved and thus an improvement in treatment efficiency.
  • R 0 denotes the mean radius of the jacket 55 of the cavity resonator 17 e
  • ⁇ R the amplitude of the radius change
  • z 0 the period length of the spatial radius variations of the resonator outer surface 56, viewed in the direction of the central z -Axis 54.
  • the minimum value of the radius R (z) given by the relationship (7) must be greater than the radius R i of the inner lateral surface of the cavity resonator 17 e .
  • the cavity resonator 17b according to FIG. 3b has an extent of the cylindrical symmetry deviating design, as the central longitudinal axis 57 of its through cylindrical bore 58 is arranged off-axis with respect to the central longitudinal axis 59 of the outer cylindrical surface 61, so that the resonator jacket 64 only with respect to both the central longitudinal axis 57 of the resonator cavity 62 and the central longitudinal axis 59 of its longitudinal central plane 63 containing its outer lateral surface 61 is also symmetrical.
  • This cooling system 70 includes a central one Longitudinal axis 14 of the cavity resonator 17 coaxial inflow tube 71, the 72 via a supply channel Waveguide 27 can be connected to a coolant source 73 and is also provided on the waveguide 27 Drain channel 75, via the cooling medium from the resonator cavity 62 Flow back to the coolant source can.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
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Claims (15)

  1. Appareil à transmettre des ondes ultrasonores dans un milieu liquide ou pâteux, comportant
    a) un générateur de tension alternative dimensionné pour des fréquences comprises entre 1 kHz et 100 kHz,
    b) un transducteur magnétostrictif ou piézoélectrique, excitable en oscillations mécaniques longitudinales à haute fréquence par la tension alternative de sortie du générateur,
    c) un guide d'ondes en forme de barre cylindrique, excitable en oscillations longitudinales de résonance par le transducteur et
    d) un résonateur à cavité tubulaire, couplé acoustiquement avec le guide d'ondes, qui convertit les oscillations longitudinales de résonance en oscillations transversales par rapport à son axe longitudinal, dont l'énergie d'oscillation peut être transmise dans le milieu à traiter avec les ultrasons,
    e) le résonateur à cavité tubulaire étant dimensionné de telle manière qu'il satisfait à la condition de résonance pour des oscillations propres aussi bien longitudinales que transversales de son enveloppe,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    la longueur L du résonateur, son diamètre extérieur D0 et l'épaisseur δ de sa paroi (18 ; 62) sont coordonnés selon les relations L = C1R 2fr n(1 - ΔL1 + 1 + ΔL );n = 1,2,3,... D0 = Clr πfr + (1 + ΔD) L ≤ δ(D0 - δ)·C1R ·ρR D0ρLCL dans lesquelles C1R désigne la vitesse du son des oscillations ultrasonores longitudinales dans le matériau du résonateur à cavité (17 ; 17'), laquelle est donnée par la relation
    Figure 00410001
    où
    CL
    est la vitesse du son dans le matériau de charge exposé au rayonnement ultrasonore,
    ρR
    le poids spécifique du matériau du résonateur,
    ρL
    le poids spécifique du matériau de charge,
    E
    le module d'élasticité de Young,
    ν
    la constante de contraction transversale de Poisson du matériau du résonateur et
    fr
    la fréquence de résonance du résonateur à cavité (17 ; 17'), les grandeurs ΔL et ΔD satisfaisant aux relations
    ΔL = a2 a2 - (1 + ΔD)2 et ΔD = b2 - a2 c2 - 1 -1 dans lesquelles a et b désignent les coordonnées du point d'intersection de deux fonctions a1(y) et a2(y) selon la relation a1(b) = a2(b) = a, qui sont données sous forme implicite par les relations : ξ(a1,Jn)β(a1) + µ(a1,Nn)(1 - G(a1)) - µ(y,Jn)G(a1) + µ(y,Nn) = 0 q(a2,Jn)β(a2) + q(a2,Nn)(1-G(a2)) - κt(a2)κ1(a2) [q(y,Jn)G(a2) - q(y,Nn)] = 0 κ2 1(x) = k2 1 - k2(x) κ2 1(x) = k2 1 - k2(x) k2(x) = k2 1κ2(x) kl,t = 2πfr C1R,t κ2(x) = (1 - 2ν)(b2 - x2) - x2 (1 - 2ν)(b2 - x2) ξ(x,Zn) = Zn+1(x) - ν2x(n + 1)(1 - ν) Zn(x) q(x,Zn) = dZn+1(x)dx - (n + 1)x ·Zn+1(x)
    Figure 00430001
    wit: ϑ(x = a1 oder a2) = 1; ϑ(x = y) = c2 G(x) = G1(x,Nn)G1(x,Jn) Gt(x,Zn) = µ(x,Jn)[ξ(y,Zn) + ξ(x,Nn)] - ξ(x,Jn)[µ(y,Zn) + µ(x,Nn)] C = C1R Ct C2 t = E2ρR(1 + ν) où Ct désigne la vitesse du son des ondes ultrasonores transversales.
  2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le résonateur à cavité (17) présente sur toute sa longueur, ou sur au moins la majeure partie de sa longueur, la forme d'un tube intérieurement et extérieurement cylindrique qui, à son extrémité éloignée du transducteur, est pourvu d'une terminaison ayant de préférence la forme d'une calotte hémisphérique (32).
  3. Appareil selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'espace intérieur du résonateur à cavité (17) peut être rincé avec un fluide de refroidissement.
  4. Appareil selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que l'amenée du fluide de refroidissement dans la cavité du résonateur s'effectue via un tube capillaire central, coaxial à l'axe longitudinal (14), dont l'embouchure se situe à proximité de la terminaison du résonateur (32), et que le retour du fluide de refroidissement s'effectue via un canal d'évacuation situé dans le bloc guide d'ondes du transducteur.
  5. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que le résonateur (17a ; 17e) est pourvu de nervures annulaires (47) sur son côté extérieur, au moins dans les zones de fortes amplitudes d'élongation dans la direction d'oscillation longitudinale.
  6. Appareil selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que les nervures annulaires (47) ont la forme de brides radiales avec des arêtes (48) périphériques à angles vifs, l'extension radiale h de ces nervures annulaires étant petite par rapport au diamètre extérieur D0 du corps de base tubulaire du résonateur (17a) et l'épaisseur axiale 1 de ces nervures étant petite par rapport à la valeur L/2 (pour n = 1).
  7. Appareil selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que le rayon extérieur R(z) du résonateur à cavité (17e) répond à la relation
    Figure 00440001
    dans laquelle R0 désigne le rayon moyen de l'enveloppe de résonateur (55), δR l'amplitude de la variation de rayon et z0 la longueur de période de la variation de rayon, vue dans la direction de l'axe longitudinal central du résonateur (54).
  8. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que le résonateur (17a ; 17e) présente au moins une nervure extérieure en forme de spirale (49 ; 53) dont l'extension radiale est petite par rapport au diamètre extérieur D0.
  9. Appareil selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que plusieurs nervures extérieures en forme de spirale (53) sont prévues, à la manière d'un filetage multiple, sur l'enveloppe de résonateur.
  10. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, 8 ou 9, caractérisé par le fait que l'axe longitudinal central (57) de l'espace intérieur cylindrique (58) du résonateur à cavité (17b) est excentré par rapport à l'axe longitudinal central (59) de sa surface d'enveloppe extérieure radiale (61) ou de la surface enveloppante cylindrique de sa structure extérieure (47 ; 49 ; 52 ; 53 ; 56).
  11. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé par le fait qu'au moins trois résonateurs à cavité (17, 17" et 17') de même longueur L, de même diamètre extérieur D0 et de même fréquence de résonance Fr sont réunis en une disposition coaxiale le long d'un axe longitudinal central, en fort couplage acoustique avec une source d'ultrasons globalement en forme de barre (35), au sein de laquelle sont disposés, à l'intérieur des éléments de résonateur (17', 17"), des transducteurs (42) qui sont couplés chacun par un guide d'ondes (46) à une paroi transversale (36), séparant l'une de l'autre des cavités de résonateur adjacentes, de la source d'ultrasons (35) formée au total par les résonateurs (17, 17' et 17'').
  12. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le(s) élément(s) de résonateur (17'') disposé(s) entre un élément de résonateur extérieur (17') et l'élément de résonateur intérieur (17) éloigné de ce dernier est/sont en forme de pot, avec une enveloppe tubulaire cylindrique (18') et un fond stable (36) auquel est accouplé le transducteur (42) contenu par l'élément de résonateur adjacent (17''), l'épaisseur du fond LB étant petite par rapport à l'extension axiale de l'élément de résonateur concerné (17', 17").
  13. Appareil selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments de résonateur en forme de pot (17") sont pourvus au niveau de leur fond (36) et au niveau de leurs sections terminales ouvertes (37) d'un filetage mâle (38) et d'un filetage femelle complémentaire à celui-ci, de même extension axiale Ls, pour la fixation avec les éléments de résonateur respectivement adjacents (17, 17'' et 17), l'extension axiale Ls de ces filetages (38, 39) étant significativement plus petite que l'épaisseur du fond LB des éléments de résonateur en forme de pot (17").
  14. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 11 à 13, caractérisé par le fait que les transducteurs (42) possèdent des convertisseurs électroacoustiques piézocéramiques commandés par tension alternative.
  15. Appareil selon la revendication 14, caractérisé par le fait que des transducteurs mutuellement adjacents dans la direction longitudinale (42) de la source d'ultrasons (35) peuvent être commandés en opposition de phase.
EP98922766A 1997-04-24 1998-04-23 Appareil a transmettre des ondes ultrasonores a un milieu liquide ou pateux Expired - Lifetime EP0975440B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19717397A DE19717397A1 (de) 1997-04-24 1997-04-24 Gerät zur Einkopplung von Ultraschall in ein flüssiges oder pastöses Medium
DE19717397 1997-04-24
PCT/EP1998/002404 WO1998047632A1 (fr) 1997-04-24 1998-04-23 Appareil a transmettre des ondes ultrasonores a un milieu liquide ou pateux

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EP0975440A1 EP0975440A1 (fr) 2000-02-02
EP0975440B1 true EP0975440B1 (fr) 2002-07-31

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US (1) US6429575B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0975440B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE221420T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19717397A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998047632A1 (fr)

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DE10136737A1 (de) * 2001-07-27 2003-02-13 Univ Ilmenau Tech Verfahren und Mikrowerkzeug für die minimal-invasive Chirurgie
US7063144B2 (en) * 2003-07-08 2006-06-20 Klamath Falls, Inc. Acoustic well recovery method and device
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US7682556B2 (en) 2005-08-16 2010-03-23 Ut-Battelle Llc Degassing of molten alloys with the assistance of ultrasonic vibration
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US8746333B2 (en) 2009-11-30 2014-06-10 Technological Research Ltd System and method for increasing production capacity of oil, gas and water wells
US8613312B2 (en) 2009-12-11 2013-12-24 Technological Research Ltd Method and apparatus for stimulating wells
US9145597B2 (en) 2013-02-22 2015-09-29 Almex Usa Inc. Simultaneous multi-mode gas activation degassing device for casting ultraclean high-purity metals and alloys
US9664016B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-05-30 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Acoustic artificial lift system for gas production well deliquification
US9587470B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2017-03-07 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Acoustic artificial lift system for gas production well deliquification
DE102014210886A1 (de) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-17 Weber Ultrasonics Gmbh Ultraschall-Konverter
RU2634769C1 (ru) * 2016-08-23 2017-11-03 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт физики металлов имени М.Н. Михеева Уральского отделения Российской академии наук (ИФМ УрО РАН) Скважинный акустический излучатель
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US6429575B1 (en) 2002-08-06
ATE221420T1 (de) 2002-08-15
WO1998047632A1 (fr) 1998-10-29
EP0975440A1 (fr) 2000-02-02
DE19717397A1 (de) 1998-11-05
DE59805004D1 (de) 2002-09-05

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