EP0970107B1 - Derives de cyclosporine et leurs utilisations - Google Patents

Derives de cyclosporine et leurs utilisations Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0970107B1
EP0970107B1 EP98957903A EP98957903A EP0970107B1 EP 0970107 B1 EP0970107 B1 EP 0970107B1 EP 98957903 A EP98957903 A EP 98957903A EP 98957903 A EP98957903 A EP 98957903A EP 0970107 B1 EP0970107 B1 EP 0970107B1
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Prior art keywords
cyclosporin
composition
antibody
matter
label
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EP0970107A1 (fr
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Chengrong Wang
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Dade International Inc
Dade Behring Inc
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Dade International Inc
Dade Behring Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/94—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving narcotics or drugs or pharmaceuticals, neurotransmitters or associated receptors
    • G01N33/9493—Immunosupressants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/64—Cyclic peptides containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K7/645—Cyclosporins; Related peptides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel cyclosporine derivatives that have improved protein and solid surface conjugatibility and hydrolytic stability.
  • the cyclosporine derivatives of the present invention are useful in assays measurement of cyclosporin A levels, as well as in the production of cyclosporine immunogens and capture conjugates.
  • Cyclosporine A (cyclosporine) is a potent immuno-suppressant that has been widely used in the United States and other countries to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs such as kidney, heart, bone marrow and liver, in humans.
  • Cyclosporin A derivatives which are modified on any of the amino acids of the cyclosporin A skeleton with a substituent bearing a photochemically activatable group are known from WO 90/06763.
  • cyclosporins derivatized at the amide nitrogen of the alanine residues in positions 7 and 8 are disclosed in EP-A-0 487 289.
  • cyclosporine A in the blood is required throughout the lifetime of the patient. Chronic high doses can result in kidney and liver damage. Distribution and metabolism of the drug varies greatly between individuals, as well as in a single individual during the course of therapy. Accordingly, monitoring cyclosporine A levels in the blood or serum of allograph recipients is considered essential.
  • HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
  • RIA radioimmunoassay
  • non-radioimmunoassay typically involves high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), radioimmunoassay (RIA) and non-radioimmunoassay.
  • CsA itself, is non-immunogenic (Donatsch, p. et al., J. Immuno Assay 1981; 2:19). To obtain antibodies, therefore, it is necessary to link CsA to a protein carrier.
  • the side chain of CsA consists most of alliphatic groups. Few of the functional groups customarily used to link a hapten to a carrier.
  • Previous workers have made immunogenic cyclosporine C (CsC) protein conjugates because the CsC has a threonine residue in position 2. Linkage to a protein was via a hemisuccinate linker through an ester group (U.S. patent No. 5,169,773).
  • hemisuccinate coupling chemistry has been used to immobilize CsC to a solid support such as stabilized chromium dioxide particles (U.S.patent No. 5,151,348). Due to a number of factors including, for example, short chain length of the hemisuccinate linker, hydrophobicity of the cyclosporine-C hemisuccinate molecule and hydrolytic instability of the hemisuccinate ester linkage, the CsC hemisuccinate derivatives conjugate poorly to protein and solid surface. Furthermore, CsC protein conjugates and CsC immobilized on a solid support by hemisuccinate coupling, are hydrolyticly unstable.
  • the present invention provides novel cyclosporine C (CsC) derivatives having improved protein conjugatibility and hydrolytic stability.
  • the present invention further provides a CsC derivative conjugated to a carrier, e.g., a solid support.
  • a carrier e.g., a solid support.
  • the solid support is a latex or magnetic particle.
  • the invention also provides improvements in assays for the determination of cyclosporin levels in a sample, e.g., whole blood, suspected of containing cyclosporin.
  • kits for conducting an assay for the determination of cyclosporin includes kits for conducting an assay for the determination of cyclosporin.
  • the present invention also provides for the production of cyclosporine immunogens and capture conjugates comprising the CsC derivatives of the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to cyclosporine C (CsC) derivatives having the structure: sa wherein
  • a particular embodiment of the present invention includes CsC derivatives having the following structures: and
  • the CsC derivatives of the present invention were prepared by activation of the CsC position 2 hydroxy group using disuccinimidyl carbonate followed by coupling with linkers such as diamine linkers, e.g., ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)ether (DA-10).
  • linkers such as diamine linkers, e.g., ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)ether (DA-10).
  • the CsC derivatives of the present invention may be used in an immunoassay for the measurement of cyclosporin A levels in whole blood samples.
  • An example of such an assay comprises the steps of:
  • the enzyme-linked immunoassay of this invention is useful for measuring cyclosporin A levels in whole blood samples of patients receiving cyclosporin A. Monitoring of cyclosporin A blood levels and subsequent cyclosporin A dosage adjustment are necessary to prevent toxic effects caused by high cyclosporin A blood levels and to prevent organ rejection caused by low cyclosporin A blood levels.
  • the immunoassay of the present invention is performed by contacting a lysed whole blood sample containing cyclosporin A with excess labeled anti-cyclosporin antibody, e.g., beta -D-galactosidase-labeled, to form a reaction mixture containing a complex of cyclosporin A with labeled antibody and free labeled antibody, separating free antibody from the reaction mixture by contacting the reaction mixture with a solid phase comprising an immobilized CsC derivative of the present invention on a solid support, e.g.
  • Red blood cell lysis can be accomplished by many methods, such as sonication, detergent lysis and distilled water lysis.
  • the lytic agent chosen should be compatible with the labeled anti-cyclosporin antibody.
  • some detergents can denature beta -D-galactosidase, it has been found that by using CPRG and ReG as beta -D-galactosidase substrates, the sample volume can be made to be sufficiently small to minimize the denaturing effect of the detergent.
  • the preferred lysis method uses detergent.
  • a reaction mixture is formed by contacting the lysed whole blood sample with excess labeled anti-cyclosporin antibody and incubating the reaction mixture for a time and at a temperature sufficient to permit the labeled antibody to form a complex with all of the cyclosporin A in the sample. This usually takes 1-5 minutes at room temperature.
  • Anti-cyclosporin antibody can be obtained commercially, prepared by known methods, or prepared using the derivatives of the present invention.
  • the anti-cyclosporin antibody can be polyclonal or monoclonal. A monoclonal anti-cyclosporin antibody specific for cyclosporin A is preferred.
  • the anti-cyclosporin antibody can be labeled using standard techniques with any molecule that can be detected, including, for example, radioactive isotopes, a catalyst such as an enzyme (e.g., beta -D-galactosidase), a co-enzyme, a chromogen such as a fluorescer, dye or chemiluminescer, a dispersible particle that can be non-magnetic or magnetic. a solid support, a liposome, a ligand, a hapten, and so forth.
  • a catalyst such as an enzyme (e.g., beta -D-galactosidase), a co-enzyme, a chromogen such as a fluorescer, dye or chemiluminescer, a dispersible particle that can be non-magnetic or magnetic.
  • a catalyst such as an enzyme (e.g., beta -D-galactosidase)
  • a co-enzyme e
  • the unbound anti-cyclosporin antibody is separated from the reaction mixture by contacting the reaction mixture with a solid phase comprising a CsC derivative of the present invention immobilized on a solid support for a time sufficient to permit the unbound labeled antibody to form a complex with the immobilized CsC derivative. This usually occurs in approximately one minute.
  • the immobilization of the CsC derivative of the present invention can be accomplished by a number of known immobilization techniques.
  • the preferred immobilization technique for derivatives of the present invention is to activate the terminal carboxy group, using for example, 2-Fluoro-lmethylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (FMPT), and then coupling to a protein, such as albumin or globulin, which can be covalently coupled to a solid support.
  • FMPT 2-Fluoro-lmethylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate
  • the CsC derivative can be immobilized on a variety of solid supports such as beaded dextran, beaded agarose, polyacrylamide, or glass.
  • solid supports such as beaded dextran, beaded agarose, polyacrylamide, or glass.
  • a preferred solid support useful in the immunoassay of this invention is described in U.S.patent 5,151,348 and 5,302,532.
  • the preferred solid support comprises a stabilized chromium dioxide particles having cyclosporin bound to their surfaces.
  • the stabilized chromium dioxide particle useful in the preferred solid support are those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,651,408. These particles consist of a core of rutile chromium dioxide which has been extensively surface reduced, coated with alumina, further coated with silica containing borate and still further coated with a silane to which is attached cyclosporin protein conjugate, such as bovine gamma globulin. These particles have large surface areas, 40-100 m 2 /g, are stable in aqueous solution and can be readily coupled to cyclosporin conjugate.
  • the support can also be a porous or non-porous water insoluble material.
  • the support can be hydrophilic or capable of being rendered hydrophilic and includes inorganic powders such as silica, magnesium sulfate. and alumina: natural polymeric materials, particularly cellulosic materials and materials derived from cellulose, such as fiber containing papers, e.g., filter paper, chromatographic paper; synthetic or modified naturally occurring polymers, such as nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, poly(vinyl chloride), polyacrylamide, cross linked dextran, agarose, polyacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(4-methylbutene), polystyrene, polymethacrylate, poly(ethylene terephthalate), nylon, poly(vinyl butyrate); either used by themselves or in conjunction with other materials; glass, ceramics and metal.
  • the solid phase is separated from the liquid phase by standard separation techniques.
  • the preferred separation technique is to use magnet to settle the magnetic particle out of liquid phase.
  • the amount of cyclosporin A is determined by measuring the amount of the bound label in the liquid phase.
  • the amount of bound beta -D-galactosidase is determined by adding to the liquid phase either CPRG or ReG as a beta -D-galactosidase substrate and measuring spectrophotometrically the amount of chromophore produced at 577 nm.
  • the immunoassay of this invention can be performed manually or it can be adapted to a variety of automated or semi-automated instrumentation, such as the Dimension ® RxL (discrete clinical analyzer, a registered trademark of Dade International Inc. Deerfield, Illinois).
  • a whole blood sample is first lysed and preincubated with excess beta -D-galactosidase-labeled anti-cyclosporin antibody in a cuvette on the instrument.
  • a known amount of stabilized chromium dioxide particle immobilized with CsC derivative of present invention is transferred into the cuvette and incubated for certain amount time, use magnet to separate the magnetic particle from liquid phase.
  • the liquid phase of supernatant contains beta -D-galactosidase-labeled anti-cyclosporin antibody complexed with cyclosporin A from the whole blood sample.
  • a fraction of the supernatant is pipetted and transferred to another cuvette with the addition of CPRG or ReG immediately preceding the absorbance measurements at 577 nm.
  • the present invention further provides a CsC derivative conjugated to a carrier, which is generally a compound of molecular weight greater than 5,000, or a label.
  • Carriers include polyamino acids, lipopolysaccharides, and particles.
  • the CsC conjugate can be used in many applications including as a capture conjugate in an assay or as an immunogen.
  • the carrier may be immunogenic, i.e,. an immunogenic carrier.
  • the poly(amino acids) will generally range from 5,000 molecular weight, having no upper molecular weight limit, normally being less than 10,000,000, usually not more than 600,000 daltons.
  • poly(amino acid) immunogenic material Various protein types may be employed as the poly(amino acid) immunogenic material. These types include albumins, serum proteins, e.g., globulins, ocular lens proteins, lipoproteins. Illustrative proteins include bovine serum albumin, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, egg ovalbumin, bovine gamma - globulin. Alternatively, synthetic poly(amino acids) may be utilized.
  • the immunogenic carrier can also be a polysaccharide, which is a high molecular weight polymer built up by repeated condensations of monosaccharides.
  • polysaccharides are starches, glycogen, cellulose, carbohydrate gums, such as gum arabic, agar,
  • the polysaccharide can also contain polyamino acid residues and/or lipid residues.
  • the immunogenic carrier can also be a nucleic acid either alone or conjugated to one of the above mentioned poly(amino acids) or polysaccharides.
  • the carrier can also be a particle.
  • the particles are generally at least 0.02 ⁇ m and not more than 100 ⁇ m, usually at least 0.05 ⁇ m and less than 20 ⁇ m, preferably from: 0.3 to 10 ⁇ m diameter.
  • the particle may be organic or inorganic, swellable or non-swellable, porous or non-porous, preferably of a density approximating water, generally from : 0.7 to 1.5 g/ml, and composed of material that can be transparent, partially transparent, or opaque.
  • the particles can be biologic materials such as cells and microorganisms, e.g., erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, hybridomas, streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, viruses.
  • the particles can also be particles comprised of organic and inorganic polymers, liposomes, latex particles, phospholipid vesicles, chylomicrons, lipoproteins and chrome.
  • the particles can be derived from naturally occurring materials, naturally occurring materials which are synthetically modified and synthetic materials.
  • organic polymers of particular interest are polysaccharides, particularly cross-linked polysaccharides, such a agarose, which is available as Sepharose, dextran, available as Sephadex and Sephacryl, cellulose, starch; addition polymers, such as polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, homopolymers and copolymers of derivatives of acrylate and methacrylate, particularly esters and amides having free hydroxyl functionalities.
  • the particles will usually be polyfunctional and will be bound to or be capable of binding to the CsC derivative.
  • a wide variety of functional groups are available or can be incorporated. Functional groups include carboxylic acids, aldehydes, amino groups, cyano groups, ethylene groups, hydroxyl groups, mercapto groups.
  • the manner of linking a wide variety of compounds to particles is well known and is amply illustrated in the literature. See for example Cautrecasas, J. Biol. Chem. (1970) 245:3059.
  • the carrier can be an enzyme that is part of a signal producing system.
  • the function of the signal producing system is to produce a product which provides a detectable signal related to the amount of bound and unbound label.
  • the involved reactions will be, for the most part, hydrolysis or redox reactions.
  • Such enzymes that may find use are hydrolases, transferases, lyases, isomerases, ligases or synthetases and oxidoreductases, preferably hydrolases.
  • luciferases may be used such as firefly luciferase and bacterial luciferase.
  • a label may be any molecule conjugated to an analyte or an antibody, or to another molecule.
  • the label can be a member of the signal producing system that includes a signal producing means.
  • the label may be isotopic or nonisotopic, preferably nonisotopic.
  • the label can be a catalyst such as an enzyme, a co-enzyme, a chromogen such as a fluorescer, dye or chemiluminescer, a dispersible particle that can be non-magnetic or magnetic, a solid support, a liposome, a ligand, a hapten.
  • the signal producing system may have one or more components, at least one component being a label.
  • the signal producing system includes all of the reagents required to produce a measurable signal including signal producing means capable of interacting with the label to produce a signal.
  • the signal producing system provides a signal detectable by external means, normally by measurement of electromagnetic radiation, desirably by visual examination.
  • the signal producing system includes a chromophoric substrate and enzyme, where chromophoric substrates are enzymatically converted to dyes which absorb light in the ultraviolet or visible region, phosphors or fluorescers.
  • the signal producing means is capable of interacting with the label to produce a detectable signal.
  • Such means include, for example, electromagnetic radiation, heat, chemical reagents. Where chemical reagents are employed, some of the chemical reagents can be included as part of a developer solution.
  • the chemical reagents can include substrates, coenzymes, enhancers, second enzymes, activators, cofactors, inhibitors, scavengers, metal ions, specific binding substances required for binding of signal generating substances.
  • Some of the chemical reagents such as coenzymes, substances that react with enzymic products, other enzymes and catalysts can be bound to other molecules or to a support.
  • the signal producing system including the label can include one or more particles, which are insoluble particles of at least 50 nm and not more than 50 ⁇ m, usually at least 100 nm and less than 25 ⁇ m, preferably from 0.2 to 5 ⁇ m, diameter.
  • the particle may be organic or inorganic, porous or non-porous, preferably of a density approximating water, generally from 0.7 to 1.5 g/ml, and composed of material that can be transparent, partially transparent, or opaque.
  • the label can also be fluorescent either directly or by virtue of fluorescent compounds or fluorescers bound to a particle in conventional ways.
  • the fluorescers will usually be capable of, or functionalized to render them capable of, being bound to the CsC derivative or to the particle.
  • the CsC derivatives of the present invention can be utilized to prepare conjugates using the reactions discussed above and set forth in the examples.
  • Another aspect, of the present invention includes a process for preparing antibodies against the above defined CsC derivative conjugated to an immunogenic carrier. Furthermore, the present invention includes conjugates of such antibodies and a label.
  • An antibody is an immunoglobulin which specifically binds to and is thereby defined as complementary with a particular spatial and polar organization of another molecule.
  • the antibody can be monoclonal or polyclonal and can be prepared by techniques that are well known in the art such as immunization of a host and collection of sera from which the immunoglobulin can be separated by known techniques (polyclonal) or by preparing continuous hybrid cell lines and collecting the secreted protein (monoclonal).
  • Antibodies may include a complete immunoglobulin or fragment thereof, which immunoglobulins include the various classes and isotypes, such as IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3, IgM. Fragments thereof may include Fab, Fv and F(ab')2, Fab'.
  • Monoclonal antibodies can be obtained by the process discussed by Milstein and Kohler and reported in Nature, 256:495-497, 1975.
  • the antibodies of the present invention recognize the cyclosporins including cyclosporin A and derivatives and metabolites of cyclosporins.
  • the antibodies of the present invention can be utilized in the determination of cyclosporin in a sample suspected of containing cyclosporin.
  • the assay can comprise the steps of contacting the sample with antibodies for cyclosporin and detecting either directly or indirectly immune complexes of the antibodies and cyclosporin.
  • the improvement provided in the present invention is the utilization of the present antibodies as the antibodies for cyclosporin.
  • the immune complexes are detected directly, for example, where the antibodies employed are conjugated to a label.
  • the immune complex is detected indirectly by examining for the effect of immune complex formation in an assay medium, on a signal producing system or by employing a labeled antibody that specifically binds to an antibody of the invention.
  • the sample is contacted with antibodies for cyclosporin and a conjugate of this invention recognized by the antibodies.
  • the method further includes detecting either directly or indirectly immune complexes of the conjugate and the antibodies.
  • the improvement provided in the present invention is employing as the CsC derivative conjugated to a label.
  • the present assay invention has application to all immunoassays for cyclosporin.
  • the assay can be performed either without separation (homogeneous) or with separation (heterogeneous) of any of the assay components or products.
  • heterogeneous assays are enzyme linked immunoassays such as the enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), see “Enzyme-Immunoassay” by Edward T. Maggio, CRC Press Incorporated, Boca Raton, Fla., 1980.
  • Homogeneous immunoassays are exemplified by enzyme multiplied immunoassay techniques (e.g. see U.S. Pat. No. 3,817,837), immunofluorescence methods such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,993,345, enzyme channeling techniques such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,233,402, and other enzyme immunoassays as discussed in Maggio, supra.

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Claims (14)

  1. Composé ayant la structure:
    Figure 00290001
       dans laquelle:
    X est choisi parmi ―O―; ―S―; ―NH―;
    Figure 00290002
    Figure 00290003
    Y est choisi parmi
    Figure 00290004
    Figure 00290005
    Z est choisi parmi:
    Figure 00300001
    R1 et R2 sont chacun un groupe alkyle en C1-8;
    R3 est un groupe alkyle en C0-8; et
    m est 1 - 200.
  2. Composé ayant la structure:
    Figure 00300002
    dans laquelle n est 2-3; m est 2-5 et p est 2-3.
  3. Composé ayant la structure:
    Figure 00300003
    dans laquelle n est 2-3, m est 2-5, p est 2-3 et k est 2-3.
  4. Immunoessai à liaison enzymatique pour la détermination des taux de cyclosporine A dans des échantillons de sang entier, comprenant les étapes de:
    (a) lyse des érythrocytes dans un échantillon de sang entier contenant de la cyclosporine A;
    (b) mise en contact de l'échantillon de sang entier lysé avec un excès d'anticorps anti-cyclosporine marqué, pour former un complexe anticorps-cyclosporine A marqué;
    (c) séparation de l'anticorps non lié du complexe par mise en contact du mélange formé dans l'étape (b) avec une phase solide comprenant un dérivé de cyclosporine selon la revendication 1 immobilisé sur un support solide; et
    (d) détermination de la quantité de marqueur présent dans le complexe en tant que mesure de la cyclosporine A.
  5. Immunoessai selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le marqueur est la β-D-galactosidase.
  6. Immunoessai selon la revendication 5, dans lequel la quantité de marqueur β-D-galactosidase dans le complexe en tant que mesure de la cyclosporine A est déterminée par l'addition d'un substrat de β-D-galactosidase choisi parmi rouge chlorophénol-β-D-galactopyranoside et résorufine-β-D-galactopyranoside.
  7. Immunoessai selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6, dans lequel la phase solide est une particule de dioxyde de chrome stabilisée.
  8. Composition de matière qui comprend des composés selon les revendications 1, 2 ou 3 conjugués à un support.
  9. Composition de matière selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle le support est immunogène.
  10. Composition de matière selon la revendication 9, dans laquelle le support immunogène est une protéine.
  11. Composition de matière selon la revendication 10, dans laquelle la protéine est choisie dans le groupe comprenant la sérum-albumine bovine, l'hémocyanine de patelle en trou de serrure et l'ovalbumine.
  12. Composition de matière selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle le support est une particule.
  13. Composition de matière selon la revendication 12, dans laquelle la particule est une particule de dioxyde de chrome.
  14. Procédé de préparation d'un anticorps anti-cyclosporine, qui comprend la formation d'un anticorps dirigé contre la composition selon la revendication 9.
EP98957903A 1997-11-25 1998-11-13 Derives de cyclosporine et leurs utilisations Expired - Lifetime EP0970107B1 (fr)

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US08/978,051 US5990274A (en) 1997-11-25 1997-11-25 Cyclosporine derivatives and uses thereof
US978051 1997-11-25
PCT/US1998/024217 WO1999026965A1 (fr) 1997-11-25 1998-11-13 Derives de cyclosporine et leurs utilisations

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JP5391387B2 (ja) * 2007-03-09 2014-01-15 小川 一文 磁気感応性薬剤およびその製造方法
US20090170218A1 (en) * 2008-01-02 2009-07-02 Dade Behring Inc. Methods for detection of cyclosporin a
AU2011342284C1 (en) 2010-12-15 2017-07-13 Contravir Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Cyclosporine analogue molecules modified at amino acid 1 and 3
CN104764883A (zh) * 2015-03-31 2015-07-08 上海云泽生物科技有限公司 一种检测环孢霉素a浓度的免疫分析方法和试剂盒

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DE69822446T2 (de) 2005-08-11
EP0970107A1 (fr) 2000-01-12
WO1999026965A1 (fr) 1999-06-03
US6207398B1 (en) 2001-03-27
DE69822446D1 (de) 2004-04-22
JP2001511820A (ja) 2001-08-14
ES2217604T3 (es) 2004-11-01

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