EP0968955B1 - Flèche de matériau composite - Google Patents

Flèche de matériau composite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0968955B1
EP0968955B1 EP99112763A EP99112763A EP0968955B1 EP 0968955 B1 EP0968955 B1 EP 0968955B1 EP 99112763 A EP99112763 A EP 99112763A EP 99112763 A EP99112763 A EP 99112763A EP 0968955 B1 EP0968955 B1 EP 0968955B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fiber composite
layer
telescopic part
composite
telescopic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP99112763A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0968955A2 (fr
EP0968955A3 (fr
Inventor
Franz Paschke
Kurt Vohdin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Grove US LLC
Original Assignee
Grove US LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Grove US LLC filed Critical Grove US LLC
Publication of EP0968955A2 publication Critical patent/EP0968955A2/fr
Publication of EP0968955A3 publication Critical patent/EP0968955A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0968955B1 publication Critical patent/EP0968955B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/64—Jibs
    • B66C23/70—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths
    • B66C23/701—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
    • Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
    • Y10T428/249942—Fibers are aligned substantially parallel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
    • Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
    • Y10T428/24995—Two or more layers
    • Y10T428/249951—Including a free metal or alloy constituent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3382—Including a free metal or alloy constituent
    • Y10T442/3415—Preformed metallic film or foil or sheet [film or foil or sheet had structural integrity prior to association with the woven fabric]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/654—Including a free metal or alloy constituent
    • Y10T442/656—Preformed metallic film or foil or sheet [film or foil or sheet had structural integrity prior to association with the nonwoven fabric]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a telescopic part for the jib of a crane or mobile crane, having a closed cross-section of composite materials. More specifically, the present invention relates to a telescopic jib for a crane or a mobile crane, including an articulately jointed base section and at least one telescopic section formed from the composite material.
  • Telescopic jibs as employed for instance on stationary or mobile cranes, are configured of several nesting telescopic sections which can be extended to elongate the jib. Each telescopic section is mounted to slide on the other.
  • One factor salient to the loading capacity of the individual sections is the consistently straight cross-section of the telescopic parts.
  • EP 0 117 774 A1 is a telescopic jib comprising telescopic parts featuring a core of expanded polyurethane covered by a skin of a composite material or of aluminum.
  • a sandwich design has inadequate strength for long telescopic jibs in heavy loading situations.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide telescopic parts/jibs optimized in weight and strength.
  • the telescopic part comprising a composite cross-section of a layer of steel and at least one layer of a fiber composite.
  • part of the fine-grain steel cross-section conventionally employed is thus replaced by a fiber composite layer exhibiting, for the same strength and stiffness, a significantly reduced specific weight.
  • the ratio of the loading capacity to the dead weight becomes all the more favorable, the higher the modulus of elasticity of the composite.
  • a further advantage afforded by the telescopic part in accordance with the invention is rooted in the fact that jib oscillations are reduced. Fine-grain steel jibs have such low natural frequencies that resonance may be prompted simply by operation or by the wind. Due to the better damping performance of the fiber composite layer employed in accordance with the invention such resonance can be suppressed and the jib quickly comes to rest, it being not possible in general for oscillations to be generated as long as the layers are sufficiently thick.
  • a further advantage afforded by the telescopic parts and jibs in accordance with the invention is the low deformation due to heating up when exposed on one side to sunlight, which results in undesirable high deformations in the case of steel telescopic parts which, in turn, diminishes the loading capacity.
  • the steel layer forms an inner layer and the fiber composite layer forms an outer layer of the composite cross-section
  • the steel core of the telescopic part or jib is no longer exposed to direct sunlight, thus minimizing the differences in temperature and the resulting differences in thermal expansion in the steel. Due to the low conduction of heat and the property that plastics tend to shrink, whilst metals tend to elongate when exposed to heat, it is to be anticipated that such jibs in accordance with the invention remain substantially straighter when exposed on one side to sunlight.
  • the telescopic jib in accordance with the invention can be designed lighter for the same loading capacity, fewer counterweights are needed to compensate the moments acting in the ball bearing slewing ring of a telescopic crane.
  • the fiber composite layer comprises a first fiber composite located preferably inwardly and adjoining the steel layer, this first fiber composite featuring mainly unidirectional fibers in the longitudinal direction of the telescopic part as well as a second fiber composite located preferably outwardly and over the first layer, again featuring mainly unidirectional fibers but oriented transversely to the first layer.
  • the first and/or the second unidirectional fiber composite may be configured of unidirectional fiber mats.
  • a mutually supported and more particularly clamping action of the first unidirectional fiber composite can be achieved by the second unidirectional fiber composite, prohibiting any pull-out of the longitudinal fibers since the transverse fibers become skew and expand, thereby, increasing the contact pressure on the first fiber composite.
  • the longitudinal arrangement of the fibers in the first unidirectional fiber composite generates a particularly flexurally rigid structure since the fibers are expanded only in their longitudinal direction and do not need to be first pulled straight.
  • the first and/or second fiber composite may comprise longitudinal bundles of fibers in accordance with the invention.
  • the first fiber composite is applied and locked non-shiftingly in place to the steel layer. This can be achieved basically by one or more of the following securing options:
  • Another possibility consists of securing the first fiber composite to at least one end of the telescopic part, more particularly to a collar, i.e. preferably by potting and/or by forming a unit securing the collar and the second fiber composite.
  • Nested telescopic jibs have portions at the ends of the individual telescopic sections in which the flexural stresses become zero. It is in these portions in which the collars are likewise located that anchoring the fiber composite material to the steel part can be done to advantage.
  • the composite cross-section and, more particularly, the first fiber composite is arranged on only part of the closed cross-section and preferably substantially in the zone of tensile loading.
  • the tensile strength of fiber composite materials is substantially higher than their compressive strength so that it may be of advantage to arrange the first fiber composite only in the tensile loaded zone of the cross-section.
  • the thickness of any jib shell employing a composite material is greater than that of a steel cross-section for the same weight. This results in added stability in preventing localized failures such as plate denting and shell rupture.
  • the second unidirectional fiber composite including fibers oriented transversely to the first composite prevents, on the one hand, side-shifting or peeling of the first fiber composite form the end and, on the other hand, protects the first fiber composite from damage.
  • a further layer of material more particularly, a protective layer and/or sliding layer, may be preferably applied to the second fiber composite protecting the fibers highly sensitive to transverse compression, whilst providing adequate sliding properties in telescopic extension and retraction and, more particularly, creating optimized conditions regarding exposure to the sun.
  • a telescopic jib in accordance with the invention, finding application on a crane or mobile crane, comprises an articulately jointed base section and at least one telescopic section; and is configured so that at least one of the sections is configured as the telescopic part in accordance with the description and embodiments as discussed above.
  • the telescopic part 10 in a perspective view illustrating the laminar structure exposed.
  • the telescopic part 10 comprises the steel shell 11 surrounded firstly by the first unidirectional fiber composite 12, the fibers of which are oriented in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the telescopic part.
  • the collar is subsequently also identified as longitudinal fiber composite 12, which may also be configured as a fiber mat.
  • the second unidirectional fiber composite 13 incorporating fibers, i.e. circumferentially, this also being subsequently termed the transverse fiber composite 13, which may be likewise configured as a fiber mat, surrounding the longitudinal fiber composite 12, thus defining the latter on the steel shell 11.
  • a further securing system is provided in the embodiment of Fig. 1.
  • This securing system consists of extensions 21 jutting from the steel shell 11. These extensions are shown in Fig. 1 only in a longitudinal section, but may be distributed over the full circumference.
  • the longitudinal fiber composite 12 comprises recesses 22 into which the extensions 21 engage in the fitted condition.
  • Fig. 1A depicting a cross-section (as viewed in the longitudinal axis of the telescopic part 10) of the upper flat section of the telescopic part 10. It is evident from this sectional view, that the extensions 21 protrude upwards on the steel shell 11 where they are surrounded by the longitudinal fiber composite in the recesses thereof. Above the longitudinal fiber composite, the transverse fiber composite 13 closes off the arrangement. Due to the positive connection between longitudinal fiber composite 12 and steel shell 11 via the extensions 21, an arrangement of the longitudinal fiber composite is assured, locked non-shiftingly in place.
  • the steel shell 11 comprises recesses 23 into which - as evident from the cross-sectional view of Fig. 2A - material protuberances 24 engage, protruding downwards from the longitudinal fiber composite 12. This thus illustrates the inverse condition as shown in Fig. 1, here too, a connection locking the system in place being assured.
  • Fig. 3 there is illustrated a perspective view of a telescopic part in accordance with the invention incorporating steel shell 11, longitudinal fiber composite 12, transverse fiber composite 13 (shown in part) and a steel collar 30.
  • Fig. 3A is a longitudinal section in the region of the collar.
  • the longitudinal fiber composite 12 is illustrated only in the upper portion, i.e. in the tensile loading zone. Securing the longitudinal fiber composite 12 in this embodiment is done by potting the fibers in the collar 30.
  • the collar 30 may also be filled with fiber material 31 for stiffening.
  • Telescopic jibs such as the one as shown in Fig. 3 feature at the collar end a portion in which the reference stresses are small. This is why the arrangement for anchoring the longitudinal fiber composite 12 in the steel collar 30 is simpler in the collar portion.
  • a telescopic jib incorporating steel shell 11, longitudinal fiber composite 12 and transverse fiber composite 13 in a view corresponding to that as shown above in Fig. 3.
  • the collar 40 is configured as a fiber composite structure and the ends of the longitudinal fiber composite 12 are woven into this collar 40 as a result of which adequate securing is assured.
  • the transverse fiber composite 13 surrounds the longitudinal fiber composite 12 locking it in place on the steel shell 11 by friction locking alone.
  • the transverse fiber composite 13 serves in addition to prevent peeling of the ends of the longitudinal fiber composite 12.
  • FIG. 5 there is illustrated a cross-sectional view of a telescopic part in accordance with the invention in which a longitudinal fiber composite structure is provided only in the tensile zone Z.
  • This structure reading from the inside outwards -incorporates the steel shell 11, the longitudinal fiber composite 12, the transverse fiber composite 13 and a sliding or protective layer 14 covering the transverse fiber composite 13; this structure again being evident sectionwise in Fig. 6.
  • the telescopic part as shown in Fig. 5 comprises in the compression zone D no longitudinal fiber composite 12.
  • the compressive strength of fibers in the longitudinal fiber direction is substantially less than their tensile strength. This is why it may be of advantage to eliminate the longitudinal fiber composite in the zone subjected to compressive stress as in the embodiment as shown in Fig. 5.
  • the transverse fiber composite 13 surrounds the full cross-sectional circumference, however.
  • the protective or. sliding layer 14 protects, on the one hand, the transverse fiber composite 13 from damage, since it is highly sensitive to transverse compression, whilst permitting, on the other, satisfactory sliding of the corresponding telescopic parts when disposed nested in a jib.
  • the layer 14 may be further configured so that it counteracts the detrimental effects of exposure to sunlight.
  • a further embodiment of a telescopic part in accordance with the invention in which the steel shell 11 is surrounded by a composite rod-type longitudinal fibers 12', which is in turn covered by a transverse fiber bundle 13' to lock it in place.
  • a composite rod-type longitudinal fibers 12' which is in turn covered by a transverse fiber bundle 13' to lock it in place.
  • the longitudinal fibers 12' and 13' respectively mutually clamp each other in place. Any heavy tug on the longitudinal fibers 12' results in the contact pressure being increased due to the transverse fibers 13', steel shell 11, longitudinal and transverse fibers 12', 13' forming a friction-locked connection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Partie télescopique pour la flèche d'une grue ou d'une grue mobile, comprenant une section transversale fermée, ladite partie télescopique comprenant une section transversale composite incorporant une couche d'acier (11) et au moins une couche de composite renforcé de fibres (12, 13), caractérisée en ce que ladite couche de composite renforcé de fibres (12, 13) comprend, de préférence de façon jointive à ladite couche d'acier (11), un premier composite renforcé de fibres unidirectionnelles (12) incorporant des fibres orientées dans la direction longitudinale de ladite partie télescopique, ainsi que, de préférence à l'extérieur et disposé au-dessus dudit premier composite, un deuxième composite renforcé de fibres unidirectionnelles (13) incorporant des fibres orientées transversalement vis-à-vis dudit premier composite (12).
  2. Partie télescopique selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ladite couche d'acier (11) forme une couche intérieure et ladite couche de composite renforcé de fibres (12, 13) forme une couche extérieure de ladite section transversale composite.
  3. Partie télescopique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que ledit premier et/ou ledit deuxième composite renforcé de fibres unidirectionnelles est constitué par des mats de fibres unidirectionnelles.
  4. Partie télescopique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que ledit premier et/ou ledit deuxième composite renforcé de fibres comprend des faisceaux de fibres longitudinaux.
  5. Partie télescopique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que ledit premier composite renforcé de fibres (12) est agencé en place de façon bloquée, de façon à ne pas pouvoir se déplacer, sur ladite couche d'acier (11).
  6. Partie télescopique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que ledit premier composite renforcé de fibres (12) est relié fermement à ladite couche d'acier (11), de préférence par des saillies (21) faisant saillie à partir de ladite couche d'acier (11), venant en prise avec ledit composite renforcé de fibres (12), et/ou par des cavités (23) configurées dans ladite couche d'acier (11), dans lesquelles vient en prise ledit composite renforcé de fibres (12).
  7. Partie télescopique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, à 5, caractérisée en ce que ledit premier composite renforcé de fibres (12) est fixé à au moins une extrémité de ladite partie télescopique, et, plus particulièrement, à un collier (30, 40), de préférence en empotant et/ou en formant une unité fixant ledit collier (30, 40) et ledit deuxième composite renforcé de fibres.
  8. Partie télescopique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que ledit premier composite renforcé de fibres (12) est bloqué en place par l'effet de serrage dudit deuxième composite renforcé de fibres (13) disposé au-dessus de celui-ci.
  9. Partie télescopique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que ladite section transversale composite, et, plus particulièrement, ledit premier composite renforcé de fibres (12) ne sont agencés que sur une partie de ladite section transversale fermée, et, de préférence, sensiblement dans la zone de contrainte de traction (Z).
  10. Partie télescopique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que, disposée au-dessus dudit deuxième composite renforcé de fibres (13), se trouve une couche de matériau (14), plus particulièrement une couche protectrice et/ou une couche de glissement.
  11. Flèche télescopique pour une grue ou une grue mobile, comprenant une section de base réunie de façon articulée et au moins une section télescopique, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins l'une des sections est configurée sous la forme d'une partie télescopique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10.
EP99112763A 1998-07-03 1999-07-01 Flèche de matériau composite Revoked EP0968955B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19829829 1998-07-03
DE19829829A DE19829829A1 (de) 1998-07-03 1998-07-03 Verbundwerkstoff-Teleskopteil und -ausleger

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0968955A2 EP0968955A2 (fr) 2000-01-05
EP0968955A3 EP0968955A3 (fr) 2000-12-06
EP0968955B1 true EP0968955B1 (fr) 2004-02-25

Family

ID=7872921

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99112763A Revoked EP0968955B1 (fr) 1998-07-03 1999-07-01 Flèche de matériau composite

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6586084B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0968955B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3214844B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2276925C (fr)
DE (2) DE19829829A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2215344T3 (fr)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202010006624U1 (de) 2010-05-10 2010-08-05 Manitowoc Crane Group France Sas Kranausleger, insbesondere Mobilkranausleger, mit vorgespannten Zugelementen
EP2386517A1 (fr) 2010-05-10 2011-11-16 Manitowoc Crane Group France SAS Flèche de grue, notamment flèche de grue mobile dotée d'éléments de traction prétendus
US9616648B2 (en) 2013-01-22 2017-04-11 Trumpf Sachsen Gmbh Profile carriers and related methods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2000191281A (ja) 2000-07-11
CA2276925A1 (fr) 2000-01-03
US6586084B1 (en) 2003-07-01
JP3214844B2 (ja) 2001-10-02
DE19829829A1 (de) 2000-01-13
EP0968955A2 (fr) 2000-01-05
EP0968955A3 (fr) 2000-12-06
DE69914974D1 (de) 2004-04-01
DE69914974T2 (de) 2004-08-12
CA2276925C (fr) 2008-02-26
ES2215344T3 (es) 2004-10-01

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