EP0963596B1 - Appareil de commutation electromecanique - Google Patents

Appareil de commutation electromecanique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0963596B1
EP0963596B1 EP98910592A EP98910592A EP0963596B1 EP 0963596 B1 EP0963596 B1 EP 0963596B1 EP 98910592 A EP98910592 A EP 98910592A EP 98910592 A EP98910592 A EP 98910592A EP 0963596 B1 EP0963596 B1 EP 0963596B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
sensor
switching device
inductance
magnetic field
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98910592A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0963596A1 (fr
Inventor
Fritz Pohl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0963596A1 publication Critical patent/EP0963596A1/fr
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Publication of EP0963596B1 publication Critical patent/EP0963596B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/048—Means for indicating condition of the switching device containing non-mechanical switch position sensor, e.g. HALL sensor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic Switching device with at least one movable contact and associated drive in a device housing, with at least a magnetic field sensor means for contactless Detection of the switching status at a suitable point arranged inside and / or outside of the device housing are and each with one of several switching states linked magnetic field values, the device housing has a control handle intended for manual release, whose position is monitored.
  • Switching states of electromechanical protective switching devices are characterized by triggering the switch mechanism and can therefore be determined by detecting the change in position Components such as the control handle the magnet armature usually present or an associated one Bimetallic, and the associated appearance more powerful Magnetic fields can be detected in the event of overcurrent or short circuit.
  • magnetically sensitive sensors such as D ifferential- H general E FFECT (DHE) sensor, G iant- M agneto- R esistive (GMR) sensor and A nisotropic- M agneto (AMR intended to detect R esistive sensor, in particular movement of the shift handle of a circuit breaker from its accompanying rotary movement of the drive strap -).
  • DHE D ifferential- H general E FFECT
  • GMR G iant- M agneto- R esistive
  • AMR A nisotropic- M agneto
  • the latter DHE, GMR and AMR sensors each contain one integrated electronics and supply standardized output signals, with a GMR sensor in particular an additional differential amplifier needed.
  • the GMR sensors in particular still have the peculiarity of poor stability of the sensor properties against magnetic overload. Overall are the previously known sensors are comparatively complex and expensive.
  • the object of the invention is a switching device with robust and inexpensive sensor elements for position monitoring to create magnetic field-carrying parts.
  • the Magnetic field sensor is a miniature inductor that comes with Ferrite core forms an inductance sensor with which the Position of the control handle or one coupled to it Part is monitored and especially the flowing in the switching device Current is detected, the permeability of the ferrite core the miniature inductance through the action of external Magnetic fields is changed. Especially with pronounced The axial geometry of the miniature inductor is clear Field direction sensitivity before.
  • Miniature inductors used according to the invention are from State of the art known per se, for example from DE 40 20 305 A1. Surprisingly, such are known Miniature inductors for the application of state detection suitable for switchgear.
  • the variable inductance the miniature inductance can preferably be with a Oscillator circuit can be evaluated.
  • FIG. 1 shows the selected on a test facility, spatial arrangement of a sensor system for a circuit breaker, where the sensors are outside the switch housing is located at a short distance from the housing side wall and is shown in projection on the switching device:
  • a switch housing 1 At a switch housing 1 are terminals in a known manner 2 and 3, a contact arrangement of fixed contact 4 and Moving contact 5, associated connections with a bimetal as Line connection 7 and a solenoid 8 available and reproduced in a simplified representation.
  • the fixed contact 4 is located on a rigid contact carrier 40, the moving contact 5 on a movable contact carrier 50 which over a drive bracket 51 made of ferromagnetic material and a turning handle 52 can be activated.
  • under is the movable one Contact carrier 50 attached a permanent magnet 11, the one Inductance sensor 60 with electrical connections 61, 62 assigned.
  • the permanent magnet 11 has a field-strengthening Iron sheet 12 provided.
  • the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 11 coupled onto the drive bracket 51 and for strengthening the iron sheet 12 on the from Drive bracket 51 facing away from the permanent magnet applied, which the inductance sensor 60 approximately up to whose center towers over.
  • the inductance sensor 60 is located between the approximately parallel legs of a U-shaped Magnetic circuit from drive bracket 51 and sheet iron 12, the Cross leg is formed by the permanent magnet 11.
  • the direction of magnetization is chosen so that the Magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of Figure 1 from the Permanent magnet 11 exits.
  • a Rectangle generator 101 with an amplitude of, for example ⁇ 15 V, a frequency ⁇ 1 MHz and a current consumption - 1 mA a signal circuit and the output signal via a Differential amplifier 111 processed further.
  • the measuring circuit contains, in addition to the actual measuring branch, a compensation branch for determining the zero differential voltage. Both measuring branches are largely constructed identically in order to avoid a temperature drift of the output voltage, which is dependent on the diode properties.
  • L is the variable inductance of inductance sensor 60.
  • the RC elements are used for signal integration.
  • Figure 4 shows the associated measurement oscillogram with the temporal Course of the sensor signal Is and its influence by the magnetic field of the electrical flowing in the switch Current.
  • an iron shield for example with 0.8 mm iron sheet on the outside to provide the sensor device. From the oscillogram it can be seen that the magnetic field is the field of the permanent magnet superimposed and the position signal of the inductance sensor 60 modulated.
  • the evaluation circuit according to Figure 3 is such modified that a differential circuit of two inductance sensors 60a and 60b with inductors L1 and L2, one of the sensors 60a and 60b each having a capacitance 104 connected to one of the evaluation branches with C1 ⁇ 6.8 nF is. Otherwise the arrangement corresponds to that in FIG 1 described arrangement.
  • Such a differential inductance sensor delivers a significantly smaller interference signal from the im Switch of flowing electrical current.
  • Miniature circuit breakers with about 100 A reach the interference signal of the differential inductance sensor 60 'about half Signal swing between on and off position.
  • the magnetic field influence mainly stems from the trip coil forth what in detail from the oscillograms according to the figures 7 to 9 can be derived.
  • the magnetic field sensitivity of in particular magnetic preloaded inductance sensors can also be used for a rough Current measurement can be used.
  • FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 shows the geometric arrangement of the switching device Figure 1 reproduced, in the area of the solenoid 8th an inductance sensor 60 'at a distance of 2 mm from the outside of the housing is arranged. Is assigned to the inductance sensor 60 'in turn a permanent magnet 11' with a field-strengthening Iron plate 12 '. It is particularly clear from FIG. 11 that with the inductance sensor 60 'by the magnetic field determination A rough current measurement is possible at the trigger coil is because of the magnetic bias of the sensor Sensitivity is increased.
  • FIG. 15 shows the geometric assignment in detail of an inductance sensor 60 ′′ to a rotatably mounted one Permanent magnet 11 ''.
  • the sensor's inductance signal 60 ′′ can be processed further by the evaluation circuit in FIG. 3 and is shown as an oscillogram in Figure 16.
  • Figure 16 shows the oscillographically measured voltage signal Ws depending on the angle of rotation.
  • the sensor signal is from Distance between sensor 60 '' and permanent magnet 11 'depending and its period is 180 ° of the angle of rotation. For the half period The angle of rotation and the sensor signal are therefore 90 ° clearly assigned to each other.
  • the measurement signal curve in FIG. 16 is influenced by the tuning of the evaluation circuit and has approximately a sine square curve.
  • the sensitive measuring range extends over a rotation angle range of approximately 25 °. While the measurement signal in the interval from 60 to 120 ° according to Figure 16 deviates strongly from the sinusoidal curve, the sensor inductance shows a monotonically increasing curve between L 0 ⁇ 185 ⁇ H to L 90 ⁇ 90 ⁇ H in the interval from 0 to 90 ° rotation angle. Due to the strong permanent magnetic field and the resulting large voltage swing of the measurement signal of 2 V, the sensitivity to interference from external magnetic fields is relatively low.
  • the one built with the described miniature inductor Angle sensor can therefore be used to detect a switching state Motor protection switch are used, the switching position and the short-circuit release by the angle of rotation position of the associated waves are marked.
  • the evaluation circuits in FIGS. 3 and 5 show that the electronic effort in the applications described the miniature inductors is low and in the essentially on a square wave generator with high frequency and Constant amplitude at low current load and one Differential amplifier for generating a 0 V related Output signal relates. This is a switchgear with Position monitoring realized that only a minor additional effort required.

Landscapes

  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des appareils de commutation électromécaniques ayant au moins un contact mobile et un dispositif d'entraînement associé montés dans un boîtier d'appareil. Des moyens permettant la reconnaissance sans contact de l'état de commutation ont déjà été proposés, à savoir des capteurs magnétiques qui sont disposés en un emplacement approprié, à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur du boîter d'appareil, et qui détectent des valeurs de champ magnétiquequi sont chacune en corrélation avec un de plusieurs états de commutation. Le boîter d'appareil comporte habituellement un levier de commutation destiné au déclenchement manuel. Selon l'invention, l'appareil comprend une inductance miniature (60, 60a, 60b, 60', 60'') comportant un noyau de ferrite comme capteur de champ magnétique de haute sensibilité, au moyen de laquelle la position du levier de commutation (52) ou d'une pièce accouplée à celui-ci est surveillée et/ou le courant s'écoulant dans l'appareil de commutation est détecté. De telles inductances miniatures (60, 60a, 60b, 60', 60'') sont extrêmement bon marché.

Claims (8)

  1. Appareil de commutation électromagnétique comportant au moins un contact mobile (5) ainsi qu'un entraínement associé dans un boítier d'appareil (1) et des moyens (11, 60) comprenant au moins un capteur de champ magnétique (60), destinés à la détection sans contact de l'état de commutation, disposés à un endroit approprié à l'intérieur et/ou à l'extérieur du boítier d'appareil (1) et détectant les valeurs de champ magnétique combinées respectivement à l'un des états de commutation, le boítier d'appareil (1) comportant une manette de commutation (52) qui est destinée à un déclenchement manuel et dont la position est surveillée, caractérisé par le fait que le capteur de champ magnétique est une inductance miniature (60, 60a, 60b, 60', 60") très sensible qui forme avec un noyau de ferrite un capteur d'inductance par lequel la position de la manette de commutation (52) ou d'une pièce (51) couplée à celle-ci est surveillée et, en particulier, le courant passant dans l'appareil de commutation est détecté, la perméabilité du noyau de ferrite de l'inductance miniature (60, 60a, 60b, 60', 60") étant modifiée par l'action de champs magnétiques extérieurs.
  2. Appareil de commutation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, en cas de géométrie axiale marquée de l'inductance miniature (60, 60a, 60b, 60', 60"), on a une nette sensibilité du capteur à la direction de champ.
  3. Appareil de commutation selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu un circuit d'évaluation (100) avec lequel la valeur d'inductance (L, L1, L2) de l'inductance miniature (60, 60a, 60b) est évaluée avec un circuit oscillateur (100).
  4. Appareil de commutation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le capteur d'inductance (60) avec un aimant permanent (11) associé et avec une tôle en fer (12) supplémentaire pour l'amplification de champ est disposé, en vue de la détection de l'état de branchement/débranchement de la manette de commutation (52), à côté d'un étrier d'entraínement ferromagnétique (51) pour la manette de commutation (52).
  5. Appareil de commutation selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que le circuit d'évaluation (100) est alimenté par un générateur rectangle (101) et que le signal de sortie est traité par l'intermédiaire d'un amplificateur différentiel (111).
  6. Appareil de commutation selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu un circuit différentiel de deux capteurs d'inductance (60a, 60b).
  7. Appareil de commutation électromagnétique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, une bobine magnétique étant prévue comme moyen de déclenchement, caractérisé par le fait que la sensibilité au champ magnétique de l'inductance miniature (60") est exploitée pour une mesure de courant dans la bobine de déclenchement (8).
  8. Appareil de commutation selon la revendication 7, caractérisé par le fait que les inductances miniatures (60") sont utilisables comme capteur de proximité et/ou d'angle lorsqu'il est prévu comme élément transmetteur un aimant permanent (11") qui est relié à l'élément à surveiller de l'appareil de commutation (1).
EP98910592A 1997-02-26 1998-02-09 Appareil de commutation electromecanique Expired - Lifetime EP0963596B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19707724 1997-02-26
DE19707724 1997-02-26
PCT/DE1998/000357 WO1998038666A1 (fr) 1997-02-26 1998-02-09 Appareil de commutation electromecanique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0963596A1 EP0963596A1 (fr) 1999-12-15
EP0963596B1 true EP0963596B1 (fr) 2002-09-11

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98910592A Expired - Lifetime EP0963596B1 (fr) 1997-02-26 1998-02-09 Appareil de commutation electromecanique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6104592A (fr)
EP (1) EP0963596B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4358308B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE59805512D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998038666A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010043744A1 (de) * 2010-11-11 2012-05-16 Continental Automotive Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung sowie Verfahren zur Überwachung des Schaltens einer Energiequelle zur Versorgung eines Elektroantriebs

Families Citing this family (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6741158B2 (en) * 2002-07-18 2004-05-25 Honeywell International Inc. Magnetically sensed thermostat control
US20050246114A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-03 Rannow Randy K In-line field sensor
DE102004044378A1 (de) * 2004-09-10 2006-03-30 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Schaltereinheit
JP4918993B2 (ja) * 2005-07-22 2012-04-18 横河電機株式会社 角度センサ
US8344724B2 (en) * 2009-11-06 2013-01-01 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Non-intrusive monitoring of power and other parameters
US8299798B2 (en) * 2010-06-29 2012-10-30 National Instruments Corporation Relay test system and method
JP6321592B2 (ja) * 2015-08-20 2018-05-09 ファナック株式会社 誘導形近接センサを用いた二重化タッチスイッチ
CN109045427B (zh) 2016-10-03 2021-06-25 捷普科技（上海）有限公司 药剂分配器
GB2591796A (en) * 2020-02-07 2021-08-11 Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd Circuit breaker and method for operating a circuit breaker

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010043744A1 (de) * 2010-11-11 2012-05-16 Continental Automotive Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung sowie Verfahren zur Überwachung des Schaltens einer Energiequelle zur Versorgung eines Elektroantriebs

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2001513251A (ja) 2001-08-28
US6104592A (en) 2000-08-15
DE59805512D1 (de) 2002-10-17
EP0963596A1 (fr) 1999-12-15
WO1998038666A1 (fr) 1998-09-03
JP4358308B2 (ja) 2009-11-04

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