EP0952398A2 - Procédé et dispositif d'alimentation en air pour brûler du combustible particulaire - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'alimentation en air pour brûler du combustible particulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0952398A2
EP0952398A2 EP99107650A EP99107650A EP0952398A2 EP 0952398 A2 EP0952398 A2 EP 0952398A2 EP 99107650 A EP99107650 A EP 99107650A EP 99107650 A EP99107650 A EP 99107650A EP 0952398 A2 EP0952398 A2 EP 0952398A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
fuel
grate
cone
combustion grate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99107650A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0952398A3 (fr
EP0952398B1 (fr
Inventor
Fritz Dr.-Ing. Schoppe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schoppe Technologie Dr GmbH
Original Assignee
Schoppe Technologie Dr GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schoppe Technologie Dr GmbH filed Critical Schoppe Technologie Dr GmbH
Publication of EP0952398A2 publication Critical patent/EP0952398A2/fr
Publication of EP0952398A3 publication Critical patent/EP0952398A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0952398B1 publication Critical patent/EP0952398B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion  by discharging the air below the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F23B1/24—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using rotating grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F23B5/04—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in separate combustion chamber; on separate grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
    • F23G5/22—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums the drums being conically shaped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air above the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/103—Combustion in two or more stages in separate chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
    • F23G2203/203—Rotary drum furnace with conically shaped drum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F23G2209/261—Woodwaste

Definitions

  • the underwind For the supply of the underwind it is known to arrange fixed blowing channels below the rotating combustion grate, which have openings directed against the combustion grate, from which the underwind is blown upwards against the underside of the combustion grate.
  • the combustion grate has openings between the grate bars forming it, but only a small part of the underwind can flow through it because the fuel lying on the combustion grate partially blocks these openings. Most of the downwind is therefore usually deflected sideways and downwards. As a result, the fuel lying on the combustion grate does not receive enough combustion air.
  • a further disadvantage is that the underwind deflected in the above-mentioned manner contains entrained gaseous and dusty fuel components which burn.
  • the resulting flame jets overheat and corrode the metallic material of the combustion grate, in particular its support structure consisting of radial support arms and circular rings. With the heating value of the fuel rising, such overheating and corrosion become more serious.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method of the kind outlined in the preamble of claim 1, which ensures an air supply sufficient for the complete combustion of the fuel, avoids overheating of the combustion grate and does not require dust filtering of the combustion exhaust gases.
  • a device suitable for carrying out the method is to be specified.
  • the invention achieves the success it strives for on the one hand in apparatus in that the support arms of the combustion grate are hollow and flowed through by the underwind, whereby they be cooled.
  • the downwind necessarily emerges from the top of the combustion grate, ie directly from the fuel, so that the possibility of deflecting the downwind under the combustion grate is greatly reduced.
  • the upper air is supplied to the flame gases in the form of a high-speed flow which helically surrounds the flame gases and propagates in the direction of the combustion grate, the diameter of this flow vortex increasing.
  • the upstream current thus describes the surface of a truncated cone, the larger diameter of which faces the combustion grate.
  • the headwind is blown in at the smaller diameter of this truncated cone. This creates a negative pressure in the center, which sucks in the flame gases.
  • a zone of intense turbulence forms between the center of the flame gas flow flowing in the direction of this negative pressure point and the toroidal upper wind flow surrounding it, where the flame gases are mixed intensively with the upper wind. This turbulence zone is surrounded on the outside by a cold air flow of fresh upper winds.
  • the headwind is fed at a speed of 40 to 100 m / s, preferably 60 to 80 m / s, which is so high that the centrifugal force acting on the particles in the flame gases throws the particles into the aforementioned cold air flow, where they are cooled down so far that they turn out to be dry. This way, not only the afterburner becomes Exhaust gas flow freed of particles without the use of filters, but also slagging of the incineration plant is avoided.
  • the air duct described in the afterburner can be achieved with the aid of a truncated cone-shaped afterburner chamber, into which the upper wind at the end of the smaller diameter facing away from the combustion grate is blown in via an introduction device which introduces the upper wind tangentially to the wall of the afterburner chamber, where it is at an angle spreads obliquely to the axis of the afterburning chamber in this.
  • an introduction device which introduces the upper wind tangentially to the wall of the afterburner chamber, where it is at an angle spreads obliquely to the axis of the afterburning chamber in this.
  • the top wind is introduced into the afterburning chamber, this can also be conveyed from the outset by flow control devices at an angle to the axis of the afterburning chamber.
  • only those supporting arms of the combustion grate on which fuel is located are supplied during operation, and preferably according to the thickness of the fuel layer.
  • the other support arms, which are not covered by fuel, are not given air. However, they can also be supplied with a small amount of air to prevent the ingress of corrosive fuel gases and fuel or ash particles. A low flow through the support arms not covered by fuel also improves their cooling.
  • each hollow support arm has at least one further opening on the side facing away from the fuel, so that ash or fine fuel components which have fallen through the combustion grate receive combustion air in order to burn out completely. Fuel or ash particles that have penetrated into the pipes can also be blown out through these openings.
  • the combustion grate is advantageously formed by the jacket of a hollow (burning) cone, which carries out a rotary movement about an inclined axis.
  • the afterburning chamber is in this case most conveniently arranged coaxially to the axis of rotation of the cone.
  • the coaxial arrangement of the afterburning chamber directly above the firing cone also has the consequence that the heat radiation of the flame gases burning in the afterburning chamber has an advantageous effect on the fuel in the firing cone and supports the carbonization and combustion process taking place there.
  • the lower diameter of the afterburning chamber should expediently be somewhat larger than the diameter of the upper edge of the firing cone.
  • FIG. 1 shows a complete incineration plant, consisting of a fuel cone K rotating about an inclined axis O and an afterburner N coaxially adjoining the outlet end of the fuel cone K, which are enclosed by a housing G.
  • the firing cone K has a frustoconical section 1, a cylindrical section 2 adjoining it towards the open end, and a section 3 adjoining the latter and narrowing in diameter.
  • the combustion grate of this firing cone K consists of grate bars 4 made of heat-resistant cast iron and of hollow, radial support arms 5 and ring carriers (not shown) which connect the support arms 5 to one another.
  • the firing cone K is held at its smaller diameter end by a plurality of hollow axially parallel legs 6, which are connected to an air collection box 7, which has radial intermediate walls, each of which closes one air collection chamber per support arm 5.
  • the air collection box 7 is firmly connected to a race 8 which is supported by a plurality of stationary rollers (not shown).
  • the race 8 has one opening per support arm 5.
  • a sliding ring 9 is pressed against the side of the race 8 facing away from the firing cone K and carries several connecting pieces which are connected to a common air supply chamber 11 via hose lines 10.
  • the number of connecting pieces is preferably as large as the number of hollow support arms 5.
  • a shaft 12 is rigidly connected to the race 8, which extends on the side of the race 8 facing away from the firing cone K and is supported in its free end region by means of a spherical roller bearing 13.
  • a drive motor 14 can also be seen, which sets the race 8 and thus the fuel cone K in rotation on the axis O via a spur toothing.
  • the frustoconical afterburner N At a distance above the end of the larger diameter of the firing cone K is the frustoconical afterburner N, which is arranged coaxially to the firing cone K.
  • the afterburner N has a truncated cone-shaped afterburner chamber 15, which widens in the direction of the firing cone K and whose lower edge 16 has a larger diameter than the free edge of the narrowing section 3 of the firing cone K.
  • an air collecting space 17 in which radially adjustable guide vanes 18 are arranged. By adjusting the guide vanes 18, the effective opening cross section of the air collecting space 17 can be changed.
  • the air collection space 17 has an opening (not shown) through which upper air can be blown tangentially into the air collection space 17.
  • a narrowed collar 19 adjoins the air collecting space 17, which collar leaves an outlet cross section 20 free.
  • the frusto-conical wall 21 of the afterburning chamber 15 is surrounded by a jacket 22 which, with the wall 21, delimits a chamber through which coolant flows and can be part of the housing G.
  • a feed shaft 23 extends through this jacket 22 and the wall 21 and lies vertically above the opening of the firing cone K and serves to feed fuel into the firing cone K. Suitable closing flaps (not shown) are arranged in the shaft 23.
  • FIG. 1 One can also see in FIG. 1 in the housing G below the firing cone K a screw conveyor arrangement 24 which is used to transport ash accumulating in the housing G serves in an ash outlet 25.
  • the axis of the afterburning chamber 15 can be inclined towards the axis of the firing cone K, in particular upwards, but the edge 16 of the afterburning chamber 15 should remain parallel to the opposite edge of the firing cone K in order to avoid the uncontrolled escape of flame gases or at least to decrease.
  • Fig. 2 shows a section through the conical section of the firing cone K.
  • the support arms 5 can be seen, which are hollow and are arranged at uniform angular intervals.
  • the reference numerals of the individual support arms 5 are provided with suffixes a to 1 for later explanation of the operational sequence.
  • Between the support arms 5 are the grate bars 4 made of heat-resistant greeting, which are essentially T-shaped in cross-section, the wide leg of the T forming the bearing surface for the fuel B, while the rib projecting therefrom not only the stiffening but also the Dissipation of heat is used.
  • the grate bars 4 are at a mutual distance, which is chosen so that ash, but not too large pieces of fuel can fall through the space formed by the distance. The distance is expediently on the order of 4 mm.
  • Fig. 3 one of the support arms 5 is shown enlarged in cross section. It can be seen that from the hollow interior of the same, openings 26 which are inclined at the top lead into the combustion chamber enclosed by the firing cone K. Another opening 27 may be formed on the opposite side. Their purpose will be explained later.
  • the firing cone K rotates around its axis O. This orbital movement is shown in Fig. 2 with the arrow.
  • the fuel B located in the fuel cone K is thereby carried away by the fuel cone, so that there is an inclined slope, as indicated in FIG. 2.
  • This embankment becomes increasingly steep as the fuel cone K rotates and then collapses, with the result that the fuel B is constantly circulated in the fuel cone.
  • the fuel B is ignited at the beginning of the combustion process by an ignition flame which is supplied by a lance (not shown). If the fuel B burns sufficiently, there is no need to support the combustion by the pilot flame. With constant circulation due to the movement of the fuel cone, the fuel B burns in the fuel cone K. Fuel can be added through the shaft 23 at the appropriate time. The metering of the fuel per unit of time is expediently carried out by monitoring the O 2 content contained in the combustion exhaust gases.
  • the flame gases emanating from the firing cone K are sucked into the afterburning chamber 15 by the negative pressure caused by the upper wind flow, whereby they are mixed with the upper wind whirling there intensely. Flammable components of the flame gases are completely burned out. Ash particles are thrown in the direction of the wall 21 and fall down at the edge 16 into the housing G.
  • the support arms 5k, 5l and 5a to 5d in Fig. 2 This can be controlled in such a way that only those connecting pieces are supplied with sub-air, which are arranged at the positions which currently occupy the aforementioned support arms.
  • the support arm 5j Upon further rotation of the firing cone in FIG. 2 counterclockwise, the support arm 5j then enters the combustion zone while the support arm 5d leaves it.
  • the support arm 5i then later enters the combustion zone while the support arm 5c leaves it, etc.
  • the other support arms which are not in the combustion zone that is to say the support arms 5d to 5h in the situation shown in FIG. 2, are not or only weakly supplied with air, for example via appropriate throttling points. This weak supply is used on the one hand for a certain cooling, but mainly to prevent particles from penetrating into them through the openings 26.
  • the design and arrangement of the firing cone K shows that the layer thickness of the fuel over the combustion grate is different. For example, it is largest at the transition between the conical section 1 and the cylindrical section 2 and close to the center of the conical section 1, ie the smallest at its smallest diameter.
  • the openings 26, which are arranged along each support arm 5 can be designed in diameter and / or longitudinal distribution such that the sum of the opening cross sections per unit length of each support arm is approximately proportional to the layer thickness of the respective unit length Support arm lying amount of fuel is.
  • the different degree of coverage of the support arms which results in the different height positions of the support arms during the rotation of the firing cone, can be taken into account by throttling the underwind supply at the slightly higher connection piece.
  • the openings 26 and 27 in the support arms 5 are preferably dimensioned such that, at full load, the speed of the underwind emerging from them is between 20 and 60 m / s, preferably 40 m / s.
  • openings 27 in the support arms 5 serve, on the one hand, to blow out particles which have penetrated into the support arms 5, on the other hand, to supply combustion air to the particles which have fallen into the ash receiving space in the housing G and which may not yet be completely burned out. Therefore, the openings 27 are formed on the outside of the firing cone K in the support arms 5, expediently at the point which is the deepest at the lowest surface line of the firing cone. In the example shown, this would be in the area of the transition between the conical section 1 and the cylindrical section 2 of the firing cone K.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
EP99107650A 1998-04-17 1999-04-16 Procédé et dispositif d'alimentation en air pour brûler du combustible particulaire Expired - Lifetime EP0952398B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19817121 1998-04-17
DE19817121A DE19817121A1 (de) 1998-04-17 1998-04-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zuführung des Windes zur Verbrennung von stückigem Brennstoff

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0952398A2 true EP0952398A2 (fr) 1999-10-27
EP0952398A3 EP0952398A3 (fr) 2000-03-08
EP0952398B1 EP0952398B1 (fr) 2003-08-20

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EP99107650A Expired - Lifetime EP0952398B1 (fr) 1998-04-17 1999-04-16 Procédé et dispositif d'alimentation en air pour brûler du combustible particulaire

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0952398B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE247800T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19817121A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0952398T3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1318351A2 (fr) 2001-12-10 2003-06-11 Fritz Dr.-Ing. Schoppe Dispositif de combustion à combustible solide et procédé pour l'alimentation en air d' un tel dispositif

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1327662A (fr) * 1962-07-04 1963-05-17 Dispositif permettant de brûler des charbons maigres ou autres applications
GB1141562A (en) * 1966-05-09 1969-01-29 Gen Thermique Improvements in or relating to domestic or industrial refuse incinerators
US3599581A (en) * 1969-05-20 1971-08-17 Fritz Schoppe Incinerator
DE9413804U1 (de) * 1993-09-02 1994-11-10 List Guenther Ing Vorrichtung zur Nachverbrennung für einen Gebläsekessel oder Herd
EP0741267A1 (fr) * 1995-05-05 1996-11-06 Deutsche Babcock Anlagen Gmbh Procédé et four pour l'incinération de déchets
EP0754907A2 (fr) * 1995-07-18 1997-01-22 BURMEISTER & WAIN ENERGI A/S Procédé pour contrÔler la combustion dans une chaudière à grille vibrante

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1327662A (fr) * 1962-07-04 1963-05-17 Dispositif permettant de brûler des charbons maigres ou autres applications
GB1141562A (en) * 1966-05-09 1969-01-29 Gen Thermique Improvements in or relating to domestic or industrial refuse incinerators
US3599581A (en) * 1969-05-20 1971-08-17 Fritz Schoppe Incinerator
DE9413804U1 (de) * 1993-09-02 1994-11-10 List Guenther Ing Vorrichtung zur Nachverbrennung für einen Gebläsekessel oder Herd
EP0741267A1 (fr) * 1995-05-05 1996-11-06 Deutsche Babcock Anlagen Gmbh Procédé et four pour l'incinération de déchets
EP0754907A2 (fr) * 1995-07-18 1997-01-22 BURMEISTER & WAIN ENERGI A/S Procédé pour contrÔler la combustion dans une chaudière à grille vibrante

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
F SCHOPPE: "DIE ENTWICKLUNG DES BRENNEKEGELS ZUR ABFALLVERASCHUNG" BRENNSTOFF-W[RME-KRAFT, Bd. 19, Nr. 10, Oktober 1967 (1967-10), Seiten 469-512, XP002125225 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1318351A2 (fr) 2001-12-10 2003-06-11 Fritz Dr.-Ing. Schoppe Dispositif de combustion à combustible solide et procédé pour l'alimentation en air d' un tel dispositif
EP1318351A3 (fr) * 2001-12-10 2003-09-10 Fritz Dr.-Ing. Schoppe Dispositif de combustion à combustible solide et procédé pour l'alimentation en air d' un tel dispositif

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19817121A1 (de) 1999-10-21
DE59906632D1 (de) 2003-09-25
ATE247800T1 (de) 2003-09-15
DK0952398T3 (da) 2003-12-15
EP0952398A3 (fr) 2000-03-08
EP0952398B1 (fr) 2003-08-20

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