EP0952259A2 - Device for preventing flood and erosion damage - Google Patents

Abstract

At least in the area of the hose-shaped body and/or in that of the free edge of the apron draw components are fitted. On the face sides of the hose-shaped body are devices for connection of similar installations. In the at least one apron (7), along its free edge, devices are provided for aligning the apron in a component (17) holding it in a predetermined position. Devices for increasing the apron weight consist of floodable chambers (17) or tubes with apertures or pockets in which weight bars of steel, wood, plastic or concrete are inserted.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for preventing flood and erosion damage to buildings and embankments.

In recent years, floods that have occurred as a result of increasing climate change have caused flooding worldwide to a great extent and have caused damage to buildings, dams and landslides on the ground. Fire brigades, civil and civil protection forces have little effective means of dealing with such disasters. The known conventional and structural protection measures against flooding are only partially effective and must be planned and created in advance. A creation during the disaster is usually no longer possible with the means available today. They stand against unexpected weather influences on overgrown or uncovered slopes and embankments Today's fire brigades also do not have any temporarily usable resources, nor are there any known means, with the exception of sandbags, with which bank areas in the event of flooding can be temporarily or long-term protected against erosion with little effort. There are also no known means, with the exception of sandbags, which can be used to prevent the ingress of mud, debris and debris into buildings when streets are flooded with streams or lakes overflow their banks.

The high costs of solid construction measures make it impossible to implement them in all vulnerable areas. Such measures also conflict with efforts to protect the environment, nature and local heritage.

The use of sandbags, insofar as this is possible at all, can only be done with enormous expenditure of material and personnel and also only under difficult conditions, since the introduction of large amounts of sand in the event of a disaster - this is generally not predictable in time - difficult and also extremely is dangerous because people have to be deployed in acutely endangered areas. In addition, the dams on rivers carrying flood water cannot be protected with sacks, and protection against washing out and washing under water is therefore not possible.

The object of the present invention is to provide a device for preventing flood and erosion damage, which can be relocated quickly and with little effort to the acutely endangered areas with little personnel.

This object is achieved by a device having the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.

The device according to the invention is inexpensive and can be produced in any length. It can consist of sections of 5m, 10m or longer, which can be joined together to form longer units by means of connecting means and which can be transported to the disaster areas by truck or helicopter. The device can be installed with a small number of people or from boats or vehicles. After the disaster event has ended, the devices can be removed, rolled up, cleaned and made available for further use. If they are provided with a floating body, the devices can be laid along the facades of buildings and rise as the water level rises, thereby preventing dirt, mud and debris from entering the building. The entry of water cannot be prevented; this However, damage is significantly less than that of the incoming solids. In this way, entire streets or single houses can be protected. The attachment of the device is simple and can be done within a few minutes by the fire department or the homeowner himself.

If the device is used on the banks of rivers or dams, it can be installed within the warning period and in a short time. The device not only protects the rinsing of the dams and / or bank areas, but it can also be used to increase the dam by 40cm, 60cm or 80cm. The installation is very simple and can be done directly from a vehicle, and the fixation of the device in the bank or in the dam can be done by means of piles, if necessary. Instead of or in addition to anchoring, the device can be stabilized by flooding the chambers present therein or by inserting ballast bodies.

When securing slopes that are at risk of slipping, one or more devices can be inserted into the slope and secured by staking. In the case of permanently endangered slopes, ie slopes that do not only need to be protected in the event of a rain event, or on embankments that have already been damaged by landslides, a suitable choice of the Material of the device is an overgrowth with the substrate or a successive biodegradation. By suitable planting through the device, the slope is protected by the device as the young plants grow; after growing, the rooted plants serve as slope protection and slope protection.
The water flowing in on the slope side can either be led out of the slope area within the tubular body or in the skirt designed as a gutter, or can be collected and discharged in a targeted manner. Alternatively, in a further embodiment, water can be supplied through the tubular body in dry periods and can be dispensed dropwise through small openings for moistening, for example an embankment. In this way, an irrigation system is created from a drainage system.

The devices can, if they are provided with buoyancy bodies, similar to oil barriers, be used as flotsam barriers to protect reed areas or nature reserves.

Figur 1

eine Vorrichtung für den Einsatz als Hochwasser-, Damm- und Hangschutz,

Figur 2

eine Verlängerungs- und Zusatzschürze für die Vorrichtung gemäss Figur 1 mit Flutkammern als Gewichtskörper,

Figur 3

eine Verlängerungs- und Zusatzschürze für die Vorrichtung gemäss Figur 1 mit festen Einlagekörpern,

Figur 4

eine Schürze mit Doppelmantel zum Fluten,

Figur 5

einen Querschnitt durch einen Damm oder eine Uferböschung mit einer angelegten Vorrichtung,

Figur 6

eine Aufsicht auf den Damm und die Vorrichtung gemäss Figur 5,

Figur 7

eine Vorrichtung zum Schutze eines Hanges oder einer Böschung,

Figur 8

eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung gemäss Figur 7,

Figur 9

eine Vorrichtung im Abrissbereich eines Hangrutsches,

Figur 10

eine weitere Vorrichtung im Abrissbereich eines Hangrutsches,

Figur 11

Befestigungsmittel für die Befestigung der Vorrichtung zum Hangschutz gemäss Figur 7,

Figur 12

eine Ansicht eines befestigten Hangs,

Figur 13

eine gitterförmige Vorrichtung,

Figur 14

einen Längsschnitt durch den Volumenkörper und

Figur 15

einen Querschnitt durch die Vorrichtung,

Figur 16

einen Teilquerschnitt durch eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung mit einer Entwässerungsrinne,

Figur 17

eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausgestaltung einer Entwässerungsrinne,

Figur 18

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer weiteren Ausgestaltung einer Entwässerungsrinne,

Figur 19

einen Querschnitt durch die Krone einer doppelseitigen Böschung,

Figur 20

eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausgestaltung einer Vorrichtung mit seitlich angebrachten stabförmigen Versteifungselementen,

Figur 21

eine Seitenansicht der Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung mit einem seitlich angebrachten stabförmigen Versteifungselement und einem Verbindungselement,

Figur 22

eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausgestaltung einer Vorrichtung mit seitlich angebrachten flachen Versteifungselementen,

Figur 23

eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausgestaltung einer Vorrichtung mit seitlich angebrachten flachen Versteifungselementen.

The invention is explained in more detail on the basis of illustrated exemplary embodiments. Show it

Figure 1

a device for use as flood, dam and slope protection,

Figure 2

1 an extension and additional apron for the device according to FIG. 1 with flood chambers as a weight body,

Figure 3

1 an extension and additional apron for the device according to FIG. 1 with fixed insert bodies,

Figure 4

an apron with a double jacket for flooding,

Figure 5

a cross section through a dam or bank embankment with an applied device,

Figure 6

a top view of the dam and the device according to Figure 5,

Figure 7

a device for protecting a slope or embankment,

Figure 8

7 a further embodiment of a device according to FIG. 7,

Figure 9

a device in the demolition area of a landslide,

Figure 10

another device in the demolition area of a hill slide,

Figure 11

Fastening means for fastening the device for slope protection according to FIG. 7,

Figure 12

a view of a fortified slope,

Figure 13

a grid-shaped device,

Figure 14

a longitudinal section through the solid and

Figure 15

a cross section through the device,

Figure 16

a partial cross section through another Design of the device with a drainage channel,

Figure 17

a side view of a further embodiment of a drainage channel,

Figure 18

1 shows a perspective view of a further embodiment of a drainage channel,

Figure 19

a cross section through the crown of a double-sided embankment,

Figure 20

2 shows a side view of a further embodiment of a device with laterally attached rod-shaped stiffening elements,

Figure 21

1 shows a side view of the configuration of the device with a rod-shaped stiffening element and a connecting element,

Figure 22

1 shows a side view of a further embodiment of a device with flat stiffening elements attached to the side,

Figure 23

a side view of another embodiment of a device with laterally attached flat stiffening elements.

The device shown in Figure 1 shows a finite barrier section 1 of length L, the structure of which is based on that of floating oil barriers, as are known for example from CH 686685.

The barrier section 1 comprises at the top a bead-shaped or tubular area 3, which accommodates in its interior solid bodies 5 which essentially fill the cavity available to them. The tubular area 3 and the apron 7 adjoining it are made of a sheet-like material, e.g. fabric or mesh. Eyelets 11 and / or brackets 13 are arranged along the two side edges 9 (narrow sides). These serve to fasten a similar lock section 1 or to anchor the lock section.

Along the lower edge of the barrier section 1, a pulling element 15, a rope or a chain is inserted inside the apron 7 or in a hem attached to it. Further traction elements 15 are also used along the upper edge of the barrier section 1, or within the tubular region 3 and below the solid bodies, at the ends of which connecting means, e.g. Loops are attached, which are intended to provide a tensile connection to the adjacent barrier section 1 or to an anchor. The design of the tension elements 15 and their connecting means are known from the prior art and are therefore not explained in more detail.

Within the apron 7 are parallel or oblique to the Longitudinal edges of chambers 17 are formed, which are in communication with the surroundings via openings 19. The chambers 17 can be constructed as follows: The barrier section 1 is produced by folding a sheet-like structure (fabric) by attaching seams 21 made of thread or by welding. Cavities are created between the seams in the lower region, ie the chambers 17, which can fill with water when introduced into a body of water. Alternatively, in the area of the chambers 17 to be produced, tubular structures with seams 21 can be applied to the apron 17 if the apron is made of water-permeable material (FIG. 2).

In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, an additional apron 7 'is shown, which can be attached to eyelets 23 or the like on the lower edge of the barrier section 1 according to FIG. For this purpose, on the upper edge of the additional apron 7 ', e.g. two tabs 25 and 27 are formed, loops 23 in turn being attached to tab 27; on the tab 25, swivel brackets 29 are fastened, with which the additional apron can be suspended from the section 1 thereof.

As an alternative to a flooded apron 7, an additional apron 7 'is shown in FIG. 3, in which concrete, wood, plastic or metal rods 31 can be inserted into pockets 33. The bars 31 are inserted in the vertical direction, in order to be able to either roll up the lock section 1 on a reel for storage or to fold the lock section 1 and to stack it on pallets or other means of transport in the smallest space.

In the embodiment of the additional apron 7 'according to FIG. 4, this is double-walled and can be filled with water or flooded. In order to be able to empty such a barrier section 1 again after use, the water can either be sucked off via a suction pipe 35 or discharged via an outlet 37 on the lower edge of the apron 7 '.
The means for increasing the mass (weight) of the apron 7, 7 'shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 can of course also be provided directly in an apron 7 or a barrier section 1, as shown in FIG. 1.

In the sectional view according to FIG. 5, a barrier section 1 is shown, which lies to secure a dam 39 or a bank slope on a body of water (flowing or standing) 41. The upper region of the barrier section 1 with the solid bodies 5 in the tubular part 3 lies on top of the crown of the dam 39 and additionally increases this by an amount h which corresponds to the diameter of the solid bodies 5.

Materials which have a lower specific weight than water and which of course cannot be soaked with water are preferably used as the solid. The barrier section 1 is held on the crown of the dam 39 with safety ropes 43 and fastening piles 45. The apron 7 lies against the embankment 47 and is pressed against the latter by the flooded chambers 17. In order to ensure that the apron 7 is already in contact when laying, chains with a high weight are preferably used as tension elements 15. To secure the sections 1 on the crown of the dam 39 or in the bank area of a river or water 41, additional holding brackets or textile loops 49 can be attached to the tubular areas 3. These can also serve as handles when the device is moved or packed together.

As soon as the barrier sections 1 are relocated and the water in the water 41 rises, the chambers 17 fill, so that the apron 7 or the additional aprons 7 'cannot be lifted off the bank area by waves or flowing water.

The dam 39 can be protected against inundation and / or flooding with a few barrier sections 1 over a shorter distance or with a larger number of barrier sections 1 over a longer distance. The

Barrier sections 1 can be moved from the crown of the dam 39 to or from the shore in the water 41 even before the rain event, if this is expected, or at a later time. Fauna temporarily lying below the aprons 7 is probably compressed by the pressure of the water; however, it is not destroyed, either by washing out, slipping or other interventions such as laying stones, slabs, etc. The material for the apron 7 can be water-permeable or impermeable. In the case of high dams 39 or river banks, one or more additional aprons 7 'can be attached to the barrier sections 1 at the bottom. It is possible to provide the additional aprons 7 'only in certain areas where it is necessary.
In the embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 7, the barrier sections 1 serve to secure slopes which are at risk of slipping, in which the protective surface which has been infested with roots (turf 55) can slip due to heavy rainfall. The barrier sections 1 are anchored in this application with piles 51 or pipes in slope 53. In contrast to the bank reinforcement, the tubular area 3 lies at the bottom; the apron 7 extends upwards. This creates a stepped surface. The piles 51 can be located below the tubular regions 3 filled with solid bodies 5 lie and support them, or they can penetrate the aprons 7 as shown in Figure 8, and the tubular regions 3 are then attached to it. The aprons 7 can be loaded by water-filled chambers 17 or rest on the ground due to their own weight.
The illustration in FIG. 9 shows the safety or erosion barrier in the area of an erosion crack at the upper end of a slope. The still present turf 55 has already been rinsed, and the tubular area 3 is placed under the rinsed turf 55 and held in place with piles 45 and, if necessary, additionally via the tension element 15, which is also secured with fastening piles 45.

FIG. 10 shows a similar embodiment of the invention, where the tubular region 3 is connected to the turf 55 and the ground on two short aprons 7 ″ attached to it. However, there is also the possibility of passing a tube 57 in the tubular region 3 through the solid 5, through which fastening posts 45 can be guided. As a result, the barrier section 1 can be held directly by the fastening post 45 (FIG. 11).

Preferably for this application, ie the Securing a slope or slope that is at risk of slipping, a water-permeable material for the tubular area 3 and for the apron 7 is used. If the material is mesh-like or lattice-shaped, the vegetation can continue to thrive through the apron 7, or plants, for example willows or other fast-growing bushes or grasses can be planted through the apron 7. The apron 7 then serves as a reinforcement grid. Of course, a decomposable or biodegradable material, be it natural fibers or synthetic fibers that are biodegradable, can also be used as the apron material.

In Figure 12, a slope and slope protection is shown, which consists of a single barrier section 1, which is secured with continuous fastening posts 45. A local demolition point can be secured with this device, the upper barrier section 1 protecting the cracked area at the end of the turf 55; the lower barrier section 1 serves as a collector for slipping material 59.

FIG. 13 shows a barrier section 2 with a porous jacket or lattice-like jacket, such as is used, for example, to protect demolition points, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 9 can. For this purpose, short apron sections 61 are provided on both sides of the tubular region 3, to which additional aprons 7 ′, as shown in FIGS. 2-4, can be attached if necessary. Eyelets 23, as already described above, are provided for fastening the additional aprons 7 '.

The solid bodies 5 have different properties, which depend on the type of use of the barrier sections 1. For the use as erosion protection on waters and dams, closed-pore foams are preferably used, which do not absorb water and can float on it when the water rises. For the use as erosion protection in slopes there are materials that do not absorb water or let it flow through. For permanent slope stabilization, materials are used that rot over the course of one, two or more years and are overgrown and / or absorbed by the root system. It is consequently also possible to introduce 5 seeds into the solids, which let plants sprout, whose roots contribute to the slope protection. The solid 5 can be designed as a solid (Figure 14) or tubular.

In addition to the connecting means described for FIG. 1 for connecting individual barrier sections 1, all connecting means can of course be provided be how they are used for oil barriers. By appropriate dimensioning of the tubular areas 3 and the aprons 7, erosion and flood barriers can also be combined with oil barriers. This shows that the handling of the erosion and flood barriers is related to that of the oil barriers and can also be transported in the same way on reels.

In the third embodiment of the invention, the barrier sections 1, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, can be used to protect buildings in the event of flooding. For this purpose, the barrier sections 1 are fastened to the floor along house walls on the lower edges of the aprons 7. As the water level rises, the solids 5 in the tubular regions 3 lift the barrier sections 1 upward and thus prevent the entry of solids (debris, mud, stones) into the interior of the houses.
These barrier sections 1, which are made of very tear-resistant material and which are also reinforced by the tension elements 15, can also be introduced into standing water in the event of flooding, or if the aprons 7 consist of nets, into flowing water in order to shore areas, reed areas or nature reserves from driftwood and to protect the like. At the same time, due to the partial immersion in the water surface, tubular area 3 and possibly the following apron 7 oil floating on the water, as is usually done with the floating oil barriers of known design. However, they are not trained to stop driftwood.

In the embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 16, a hollow space 61 is formed in the tubular body or region 3 in the region of the lower apex, into which water enters through holes or eyes 63 and can be removed from the slope or embankment region along the tubular body or region 3 . Alternatively, water can be supplied in dry periods for irrigation of newly planted slopes or recultivation of flooded slopes and released dropwise through the holes 63. A water-carrying channel 65 can also be formed with the apron 7 (FIGS. 17 and 18). Means, for example eyelets 69 or rope loops 71, are attached along the free edge 67 of the apron 7, by means of which the apron 7 can be raised.
In the embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 19, two tubular bodies 3 serve to delimit a crown of a dam 71. The two bodies 3 can be connected to one another on the crown by an apron 7. Additional aprons 7 can protect the slope 73 from erosion, at least in the crown area. Through the fine holes 63 can dropwise water for moistening the slope in Dry times are given.

In the embodiment of the device according to FIGS. 20 and 21, the side edges 9 are formed by tubular or rod-shaped stiffening elements 81 which essentially extend between the two tension elements 15. The stiffening elements 81 can be inserted in a seam 83 formed by the tubular region 3. To attach individual barrier sections 1, e.g. for flood protection on building walls, plug-in rails 85 can be used, which laterally comprise a receiving groove 87 for the stiffening elements 81 and bores or eyelets 89 for anchoring pins 91 (see FIG. 23). As an alternative to rod-shaped stiffening elements 81, plate-shaped stiffening elements 93 can also occur. The loops are preferably located at the ends of the tension elements 15 directly above the eyelets 89. As a result, the tension elements 15 and the plate-shaped side edges 9 can be fixed simultaneously with the anchoring pins 91.

Claims (12)

Device for preventing flood and erosion damage to buildings and embankments, comprising a tubular body with solid bodies inserted therein, on the lateral surface of which an apron is attached or can be attached and at least one each in the area of the tubular body and / or in the area of the free edge of the Apron attached pulling element, as well as connecting means arranged on the end faces of the tubular bodies for connecting similar devices, wherein in the at least one apron (7) along its free edge means for aligning the apron (7) into a predetermined position of the apron (7) holding means (17.71). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (17) for increasing the apron weight is attached and the apron (7) is placed in a downward or channel-shaped position. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the means for increasing the apron weight attached to or formed on the apron (7) floodable Chambers (17) or tubes (35) with openings (19) or (37) or in rods (33) insertable weight bars (31) made of steel, wood, plastic or concrete. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the floodable chambers (17) are inserted into the apron (7), running parallel to the tubular region (3). Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the tubes (35) and the pockets (33) are inserted into the apron (7) at right angles to the tubular region (3). Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the solid (59) consist of a floatable and / or rotten material. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the apron (7) consists of a water-permeable decomposable material. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the tubular region (3) tubes (57) are inserted for pushing through fastening piles (45). Device according to one of claims 1 to 6 and 8, characterized in that the apron (7) is designed as a channel (65) through which incoming water can be guided along the tubular body (3) and can be discharged at a predetermined point. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the apron (7) is designed as a groove (65) or that water can be passed through within the tubular body (3) and can be discharged in drops through a plurality of openings (63). Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that rod, pipe or plate-shaped stiffening elements (81, 85) are arranged at the ends of the tubular body (3). Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the rod-shaped or tubular stiffening elements (81) can be fixed with the aid of a plug-in rail (85) with a lateral receiving groove (87) for the stiffening elements (81) and that the plate-shaped stiffening elements (93) have bores or Have eyelets (89) for fixing, the loop-shaped ends of the tension elements (15) coming to lie over the eyelets (89) and being able to be fixed in place.

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