EP0940531B1 - Closing assitance device for doors, bonnets and tailgates of a vehicle - Google Patents
Closing assitance device for doors, bonnets and tailgates of a vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0940531B1 EP0940531B1 EP99104400A EP99104400A EP0940531B1 EP 0940531 B1 EP0940531 B1 EP 0940531B1 EP 99104400 A EP99104400 A EP 99104400A EP 99104400 A EP99104400 A EP 99104400A EP 0940531 B1 EP0940531 B1 EP 0940531B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- closure
- carrier plate
- aid
- accordance
- drive motor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B81/00—Power-actuated vehicle locks
- E05B81/12—Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators
- E05B81/20—Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators for assisting final closing or for initiating opening
- E05B81/22—Power-actuated vehicle locks characterised by the function or purpose of the powered actuators for assisting final closing or for initiating opening by movement of the striker
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
- E05B15/02—Striking-plates; Keepers; Bolt staples; Escutcheons
- E05B15/0205—Striking-plates, keepers, staples
- E05B15/022—Striking-plates, keepers, staples movable, resilient or yieldable
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a closing aid for doors or flaps of a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1 (see DE-A-4006 593).
- Such locking aids are generally known and are used to Door or flap of a motor vehicle that is in a locking position to move automatically into a final closing position.
- vehicle doors or trunk lids only need to be low Force closed until a pre-closing position is reached.
- a signal generator is used a signal is sent to a control system which activates the locking aid, so that the respective door or flap automatically and with external power is closed.
- the support plate provided according to the invention with a fastening surface enables the assembly of various locking elements a lock so that, for example, on the mounting surface Striker, a striker or a striker can be attached can.
- the locking aid according to the invention can thus be used universally.
- the locking element is directly on the carrier plate mounted so that no intermediate supports or the like are required here are.
- the required positioning of the locking element by means of the drive motor can be provided via the invention Carrier plate can be varied as desired, so that here too for an adjustment different vehicle models.
- this bolt As an eccentric is a Bolt arranged directly on an output shaft of the drive motor which results in a compact arrangement. According to the invention however, this bolt is not used directly as a locking element, rather the bolt drives the carrier plate provided according to the invention whose mounting surface for mounting the locking element, for example a locking bolt.
- a guide preferably a linear guide
- the carrier plate be to ensure a linear reciprocation to close the door or hatch of the motor vehicle.
- the guide is formed on a base plate, the preferably serves as a drive carrier.
- a base plate enables in a simple manner the assembly of the drive motor and thus carries to a compact structure.
- the eccentric is guided in an elongated hole in the carrier plate the rotational movement of the drive motor in a linear movement of the To convert carrier plate.
- a 180 ° rotation of the eccentric a displacement of the support plate from one Closed position in an open position and vice versa, because in this If a secure locking is guaranteed.
- the mounting surface of the carrier plate is preferably designed to be flat to allow assembly of different locking elements.
- the locking element with a holding block on the carrier plate be attached.
- the locking aid shown in Fig. 1 has a base plate 10 which in is essentially flat and flat and has a top Carrier plate 12 supports the linear guides, not shown (in Fig. 1) can be moved to the right and left.
- the base plate 10 serves at the same time as a carrier for a drive motor 14, on its output shaft 16 eccentrically attached a bolt 18 with a circular cross section is.
- the top of the carrier plate 12 is essentially flat and forms a fastening surface 20 for mounting a locking element, in which a lock of the door or flap can engage.
- a locking element in which a lock of the door or flap can engage.
- illustrated embodiment is the locking element by a Striker 22 formed, which is held on the mounting surface via a holding block 24 20 of the support plate 12 is attached.
- the one on the output shaft 16 is arranged eccentrically Bolt 18 guided in an elongated hole 26 of the support plate 12, so that at a rotation of the drive motor 14 this rotary movement over the as Eccentric bolts 18 in a linear movement of the carrier plate 12 is converted in the direction of the arrow.
- the bolt 18 moves from the position shown in Fig. 2 by rotation of the drive motor 14 in Clockwise, the carrier plate 12 is displaced in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 2, until the bolt 18 is in the position shown in dashed lines.
- the carrier plate 12 together with the carrier plate 12, there is also the one on it assembled striker 22 moved.
- Figs. 1 and 2 can by rotating the drive motor 14 or the bolt 18 by 180 ° of the striker 22 from a closed Position can be moved to an open position.
- the lock of an associated door or hatch in the open position Slightly snap into the striker as the door seal closes no great resistance to the door yet.
- the closing aid is then the striker 22 in the closed Moved position in the door or flap of the motor vehicle is properly closed.
- the activation of the locking aid will initiated via a switch or a signal generator, the a signal released to an assigned control for the closing process.
- the drive motor 16 which is preferably is designed as a geared motor, via the output shaft 16 as Eccentric acting bolt 18, which in turn by the intended Linear guide the carrier plate 12 linearly and relative to the base plate 10 moves.
- the drive motor 14 drives the output shaft 16 by a further 180 °, so that the carrier plate 12 together with the striker 22 is moved “outwards” accordingly. Since the Eccentric 18 both in the open position and in the closed position in is at its dead center, the carrier plate 12 is in these two positions blocked and cannot be moved.
- the locking aid according to the invention can be used universally and for different purposes Use vehicle types.
Landscapes
- Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Schließhilfe für Türen oder Klappen eines Kraftfahrzeuges, nach dem oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 (vgl. DE-A- 4006 593).The present invention relates to a closing aid for doors or flaps of a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1 (see DE-A-4006 593).
Derartige Schließhilfen sind grundsätzlich bekannt und dienen dazu, die sich in einer Vorschließstellung befindende Tür oder Klappe eines Kraftfahrzeuges automatisch in eine Endschließstellung zu bewegen. Beispielsweise müssen Fahrzeugtüren oder Kofferraumdeckel nur mit geringer Kraft geschlossen werden, bis eine Vorschließstellung erreicht ist. Nach dem Einrasten des zugeordneten Schlosses wird über einen Signalgeber ein Signal an eine Steuerung gegeben, welche die Schließhilfe aktiviert, so daß die jeweilige Tür oder Klappe automatisch und mit Fremdkraft geschlossen wird.Such locking aids are generally known and are used to Door or flap of a motor vehicle that is in a locking position to move automatically into a final closing position. For example vehicle doors or trunk lids only need to be low Force closed until a pre-closing position is reached. After the associated lock has clicked into place, a signal generator is used a signal is sent to a control system which activates the locking aid, so that the respective door or flap automatically and with external power is closed.
Um derartige Schließhilfen zu realisieren, sind verschiedenste Ausführungsformen bekannt geworden. Beispielsweise wurde versucht, eine Schließhilfe durch Zahnstangen, Schraubengetriebe, Linearmotoren oder durch hydraulische Hubkolben zu realisieren. Auch wurde vorgeschlagen, einen Schließbolzen direkt auf einer Exzenterwelle anzuordnen.A wide variety of embodiments are available for realizing such locking aids known. For example, an attempt was made to Locking aid through racks, screw gears, linear motors or realized by hydraulic reciprocating pistons. It has also been suggested to arrange a locking bolt directly on an eccentric shaft.
Es ist das der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrundeliegende Problem (Aufgabe), eine Schließhilfe für Türen oder Klappen eines Kraftfahrzeuges zu schaffen, die kompakt ausgebildet ist und die bestengünstig hergestellt werden kann. It is the problem underlying the present invention (Task), a locking aid for doors or flaps of a motor vehicle to create that is compact and the can be produced at the best possible price.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.
Die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Trägerplatte mit einer Befestigungsfläche ermöglicht die Montage verschiedenartigster Verriegelungselemente eines Schlosses, so daß auf der Befestigungsfläche beispielsweise ein Schließkeil, ein Schließbolzen oder auch ein Schließbügel befestigt werden kann. Die erfindungsgemäße Schließhilfe ist somit universell einsetzbar.The support plate provided according to the invention with a fastening surface enables the assembly of various locking elements a lock so that, for example, on the mounting surface Striker, a striker or a striker can be attached can. The locking aid according to the invention can thus be used universally.
Erfindungsgemäß wird das Verriegelungselement unmittelbar auf der Trägerplatte montiert, so daß hier keine Zwischenträger oder dergleichen erforderlich sind. Die erforderliche Positionierung des Verriegelungselementes durch den Antriebsmotor kann über die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Trägerplatte beliebig variiert werden, so daß auch hier für eine Anpassung an unterschiedliche Fahrzeugmodelle gesorgt ist.According to the invention, the locking element is directly on the carrier plate mounted so that no intermediate supports or the like are required here are. The required positioning of the locking element by means of the drive motor can be provided via the invention Carrier plate can be varied as desired, so that here too for an adjustment different vehicle models.
Als Exzenter ist ein Bolzen unmittelbar auf einer Abtriebswelle des Antriebsmotors angeordnet wodurch sich eine kompakte Anordnung ergibt. Erfindungsgemäß wird jedoch dieser Bolzen nicht direkt als Verriegelungselement eingesetzt, sondern der Bolzen treibt die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Trägerplatte an, deren Befestigungsfläche zur Montage des Verriegelungselementes, beispielsweise eines Schließbolzens dient.As an eccentric is a Bolt arranged directly on an output shaft of the drive motor which results in a compact arrangement. According to the invention however, this bolt is not used directly as a locking element, rather the bolt drives the carrier plate provided according to the invention whose mounting surface for mounting the locking element, for example a locking bolt.
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in der Beschreibung, der Zeichnung sowie den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are in the description, the drawing and the subclaims.
Der Trägerplatte kann eine Führung, vorzugsweise eine Linearführung zugeordnet sein, um eine lineare Hin- und Herbewegung zu gewährleisten, um die Tür oder Klappe des Kraftfahrzeuges zu schließen. Hierbei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Führung an einer Grundplatte ausgebildet ist, die vorzugsweise als Antriebsträger dient. Eine derartige Grundplatte ermöglicht auf einfache Weise die Montage des Antriebsmotors und trägt somit zu einem kompakten Aufbau bei.A guide, preferably a linear guide, can be assigned to the carrier plate be to ensure a linear reciprocation to close the door or hatch of the motor vehicle. Here it is advantageous if the guide is formed on a base plate, the preferably serves as a drive carrier. Such a base plate enables in a simple manner the assembly of the drive motor and thus carries to a compact structure.
Der Exzenter ist in einem Langloch der Trägerplatte geführt, um die Rotationsbewegung des Antriebsmotors in eine Linearbewegung der Trägerplatte umzuwandeln. Hierbei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn eine 180°-Drehung des Exzenters eine Verschiebung der Trägerplatte von einer Schließstellung in eine Offenstellung und umgekehrt bewirkt, da in diesem Fall eine sichere Verriegelung gewährleistet ist.The eccentric is guided in an elongated hole in the carrier plate the rotational movement of the drive motor in a linear movement of the To convert carrier plate. Here it is advantageous if a 180 ° rotation of the eccentric a displacement of the support plate from one Closed position in an open position and vice versa, because in this If a secure locking is guaranteed.
Die Befestigungsfläche der Trägerplatte ist bevorzugt eben ausgebildet, um eine Montage unterschiedlicher Verriegelungselemente zu ermöglichen. Hierbei kann das Verriegelungselement mit einem Halteblock auf der Trägerplatte befestigt sein.The mounting surface of the carrier plate is preferably designed to be flat to allow assembly of different locking elements. Here, the locking element with a holding block on the carrier plate be attached.
Nachfolgend wird die folgende Erfindung rein beispielhaft anhand einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform und unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Querschnittsansicht einer Schließhilfe; und
- Fig. 2
- eine Draufsicht auf die Schließhilfe von Fig. 1.
- Fig. 1
- a cross-sectional view of a locking aid; and
- Fig. 2
- 2 shows a top view of the locking aid from FIG. 1.
Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Schließhilfe weist eine Grundplatte 10 auf, die im
wesentlichen flächig und eben ausgebildet ist und an ihrer Oberseite eine
Trägerplatte 12 lagert, die über nicht dargestellte Linearführungen (in Fig.
1) nach rechts und links verschiebbar ist. Die Grundplatte 10 dient
gleichzeitig als Träger für einen Antriebsmotor 14, an dessen Abtriebswelle
16 exzentrisch ein Bolzen 18 mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt angebracht
ist.The locking aid shown in Fig. 1 has a
Die Oberseite der Trägerplatte 12 ist im wesentlichen eben ausgebildet
und bildet eine Befestigungsfläche 20 zur Montage eines Verriegelungselementes,
in das ein Schloß der Tür oder Klappe eingreifen kann. Bei dem
dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Verriegelungselement durch einen
Schließbügel 22 gebildet, der über einen Halteblock 24 auf der Befestigungsfläche
20 der Trägerplatte 12 befestigt ist.The top of the
Wie Fig. 2 zeigt, ist der auf der Abtriebswelle 16 exzentrisch angeordnete
Bolzen 18 in einem Langloch 26 der Trägerplatte 12 geführt, so daß bei
einer Drehung des Antriebsmotors 14 diese Drehbewegung über den als
Exzenter wirkenden Bolzen 18 in eine Linearbewegung der Trägerplatte 12
in Pfeilrichtung umgewandelt wird. Bewegt sich somit der Bolzen 18 von
der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Lage durch Drehung des Antriebsmotors 14 im
Uhrzeigersinn, so wird die Trägerplatte 12 in Figur 2 in Pfeilrichtung verschoben,
bis sich der Bolzen 18 in der gestrichelt dargestellten Lage befindet.
Hierbei hat sich zusammen mit der Trägerplatte 12 auch der darauf
montierte Schließbügel 22 verschoben.As shown in FIG. 2, the one on the
Wie in den Fig. 1 und 2 angedeutet ist, kann durch Drehen des Antriebsmotors
14 bzw. des Bolzens 18 um 180° der Schließbügel 22 von einer geschlossenen
Position in eine offene Position bewegt werden. Hierbei kann
das Schloß einer zugeordneten Tür oder Klappe in der offenen Position
leicht in den Schließbügel einrasten, da die Türdichtung beim Schließen
der Türe noch keinen großen Widerstand entgegensetzt. Durch Aktivieren
der Schließhilfe wird anschließend der Schließbügel 22 in die geschlossene
Position bewegt, in der die Türe oder die Klappe des Kraftfahrzeuges
ordnungsgemäß verschlossen ist. Die Aktivierung der Schließhilfe wird
dabei über einen Schalter oder einen Signalgeber eingeleitet, der ein Signal
an eine zugeordnete Steuerung für den Schließvorgang freigibt. Nach
dem Aktivieren der Schließhilfe treibt der Antriebsmotor 16, der vorzugsweise
als Getriebemotor ausgebildet ist, über die Abtriebswelle 16 den als
Exzenter wirkenden Bolzen 18 an, der wiederum durch die vorgesehene
Linearführung die Trägerplatte 12 linear und relativ zu der Grundplatte
10 bewegt. Da der Schließbügel nach Einrasten des Schlosses mit der Tür
bzw. der Klappe verbunden ist, wird diese durch die Linearbewegung der
Trägerplatte an die Tür- bzw. Klappendichtung angepreßt. Für einen
nachfolgenden "Öffnungsvorgang" treibt der Antriebsmotor 14 die Abtriebswelle
16 um weitere 180°, so daß die Trägerplatte 12 zusammen mit
dem Schließbügel 22 entsprechend "nach außen" bewegt wird. Da sich der
Exzenter 18 sowohl in der Offenstellung wie auch in der Schließstellung in
seinem Totpunkt befindet, ist die Trägerplatte 12 in diesen beiden Stellungen
blockiert und kann nicht bewegt werden. As indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, can by rotating the drive motor
14 or the
Durch die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Trägerplatte 12, die eine große
Befestigungsfläche für unterschiedlichste Verriegelungselemente 22 bietet,
läßt sich die erfindungsgemäße Schließhilfe universell und für unterschiedliche
Fahrzeugtypen einsetzen. Due to the
- 1010
- Grundplattebaseplate
- 1212
- Trägerplattesupport plate
- 1414
- Antriebsmotordrive motor
- 1616
- Abtriebswelleoutput shaft
- 1818
- Exzentereccentric
- 2020
- Befestigungsflächemounting surface
- 2222
- Schließbügelstriker
- 2424
- Halteblockholding block
- 2626
- LanglochLong hole
Claims (7)
- Closure aid for doors or flaps or tailgates of a motor vehicle, comprisinga drive motor (14);an eccentric element (18) which is driven by the drive motor (14); anda carrier plate (12) which can be linearly displaced by the eccentric element (18) and which has a mounting surface (20) for a latching element (22) of a lock,
in that the eccentric element (18) is guided in an elongate bore (26) of the carrier plate (12). - Closure aid in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the latching element is a closure wedge, a closure bolt or a closure hoop (22).
- Closure aid in accordance with at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a guide, preferably a linear guide, is associated with the carrier plate (12).
- Closure aid in accordance with claim 3, characterised in that the guide is formed at a base plate (10) which preferably serves as a drive carrier.
- Closure aid in accordance with at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a 180° rotation of the eccentric element (18) effects a displacement of the carrier plate (12) from a closure position into an open position and vice versa.
- Closure aid in accordance with at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the mounting surface (20) is made planar.
- Closure aid in accordance with at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the latching element (22) is fastened to the carrier plate (12) by a holding block (24).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19809708 | 1998-03-06 | ||
DE19809708A DE19809708A1 (en) | 1998-03-06 | 1998-03-06 | Locking aid |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0940531A1 EP0940531A1 (en) | 1999-09-08 |
EP0940531B1 true EP0940531B1 (en) | 2003-09-17 |
Family
ID=7860002
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99104400A Expired - Lifetime EP0940531B1 (en) | 1998-03-06 | 1999-03-04 | Closing assitance device for doors, bonnets and tailgates of a vehicle |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0940531B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19809708A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10247539A1 (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-04-22 | Delphi Technologies, Inc., Troy | closing aid |
DE10310766A1 (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2004-09-23 | Siemens Ag | Arrangement for reversible movement of a lock yoke has bolt rotatably mounted on yoke wire, connected by gears to electric motor; rotation axis is parallel to longitudinal axis of second wire of yoke |
DE10314124A1 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-07 | Valeo Sicherheitssysteme Gmbh | Locking aid for locking a vehicle door |
DE10321262A1 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-12-02 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Lock for vehicle door, has stop that is contacted by guide section when guide section is urged by spring due to closing pin engaging rotating case |
DE10321275B4 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2017-07-27 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Lock arrangement for a vehicle |
DE10361843A1 (en) | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-28 | Brose Schließsysteme GmbH & Co.KG | Lock wedge drive assembly for a motor vehicle door lock |
DE102004016867A1 (en) * | 2004-04-03 | 2005-10-20 | Brose Schliesssysteme Gmbh | Lock wedge drive assembly for a motor vehicle lock |
ES2272132B1 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2008-03-01 | Tubsa Automocion, S.L. | LOCK DEVICE. |
CZ296893B6 (en) * | 2005-04-18 | 2006-07-12 | Value Engineering Services S. R. O. | Door closing device |
WO2010144914A2 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2010-12-16 | A. Raymond Et Cie. | Power cinching striker |
DE102019108625A1 (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2020-10-08 | Ardian Kulic | Lock holder for a motor vehicle door lock |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2906860A1 (en) * | 1979-02-22 | 1980-09-04 | Egon Ing Grad Gelhard | Motor vehicle door closing and locking mechanism - has servomotor swivelling catch plate with lever and guide rod |
DE3412959A1 (en) * | 1984-04-06 | 1985-10-24 | Neiman GmbH, 5657 Haan | DEVICE FOR CLOSING A MOTOR VEHICLE DOOR |
US4707007A (en) * | 1985-02-07 | 1987-11-17 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Striker means for automotive door latch assembly |
DE3721963C1 (en) * | 1987-07-03 | 1988-10-13 | Kiekert Gmbh Co Kg | Motor-vehicle door fastening |
US4982984A (en) * | 1987-12-07 | 1991-01-08 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Active door latch assembly |
DE4006593C2 (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1996-09-19 | Itt | Sliding door arrangement with power-operated locking device |
DE4022811A1 (en) * | 1990-07-18 | 1992-01-23 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | LOCK WITH AUXILIARY MOTOR, IN PARTICULAR DOOR LOCK FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE |
US5066056A (en) * | 1990-09-24 | 1991-11-19 | Itt Corporation | Power striker for automotive door latch |
DE4230985C2 (en) * | 1991-09-17 | 1996-07-11 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Trunk lock |
DE19520359A1 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-12-12 | Bocklenberg & Motte Bomoro | Lock for bonnet or door of motor vehicle |
FR2736958B1 (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 1998-01-23 | Coutier Moulage Gen Ind | LOCK FOR TRUNK LOCK OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
DE19616655B4 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 2005-03-10 | Valeo Sicherheitssysteme Gmbh | Device for opening and closing a door or flap |
-
1998
- 1998-03-06 DE DE19809708A patent/DE19809708A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-03-04 DE DE59906981T patent/DE59906981D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-04 EP EP99104400A patent/EP0940531B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0940531A1 (en) | 1999-09-08 |
DE59906981D1 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
DE19809708A1 (en) | 1999-09-09 |
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