EP0938155A2 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kalibrieren einer Gruppenantenne - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kalibrieren einer Gruppenantenne Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0938155A2 EP0938155A2 EP98123105A EP98123105A EP0938155A2 EP 0938155 A2 EP0938155 A2 EP 0938155A2 EP 98123105 A EP98123105 A EP 98123105A EP 98123105 A EP98123105 A EP 98123105A EP 0938155 A2 EP0938155 A2 EP 0938155A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transmission
- paths
- reception paths
- signals
- reception
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for Calibrate the send and receive paths of one Group antenna with adaptive beam shaping.
- a Group antenna with adaptive beam shaping is e.g. in the EP 0 578 060 A2 or DE 195 35 441 A1.
- the Beam shaping or beam swiveling of the transmission or Receiving antenna characteristic is with the help of a Beamforming network carried out by the transmission or Receive signals of the individual antenna elements depending on the desired antenna characteristics with different Weighting factors are multiplied.
- Such Group antennas with adaptive beam shaping can e.g. in cellular mobile radio systems or point-to-multipoint Directional radio systems are used.
- the beam shaping can be caused by errors in the signal paths of the individual antenna elements are falsified. Error in the Signal paths can e.g. through production tolerances or Temperature drift or aging etc. are caused. By a calibration of the signal paths between the Beam shaping network and the individual antenna elements can falsify the desired beam shaping be reduced.
- the registration is therefore based on the task Method and device of the type mentioned to specify what a Calibration of the transmission and reception paths of the group antenna can be carried out.
- This method and device according to the invention enables constant calibration of the group antenna even during ongoing operations.
- the duplex radio system shown in FIG. 1 has N Antenna elements A1, ..., AN of a group antenna.
- the Antenna elements A1, ..., AN are for reception as well also responsible for sending signals.
- Each Antenna element A1, ..., AN is connected to a duplexer DP1, ..., DPN connected.
- the duplexer DP1, ..., DPN in known way that a transmission signal from the transmitter Tx1, ..., TxN of the transmission path to the antenna element assigned to it A1, ..., AN arrives and that a reception signal of the Antenna element A1, ..., AN to the receiver Rx1, ..., RxN of its reception path. All transmitters Tx1, ... TxN and all receivers Rx1, ... RxN get phase locked Frequency conversion a reference frequency from a Local oscillator LO.
- Tx1, ..., TxN and after the receivers Rx1, ..., RxN digital done are in the transmission paths Digital-to-analog converter DA1, ..., DAN and in the Reception paths analog-digital converter AD1, ..., ADN.
- Beam shaping network For all transmit signals and all receive signals is a Beam shaping network available, that in Figure 1 in two Blocks is divided, a block Tx-BFN for the transmission signals and a block Rx-BFN for the received signals.
- a Beam shaping network available, that in Figure 1 in two Blocks is divided, a block Tx-BFN for the transmission signals and a block Rx-BFN for the received signals.
- the function of the beamforming network is not discussed here received because e.g. from the above Publications is known.
- Rx-BFN is on the Send a modulator MD on and on the receive side Demodulator DM switched on.
- a control device SE controls the duplexers DP1, ..., DPN, e.g. according to the time or frequency duplex method work, and the weighting factors in that Beam forming network Tx-BFN, Rx-BFN.
- the control signals are illustrated by thick lines in Figure 1.
- the send and receive signals of each Antenna elements A1, ..., AN are on their transmit and Reception paths between the beam forming network Tx-BFN, Rx-BFN and the gates of the antenna elements A1, ..., AN through various error sources falsified.
- Such Sources of error can e.g. Production, Installation tolerances, temperature drift, thermal expansion of high-frequency electrical conductors, aging, etc.
- the errors in the send and receive paths affect the shape of the antenna characteristic, but can by appropriate setting of the weighting factors in Beamforming network Tx-BFN, Rx-BFN can be compensated.
- the transmission factors i.e. the Transmission functions, the transmission and reception paths of the individual antenna elements A1, ..., AN determined and the on Deviations between the errors due to errors Transmission factors of the reception and transmission paths through appropriate control of the weighting factors of the Beamforming network Tx-BFN, Rx-BFN compensated.
- a coupling device belongs to the calibration device with 2N gates in the signal paths between the Antenna elements A1, ..., AN and the duplexers DP1, ... DPN is inserted.
- the gates 1 to N are the Coupling device with the gates of duplexers DP1, ..., DPN and the gates N + 1 to 2N with the gates of the antenna elements A1, ..., AN connected.
- the coupling device consists of N same directional couplers RK, which in the signal paths between the antenna elements A1, ..., AN and the duplexers DP1, ..., DPN are inserted.
- the coupling gates of the RK directional coupler the side of the antenna elements A1, ..., AN are with Termination resistors R connected.
- the coupling gates on the Side of the duplexers DP1, ..., DPN are with the Branch gates VZ of a power divider LT connected.
- This power divider LT is designed so that its Branch gates VZ over identical line networks with a central gate T are connected.
- the block diagram of such a power divider, preferably a Wilkinson divider, is shown in Figure 2.
- This Power divider LT carries all at the branching gates VZ applied signals, these are the output signals of the Directional coupler RK, amplitude and phase at the central Gate T together; or he divides one at the central gate T applied signal in equal proportions with regard to amplitude and phase on the branching gates VZ.
- the so-called Wilkinson divider that meets the above requirements is in IRE Transactions On Microwave Theory And Techniques, January 1960, pages 116 to 118.
- a transmission signal is transmitted via a transmission path i (i ⁇ ⁇ 1 ... N ⁇ ).
- the directional coupler RK decouples part of the transmission signal in front of the associated antenna element Ai.
- This transmit signal component is routed to the central gate T via the power divider LT.
- a reflection termination RFX is connected to this central gate T.
- the transmitted signal component is reflected at this reflection termination RFX and divided into partial signals with the same amplitude and phase at the branching gates VZ.
- branching gates There are as many branching gates (namely N) as there are reception paths.
- the individual partial signals derived from the transmission signal are now coupled into the reception paths via the directional coupler RK.
- the partial signals present at the outputs of the reception paths and picked up by the beam shaping network Rx-BFN are evaluated by the control device SE.
- a total transmission factor thus results on a signal path which includes the i-th transmission path, the coupling device RK, the power divider LT and the j-th reception path T i (j ⁇ ) * X ij (j ⁇ ) * R J (j ⁇ ) , where T i (j ⁇ ) is the transmission factor of the i-th transmission path, R j (j ⁇ ) is the transmission factor of the j-th reception path and X ij is the transmission factor of the coupling devices RK, the power divider LT and a normally unknown coupling between the antenna elements A1, ..., is ON.
- the transmission factor X ij is composed of a transmission factor C ij (j ⁇ ), which is attributable to the coupling device and the power divider (LT), and the transmission factor D ij (j ⁇ ) due to a coupling of the antenna elements.
- Dij (j ⁇ ) D ji (j ⁇ ) (Reciprocity can be assumed here).
- the termination at the central gate T of the power divider LT must be switchable from reflection to absorption. If the switch is made to absorption, the transmitted signal component decoupled by the coupling device RK is absorbed, and no partial signals are fed back into the reception paths. The signals occurring in the reception paths are then exclusively due to the coupling of the antenna elements A1, ..., AN.
- M ijD (j ⁇ ) is the measured transmission factor via the transmission path i, the antenna coupling D ij (j ⁇ ) and the reception path j, the termination at the central gate T of the power divider LT being switched to absorption.
- M ijCD (j ⁇ ) is the measured transmission factor over the transmission path i, the antenna coupling D ij (j ⁇ ), the defined coupling C (j ⁇ ) of the coupling device RK and the power divider LT and the reception path j, the termination RFX at the central gate T. Reflection is switched. The same applies to the measured transmission factors M jiD and M jiCD .
- the antenna couplings Dij (j ⁇ ) can now be determined from equations (2) or (3).
- T i (j ⁇ ) M ikD (j ⁇ ) / (R k (j ⁇ ) (C (j ⁇ ) + D ik (j ⁇ )))
- all transmission factors T i (j ⁇ ) of the transmission paths and all transmission factors R j (j ⁇ ) of the reception paths can be determined in relation to a known transmission factor T n (j ⁇ ) or R n (j ⁇ ).
- the resulting mutual deviations of the transmission factors of the transmission or reception paths are compensated for by the control device SE by changing the weighting factors in the beam shaping network Tx-BFN, Rx-BFN. This greatly reduces the influence of errors in the transmission and reception paths on the beam shaping.
- the calibration device described can also be used for a frequency division duplex radio system are used in which the transmission and reception frequency by a fixed Distinguish frequency duplex spacing.
- the conclusion RFX can be provided with a mixer that meets the incoming Converts signals to the duplex frequency spacing, so that the reflected partial signals in the frequency band of the reception paths lie.
- the mixer in the Reflection termination RFX as the reference frequency Local oscillator frequency LO, which also the transmitters Tx1, ..., TxN and receiver Rx1, ..., RxN received.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
- Verfahren zum Kalibrieren der Sende- und Empfangspfade einer Gruppenantenne mit adaptiver Strahlformung, dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß nacheinander über jeden der vorhandenen Sendepfade (DA1, ..., DAN; Tx1, ..., TxN; DP1, ..., DPN) ein Sendesignal übertragen wird,daß von jedem der Sendesignale ein Anteil ausgekoppelt wird,daß der ausgekoppelte Sendesignal-Anteil in so viele Teilsignale mit gleichem Betrag und gleicher Phase aufgeteilt wird, wie Empfangspfade (DP1, ..., DPN; Rx1, ..., RxN; AD1, ..., ADN) vorhanden sind und diese Teilsignale in die Empfangspfade eingekoppelt werden,daß die über die einzelnen Empfangspfade übertragenen Teilsignale bezüglich Betrag und Phase gemessen werden und aus den Meßsignalen und einem bekannten Transmissionsfaktor eines der Sende- und Empfangspfade die Transmissionsfaktoren aller anderen Sende- und Empfangspfade ermittelt werdenund daß gegenseitige Abweichungen der Transmissionsfaktoren der Sende- bzw. Empfangspfade durch Veränderung von Wichtungsfaktoren in einem Strahlformungsnetzwerk (Dx-BFN, Rx-BFN) kompensiert werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einem Frequenzversatz zwischen den Sende- und den Empfangspfaden die in die Empfangspfade eingekoppelten Teilsignale in die Frequenzlage der entsprechenden Empfangspfade umgesetzt werden.
- Vorrichtung zum Kalibrieren der Sende- und Empfangspfade einer Gruppenantenne mit adaptiver Strahlformung, dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß eine Steuereinrichtung (SE) vorgesehen ist, welche nacheinander über jeden der vorhandenen Sendepfade (DA1, ..., DAN; Tx1, ..., TxN; DP1, ..., DPN) die Übertragung eines Sendesignals veranlaßt,daß eine Koppelvorrichtung (RK) von jedem der Sendesignale einen Anteil auskoppelt,daß ein Leistungsteiler (LT) den ausgekoppelten Sendesignal-Anteil in so viele Teilsignale mit gleichem Betrag und gleicher Phase aufteilt wie Empfangspfade vorhanden sind,daß die Koppelvorrichtung (RK) die Teilsiganle in die einzelnen Empfangspfade (DP1, ..., DPN; Rx1, ..., RxN; AD1, ..., ADN) einkoppelt,daß die Steuereinrichtung (SE) die über die einzelnen Empfangspfade (DP1, ..., DPN; Rx1, ..., RxN; AD1, ..., ADN) übertragenen Teilsignale bezüglich Betrag und Phase mißt und aus den Meßsignalen und einem bekannten Transmissionsfaktor eines der Sende- oder Empfangspfade die Transmissionsfaktoren aller anderen Sende- und Empfangspfade ermitteltund daß die Steuereinheit (SE) Wichtungsfaktoren in einem Strahlformungsnetzwerk (Tx-BFN, Rx-BFN) so einstellt, daß dadurch gegenseitige Abweichungen der Transmissionsfaktoren der Sende- bzw. Empfangspfade kompensiert werden.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leistungsteiler (LT) ein Wilkinson-Teiler ist, der so viele Verzweigungstore (VZ) aufweist wie Empfangspfade vorhanden sind und daß ein über identische Leitungsnetzwerke mit den Verzweigungstoren (VZ) verbundenes zentrales Tor (T) mit einem Reflexionsabschluß (RFX) versehen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Umschaltung von einem Reflexionsabschluß auf einen Absorptionsabschluß vorgesehen ist, um die Verkopplung der Antennenelemente (A1, ..., AN) der Gruppenantenne bestimmen zu können.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Mischer vorhanden ist, der bei einem Frequenzversatz zwischen den Sende- und den Empfangspfaden die in die Empfangspfade eingekoppelten Teilsignale in die Frequenzlage der entsprechenden Empfangspfade umsetzt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19806914A DE19806914C2 (de) | 1998-02-19 | 1998-02-19 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kalibrieren einer Gruppenantenne |
| DE19806914 | 1998-02-19 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0938155A2 true EP0938155A2 (de) | 1999-08-25 |
| EP0938155A3 EP0938155A3 (de) | 2000-09-20 |
Family
ID=7858260
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98123105A Withdrawn EP0938155A3 (de) | 1998-02-19 | 1998-12-03 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kalibrieren einer Gruppenantenne |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5940032A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0938155A3 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE19806914C2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1496567A1 (de) * | 2003-07-10 | 2005-01-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Anordnung zur Kalibrierung der Aussendung und des Empfangs von Signalen in einem Funkübertragungssystem |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19943952B4 (de) * | 1999-09-14 | 2010-04-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Kalibrieren einer Gruppenantenne |
| EP2139071B1 (de) | 1999-12-15 | 2011-04-13 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Adaptive Gruppenantenne-Sende/Empfangsvorrichtung |
| US6445343B1 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2002-09-03 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Antenna element array alignment system |
| US6496140B1 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2002-12-17 | Nokia Networks Oy | Method for calibrating a smart-antenna array radio transceiver unit and calibrating system |
| US20030076257A1 (en) * | 2001-10-24 | 2003-04-24 | Neus Padros | Antenna array monitor and monitoring method |
| JP3890988B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-23 | 2007-03-07 | ソニー株式会社 | 送受信システム |
| JP2003309513A (ja) * | 2002-04-16 | 2003-10-31 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | アダプティブアレイアンテナ受信装置及びアンテナ・アレイ校正方法 |
| DE10237823B4 (de) | 2002-08-19 | 2004-08-26 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Antennen-Array mit einer Kalibriereinrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines derartigen Antennen-Arrays |
| DE10237822B3 (de) | 2002-08-19 | 2004-07-22 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Kalibriereinrichtung für ein umschaltbares Antennen-Array sowie ein zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren |
| US7359734B2 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2008-04-15 | Nokia Corporation | Compensating for radiation pattern in radio system, and radio system |
| DE10301125B3 (de) | 2003-01-14 | 2004-06-24 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Kalibrierung von Sende- und Empfangspfaden von Antennensystemen |
| US6891497B2 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2005-05-10 | Harris Corporation | Chirp-based method and apparatus for performing phase calibration across phased array antenna |
| US6861975B1 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2005-03-01 | Harris Corporation | Chirp-based method and apparatus for performing distributed network phase calibration across phased array antenna |
| US20050007273A1 (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2005-01-13 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for prediction and correction of gain and phase errors in a beacon or payload |
| US7268726B2 (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2007-09-11 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for correction of quantization-induced beacon beam errors |
| US7274329B2 (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2007-09-25 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for reducing quantization-induced beam errors by selecting quantized coefficients based on predicted beam quality |
| KR101052341B1 (ko) * | 2005-12-08 | 2011-07-27 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 다중 안테나를 갖는 스마트 안테나 시스템의 기지국 신호감시 장치 |
| US8106825B1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2012-01-31 | Omniphase Research Laboratories, Inc. | Distributed receiver |
| EP2192707A1 (de) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-06-02 | Nokia Siemens Networks OY | Verfahren zur Kalibrierung einer aktiven Antenne und aktive Antenne |
| US8154452B2 (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2012-04-10 | Raytheon Company | Method and apparatus for phased array antenna field recalibration |
| CN204243214U (zh) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-04-01 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 一种智能天线装置 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4532518A (en) * | 1982-09-07 | 1985-07-30 | Sperry Corporation | Method and apparatus for accurately setting phase shifters to commanded values |
| US5412414A (en) * | 1988-04-08 | 1995-05-02 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Self monitoring/calibrating phased array radar and an interchangeable, adjustable transmit/receive sub-assembly |
| US5038146A (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1991-08-06 | Raytheon Company | Array built in test |
| ATE165685T1 (de) * | 1992-07-04 | 1998-05-15 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur datenübertragung zwischen einer feststation und sich bewegenden objekten |
| GB2281660B (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1997-04-16 | Matra Marconi Space Uk Ltd | A digitally controlled beam former for a spacecraft |
| BR9507801A (pt) * | 1994-06-03 | 1998-05-26 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Processo e sistema para calibrar a transmissão e a recepção de uma formação de antenas para uso num sistema de comunicações de rádio móvel |
| US5530449A (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1996-06-25 | Hughes Electronics | Phased array antenna management system and calibration method |
| EP0762541A3 (de) * | 1995-08-29 | 2000-01-12 | DaimlerChrysler AG | Einrichtung zum Kalibrieren und Testen von Sende/Empfangs-Modulen in einer aktiven elektronisch phasengesteuerten Gruppenantenne |
| DE19535441A1 (de) * | 1995-09-23 | 1997-03-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Antenne einer Zentralstation eines Punkt-zu-Mehrpunkt-Richtfunksystems |
-
1998
- 1998-02-19 DE DE19806914A patent/DE19806914C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-03 EP EP98123105A patent/EP0938155A3/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-01-26 US US09/238,660 patent/US5940032A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1496567A1 (de) * | 2003-07-10 | 2005-01-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Anordnung zur Kalibrierung der Aussendung und des Empfangs von Signalen in einem Funkübertragungssystem |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0938155A3 (de) | 2000-09-20 |
| US5940032A (en) | 1999-08-17 |
| DE19806914A1 (de) | 1999-09-09 |
| DE19806914C2 (de) | 2002-01-31 |
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