EP0927982B2 - Alimentation de transducteur - Google Patents

Alimentation de transducteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0927982B2
EP0927982B2 EP97122991A EP97122991A EP0927982B2 EP 0927982 B2 EP0927982 B2 EP 0927982B2 EP 97122991 A EP97122991 A EP 97122991A EP 97122991 A EP97122991 A EP 97122991A EP 0927982 B2 EP0927982 B2 EP 0927982B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transmitter
power supply
direct current
circuit
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97122991A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0927982A1 (fr
EP0927982B1 (fr
Inventor
Martin PFÄNDLER
Bernd Strütt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
Endress and Hauser Group Services Deutschland AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
Endress and Hauser Deutschland AG and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG, Endress and Hauser Deutschland AG and Co KG filed Critical Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
Priority to EP97122991A priority Critical patent/EP0927982B2/fr
Priority to DE59710058T priority patent/DE59710058D1/de
Priority to US09/217,241 priority patent/US6133822A/en
Priority to CA002257585A priority patent/CA2257585C/fr
Priority to JP11000089A priority patent/JP2999469B2/ja
Publication of EP0927982A1 publication Critical patent/EP0927982A1/fr
Publication of EP0927982B1 publication Critical patent/EP0927982B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0927982B2 publication Critical patent/EP0927982B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
    • G08C19/02—Electric signal transmission systems in which the signal transmitted is magnitude of current or voltage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transmitter power supply for supplying a transmitter with electrical energy from a DC voltage source via a two-wire connection, is transmitted in the opposite direction of the measured value detected by the transmitter by a variable between two limits direct current, wherein the galvanic isolation in the connection between the Transmitter and the DC voltage source, a transformer is inserted, the primary winding is connected via a chopper to the DC voltage source and to the secondary winding of a rectifier circuit is connected, which generated at its output terminals by rectification of the transferred via the transformer, chopped current generated direct current with the by the transmitter certain size supplies.
  • Such a transducer feeder is for example from the US-A-3,764,880 known.
  • a transmitter power supply of this type is intended to provide a arranged in a hazardous zone passive transducer via a two-wire connection with electrical energy and at the same time to allow the transmission of the measurement signal supplied by the passive transducer in the form of a variable between two limits current signal in the opposite direction.
  • the current signal varies between 4 mA and 20 mA.
  • a passive transmitter does not contain its own electrical power source, but draws the energy required for its operation via the two-wire connection from a remote DC voltage source, and forms the measurement signal by extracting from the DC voltage source, in addition to the supply current, a supplemental current so dimensioned in that the total current drawn from the DC voltage source corresponds to the current signal to be transmitted, which lies between the two limit values of, for example, 4 and 20 mA.
  • This current signal can also be superimposed on communication signals in the form of pulse-shaped changes, whereby digital data can be transmitted in both directions.
  • a galvanic isolation between the voltage source and the transmitter by a transformer is possible by the chopped from the DC voltage source removed total current on the principle of a DC-DC converter on the primary side of the transformer and rectified on the secondary side of the transformer.
  • Such galvanic isolation is a particularly advantageous protective measure for transducers which are arranged in potentially explosive atmospheres.
  • the galvanic isolation by means of the transformer of a DC-DC converter allows not only the transmission of the DC supply current and the measured value representing DC signal, but also the bidirectional transmission of communication signals in the form of the total current superimposed pulse-shaped changes, provided that the chopper frequency is much higher than the frequency the communication signals.
  • An active transmitter differs from a passive transmitter in that it is equipped with its own electrical power supply and generates the measurement signal in the form of varying between two limits DC signal from its own power supply and outputs at its outputs. It is not possible to transmit the DC signal supplied by the active transducer in the direction opposite to the transmission direction of the DC-DC converter.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a transmitter power supply of the type described, which can be operated while maintaining the galvanic separation caused by the protective measure either with a passive transmitter or with an active transmitter.
  • the matching circuit inserted between the active transmitter and the rectifier circuit causes the primary-side DC voltage source to be loaded via the rectifier circuit and the transformer in the same manner as by a passive transmitter with a DC current corresponding to the measurement signal to be transmitted. Therefore, it can not be seen from the primary side whether an active or a passive measuring transducer is connected on the secondary side.
  • the current drawn via the rectifier circuit and the transformer from the primary-side DC voltage source also contains the supply current required for the operation of the matching circuit.
  • the total current can be superimposed in the same way as when loaded by a passive transmitter communication signals in the form of pulse-shaped changes that are transmitted bidirectionally via the transformer.
  • the protective measure for potentially explosive areas caused by the galvanic isolation remains fully intact regardless of whether an active or a passive transmitter is connected.
  • Fig. 1 In the drawing, the circuit components shown on the right of the broken line AA form a prior art transducer feeder 10 for supplying a passive transducer 11 with electrical energy from a DC power source 12 via the two conductors 13, 14 of a two-wire connection across the opposite direction transmitted by the transducer 11 measured value signal is transmitted.
  • the two-wire connection 13, 14 is shown interrupted to indicate that it may be of any length. It connects the passive transducer 11 with two terminals 15, 16 of the transducer power supply 10th
  • the transmitter 11 includes a sensor for the physical quantity to be measured and an electronic circuit for converting the sensor signal into the measured value signal to be transmitted.
  • a passive transmitter does not contain its own power source, but it draws the energy required for the operation of the electronic circuit via the two-wire connection 13, 14 from the DC voltage source 12 in the remote located transducer supply unit 10.
  • the transmitter 11 forms the Measurement signal in that it adjusts the current drawn from the DC voltage source 12 so that the measured value is expressed by a lying between 4 mA and 20 mA direct current.
  • the DC current is measured by an evaluation circuit 18 arranged at the location of the DC voltage source 12 and evaluated to determine the measured value of the physical variable detected by the measuring transducer 11.
  • the transmitter 11 may be configured to superimpose digital communication signals in the form of pulsed changes on the current signal so that measurements and parameters may be digitally read and written. There is then the requirement to transmit such communication signals bidirectionally between the measuring transducer 11 and the evaluation circuit 18.
  • a particularly effective protective measure for hazardous areas is a galvanic isolation between the transmitter 11 on the one hand and the DC voltage source 12 and the evaluation circuit 18 on the other.
  • This in Fig. 1 shown transducer supply unit 10 is formed with such a galvanic isolation.
  • the galvanic isolation is carried out at the transmitter supply unit 10 of Fig. 1 by a transformer 20 having a primary winding 21 and a secondary winding 22.
  • the DC voltage source 12 is connected between a center tap 23 of the primary winding 21 and ground.
  • Each of the two outer terminals 24 and 25 of the primary winding 21 is connected via a switch 26 and 27 to one terminal 28 of a resistor 29 whose other terminal is grounded.
  • the two switches 26 and 27 are controlled by a clock 30 with a relatively high clock frequency of, for example, 200 kHz in push-pull, so that the switch 26 is opened when the switch 27 is closed, and vice versa.
  • the current supplied by the DC voltage source 12 alternately flows in opposite directions through the one or the other half of the primary winding 21, but always in the same direction through the resistor 29.
  • the DC voltage is chopped into a rectangular AC voltage, the is transferred to the secondary winding 22.
  • a full-wave rectifier circuit 31 with four diodes 32 and a filter capacitor 33 is connected, which generates by rectifying the rectangular AC voltage, the DC operating voltage for the passive transducer 11.
  • the rectifier circuit 31 includes a connected via a fuse 34 voltage limiter 35, which is shown as a Zener diode.
  • Protective resistors 38 and 39 are inserted between the output terminals 36, 37 of the rectifier circuit 31 and the terminals 15, 16 of the transmitter power supply unit intended for connection of the passive transmitter 11.
  • the protective resistors 38, 39 prevent the current in the hazardous area from rising above an allowable limit, and the voltage limiter 35, in conjunction with the fuse 34, limits the voltage in the circuit hazardous area to a permissible value.
  • the passive transmitter 11 extracts from the rectifier circuit 31 a DC current I MP whose value is set in the range of 4 to 20 mA so as to represent the measured value of the physical quantity detected by the sensor.
  • This direct current is supplied via the transformer 20 from the DC voltage source 12, so that at a transmission ratio of 1: 1 of the transformer 20, a DC current of the same magnitude flows through the resistor 29.
  • the drop across the resistor 29 DC voltage is thus proportional to the set by the passive transducer 11 measuring current I MP . It is fed to the evaluation circuit 18 connected to the connection 28.
  • the passive transducer If the measurement current I MP 11 communication signals are superimposed by the passive transducer in the form of pulse-shaped changes, these pulse-shaped changes are also transmitted via the transformer 20 so that they express themselves in pulse-shaped voltage changes in the voltage drop across the resistor 29. These voltage changes are also detected and evaluated by the evaluation circuit 18.
  • the repetition frequency of the pulse-shaped changes is substantially less than the clock frequency of the clock 30.
  • the evaluation circuit 18 preferably contains at the input a low-pass filter whose cut-off frequency is set so that the clock frequency of the clock 30 is suppressed, but the superimposed pulse-shaped communication signals are transmitted.
  • Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of a transmitter power supply unit 40, which makes it possible, instead of the passive transducer 11 optionally connect an active transmitter 41.
  • an active transmitter contains its own electrical power supply, and at the output it outputs a direct current supplied by this power supply whose size again corresponds in the range of 4 to 20 mA to the measured value of the physical quantity detected by the sensor. It is immediately apparent that it would not be possible to simply replace the active transducer 41 in place of the passive transducer 11 with the terminals 15, 16 of the circuitry of FIG Fig. 1 because the DC current supplied by the active transducer 41 could not be transmitted to the primary side of the transformer 20 via the rectifier circuit 31 and the transformer 20.
  • the transmitter supply unit 40 therefore has two further terminals 42 and 43, to which the active transmitter 41 is connected via the two conductors 44 and 45 of a two-wire connection.
  • the switch 50 in the in Fig. 2 shown position it connects the terminal 36 of the rectifier circuit 31 via a connecting conductor 51, a separating capacitor 52, a protective resistor 53 and a diode 54 to the terminal 42.
  • the terminal 37 of the rectifier circuit 31 is permanently connected via a connecting conductor 55 and a protective resistor 56 connected to terminal 43.
  • the active transducer 41 includes its own electrical power supply and outputs at the output a direct current I MA whose magnitude in the range of 4 to 20 mA corresponds to the measured value of the physical quantity sensed by the sensor.
  • the matching circuit 60 includes a resistor 61 connected to the terminals 42 and 43 through the diode 54, a control circuit 62 whose input terminals are connected to the terminals of the resistor 61, and a controllable current source 63 connected between the connecting conductors 51 and 55, the control input thereof the output of the control circuit 62 is connected.
  • the controllable current source 63 bridges the two output terminals 36 and 37 of the rectifier circuit 31, when the switch 50, the in Fig. 2 shown position corresponding to the connection of the active transmitter 41.
  • the control circuit 62 receives at the input a DC voltage which corresponds to the voltage drop across the resistor 61 caused by the current I MA , and it is designed so that its output signal, the controllable current source 63 so adjusted that taken from the rectifier circuit 31 current I MS of the active transducer I MA is proportional to a predetermined constant factor.
  • this factor has the value 1, so that the current I MS is equal to the current I MA .
  • the current I MS taken from the rectifier circuit 31 gives the same effect as the current determined in the other position of the changeover switch 50 by the passive transmitter 11 I MP : It is mirrored on the primary side of the transformer 20 and causes a proportional voltage drop across the resistor 29. This voltage drop is thus proportional to the measuring current I MA delivered by the active measuring transducer 41.
  • Fig. 3 shows the circuit diagram of an embodiment of the controllable matching circuit 60 of Fig. 2 ,
  • the circuit components corresponding to those of Fig. 2 are identical with the same reference numerals as in Fig. 2 designated.
  • the controllable current source 63 is formed by a field effect transistor 70 which is connected in series with a resistor 71 between the connecting conductors 51 and 55.
  • the control circuit 62 includes an operational amplifier 72 whose power supply terminals are connected to the connecting conductors 51 and 55, so that the operational amplifier 72 is powered by the rectifier circuit 31 when the switch 50 is in the position corresponding to the terminal of the active transmitter 41st equivalent.
  • the inverting input of the operational amplifier 72 is connected to the connection conductor 55 via a resistor 73.
  • a resistor 74 is inserted between the terminals of the controllable current source 63, the operational amplifier 72 and the resistor 73 on the one hand and the output terminal 37 of the rectifier circuit 31 on the other hand, via which thus both the current determined by the controllable current source 63 and the supply current of the operational amplifier 72 flows.
  • the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 72 is connected to the tap of a voltage divider of two resistors 75 and 76 which are connected in series between the connected via the diode 54 to the terminal 42 of the terminal 61 and the terminal 37 of the rectifier circuit 31.
  • the output of the operational amplifier 72 is connected to the gate terminal of the field effect transistor 70.
  • the diode 54 is poled so that it flows in the forward direction through the resistor 61 supplied by the active transducer 41 current I MA , but prevents a flow of current from the transducer supply unit 40 to the active transmitter 41.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Claims (1)

  1. Dispositif destiné à la détermination d'une valeur mesurée représentant une grandeur physique, lequel dispositif comprend un appareil d'alimentation de transmetteur (40) parcouru par un courant continu (IMS), qui est approprié pour l'alimentation en énergie électrique d'un transmetteur, notamment disposé dans une zone explosible, par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison bifilaire, et qui comprend un transmetteur (41) couplé à l'appareil d'alimentation de transmetteur (40),
    - pour lequel il s'agit, concernant le transmetteur (41), d'un transmetteur actif, équipé d'une propre alimentation en énergie et qui fournissant un courant continu de sortie (IMA) représentant la valeur mesurée, et
    - pour lequel est prévu, pour le raccordement du transmetteur actif (41) à l'appareil d'alimentation de transmetteur (40), un circuit d'adaptation (60),
    -- qui est relié avec le transmetteur (41) et l'appareil d'alimentation de transmetteur (40) de telle manière à être parcouru à la fois par le courant continu de sortie (IMA) et par le courant continu (IMS), et
    -- qui règle le courant continu (IMS) circulant dans l'appareil d'alimentation de transmetteur (40), à l'aide du courant de sortie (IMA), de telle manière que ce courant continu (IMS) soit proportionnel au courant continu de sortie (IMA) du transmetteur actif (41),
    caractérisé en ce
    - qu'une tension continue générant le courant continu (IMS) est délivrée par une source de tension continue (12) et qu'est inséré, en vue d'une séparation galvanique, dans la liaison entre le transmetteur (41) et la source de tension continue (12), un convertisseur de tension continue (20, 26, 27, 30, 31), qui comporte un transformateur, un hacheur raccordé à l'enroulement primaire du transformateur, hachant la tension continue, ainsi qu'un circuit redresseur raccordé à l'enroulement secondaire du transformateur, le circuit d'adaptation (60) étant inséré entre le transmetteur actif (41) et le circuit redresseur (31), et le convertisseur de tension continue étant parcouru sur le côté secondaire par le courant continu (IMS), et le circuit d'adaptation (60) étant disposé dans l'appareil d'alimentation de transmetteur (40) et l'appareil d'alimentation de transmetteur (40) comprenant un commutateur (50), qui fait que le courant continu (IMS) circule soit à travers une liaison bifilaire reliée à l'appareil d'alimentation de transmetteur (40), soit à travers le circuit d'adaptation (60).
    - qu'est appliquée, via une résistance chutrice, une tension continue d'un circuit d'exploitation (18), proportionnelle au courant continu (IMS), destinée à la détermination de la valeur mesurée.
EP97122991A 1997-12-30 1997-12-30 Alimentation de transducteur Expired - Lifetime EP0927982B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97122991A EP0927982B2 (fr) 1997-12-30 1997-12-30 Alimentation de transducteur
DE59710058T DE59710058D1 (de) 1997-12-30 1997-12-30 Messumformer-Speisegerät
US09/217,241 US6133822A (en) 1997-12-30 1998-12-21 Transducer supply
CA002257585A CA2257585C (fr) 1997-12-30 1998-12-29 Circuit d'alimentation de transducteur
JP11000089A JP2999469B2 (ja) 1997-12-30 1999-01-04 測定変換器給電装置

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97122991A EP0927982B2 (fr) 1997-12-30 1997-12-30 Alimentation de transducteur

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0927982A1 EP0927982A1 (fr) 1999-07-07
EP0927982B1 EP0927982B1 (fr) 2003-05-07
EP0927982B2 true EP0927982B2 (fr) 2011-11-23

Family

ID=8227901

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97122991A Expired - Lifetime EP0927982B2 (fr) 1997-12-30 1997-12-30 Alimentation de transducteur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6133822A (fr)
EP (1) EP0927982B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2999469B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2257585C (fr)
DE (1) DE59710058D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10034684A1 (de) * 2000-07-17 2002-01-31 Endress Hauser Gmbh Co Meßeinrichtung zur Messung einer Prozeßvariablen
DE10048599C1 (de) 2000-09-30 2002-04-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Energieversorgung von Meldern, Steuer- und Signalisierungseinrichtungen
DE10152653B4 (de) * 2001-10-16 2005-06-02 Pepperl + Fuchs Gmbh Vorrichtung zur eigensicheren redundanten Strom-Spannungsversorgung
FR2863124B1 (fr) * 2003-11-27 2006-05-05 Giat Ind Sa Liaison logique pour unites de traitement
US7152781B2 (en) * 2003-12-01 2006-12-26 Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. Manufacturing system with intrinsically safe electric information storage
US7830155B2 (en) * 2005-10-05 2010-11-09 Chrysler Group Llc Two-wire active sensor interface circuit
DE102005055546A1 (de) * 2005-11-18 2007-05-24 Endress + Hauser Wetzer Gmbh + Co Kg Vorrichtung zur Übertragung eines Stromes und/oder eines Signals
DE102005062422A1 (de) * 2005-12-27 2007-07-05 Vega Grieshaber Kg Schaltkreis-Anordnung mit Exschutz
DE102006051900A1 (de) 2006-10-31 2008-05-08 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung mindestens einer Prozessgröße
DE102007060555A1 (de) 2007-12-13 2009-06-18 Endress + Hauser Wetzer Gmbh + Co Kg Vorrichtung zur Übertragung von elektrischer Energie und Information
DE102013103454A1 (de) 2013-04-08 2014-10-09 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Messumformerspeisegerät, System zum Einsatz in der Automatisierungstechnik, sowie Verfahren zum Bedienen eines solchen Systems
DE102018120878A1 (de) * 2018-08-27 2020-02-27 Endress+Hauser Conducta Gmbh+Co. Kg Sensor und Sensoranordnung
DE102018126808A1 (de) * 2018-10-26 2020-04-30 Krohne Messtechnik Gmbh Feldmessgerät
DE102021127430A1 (de) 2021-10-21 2023-04-27 Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG Eigensicheres Feldgerät der Automatisierungstechnik

Citations (2)

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DE2321900B2 (de) † 1972-05-08 1977-02-17 Rosemount Inc., Eden Prairie, Minn. (V-StA.) Zweidraht-messanordnung
DE3207785C2 (fr) † 1982-03-04 1988-11-10 Hartmann & Braun Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De

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US3757195A (en) * 1972-08-11 1973-09-04 Honeywell Inc Isolated two wire signal transmitter
US4292633A (en) * 1978-11-24 1981-09-29 Robertshaw Controls Company Two-wire isolated signal transmitter
DE3139963A1 (de) * 1980-11-27 1982-06-24 Hartmann & Braun Ag, 6000 Frankfurt "schaltungsanordnung zur galvanischen trennung von analogen gleichstromsignalen"
US5148144A (en) * 1991-03-28 1992-09-15 Echelon Systems Corporation Data communication network providing power and message information
CA2116113C (fr) * 1991-09-07 2002-11-26 Eric John Atherton Appareil de transmission de signaux de mesure via des conducteurs d'alimentation
EP0744724B1 (fr) * 1995-05-24 2001-08-08 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Dispositif d'alimentation d'énergie par fil d'un émetteur de signal par le récepteur du signal

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2321900B2 (de) † 1972-05-08 1977-02-17 Rosemount Inc., Eden Prairie, Minn. (V-StA.) Zweidraht-messanordnung
DE3207785C2 (fr) † 1982-03-04 1988-11-10 Hartmann & Braun Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6133822A (en) 2000-10-17
EP0927982A1 (fr) 1999-07-07
CA2257585C (fr) 2001-09-25
DE59710058D1 (de) 2003-06-12
CA2257585A1 (fr) 1999-06-30
EP0927982B1 (fr) 2003-05-07
JP2999469B2 (ja) 2000-01-17
JPH11288494A (ja) 1999-10-19

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