EP0922857B1 - Ionisationssensor im Zündsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine - Google Patents

Ionisationssensor im Zündsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0922857B1
EP0922857B1 EP19980403127 EP98403127A EP0922857B1 EP 0922857 B1 EP0922857 B1 EP 0922857B1 EP 19980403127 EP19980403127 EP 19980403127 EP 98403127 A EP98403127 A EP 98403127A EP 0922857 B1 EP0922857 B1 EP 0922857B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
module
ionisation current
spark
measuring
coil
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19980403127
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0922857A1 (de
Inventor
Mirela Agache-Durand
André AGNERAY
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Renault SAS
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Renault SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P17/00—Testing of ignition installations, e.g. in combination with adjusting; Testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines
    • F02P17/12—Testing characteristics of the spark, ignition voltage or current

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ionization sensor, in an electronically controlled ignition system an internal combustion engine, particularly for motor vehicle. Performing a current measurement ionization of combustion gases in cylinders of the motor, this sensor allows the detection of knocking, misfires and the coding of the cylinders.
  • a current solution to know the quality of combustion of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders consists in measuring the ionization current of the gases in the cylinders, by means of spark plugs, after the spark between the electrodes of each candle.
  • the invention aims to solve these drawbacks by proposing a sensor for measuring the ionization current, ensuring the polarization of the candle by the use direct battery voltage or resetting conduction of the coil after the end of the spark, and amplification of the measurement current by use of a transistor at the foot of the secondary circuit of the coil.
  • FIG. 1 an ionization current sensor of a spark plug 1 assigned to an engine cylinder, the ignition of which is controlled by an electronic computer.
  • the ignition system comprises an ignition coil 2, the primary winding L p of which is connected on one side to the positive voltage V bat of the vehicle supply battery, equal to 12 volts, and of the other side to an ignition control module 3, composed of a transistor T 1 and a Zener diode Z 1 , which delivers voltage slots.
  • the high voltage part of the secondary winding L s of the coil is connected to an electrode of the spark plug 1 and the low voltage part of this winding is connected to a circuit for measuring the ionization current.
  • Module 4 consists of means for polarizing the central electrode of the spark plug at the end of the spark, with a positive voltage on its central electrode, so to carry out a measurement of the ionization current.
  • it consists of a Zener diode Z p , with a voltage close to 100 Volts for example, and with a polarization capacity C p , of the order of 10 nanoFarads for example, in parallel on the diode.
  • a module 5 for amplifying the ionization current produced from a transistor T a of PNP type and a diode D a between the base and the emitter of the transistor, supplied by the voltage of the battery V beats , and which must respond to the thermal stresses inside the coil.
  • the arc current flows in the diode D a and the transistor T a is blocked.
  • the ionization current being of opposite sign to the arc current, it will thus be amplified by the transistor T a and sent to a resistor R s , composing a module 6 for converting the current of ionization I s at output voltage V s .
  • This module 6 constitutes the circuit for receiving the amplified ionization current I s . It is located outside the coil 1 and can be integrated into the electronic computer or any other electronic circuit exploiting the ionization current.
  • Figure 2 is the dual figure of Figure 1, i.e. that the transistor is of the NPN type and that all electronic components are placed in opposite directions reverse so that all polarities and currents are reversed.
  • the advantages of this first alternative embodiment are the low sensitivity to noise since the ionization current is amplified at the foot of the coil, the very high amplification factor obtained by the transistor T a and the voltage output of the signal. ionization in usual values of the signals.
  • Figure 3 is a second alternative embodiment of a sensor according to the invention, the 5 amplification module 5 differs from the previous version of the module and controls the amplification factor independently of the characteristics of the transistor and temperature.
  • the other modules 3, 4 and 6 are identical to those of the first variant.
  • This amplification module 5 is controlled gain comprises a transistor T and a diode D a, protecting the transistor of the reverse current for the spark of the spark plug and connected in parallel with a second diode D 'is identical to D , connected to a resistor R b in the base-collector circuit of the transistor.
  • the diode D has allows temperature compensation of the base-emitter voltage for a more finely adjusted gain.
  • FIG. 4 represents a third alternative embodiment for which the polarization of the spark plug is no longer carried out by a conventional module 4, but it is ensured by the supply voltage V bat of the vehicle battery.
  • This variant includes a module for amplifying the ionization current 5 as in FIG. 1, or preferably 5 a as in FIG. 2 when there is no polarization.
  • the polarization voltage of the central electrode of the spark plug can be increased, by re-conduction of the primary circuit L p of the coil 2.
  • This method also has the advantage of reducing the oscillations of the coil at the end of the spark and by therefore increase the signal time range exploitable ionization.
  • FIGS. 5 a to 5 d including the timing diagrams of the signals for controlling and measuring the ionization current for the polarization of the central electrode of the spark plug 1, by re-conduction of the primary winding L p of the coil 2 .
  • the signal S 1 shown in FIG. 5 a , is the command signal from the coil applied at the input of the command module 3.
  • the first slot C 1 is the coil loading slot which triggers the production of a spark on its falling edge f 1 .
  • the second slot C 2 triggered at the end of the spark, is intended for the polarization of the spark plug with a view to measuring the ionization current I s by restoring the primary winding L p .
  • the width of this second slot cannot exceed the maximum duration of charge of the coil and constitutes the duration of measurement of the ionization current.
  • the signal S 2 is the voltage on the central electrode of the spark plug, measured relative to the ground, constituted for example by the base of the spark plug.
  • the coil loads and the voltage S 2 reaches a positive value V pol .
  • the current is suddenly interrupted in the primary winding L p of the coil, causing a large amplified overvoltage in the secondary winding L s , whose voltage S 2 has a peak P 1 negative. This peak reflects a sudden drop in its value which causes a breakdown at the spark plug electrodes and the appearance of a spark.
  • the coil discharges.
  • the potential of the central electrode is equal to V pol , that is to say the product of the voltage of the battery V beats by the transformation ratio N of the coil, and allows the creation of the ionization current.
  • V pol the potential of the central electrode
  • N the transformation ratio
  • the second residual spark caused by a peak p 2 of the voltage S 2 , during the falling edge f 2 of the second slot, must not take place in the fuel intake phase of the cylinder, of the following cycle. This is why it is necessary to calculate the duration of this second control slot C 2 in order to prevent such an event, whatever the engine speed.
  • FIG. 5 c represents the signal I s , which is the ionization current measured at the output of the sensor according to the invention.
  • the current I s presents parasitic pulses I 1 , I 2 and I 3 due to the capacitive effects.
  • the current I s has damping oscillations ⁇ a of the coil, followed by the really exploitable ionization signal C io .
  • the second spark may cause late combustion intended for protect the catalytic converter by improving combustion unburned gases at the first spark. She permits thus increasing the life of the catalytic converter by misfires.
  • FIG. 5 d is the timing diagram of an example of ionization current detected with the sensor according to the invention, when the spark plug is dirty.
  • the signal between the two instants t 1 and t 2 corresponding to the first slot C 1 for controlling the coil, has a level P instead of the two parasitic pulses I 1 and I 2 .
  • This bearing is a sign of fouling of the candle.
  • the ionization sensor according to the invention makes it possible to detect combustion anomalies, by measuring the ionization current in the cylinder in compression after the spark, and to know the type of anomalies, for example misfires corresponding to a lack of combustion which can damage the pot catalytic or rattling damage to the engine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Messfühler für den Ionisationsstrom von in den Zylindern eines Verbrennungsmotors verbrennenden Gasen, dessen Zündanlage eine mit nur einem Ausgang versehene Spule aufweist, deren Primärwicklung (LP) mit einem elektronischen Modul (3) für die Steuerung der Zündung verbunden ist und deren Hochspannungsteil der Sekundärwicklung (LS) mit der Mittenelektrode wenigstens einer Kerze eines Zylinders verbunden ist, die eine zweite Elektrode aufweist, die mit der Masse verbunden ist und die Funken zwischen den Elektroden überspringen lässt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Niederspannungsteil der Sekundärwicklung (Ls) mit einem Messkreis für den Ionisationsstrom verbunden ist, bestehend aus:
    einer Anordnung (4) zur Polarisierung der Mittenelektrode der Kerze am Ende eines jeden Funkens; einem Modul (5) zur Verstärkung des Ionisationsstromes, das mit der Anordnung (4) zur Polarisierung verbunden ist;
    einem Modul (6) für den Empfang des Ionisationsstromes und zur Umwandlung dieses Stromes in ein Spannungssignal (Vs).
  2. Messfühler für den Ionisationsstrom nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Modul (5) zur Verstärkung des Ionisationsstromes aus einem Transistor (Ta) und einer Diode (Da) besteht, die mit der Spannung (Vbat) der Batterie des Motors beaufschlagt werden.
  3. Messfühler für den Ionisationsstrom nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Modul (5a) zur Verstärkung des Ionisationsstromes aus einem Transistor (Ta) und einer Diode (Da) besteht, die parallel zu einer zweiten Diode (D'a) geschaltet ist ,die identisch zur ersten Diode (Da) ist und die mit einem ersten Widerstand (Rb) im Basis-Kollektor-Kreis des Transistors (Ta) verbunden ist, wobei der Verstärkungsgrad (Ga) erhalten wird aus dem Verhältnis des genannten Widerstandes (Rb) zu einem zweiten mit dem Kollektor des Transistors verbundenen Widerstand (Rc).
  4. Messfühler für den Ionisationsstrom nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anordnung (4) zur Polarisierung der Mittenelektrode der Kerze aus der Batteriespannung (Vbat) besteht, wobei das Modul (5,5a) zur Verstärkung des Ionisationsstromes direkt mit dem Niederspannungsteil der Sekundärwicklung (Ls) der Spule verbunden ist.
  5. Messfühler für den Ionisationsstrom nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anordnung (4) zur Polarisierung der Mittenelektrode der Kerze aus dem elektronischen Modul (3) für die Steuerung der Zündung besteht, das das Zurücksetzen in den leitenden Zustand der Primärwicklung (LP) der Spule bewirkt mittels eines zweiten Rechteckimpulses, dessen Dauer derart festgelegt ist, dass sie nicht die Dauer der Beaufschlagung der Spule überschreitet und dass der erzeugte Restfunken vor der Einlassphase des folgenden Motorzyklus auftritt und die Verbrennung von während des ersten Funkens unverbrannten Gasen bewirkt.
EP19980403127 1997-12-12 1998-12-11 Ionisationssensor im Zündsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine Expired - Lifetime EP0922857B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9715803 1997-12-12
FR9715803A FR2772434B1 (fr) 1997-12-12 1997-12-12 Capteur d'ionisation dans un systeme d'allumage d'un moteur a combustion interne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0922857A1 EP0922857A1 (de) 1999-06-16
EP0922857B1 true EP0922857B1 (de) 2003-04-16

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EP19980403127 Expired - Lifetime EP0922857B1 (de) 1997-12-12 1998-12-11 Ionisationssensor im Zündsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine

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EP (1) EP0922857B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69813475T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2772434B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6263727B1 (en) * 1999-06-09 2001-07-24 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Make voltage bias ion sense misfired detection system
DE19953710B4 (de) * 1999-11-08 2010-06-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Meßfenster-Positionierung für die Ionenstrommessung
US7063079B2 (en) 2002-11-01 2006-06-20 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Device for reducing the part count and package size of an in-cylinder ionization detection system by integrating the ionization detection circuit and ignition coil driver into a single package
IT201900013755A1 (it) * 2019-08-01 2021-02-01 Eldor Corp Spa Metodo di monitoraggio di una condizione di imbrattamento di una candela di accensione per un motore a combustione, metodo e sistema di controllo di una bobina di accensione in un motore a combustione interna

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2675206B1 (fr) * 1991-04-10 1995-09-08 Siemens Automotive Sa Procede et dispositif de detection d'un rate d'allumage dans un moteur a combustion interne et leurs applications.
US5457757A (en) * 1992-07-13 1995-10-10 Kidder; John S. Optical control panel
JPH07286552A (ja) * 1994-04-19 1995-10-31 Hitachi Ltd 内燃機関の失火検出装置
DE19524541C1 (de) * 1995-07-05 1996-12-05 Telefunken Microelectron Schaltungsanordnung zur Ionenstrommessung im Verbrennungsraum einer Brennkraftmaschine

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Publication number Publication date
DE69813475D1 (de) 2003-05-22
EP0922857A1 (de) 1999-06-16
FR2772434A1 (fr) 1999-06-18
DE69813475T2 (de) 2004-02-12
FR2772434B1 (fr) 2000-02-18

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