EP0913518A1 - UV-filternde textile Flächengebilde, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung, sowie Verwendung - Google Patents

UV-filternde textile Flächengebilde, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung, sowie Verwendung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0913518A1
EP0913518A1 EP98402696A EP98402696A EP0913518A1 EP 0913518 A1 EP0913518 A1 EP 0913518A1 EP 98402696 A EP98402696 A EP 98402696A EP 98402696 A EP98402696 A EP 98402696A EP 0913518 A1 EP0913518 A1 EP 0913518A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
textile
textile according
compounds
coating
products
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98402696A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0913518B1 (de
Inventor
Alain Barthelemy
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DHJ International
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DHJ International
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Publication of EP0913518B1 publication Critical patent/EP0913518B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a textile having properties protective against ultraviolet radiation.
  • the invention finally relates to a curtain or blind element comprising such a textile.
  • Ultraviolet radiation can also have consequences harmful to people's health.
  • document EP-A-0 693 483 describes compositions having filtration properties of ultraviolet rays, in particular UVA, intended for textile fibers.
  • the textile fibers are treated by padding for impregnating the surface of the textile fibers with the absorbent composition.
  • EP-A-0 728 749 describes derivatives of filtering triazines ultraviolet rays, in particular UVA rays, intended to increase the index of textile fiber sun protection.
  • the fibers are also treated by padding.
  • EP-A-0 774 539 describes a method for improving the sun protection index of colored textiles.
  • the wires colored, in particular polyester threads are immersed in baths containing agents filtering ultraviolet radiation.
  • document US-A-4,861,651 describes a breathable textile product comprising a layer of polymeric material located in the spaces present between the fibers of the textile product or comprising a layer of a porous polymeric material deposited on the surface of the textile product.
  • the polymeric material used in this document includes one or more several agents absorbing ultraviolet rays.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy this drawback by proposing a textile with improved sun protection index and constituting a barrier continuous and impervious to ultra-violet rays, in particular UVA and UVB.
  • Another subject of the invention relates to a preparation process of such a textile.
  • Another object of the invention relates to the uses of this textile.
  • Another object of the invention relates to a curtain or curtain element. awning with a textile with a high sun protection index.
  • the invention relates first of all to a textile with a protection index high solar.
  • the textile of the invention of the type comprising a knitted, woven and / or non-woven fabric obtained from natural, synthetic and / or artificial fibers, comprises on at least one of its faces a coating formed of one or more several protective coating layers, of practically zero vapor porosity and deposited with a grammage varying between approximately 10 and approximately 70 g / m 2 , the coating comprising one or more compounds filtering ultraviolet rays.
  • the virtually zero vapor porosity of the textile according to the invention corresponding to a virtual absence of holes in the coating deposited by coating, provides even better protection against rays ultra-violet.
  • the compounds filtering the ultraviolet rays are dispersed in the thickness of the coating.
  • Compounds filtering ultraviolet rays can be chosen among those known as agents absorbing ultraviolet radiation.
  • They include organic molecules, pigments minerals and dyes.
  • Organic molecules which can be used as a compound filtering ultraviolet rays include benzotriazoles, in particular the compounds of formula below: as well as the derivatives or mixtures of these products.
  • triazines in particular triazines substituted with one or more phenols as well as derivatives or mixtures of these products.
  • organic molecules which can be used include tetramethylpiperidines, in particular the compounds of formula below: the compounds comprising the following motif: the compounds of formula below: the compounds comprising the following motif: the compounds comprising the following motif: as well as the derivatives or mixtures of these products.
  • organic molecules which can be used include benzoates, in particular the compounds of formula below: as well as the derivatives or mixtures of these products.
  • the compound absorbing ultraviolet rays can be chosen from substituted acrylonitriles, oxanilides, cinnamates, malonates, as well as derivatives or mixtures of these products.
  • organic molecules which can be used include nickel complexes, in particular the compounds of formula below: as well as the derivatives or mixtures of these products.
  • Other usable ultraviolet filtering compounds include mineral pigments, including titanium dioxide, ultra-fine titanium dioxide, iron oxides.
  • the textile of the invention comprises a compound filtering ultraviolet rays described in the foregoing.
  • the textile of the invention comprises a mixture of two or more compounds filtering the ultra-violet rays described in the above.
  • the textile comprises, expressed as a percentage in weight relative to the weight of the coating, from 1 to 10% of filtering compound ultraviolet rays.
  • the coating comprises at least one layer protective made from a polymeric material or a mixture of polymeric materials.
  • Useful polymeric materials include polymers or polyurethane, acrylic and / or polyvinyl based copolymers.
  • Polyurethane-based polymers or copolymers include especially polyisocyanates, polyether polyols, polyesters of polyols.
  • acrylic-based polymers or copolymers include, in particular, acrylonitrile derivatives, acrylamide derivatives, derivatives of acrylic ester, in particular methacrylamide, methacrylates lower alkyl, especially methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl.
  • Polyvinyl-based polymers or copolymers which can be used include in particular polyvinyl acetals, in particular acetal polyvinyl, polyvinyl butyral.
  • the coating further comprises at minus a compound with a non-sticky effect.
  • These may in particular be products based on paraffin, silica, silicone, a surfactant or a mixture of these products.
  • the coating further comprises at least one crosslinking agent.
  • crosslinking agents are known and commonly used in the textile industry and therefore do not need to be described in more detail here.
  • It may especially be a melamine-based resin, a isocyanate blocked or not, an aziridine, or a mixture of these products.
  • the coating comprises a layer made from a polymeric material or a mixture of materials polymeric.
  • the coating comprises several layers of polymeric material, the different layers being obtained from identical or different polymeric materials.
  • each layer contains at least one compound filtering out ultraviolet rays or that only one (or some) of the layers, for example the outer layer, contains at least one compound filtering.
  • the coating further comprises a or several pigmentary compounds used in addition to filtration for eliminate part of the visible light spectrum.
  • Compounds of this type which can be used include pigments aluminum or compounds based on organic pigments.
  • the pigmentary compounds can be present in each of the coating layers or only be present in one or a few coating layers.
  • the coating includes two layers of polymeric materials as described in this who is before.
  • the textile can be chosen from woven, knitted and / or non-woven products, as well as mixtures of these products.
  • the fibers which can be used include in particular natural fibers, synthetic or artificial, in particular polyamide, polyester fibers, glass, cotton, wool, viscose, linen fibers, as well as derivatives or mixtures of these products.
  • the invention also relates to a process for preparing the textile. of the invention.
  • the preparation process includes the step of depositing on at least one side of a fabric a coating formed of at least one layer protective as defined in the above, the coating comprising a or several compounds filtering ultraviolet rays.
  • the protective layers are deposited with a grammage varying between 10 and 70 g / m ⁇ , preferably between 10 and 50 g / m ⁇ .
  • two protective layers are deposited on the textile.
  • the first layer for example the inner layer, can be deposited with a heavier grammage than the second layer, for example the outer layer.
  • the deposition in itself of the coating formed by the layer or layers protective can be achieved by coating, including direct coating or by transfer.
  • the coating can be carried out using conventional devices such as devices for coating by scraping, in particular scraping in air, scraping on apron, scraping on cylinder, and also coating devices to the rotating frame.
  • the coated textile is then dried at a temperature, optionally stepped, varying between 90 ° C and 150 ° C.
  • Drying can be carried out using any conventional means such as than hot air, infrared, etc.
  • This drying operation can be carried out by scrolling the textile coated in a tunnel oven.
  • the dried textile coated with the protective layer (s) is then subjected to a calendering step.
  • Calendering makes it possible in particular to obtain a product having a smooth appearance and in which the protective layer (s) are attached to the fabric In an acceptable way.
  • Calendering can be carried out for example with a cylinder of calendering, at a pressure between 8.5 kg / cm and 400 kg / cm, of preferably between 16 kg / cm and 400 kg / cm, and at a temperature between 80 ° C and 200 ° C, preferably between 100 ° C and 190 ° C.
  • Calendering can be carried out after the deposition of each layer protective layer or after the deposition of all the protective layers deposited on the textile.
  • the calendering time may vary depending on the temperature used.
  • the coated textile is then subjected to a polymerization step of the protective layer (s), by heating to a temperature comprised between 150 ° C and 200 ° C.
  • polymerization can be achieved by heating the textile coated at a temperature of around 170 ° C for a period of around 1.30 min.
  • the heating time can be shortened by increasing the temperature used. So a one minute heating can be sufficient when a temperature of the order of 180 ° C is applied.
  • the polymerization is carried out at a varying speed between 10 and 30 m / min.
  • the polymerization can be carried out by passage through an oven tunnel or any other appropriate device and using any conventional means, for example heating by hot air, by contact.
  • the textile of the invention can be printed by a conventional transfer coating method, using sublimable inks deposited on a support, such as a paper support.
  • the decorative pattern is printed in the thickness of the coating.
  • the invention also relates to the uses of the textile of the invention.
  • the textile of the invention can be used for the protection of furniture, works of art, such as paintings, more generally any material may suffer degradation of its characteristics due to radiation ultraviolet. It can also be used to protect people likely to undergo ultraviolet radiation.
  • the textile of the invention can be used for the production of curtains, blinds, in particular slat blinds, roller blinds; screen ; Beach umbrella ; parasol; awning; protective envelope such as bag, sachet or similar products; protective cover or canvas.
  • the invention also relates to a curtain or curtain element. blind using the textile of the invention.
  • the curtain or blind element of the invention intended to be placed at near an opening, such as a window, French window or the like, view of protecting furniture, works of art and materials from ultraviolet radiation and / or persons, includes at least one textile as defined in what precedes.
  • the known fabrics comprising by example of warp threads 1 and weft threads 2 are treated so as to have, around their external surface, a protective coating 3 against the ultraviolet radiation.
  • ultra-violet radiation represented schematically by arrows in the figures, are stopped when they arrive on fibers but can pass between the fibers or meshes fabric.
  • the textile of the invention as shown diagrammatically in the Figures 3 and 4, for example comprises warp threads 1 and weft threads 2.
  • the fabric is covered with a protective coating 4 as defined in what precedes stopping ultraviolet radiation, whatever its "point of impact", for example on a warp 1 or a weft 2, or in space remaining between the intertwining of the wires.
  • a textile support made of polyester fibers, comprising 47 threads of chain of a unit titration of 23 dtex and 50 weft threads of a unit titration of 167 dtex and a weight per square meter of 70-75 g is fed to a coating device comprising an air scraping system.
  • the acrylic dispersion-filter product mixture is then deposited on the surface of the textile, with a grammage of 15 g / m 2 .
  • the coated textile is then dried in a tunnel oven (ream Brückner) with seven compartments, at a stepped temperature varying between 100 ° C and 150 ° C.
  • the coated textile is then brought into contact with a cylinder of calendering heated to a temperature of 100 ° C. and to a pressure of 40 kg / cm, at a speed of 20 m per min.
  • the polymerization of the coating layer is carried out by passing textile coated in a tunnel oven (Brückner train) with seven compartments, heated to a temperature of 180 ° C, at a speed of 15 m / min.
  • a tunnel oven Brückner train
  • the textile obtained shows an index filtration greater than 50. Filtration of ultra-violet radiation between 250 and 370 nm is greater than 95%.
  • a 100% bleached cotton support comprising 20 threads of a unit titration of 34 dtex and 20 weft threads of a unit titration of 34 dtex, weighing 115 g per square meter is fed to a coating device having an air scraping system.
  • the formulation obtained is deposited with a grammage of 20 g / m 2 .
  • the coated textile is then dried in a tunnel oven (ream Brückner) with six compartments, at a stepped temperature of between 100 ° C and 160 ° C.
  • the coated textile is then brought into contact with a cylinder of calendering heated to a temperature of 100 ° C. and to a pressure of 40 kg / cm, at a speed of 25 m per min.
  • the polymerization of the protective layer is carried out by passing textile coated in a tunnel oven (Brückner train) with seven compartments, heated to a temperature of 180 ° C, at a speed of 15 m / min.
  • a tunnel oven Brückner train
  • the coated textile obtained has a filtration index greater than 93 % between 250 nm and 370 nm.
  • UVA filtration is also improved.
  • the textile support of example 1 above is coated, using a coating device comprising a scraping system in the air, with the acrylic dispersion of Example 1 in which the SOLARTEX filtering product CUT (registered trademark) is replaced by 5% by weight of a filtering product at benzophenone base (product marketed under the name LOWILITE 20 (registered trademark) by GREAT LAKES (Switzerland)) and 1% by weight of a yellow dye marketed under the name MINERPRINT RN (registered trademark) by the company MINERVA (Italy).
  • SOLARTEX filtering product CUT registered trademark
  • LOWILITE 20 registered trademark
  • MINERPRINT RN registered trademark
  • the mixing is carried out in the same way as in the examples previous.
  • the aqueous dispersion is deposited on the textile support with a grammage of 15 g / m ⁇ .
  • the coated textile undergoes a drying, calendering and polymerization of the protective layer in the same way as in Example 1 above.
  • the product obtained shows a filtration index greater than 50 and a improved filtration of ultraviolet radiation up to 470 nm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
EP19980402696 1997-10-31 1998-10-29 UV-filternde textile Flächengebilde, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung, sowie Verwendung Expired - Lifetime EP0913518B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9713716A FR2770542B1 (fr) 1997-10-31 1997-10-31 Support textile filtrant les rayons ultra-violets, son procede de preparation, ses utilisations
FR9713716 1997-10-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0913518A1 true EP0913518A1 (de) 1999-05-06
EP0913518B1 EP0913518B1 (de) 2006-06-14

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19980402696 Expired - Lifetime EP0913518B1 (de) 1997-10-31 1998-10-29 UV-filternde textile Flächengebilde, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung, sowie Verwendung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0913518B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69834889T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2267172T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2770542B1 (de)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9131790B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2015-09-15 Aavn, Inc. Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
EP2960366A1 (de) * 2014-06-25 2015-12-30 Yen-Lin Tsai Sonnenblende und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Überdachung
US9394634B2 (en) 2014-03-20 2016-07-19 Arun Agarwal Woven shielding textile impervious to visible and ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation
US9493892B1 (en) 2012-08-15 2016-11-15 Arun Agarwal Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
US9708736B2 (en) 2014-05-29 2017-07-18 Arun Agarwal Production of high cotton number or low denier core spun yarn for weaving of reactive fabric and enhanced bedding
US9717313B2 (en) 2014-06-25 2017-08-01 Yen-Lin Tsai Sunshade and method of preparing a canopy
US10443159B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2019-10-15 Arun Agarwal Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
US10477931B2 (en) 2014-06-25 2019-11-19 Yen-Lin Tsai Sunshade and method of preparing a canopy
US10640614B2 (en) 2016-07-28 2020-05-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Segmented silicone polyamide block copolymers and articles containing the same
US10808337B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2020-10-20 Arun Agarwal Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
CN111957108A (zh) * 2020-08-30 2020-11-20 宁波耀众模塑科技有限公司 一种空气过滤效果好的聚氨酯发泡产品配方
US10865330B2 (en) 2016-07-28 2020-12-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Segmented silicone polyamide block copolymers and articles containing the same
US11168414B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2021-11-09 Arun Agarwal Selective abrading of a surface of a woven textile fabric with proliferated thread count based on simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
US11225733B2 (en) 2018-08-31 2022-01-18 Arun Agarwal Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
US11359311B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2022-06-14 Arun Agarwal Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
US12091785B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2024-09-17 Aavn, Inc. Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220220665A1 (en) * 2021-01-11 2022-07-14 Taya Canvas (Shanghai) Company Ltd Textile structure

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JPH02292036A (ja) * 1989-05-02 1990-12-03 Du Pont Toray Keburaa Kk 防水シートおよび雨具
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Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9493892B1 (en) 2012-08-15 2016-11-15 Arun Agarwal Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
US10443159B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2019-10-15 Arun Agarwal Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
US10808337B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2020-10-20 Arun Agarwal Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
US9481950B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2016-11-01 Arun Agarwal Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
US11359311B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2022-06-14 Arun Agarwal Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
US9708737B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2017-07-18 Arun Agarwal Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
US9131790B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2015-09-15 Aavn, Inc. Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
US10472744B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2019-11-12 Arun Agarwal Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
US12091785B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2024-09-17 Aavn, Inc. Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
US11168414B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2021-11-09 Arun Agarwal Selective abrading of a surface of a woven textile fabric with proliferated thread count based on simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
US10066324B2 (en) 2013-08-15 2018-09-04 Arun Agarwal Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
US9394634B2 (en) 2014-03-20 2016-07-19 Arun Agarwal Woven shielding textile impervious to visible and ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation
US9708736B2 (en) 2014-05-29 2017-07-18 Arun Agarwal Production of high cotton number or low denier core spun yarn for weaving of reactive fabric and enhanced bedding
US10428445B2 (en) 2014-05-29 2019-10-01 Arun Agarwal Production of high cotton number or low denier core spun yarn for weaving of reactive fabric and enhanced bedding
US10477931B2 (en) 2014-06-25 2019-11-19 Yen-Lin Tsai Sunshade and method of preparing a canopy
US9717313B2 (en) 2014-06-25 2017-08-01 Yen-Lin Tsai Sunshade and method of preparing a canopy
EP2960366A1 (de) * 2014-06-25 2015-12-30 Yen-Lin Tsai Sonnenblende und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Überdachung
US10640614B2 (en) 2016-07-28 2020-05-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Segmented silicone polyamide block copolymers and articles containing the same
US10865330B2 (en) 2016-07-28 2020-12-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Segmented silicone polyamide block copolymers and articles containing the same
US11225733B2 (en) 2018-08-31 2022-01-18 Arun Agarwal Proliferated thread count of a woven textile by simultaneous insertion within a single pick insertion event of a loom apparatus multiple adjacent parallel yarns drawn from a multi-pick yarn package
CN111957108A (zh) * 2020-08-30 2020-11-20 宁波耀众模塑科技有限公司 一种空气过滤效果好的聚氨酯发泡产品配方

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69834889T2 (de) 2007-01-11
EP0913518B1 (de) 2006-06-14
ES2267172T3 (es) 2007-03-01
FR2770542A1 (fr) 1999-05-07
DE69834889D1 (de) 2006-07-27
FR2770542B1 (fr) 2001-03-23

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