EP0908530B1 - Blatt für eine Säge oder ein Messer und Herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents
Blatt für eine Säge oder ein Messer und Herstellungsverfahren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0908530B1 EP0908530B1 EP98118991A EP98118991A EP0908530B1 EP 0908530 B1 EP0908530 B1 EP 0908530B1 EP 98118991 A EP98118991 A EP 98118991A EP 98118991 A EP98118991 A EP 98118991A EP 0908530 B1 EP0908530 B1 EP 0908530B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen
- core
- steel
- hardness
- hrc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- the invention relates to a base sheet according to the preamble of claim 1.
- EP 055694A2 describes a generic base sheet. There is a procedure described, by means of which both in the surface of the base sheet Nitrogen and carbon is diffused. This is done by carbonitriding. Due to the large difference in hardness between surface and core a self-resharpening cutting station should be formed.
- EP 0751234 describes a base material for the production of master sheets for circular saws, cutting discs, frame saws as well as cutting and scraping devices, where carbon is diffused into the surface.
- a low-carbon base steel (Case hardening steel) with a carbon content of 0.1 to 0.2 percent. Carbon is then carburized on this steel, so that from its outer wall areas a carburized area towards the inner core with a from outer edge of the outer wall to the non-carburized core declining carbon content is available.
- the depth of the carburized area should be selected in this way be that after hardening and tempering a third of the total thickness of the base steel remain soft and two thirds hard.
- the core remains unhardened.
- the carburizing on both sides serves as a sandwich-like raw material for the saw industry. It is said to have a higher hardness on the surface can be achieved with the same operational and fracture safety and the noise emission be reduced in operation.
- the master sheets made in this way are used in further process steps to manufacture the end product of hard metal saw teeth, diamonds or the like applied.
- the invention has for its object a base sheet or a method to specify a base sheet for which, while reducing the Blade heating during operation has a reduced cutting width with simultaneous Increasing the cutting speed is possible.
- the diffusion process according to the invention forms on the surface or carbonitrides near the surface and nitrides in the lower zones.
- the process parameters are chosen so that a connection zone with subsequent diffusion zone arises.
- the thin surface zone of 20 micrometers has excellent sliding properties, which is why friction heating when cutting, especially wood, can be significantly reduced.
- the ceramic-like character of this surface has the character of a lubricant.
- the Thermo-technical treatment takes place at temperatures below 600 ° C at temperatures well below case hardening where carbon alone diffused into deep layers. At these temperatures it is Solubility of steel for carbon very low.
- the diffusion parameters nitrogen diffusion are selected so that the diffusion zone is up to protrudes a maximum of 400 microns into the core material.
- the depth of diffusion of nitrogen is 200 microns. But it is also planned that the diffusion depth is only 100 microns.
- the surface hardness can be 300 to 400 HV.
- weakly alloyed Steels that are alloyed with 0.3% chromium for example, can have a surface hardness 500 to 650 HV 1.
- a surface hardness of over 700 HV 1 is possible.
- the Surface hardness can even be 1,150 HV 1 for high-alloy steels. in the The core area should have a hardness of 300 to 450 HV 1 (32 and 50 HRC).
- the selected steel quality Preferably depending on the selected steel quality, it is in the range between 350 and 430 HV (38 to 48 HRC).
- HV 38 to 48 HRC
- the nitrogen and carbon content in the near-surface connection zone is almost constant.
- the nitrogen concentration in the diffusion zone takes you continuously over a wide range constant gradients down to the core concentration.
- the core concentration is reached after 400 microns. As a result of this concentration gradient there is a continuous drop in hardness in the diffusion zone up to the core area out.
- Such steels can also be used which are coated with vanadium, Chromium or molybdenum or nickel are alloyed. Regarding such steels is referred to the article H. Berns: "Tools made of martensitic steel in 292 Z w F 66 (1971), No. 6 ".
- the diffusion in accordance with the invention is carried out by nitrocarburizing designated process at temperatures up to 570 ° C.
- the Temperature above 480 ° C. Arise at this treatment temperature temperature-dependent, complex compounds with different nitrogen and carbon levels.
- nitrogen can be part of the carbon replace and be included in the carbides, taking Form carbonitrides. In contrast to pure ammonia nitriding, this is not necessary because of the typical rough surface.
- the steel can improve before treatment its core properties are remunerated. With a previous one The tempering temperature must, however, be remunerated or tempered 20 ° to 30 ° higher than the treatment temperature at thermochemical Treatment. But it can also be lower. Then there is another Tempering at its core.
- the nitro carburizing can take place in a gas as well as by an applied one Powder.
- carbon is diffused in and nitrogen in a mixture of ammonia and a carburizing gas.
- calcium cyanamide is used as Powder used.
- the amount of carbon diffused in is essential less than that of nitrogen.
- the base sheets made in this way in which either carbide cutting later to be soldered or diamond rubbers to be applied or teeth cut, can heat up to approx. 500 ° C without that a harmful conversion takes place.
- the technology according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the saw blades.
- a base sheet with a diameter of 400 mm which for example, has a wall thickness of 3 mm
- the wall thickness can 2.4 mm or even less. It's a reduction by more than 20% possible.
- the internal residual stresses built up compensate for the reduced form stability due to the reduction in thickness.
- the fatigue strength is significantly increased.
- a layer material (sediment material) with a hardened or tempered core, which in contrast to the known layer material is not soft, but has a uniform martensite structure.
- the material initially forms a hardened zone with a rising edge Nitrogen content.
- the connection layer directly on the edge forms special nitro carbides and has a smooth sliding surface.
- the hardening takes place during the diffusion phase and can be done without quenching be achieved.
- the treatment temperature is comparatively low. In a variant of the method, it can be 520 ° to 560 °.
- the procedure is applicable to all types of steel, alloyed and non-alloyed. Advantageous is the increase in fatigue strength, corrosion resistance and the temperature resistance.
- the nitrided layer retains its high hardness up to approx. 500 ° C.
- the one with the Manufacturing accompanying large residual compressive stress allows manufacturing thin saw blades with constant stability. One goes with manufacturing great tension that allows thin saw blades to be manufactured without that flutter occurs at high speeds.
- Both high-carbon and low-carbon steel can be used as the base steel be used.
- a steel is preferably used, which is hardenable without post-treatment, a base steel with from the edge to the core constant carbon content.
- the base steel is made by the thermochemical Treatment on both sides in the near-surface area nitrogen and Carbon diffused.
- the hardness profiles in Fig. 5 with the letters A, B, C are related to a circular saw blade as shown in the 1 and 2 is shown.
- the base saw blade 1 forms two opposite Surfaces 3, 4 and has tooth-like projections that the hard metal plate 2, which form the saw teeth.
- the width of the carbide tip 2 is greater than the strength of the base sheet 1, so that the actual cutting activity from the hard metal plate 2 and not from the near surface Area on both sides of the nitro-carburized base sheet.
- Example A is a so-called CV2 steel with a Core hardness of 438 HV 1.
- a surface hardness of 707 is formed up to 720 HV 1.
- the hardness depth is 0.09 mm and the connection layer thickness 3 to 4 microns.
- Nitro carburizing only makes the outermost one thin surface layer enriched with carbon, being there is a nitrogen-carbon compound. To deeper areas of the Base sheet then the nitrogen concentration steadily decreases. As shown in Fig. 5 the hardness gradient in the area near the surface is 2.9 HV 1 per micrometer or 0.148 HRC per micrometer.
- Example B is a type steel O32 with a core hardness of 376 HV 1 Nitro carburizing surface hardness is 614 up to 624 HV 1. The hardness depth is 0.1 mm and the Link layer thickness 4 to 5 microns. The hardness gradient on the surface is 4 HV 1 per micrometer or 0.22 HRC per micron.
- Example C a steel with the designation S2 was used used, the core hardness is 375 HV 1. After this Nitro carburizing has a surface hardness of 695 to 705 HV 1. The hardness depth is 0.09 mm and the connecting layer thickness 3 to 4 microns. The hardness gradient in the area near the surface is 3 HV 1 per micrometer or 0.18 HRC per micron.
- All steels are 2.5 mm thick. Through nitro carburizing a ceramic smooth steel surface with high sliding properties generated, so that the warming up and the abrasion is minimized during sawing through the wood to be sawn.
- FIG. 3 and 4 is a cross-section of a master sheet for a Circular knife shown.
- the steel thickness is 5 mm. While it is the Steels of Examples A to C was low-alloy steels it is in the embodiment, relating to FIGS. 3 and 4, a high alloy steel. The course of the Vickers hardness is shown in FIG. 6.
- Fig. 3 shows the base sheet for a circular knife, in which none Cutting edge is present. This takes place only after nitro carburizing a corresponding removal of material on the surface, so that the point to each other tapering surface sections 13, 14 of the base sheet 11 through Form a cutting edge 15 on both sides.
- the cutting edge 15 is already in a material that is outside of the nitrogen diffusion area, namely in the middle of the sheet.
- the high-alloy steel is nitro-carburized on both sides in such a way that the surface hardness at 1,150 HV 1. In the core area, the hardness is around 540 HV 1. The gradient in the near-surface area is approximately 7 HV 1 per micrometer or 0.3 HRC per micrometer.
- the circular knife the intersecting zone is not from a nitro-carburizing surface section trained, but from the core area later formed to the cutting edge from base material.
- the cutting edge also becomes continuous during operation reground.
- the change is a success of the invention the sliding properties of the surfaces viewed in the frictional action stand by the workpiece.
- the nitro-carburized surface not only makes the Friction resistance significantly reduced, but also the stability of the tool increased.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Knives (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- einen Ausschnitt aus einem Sägeblatt aus nitrokarburierten Basisstahl mit aufgebrachten Hartmetallplättchen,
- Fig. 2
- ein Schnitt gemäß der Linie II-II in Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3
- ein Basisblatt für einen Kreismesser vor dem Abziehen der Schneide,
- Fig. 4
- ein Kreismesserblatt gemäß Fig. 3 nach durch Abziehen ausgebildeter Schneide,
- Fig. 5
- einen Härtequerschnitt im oberflächennahen Bereich dreier Basisblätter für ein Kreissägeblatt aus unterschiedlichen Stählen, wobei nach rechts die Tiefe in Millimetern und nach oben die Vickers-Härte 1 abgetragen ist, und
- Fig. 6
- eine Darstellung gemäß Fig. 5 eines Basisblattes für einen Kreismesser.
Claims (7)
- Beidseitig thermochemisch behandeltes Basisblatt für ein Stammblatt eines Kreissägenblattes, Trennsägeblattes, Kreismessers, Maschinenmessers aus Stahl mit durch Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoff-Eindiffusion gehärteten Außenbereichen, wobeider Stahl bei Temperaturen unter 600°C nitrokarburiert ist,die Eindringtiefe von Kohlenstoff in die Oberfläche bei maximal 5 µm liegt,die Eindringtiefe von Stickstoff bei maximal 400 µm liegt,in der oberflächennahen Zone der Stickstoff- und Kohlenstoffgehalt nahezu konstant ist,die Stickstoffkonzentration in der nachfolgenden Diffusionsschicht kontinuierlich mit über weite Bereiche konstantem Gradienten bis zur Kernkonzentration abnimmt,bei einer Kernhärte von 315 bis 530 HV1 (32 bis 50 HRC) und bei einer Oberflächenhärte von 600 bis 940 HV1 (54 bis 68 HRC) für niedrig legierte Stähle bzw. bis zu 1.150 HV 1 für hoch legierte Stähle die Härte vom Kern zum Außenbereich hin kontinuierlich ansteigt unddie aus der randseitigen Volumenausdehnung resultierende Zugspannung im Kern größer ist, als die bei der Maximaldrehzahl auftretenden Fliehkräfte.
- Basisblatt nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Stickstoff mit zum Kern hin flacher werdenden Konzentrationsgradienten eindiffundiert ist.
- Basisblatt nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stahl des Ausgangsmateriales aufgrund seiner chemischen Zusammensetzung ohne Nachbehandlung mit vom Rand zum Kern hin konstanten Kohlenstoffgehalt härtbar ist.
- Basisblatt nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Härte im Stickstoffdiffusionsbereich mit einem Härtegradient von 0,05 bis 0,4 HRC/µm, vorzugsweise 0,15 bis 0,25 HRC/µm für Sägeblätter oder ca. 0,3 bis 0,4 HRC/µm für Messerblätter, abnimmt.
- Basisblatt nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Kern ein vergütetes Martensitgefüge vorhanden ist.
- Basisblatt nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Basisstahl ein martensitbildender Stahl ist.
- Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Basisblattes gemäß einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche durch beidseitiges thermochemisches Eindiffundieren von Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff in den Außenbereich, wobei durch nitrokarburieren des Stahles bei Temperaturen unter 600°C Stickstoff und in geringerem Umfange Kohlenstoff derart in den Stahl eindiffundiert, dass die Eindringtiefe von Kohlenstoff in die Oberfläche bei maximal 5 µm, die Eindringtiefe von Stickstoff bei maximal 400 µm liegt und in der oberflächennahen Zone der Stickstoff- und Kohlenstoffgehalt nahezu konstant ist, die Stickstoffkonzentration in der nachfolgenden Diffusionsschicht kontinuierlich mit über weite Bereiche konstantem Gradienten bis zur Kernkonzentration abnimmt, so dass bei einer Kernhärte von 315 bis 530 HV 1 (32 bis 50 HRC) und bei einer Oberflächenhärte von 600 bis 940 HV1 (54 bis 68 HRC) für niedrig legierte Stähle bzw. bis zu 1.150 HV 1 für hoch legierte Stähle die Härte vom Kern zum Außenbereich hin kontinuierlich ansteigt und die aus der randseitigen Volumenausdehnung resultierende Zugspannung im Kern größer ist, als die bei der Maximaldrehzahl auftretenden Fliehkräfte.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19744512A DE19744512A1 (de) | 1997-10-09 | 1997-10-09 | Basisblatt oder Basismaterial für ein Stammblatt, Kreissägeblatt, Trennsägeblatt, Kreismesser, Maschinenmesser |
DE19744512 | 1997-10-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0908530A1 EP0908530A1 (de) | 1999-04-14 |
EP0908530B1 true EP0908530B1 (de) | 2002-09-04 |
Family
ID=7844988
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98118991A Expired - Lifetime EP0908530B1 (de) | 1997-10-09 | 1998-10-08 | Blatt für eine Säge oder ein Messer und Herstellungsverfahren |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0908530B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE223513T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19744512A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2180106T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006054022B4 (de) * | 2006-11-16 | 2012-05-24 | Xaver Mayer | Sägekette für Motorkettensäge |
DE102012106351B4 (de) | 2012-07-13 | 2015-11-19 | C. & E. Fein Gmbh | Sägeblatt oder Trennschleifblatt aus martensitischem Edelstahl oder Stahl sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
SE542356C2 (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2020-04-14 | Husqvarna Ab | Cutting blade and method for producing a cutting blade |
DE102021125083A1 (de) | 2021-09-28 | 2023-03-30 | Sprick Gmbh Bielefelder Papier- Und Wellpappenwerke & Co. | Guillotine-Abtrennstation |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4204000C2 (de) * | 1992-02-12 | 1993-11-18 | Esm Ennepetaler Schneid U Maeh | Klinge aus Stahl für land- und forstwirtschaftliche Zwecke sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
DE59503930D1 (de) * | 1995-06-30 | 1998-11-19 | Picard Fa Carl Aug | Stammblatt einer Säge, wie einer Kreis- oder Gattersäge, einer Trennscheibe, einer Schneide- oder einer Schabvorrichtung |
-
1997
- 1997-10-09 DE DE19744512A patent/DE19744512A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-10-08 DE DE59805388T patent/DE59805388D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-08 ES ES98118991T patent/ES2180106T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-08 EP EP98118991A patent/EP0908530B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-08 AT AT98118991T patent/ATE223513T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE223513T1 (de) | 2002-09-15 |
EP0908530A1 (de) | 1999-04-14 |
DE19744512A1 (de) | 1999-04-15 |
DE59805388D1 (de) | 2002-10-10 |
ES2180106T3 (es) | 2003-02-01 |
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