EP0906494B1 - Turbine shaft and process for cooling it - Google Patents

Turbine shaft and process for cooling it Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0906494B1
EP0906494B1 EP97923804A EP97923804A EP0906494B1 EP 0906494 B1 EP0906494 B1 EP 0906494B1 EP 97923804 A EP97923804 A EP 97923804A EP 97923804 A EP97923804 A EP 97923804A EP 0906494 B1 EP0906494 B1 EP 0906494B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine shaft
shaft
turbine
steam
cooling
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP97923804A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0906494A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas FELDMÜLLER
Helmut Pollak
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/06—Fluid supply conduits to nozzles or the like
    • F01D9/065—Fluid supply or removal conduits traversing the working fluid flow, e.g. for lubrication-, cooling-, or sealing fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D3/00—Machines or engines with axial-thrust balancing effected by working-fluid
    • F01D3/02—Machines or engines with axial-thrust balancing effected by working-fluid characterised by having one fluid flow in one axial direction and another fluid flow in the opposite direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a turbine shaft, which extends along extends a major axis and has an outer surface, and a method for cooling a turbine shaft.
  • DE-OS 15 51 210 is a rotor for a steam turbine great performance described in disc design.
  • the disks are connected to each other by a central tie rod. They have an asymmetrical shape on the wreaths tied together trained saw toothing.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a turbine shaft, which can be cooled in a thermally highly resilient area is.
  • Another object of the invention is a method for cooling a turbine shaft arranged in a turbine specify.
  • Such a turbine shaft is therefore a fluidic one Connection between the outer surface of the turbine shaft and an internal axial gap educated. This allows cooling fluid to enter the interior of the turbine shaft introduced and through the axial gap in the axial direction be passed through the turbine shaft so that cooling of the turbine shaft in the area of the axial gap is guaranteed.
  • a steam turbine Cooling fluid preferably an action fluid (process steam), which by an inflow of connected to the turbine shaft Blades set the turbine shaft in rotation.
  • the radial channels preferably open at different Pressure levels on the outer surface of the turbine shaft, so that automatically through the pressure drop forms a flow through the turbine shaft.
  • Due to the geometric arrangement of the radial mouth Channels to the outer surface can be the volume flow of the Cooling fluid, which is branched off from the action fluid the required cooling capacity can be adjusted.
  • the required cooling capacity can be adjusted.
  • Differential pressure level no mechanical work to drive the Turbine shaft. After flowing out through the radial channel with lower pressure level back into the flow of the action fluid also performs the action fluid used as the cooling fluid mechanical work again and thus contributes to efficiency the steam turbine.
  • the cylindrical shaft segments also called rotor disks in the following referred to, preferably each have a central Connection opening through which a single connecting element, a tie rod is guided.
  • the connection opening has a larger cross section than the tie rod, so that preferably an annular axial gap between Shaft segment and tie rod for cooling fluid to flow through is formed.
  • connecting elements tilt rods
  • the respective connecting axis of the connecting elements is parallel to the main axis of the turbine shaft.
  • the respective connecting axes arranged on a circle, the The center coincides with the main axis.
  • At least one radial channel in particular are both radial channels, between two directly next to each other bordering wave segments formed.
  • a radial channel can but also through an essentially radial bore through the shaft segment from the outer surface to the connection opening be realized through.
  • Radial means here preferably perpendicular to the main axis, but closes also any connection between the outer surface and the connection opening, which at least partially in Direction of the main axis is directed.
  • the turbine shaft is preferably for a double-flow turbine is provided and accordingly has an axial central region to which the action fluid immediately after inflow got into the turbine and there in two essentially equal partial streams is divided.
  • the axial middle area is preferably axially between the radial channels arranged.
  • the middle area, which the action fluid at exposed to the highest temperature preferably has a cavity through which cooling fluid can flow.
  • the cavity is preferably rotationally symmetrical to the Main axis trained. It is closed by a shielding element which is a rotationally symmetrical one for current division Has survey.
  • the cavity can be fluidly be connected to the axial gap. It is also possible Cooling fluid over the casing of a turbine and one that Feed the shielding element to the mounting bracket.
  • the turbine shaft is preferably in a steam turbine, in particular a double-flow medium pressure turbine.
  • Flow path comprising the two axially spaced apart radial channels and the associated fluidic axial channel is cooling the central area the turbine shaft guaranteed.
  • Cooling fluid acting action fluid from the partial flow of one Flood at a lower pressure level in the partial flow the second flood into it. This is called the cooling fluid used action fluid returned to the entire steam process and therefore contributes to the efficiency of the overall process at.
  • the directed towards a method for cooling a turbine shaft The object is achieved in that with a turbine shaft with a plurality axially one behind the other along a main axis arranged cylindrical shaft segments with a Bracing element are clamped together, cooling fluid through a first radial channel into an axial gap between the bracing element and the shaft segment introduced and through a second radial channel from the turbine shaft is brought out.
  • This is, as already above executed a turbine shaft in a thermal during the Operation of the turbine shaft highly stressed area from the inside coolable here.
  • Such a turbine shaft is therefore also in one Steam turbine plant with steam inlet temperatures above 600 ° C suitable.
  • To carry out a corresponding Cooling capacity becomes the axial gap a volume flow of cooling fluid supplied between 1% to 4%, especially between 1.5% and 3% of the total live steam volume flow lies.
  • the turbine shaft and the method are used as examples the figure shown in the drawing.
  • the single figure shows a detail in a longitudinal section a turbine with a turbine shaft.
  • connection openings 6 each have the same cross section and are arranged centrally to each other and to the main axis 2.
  • bracing elements 7 In principle it is possible also several, in particular more than three, bracing elements 7 to be provided through respective connection openings 6 are performed.
  • the tie rod 7 attacks the outermost, not shown, shaft segments so that an axial bracing of the shaft elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d to each other.
  • the tie rod 7 preferably has this a thread, not shown, in which also engages clamping nut, not shown.
  • Spur tooth coupling in particular plank serration (Hirth serration).
  • connection openings 6 each have a cross section that is larger than the cross section of the tie rod 7, so that between one respective shaft segment 4a and the tie rod 7 an axial Gap 8, in particular an annular gap, remains.
  • an outer surface 3 of the Turbine shaft 1 formed.
  • the housing 18 surrounding the turbine shaft 1 has an inflow region 19 for live steam 12.
  • the inflow area Associated with 19, the turbine shaft 1 has a central region 11 in which a cavity 13 is formed. This cavity 13 and the central region 11 of the turbine shaft 1 compared to a hot one flowing through the inflow region 19 Action fluid 12 (live steam) through a shielding element 17 before direct contact with the action fluid 12 shielded.
  • the shielding element 17 is rotationally symmetrical to the main axis 2 and has one of the main axis 2 directed elevation.
  • the shielding element 17 serves to divide the action fluid 12, the Live steam, in two approximately equal partial flows.
  • the shielding element 17 is each over the first row of vanes 14 Partial stream connected to the housing 18.
  • Cooling fluid supply passes through the cooling fluid Housing 18, the first row of guide vanes 14 and the shielding element 17 into the cavity 13 and causes there a cooling of the turbine shaft 1 in the middle area 11.
  • the cooling fluid can be in the cavity 13 due to the heat exchange be heated with the action fluid 12 and over Fluid discharges, not shown, the steam process again are fed.
  • the second radial Gap 9b passes the cooling fluid 12b at a location lower Pressure into the partial flow directed to the right and thus again does work on those still to be flowed through Blade 15.
  • the cooling fluid 12b through the first radial channel 9a a pressure of about 11 bar and a temperature of about 400 ° C removed from the partial flow directed to the left and at a pressure level less than 11 bar the right-facing one Partial stream are fed again.
  • the axial Gap 8 is preferably a volume flow rate of 1% to 4%, in particular 1.5% to 3%, of the total live steam volume flow, which drives the turbine shaft.
  • the invention is characterized by a turbine shaft, which a plurality of axially one behind the other and has mutually braced shaft segments, in the interior an axially directed gap is provided.
  • This The gap is connected to two different through two radial channels Pressure levels with the current of the turbine shaft driving Action fluids fluidly connected.
  • the radial channels are preferably located where there are two shaft segments contiguous.
  • a pressure differential is operated Cooling fluid flow from the action fluid (Live steam) branched off.
  • a branched off from the live steam flow Cooling steam flow passes through the first radial channel in the axially directed gap and from there over the second radial channel back into the live steam flow.
  • the area adjacent to the axial gap Turbine shaft cooled from the inside and for cooling used cooling fluid returned to the entire steam process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

A turbine shaft extends along a principal axis and has an outer surface. The turbine shaft is formed by a plurality of cylindrical shaft segments which are disposed axially one behind the other and are braced together by a bracing element. An axial gap which is formed between the bracing element and at least one shaft segment is connected in terms of flow to two axially spaced radial passages. The radial passages each open at the outer surface of the turbine shaft. A method for cooling a turbine shaft is also provided.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Turbinenwelle, welche sich entlang einer Hauptachse erstreckt und eine Außenoberfläche aufweist, sowie ein Verfahren zur Kühlung einer Turbinenwelle.The invention relates to a turbine shaft, which extends along extends a major axis and has an outer surface, and a method for cooling a turbine shaft.

Zur Steigerung des Wirkungsgrades einer Dampfturbine trägt die Verwendung von Dampf mit höheren Drücken und Temperaturen bei, insbesondere sogenannte überkritische Dampfzustände, mit einer Temperatur von beispielsweise über 550 °C. Die Verwendung von Dampf mit einem solchen Dampfzustand stellt erhöhte Anforderungen an eine entsprechend beaufschlagte Turbinenwelle einer Dampfturbine.Contributes to increasing the efficiency of a steam turbine the use of steam at higher pressures and temperatures with, in particular so-called supercritical vapor states, with a temperature of, for example, over 550 ° C. The usage of steam with such a vapor state represents increased Requirements for an appropriately loaded turbine shaft a steam turbine.

In der DE 32 09 506 A1, hierzu korrespondiert die EP 0 088 944 B1, ist eine Wellenabschirmung mit Drallkühlung für einen Bereich einer Turbinenwelle beschrieben, der der Frischdampf unmittelbar nach Einströmen in die Turbine ausgesetzt ist. Bei der drallkühlung strömt Dampf durch vier tangentiale Bohrungen der Wellenabschirmung in Drehrichtung der Turbinenwelle in den Bereich zwischen der Wellenabschirmung und der Turbinenwelle ein. Dabei expandiert der Dampf, die Temperatur sinkt, wodurch die Turbinenwelle gekühlt wird. Die Wellenabschirmung ist dampfdicht mit einer Leitschaufelreihe verbunden. Durch die Drallkühlung läßt sich eine Temperaturabsenkung der Turbinenwelle in der Umgebung der Läuferabschirmung von etwa 15 K erreichen. In der Wellenabschirmung sind für die Drallkühlung Düsen eingebracht, welche in Drehrichtung der Turbinenwelle gesehen tangential in den zwischen der Turbinenwelle und der Wellenabschirmung gebildeten Ringkanal einmünden. DE 32 09 506 A1 corresponds to this EP 0 088 944 B1, is a shaft shield with swirl cooling described for a region of a turbine shaft, which the Live steam exposed immediately after flowing into the turbine is. With swirl cooling, steam flows through four tangential lines Bores of the shaft shield in the direction of rotation Turbine shaft in the area between the shaft shield and the turbine shaft. The steam expands that The temperature drops, which cools the turbine shaft. The Shaft shielding is vapor tight with a row of guide vanes connected. The swirl cooling can reduce the temperature the turbine shaft in the vicinity of the rotor shield of about 15 K. In the shaft shield nozzles are inserted for the swirl cooling, which are in the direction of rotation the turbine shaft seen tangentially in between the turbine shaft and the shaft shield formed ring channel open out.

In der schweizer Patentschrift 259 566 ist ein Läufer für Kreiselmaschinen, ein Läufer für Gasturbinen, beschrieben, welcher quer zur Drehachse unterteilt aus mehreren Stücken zusammengesetzt und durch mindestens einen zentralen, mindestens eine Teilzahl der Läuferstücke durchdringenden Zuganker zusammengehalten ist. Der Läufer ist zumindestens an seinen heißesten Stellen durch einen Luft- oder Gasstrom gekühlt.In the Swiss patent specification 259 566 there is a runner for Gyroscopes, a rotor for gas turbines, described, which is divided across the axis of rotation from several pieces composed and by at least one central, at least a partial number of tie rods penetrating the rotor pieces is held together. The runner is at least at his hottest places cooled by a stream of air or gas.

In der DE-OS 15 51 210 ist ein Läufer für eine Dampfturbine großer Leistung in Scheibenbauart beschrieben. Die Scheiben sind durch einen zentralen Zuganker miteinander verbunden. Sie weisen an den aneinandergespannten Kränzen eine unsymmetrisch ausgebildete Sägeverzahnung auf. In DE-OS 15 51 210 is a rotor for a steam turbine great performance described in disc design. The disks are connected to each other by a central tie rod. They have an asymmetrical shape on the wreaths tied together trained saw toothing.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Turbinenwelle anzugeben, welche in einem thermisch hoch belastbaren Bereich kühlbar ist. Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung liegt darin, ein Verfahren zur Kühlung einer in einer Turbine angeordneten Turbinenwelle anzugeben.The object of the invention is to provide a turbine shaft, which can be cooled in a thermally highly resilient area is. Another object of the invention is a method for cooling a turbine shaft arranged in a turbine specify.

Die auf eine Turbinenwelle, welche sich entlang einer Hauptachse erstreckt und eine Außenoberfläche aufweist, gerichtete Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die Turbinenwelle eine Mehrzahl entlang der Hauptachse axial hintereinander angeordneter zylindrischer Wellensegmente aufweist, die entlang einer gemeinsamen Verbindungsachse jeweils eine Verbindungsöffnung aufweisen, durch welche ein Verspannungselement geführt ist. Zwischen dem Verspannungselement und zumindest einem Wellensegment ist ein axialer Spalt gebildet, der mit zwei axial voneinander beabstandeten radialen Kanälen, insbesondere Spalten, strömungstechnisch verbunden ist, die jeweils an der Außenoberfläche münden.The on a turbine shaft, which runs along a Main axis extends and has an outer surface, directed Object is achieved in that the turbine shaft a plurality arranged axially one behind the other along the main axis Has cylindrical shaft segments that run along a common connection axis each a connection opening have, through which a tensioning element is guided is. Between the tensioning element and at least one Shaft segment is formed with an axial gap two axially spaced radial channels, in particular Columns, fluidically connected, each lead to the outer surface.

Bei einer solchen Turbinenwelle ist mithin eine strömungstechnische Verbindung zwischen der Außenoberfläche der Turbinenwelle und einem in ihrem Inneren liegenden axialen Spalt gebildet. Dadurch kann Kühlfluid in das Innere der Turbinenwelle eingeführt und durch den axialen Spalt in axialer Richtung durch die Turbinenwelle hindurchgeführt werden, so daß eine Kühlung der Turbinenwelle im Bereich des axialen Spaltes gewährleistet ist. Bei einer Dampfturbine ist hierbei das Kühlfluid vorzugsweise ein Aktionsfluid (Prozeßdampf), welches durch eine Anströmung von mit der Turbinenwelle verbundenen Laufschaufeln die Turbinenwelle in eine Rotation versetzt. Die radialen Kanäle münden vorzugsweise an unterschiedlichen Druckniveaus an der Außenoberfläche der Turbinenwelle, so daß sich bereits durch das Druckgefälle automatisch eine Strömung durch die Turbinenwelle hindurch ausbildet. Durch die geometrische Anordnung der Mündung der radialen Kanäle an die Außenoberfläche kann der Volumenstrom des Kühlfluides, welches aus dem Aktionsfluid abgezweigt wird, an die geforderte Kühlleistung angepaßt werden. Das zur Kühlung entzogene Aktionsfluid (Prozeßdampf) verrichtet hierbei lediglich über das zwischen den radialen Kanälen vorhandene Differenzdruckniveau keine mechanische Arbeit zum Antrieb der Turbinenwelle. Nach Ausströmen durch den radialen Kanal mit niedrigerem Druckniveau zurück in den Strom des Aktionsfluides verrichtet auch das als Kühlfluid verwendete Aktionsfluid erneut mechanische Arbeit und trägt somit zu dem Wirkungsgrad der Dampfturbine bei.Such a turbine shaft is therefore a fluidic one Connection between the outer surface of the turbine shaft and an internal axial gap educated. This allows cooling fluid to enter the interior of the turbine shaft introduced and through the axial gap in the axial direction be passed through the turbine shaft so that cooling of the turbine shaft in the area of the axial gap is guaranteed. This is the case with a steam turbine Cooling fluid preferably an action fluid (process steam), which by an inflow of connected to the turbine shaft Blades set the turbine shaft in rotation. The radial channels preferably open at different Pressure levels on the outer surface of the turbine shaft, so that automatically through the pressure drop forms a flow through the turbine shaft. Due to the geometric arrangement of the radial mouth Channels to the outer surface can be the volume flow of the Cooling fluid, which is branched off from the action fluid the required cooling capacity can be adjusted. For cooling withdrawn action fluid (process steam) only does this over the existing between the radial channels Differential pressure level no mechanical work to drive the Turbine shaft. After flowing out through the radial channel with lower pressure level back into the flow of the action fluid also performs the action fluid used as the cooling fluid mechanical work again and thus contributes to efficiency the steam turbine.

Die zylindrischen Wellensegmente, im folgenden auch als Läuferscheiben bezeichnet, weisen vorzugsweise jeweils eine zentrale Verbindungsöffnung auf, durch die ein einziges Verbindungselement, ein Zuganker, geführt ist. Die Verbindungsöffnung hat hierbei einen größeren Querschnitt als der Zuganker, so daß vorzugsweise ein ringförmiger axialer Spalt zwischen Wellensegment und Zuganker zur Durchströmung mit Kühlfluid gebildet ist.The cylindrical shaft segments, also called rotor disks in the following referred to, preferably each have a central Connection opening through which a single connecting element, a tie rod is guided. The connection opening has a larger cross section than the tie rod, so that preferably an annular axial gap between Shaft segment and tie rod for cooling fluid to flow through is formed.

Es ist ebenfalls prinzipiell möglich, mehrere, insbesondere drei oder mehr Verbindungselemente (Zuganker) vorzusehen. Die jeweilige Verbindungsachse der Verbindungselemente liegt parallel zur Hauptachse der Turbinenwelle. Vorzugsweise sind die jeweiligen Verbindungsachsen auf einem Kreis angeordnet, dessen Mittelpunkt mit der Hauptachse zusammenfällt.It is also possible in principle, several, in particular provide three or more connecting elements (tie rods). The respective connecting axis of the connecting elements is parallel to the main axis of the turbine shaft. Preferably, the respective connecting axes arranged on a circle, the The center coincides with the main axis.

Vorzugsweise wird zumindest ein radialer Kanal, insbesondere werden beide radiale Kanäle, zwischen zwei unmittelbar aneinander grenzenden Wellensegmenten gebildet. Dies ist beispielsweise dadurch realisiert, daß in den aneinander angrenzenden Wellensegmenten entsprechende Vertiefungen oder Ausnehmungen, Nuten, vorgesehen sind. Ein radialer Kanal kann allerdings auch durch eine im wesentlichen radiale Bohrung durch das Wellensegment von der Außenoberfläche zur Verbindunngsöffnung hindurch realisiert sein. Radial bedeutet hierin vorzugsweise senkrecht zur Hauptachse, schließt allerdings auch jedwede Verbindung zwischen der Außenoberfläche und der Verbindungsöffnung ein, die zumindest teilweise in Richtung der Hauptachse gerichtet ist. Preferably at least one radial channel, in particular are both radial channels, between two directly next to each other bordering wave segments formed. For example, this is realized in that in the adjacent Indentations or recesses corresponding to shaft segments, Grooves are provided. A radial channel can but also through an essentially radial bore through the shaft segment from the outer surface to the connection opening be realized through. Radial means here preferably perpendicular to the main axis, but closes also any connection between the outer surface and the connection opening, which at least partially in Direction of the main axis is directed.

Die Turbinenwelle ist vorzugsweise für eine zweiflutige Turbine vorgesehen und weist dementsprechend einen axialen Mittelbereich auf, an den das Aktionsfluid unmittelbar nach Einströmung in die Turbine gelangt und dort in zwei im wesentlichen gleiche Teilströme aufgeteilt wird. Der axiale Mittelbereich ist vorzugsweise axial zwischen den radialen Kanälen angeordnet. Der Mittelbereich, welcher dem Aktionsfluid bei einer höchsten Temperatur ausgesetzt ist, weist vorzugsweise einen Hohlraum auf, welcher von Kühlfluid durchströmbar ist. Der Hohlraum ist vorzugsweise rotationssymmetrisch zur Hauptachse ausgebildet. Er ist durch ein Abschirmelement abgeschlossen, welches zur Stromteilung eine rotationssymmetrische Erhebung aufweist. Der Hohlraum kann strömungstechnisch mit dem axialen Spalt verbunden sein. Es ist ebenfalls möglich, Kühlfluid über das Gehäuse einer Turbine und einer das Abschirmelement an das Gehäuse befestigende Halterung zuzuführen.The turbine shaft is preferably for a double-flow turbine is provided and accordingly has an axial central region to which the action fluid immediately after inflow got into the turbine and there in two essentially equal partial streams is divided. The axial middle area is preferably axially between the radial channels arranged. The middle area, which the action fluid at exposed to the highest temperature preferably has a cavity through which cooling fluid can flow. The cavity is preferably rotationally symmetrical to the Main axis trained. It is closed by a shielding element which is a rotationally symmetrical one for current division Has survey. The cavity can be fluidly be connected to the axial gap. It is also possible Cooling fluid over the casing of a turbine and one that Feed the shielding element to the mounting bracket.

Die Turbinenwelle ist vorzugsweise in einer Dampfturbine, insbesondere einer zweiflutigen Mitteldruck-Teilturbine, angeordnet. Durch den über den Mittelbereich hinweg gebildeten Strömungsweg umfassend die beiden axial voneinander beabstandeten radialen Kanäle und den damit strömungstechnisch verbundenen axialen Kanal ist eine Kühlung des Mittelbereichs der Turbinenwelle gewährleistet. Insbesondere gelangt als Kühlfluid fungierendes Aktionsfluid aus dem Teilstrom der einen Flut bei einem niedrigeren Druckniveau in den Teilstrom der zweiten Flut hinein. Hierdurch wird das als Kühlfluid verwendete Aktionsfluid wieder dem gesamten Dampfprozeß zugeführt und trägt mithin zum Wirkungsgrad des Gesamtprozesses bei.The turbine shaft is preferably in a steam turbine, in particular a double-flow medium pressure turbine. By being formed across the middle area Flow path comprising the two axially spaced apart radial channels and the associated fluidic axial channel is cooling the central area the turbine shaft guaranteed. In particular arrives as Cooling fluid acting action fluid from the partial flow of one Flood at a lower pressure level in the partial flow the second flood into it. This is called the cooling fluid used action fluid returned to the entire steam process and therefore contributes to the efficiency of the overall process at.

Die auf ein Verfahren zur Kühlung einer Turbinenwelle gerichtete Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß bei einer Turbinenwelle mit einer Mehrzahl entlang einer Hauptachse axial hintereinander angeordneter zylindrischer Wellensegmente, die mit einem Verspannungselement miteinander verspannt sind, Kühlfluid durch einen ersten radialen Kanal in einen axialen Spalt zwischen dem Verspannungselement und dem Wellensegment eingeführt und durch einen zweiten radialen Kanal aus der Turbinenwelle herausgeführt wird. Hierdurch ist, wie bereits oben ausgeführt, eine Turbinenwelle in einem thermisch während des Betriebs der Turbinenwelle hoch belasteten Bereich von innen her kühlbar. Eine solche Turbinenwelle ist somit auch in einer Dampfturbinenanlage mit Dampfeintrittstemperaturen oberhalb 600 °C geeignet. Zur Durchführung einer entsprechenden Kühlleistung wird dem axialen Spalt ein Volumenstrom an Kühlfluid zugeführt, der zwischen 1% bis 4%, insbesondere zwischen 1,5% und 3%, des gesamten Frischdampfvolumenstroms liegt.The directed towards a method for cooling a turbine shaft The object is achieved in that with a turbine shaft with a plurality axially one behind the other along a main axis arranged cylindrical shaft segments with a Bracing element are clamped together, cooling fluid through a first radial channel into an axial gap between the bracing element and the shaft segment introduced and through a second radial channel from the turbine shaft is brought out. This is, as already above executed a turbine shaft in a thermal during the Operation of the turbine shaft highly stressed area from the inside coolable here. Such a turbine shaft is therefore also in one Steam turbine plant with steam inlet temperatures above 600 ° C suitable. To carry out a corresponding Cooling capacity becomes the axial gap a volume flow of cooling fluid supplied between 1% to 4%, especially between 1.5% and 3% of the total live steam volume flow lies.

Die Turbinenwelle sowie das Verfahren werden beispielhaft anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Figur erläutert.The turbine shaft and the method are used as examples the figure shown in the drawing.

Die einzige Figur zeigt in einem Längsschnitt einen Ausschnitt einer Turbine mit einer Turbinenwelle.The single figure shows a detail in a longitudinal section a turbine with a turbine shaft.

In der einzigen Figur ist ein Ausschnitt eines Längsschnittes durch eine zweiflutige Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 10 einer Dampfturbinenanlage dargestellt. In einem Gehäuse 18 ist eine Turbinenwelle 1 angeordnet. Die Turbinenwelle 1 erstreckt sich entlang einer Hauptachse 2 und weist eine Mehrzahl axial hintereinander angeordneter Wellensegmente 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e auf. Jedes Wellensegment 4a, 4b weist um die Hauptachse 2 herum eine jeweilige Verbindungsöffnung 6 auf. Die Verbindungsöffnungen 6 haben jeweils denselben Querschnitt und sind zentrisch zueinander und zur Hauptachse 2 angeordnet. Durch die Verbindungsöffnungen 6 ist entlang einer Verbindungsachse 5 ein Verspannungselement 7, ein Zuganker, geführt. Die Verbindungsachse 5 fällt in dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel mit der Hauptachse 2 zusammen. Es ist prinzipiell möglich, auch mehrere, insbesondere mehr als drei, Verspannungselemente 7 vorzusehen, die durch jeweils entsprechende Verbindungsöffnungen 6 geführt sind. Der Zuganker 7 greift an den äußersten, nicht dargestellten, Wellensegmenten so an, daß eine axiale Verspannung der Wellenelemente 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d aneinander erfolgt. Vorzugsweise weist der Zuganker 7 hierzu ein nicht dargestelltes Gewinde auf, in dem eine ebenfalls nicht dargestellte Spannmutter eingreift. Zur Vermeidung einer Bewegung benachbarter Wellensegmente 4a, 4b in Umfangsrichtung gegeneinander können diese verdrehsicher über eine Stirnzahnkupplung, insbesondere eine Plankerbverzahnung (Hirthverzahnung) miteinander verbunden sein. Die Verbindungsöffnungen 6 haben jeweils einen Querschnitt, der größer als der Querschnitt des Zugankers 7 ist, so daß zwischen einem jeweiligen Wellensegment 4a und dem Zuganker 7 ein axialer Spalt 8, insbesondere ein Ringspalt, verbleibt. Durch die Wellensegmente 4a, 4b, etc. ist eine Außenoberfläche 3 der Turbinenwelle 1 gebildet. In der Umgebung der Außenoberfläche 3 sind aneinandergrenzende Wellensegmente 4a, 4d; 4a, 4b durch eine jeweilige Dichtschweißung 16 für ein Fluid undurchlässig miteinander verbunden. Vorzugsweise zwei Paare von aneinandergrenzenden Wellensegmenten 4d, 4e; 4b, 4c sind so aneinander angeordnet, daß zwischen ihnen ein jeweiliger radialer Kanal 9a, 9b verbleibt.In the single figure is a section of a longitudinal section by a double-flow medium pressure turbine 10 one Steam turbine system shown. In a housing 18 is one Turbine shaft 1 arranged. The turbine shaft 1 extends extends along a major axis 2 and has a plurality axially successively arranged shaft segments 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e on. Each shaft segment 4a, 4b points around the main axis 2 around a respective connection opening 6. The connection openings 6 each have the same cross section and are arranged centrally to each other and to the main axis 2. By the connection openings 6 is along a connection axis 5, a bracing element 7, a tie rod. The connection axis 5 falls in the illustrated embodiment with the main axis 2 together. In principle it is possible also several, in particular more than three, bracing elements 7 to be provided through respective connection openings 6 are performed. The tie rod 7 attacks the outermost, not shown, shaft segments so that an axial bracing of the shaft elements 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d to each other. The tie rod 7 preferably has this a thread, not shown, in which also engages clamping nut, not shown. To avoid a Movement of adjacent shaft segments 4a, 4b in the circumferential direction against each other, they can be rotated against one another Spur tooth coupling, in particular plank serration (Hirth serration). The connection openings 6 each have a cross section that is larger than the cross section of the tie rod 7, so that between one respective shaft segment 4a and the tie rod 7 an axial Gap 8, in particular an annular gap, remains. Through the Shaft segments 4a, 4b, etc. is an outer surface 3 of the Turbine shaft 1 formed. In the vicinity of the outer surface 3 are adjacent wave segments 4a, 4d; 4a, 4b by a respective sealing weld 16 impermeable to a fluid connected with each other. Preferably two pairs of adjacent shaft segments 4d, 4e; 4b, 4c arranged so that a respective one between them radial channel 9a, 9b remains.

Das die Turbinenwelle 1 umgebende Gehäuse 18 weist einen Einströmbereich 19 für Frischdampf 12 auf. Dem Einströmbereich 19 zugeordnet weist die Turbinenwelle 1 einen Mittelbereich 11 auf, in dem ein Hohlraum 13 ausgebildet ist. Dieser Hohlraum 13 sowie der Mittelbereich 11 der Turbinenwelle 1 sind gegenüber einem heißen, durch den Einströmbereich 19 durchströmenden Aktionsfluid 12 (Frischdampf) durch ein Abschirmelement 17 vor einem unmittelbaren Kontakt mit dem Aktionsfluid 12 abgeschirmt. Das Abschirmelement 17 ist rotationssymmetrisch zur Hauptachse 2 ausgebildet und weist eine von der Hauptachse 2 weg gerichtete Erhebung auf. Das Abschirmelement 17 dient einer Aufteilung des Aktionsfluides 12, des Frischdampfes, in zwei annähernd gleiche Teilströme. Das Abschirmelement 17 ist über die erste Leitschaufelreihe 14 jedes Teilstroms mit dem Gehäuse 18 verbunden. Durch nicht dargestellte Kühlfluidzuführungen gelangt Kühlfluid durch das Gehäuse 18, die erste Leitschaufelreihe 14 und das Abschirmelement 17 hindurch in den Hohlraum 13 hinein und bewirkt dort eine Kühlung der Turbinenwelle 1 in dem Mittelbereich 11. Das Kühlfluid kann in dem Hohlraum 13 aufgrund des Wärmeaustauschs mit dem Aktionsfluid 12 erhitzt werden und über nicht dargestellte Fluidableitungen dem Dampfprozeß wieder zugeführt werden.The housing 18 surrounding the turbine shaft 1 has an inflow region 19 for live steam 12. The inflow area Associated with 19, the turbine shaft 1 has a central region 11 in which a cavity 13 is formed. This cavity 13 and the central region 11 of the turbine shaft 1 compared to a hot one flowing through the inflow region 19 Action fluid 12 (live steam) through a shielding element 17 before direct contact with the action fluid 12 shielded. The shielding element 17 is rotationally symmetrical to the main axis 2 and has one of the main axis 2 directed elevation. The shielding element 17 serves to divide the action fluid 12, the Live steam, in two approximately equal partial flows. The shielding element 17 is each over the first row of vanes 14 Partial stream connected to the housing 18. By not shown Cooling fluid supply passes through the cooling fluid Housing 18, the first row of guide vanes 14 and the shielding element 17 into the cavity 13 and causes there a cooling of the turbine shaft 1 in the middle area 11. The cooling fluid can be in the cavity 13 due to the heat exchange be heated with the action fluid 12 and over Fluid discharges, not shown, the steam process again are fed.

In Strömungsrichtung des Aktionsfluides 12 sind, wie bei einer Dampfturbine üblich, abwechselnd axial hintereinander mit der Turbinenwelle 1 verbundene Laufschaufelreihen 15 und mit dem Gehäuse 18 verbundene Leitschaufelreihen 14 angeordnet. Eine Kühlung der Turbinenwelle 1 auch von innen heraus, insbesondere in dem Mittelbereich 11, wird erzielt, indem durch den ersten radialen Kanal 9a bereits etwas entspanntes Aktionsfluid 12 in den axialen Spalt 8 zwischen Zuganker 7 und Wellensegmenten 4d, 4a, 4b einströmt. Dieser Teilstrom des Aktionsfluides 12 wirkt als Kühlfluid 12b, welches zuerst entgegen der Stömungsrichtung des in der Darstellung links strömenden Teilstroms geführt wird. Durch den zweiten radialen Spalt 9b gelangt das Kühlfluid 12b an einer Stelle niedrigeren Drucks in den nach rechts gerichteten Teilstrom hinein und leistet somit wieder Arbeit an den noch zu durchströmenden Lauf schaufeln 15. Bei der dargestellten Turbine 10 kann das Kühlfluid 12b durch den ersten radialen Kanal 9a bei einem Druck von etwa 11 bar und einer Temperatur von etwa 400 °C aus dem nach links gerichteten Teilstrom abgeführt und bei einem Druckniveau kleiner 11 bar dem nach rechts gerichteten Teilstrom wieder zugeführt werden. Es ist ebenfalls möglich, zum Zwecke der Kühlung den axialen Spalt 8 strömungstechnisch mit dem Hohlraum 13 zu verbinden. Dem axialen Spalt 8 wird vorzugsweise ein Volumenstromanteil von 1% bis 4%, insbesondere 1,5% bis 3%, des gesamten Frischdampfvolumenstroms, welcher die Turbinenwelle antreibt, zugeführt. In the direction of flow of the action fluid 12, as with a Steam turbine usual, alternating axially with one another the turbine shaft 1 connected blade rows 15 and the vane rows 14 connected to the housing 18 are arranged. Cooling of the turbine shaft 1 also from the inside, in particular in the central area 11 is achieved by the first radial channel 9a already somewhat relaxed action fluid 12 in the axial gap 8 between tie rods 7 and Flows in shaft segments 4d, 4a, 4b. This partial flow of Action fluids 12 act as cooling fluid 12b, which is first against the direction of flow of the left in the illustration flowing partial stream is guided. By the second radial Gap 9b passes the cooling fluid 12b at a location lower Pressure into the partial flow directed to the right and thus again does work on those still to be flowed through Blade 15. In the illustrated turbine 10 the cooling fluid 12b through the first radial channel 9a a pressure of about 11 bar and a temperature of about 400 ° C removed from the partial flow directed to the left and at a pressure level less than 11 bar the right-facing one Partial stream are fed again. It is also possible, for the purpose of cooling the axial gap 8 in terms of flow technology to connect to the cavity 13. The axial Gap 8 is preferably a volume flow rate of 1% to 4%, in particular 1.5% to 3%, of the total live steam volume flow, which drives the turbine shaft.

Die Erfindung zeichnet sich durch eine Turbinenwelle aus, welche eine Mehrzahl axial hintereinander angeordneter und miteinander verspannter Wellensegmente aufweist, in deren Innerem ein axial gerichteter Spalt vorgesehen ist. Dieser Spalt ist über zwei radiale Kanäle an zwei unterschiedlichen Druckniveaus mit dem Strom des die Turbinenwelle antreibenden Aktionsfluides strömungstechnisch verbunden. Die radialen Kanäle liegen vorzugsweise dort, wo jeweils zwei Wellensegmente aneinandergrenzen. Bereits aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Druckniveaus, an denen die jeweiligen radialen Spalte an der Außenoberfläche der Turbinenwelle münden, wird eine druckdifferenz-betriebene Kühlfluidströmung von dem Aktionsfluid (Frischdampf) abgezweigt. Ein aus dem Frischdampfstrom abgezweigter Kühldampfstrom gelangt über den ersten radialen Kanal in den axial gerichteten Spalt und von dort über den zweiten radialen Kanal wieder in den Frischdampfstrom zurück. Hierdurch wird der dem axialen Spalt benachbarte Bereich der Turbinenwelle von innen heraus gekühlt und das für die Kühlung verwendete Kühlfluid wieder dem gesamten Dampfprozeß zugeführt.The invention is characterized by a turbine shaft, which a plurality of axially one behind the other and has mutually braced shaft segments, in the interior an axially directed gap is provided. This The gap is connected to two different through two radial channels Pressure levels with the current of the turbine shaft driving Action fluids fluidly connected. The radial channels are preferably located where there are two shaft segments contiguous. Already because of the different Pressure levels at which the respective radial column at the The outer surface of the turbine shaft opens, a pressure differential is operated Cooling fluid flow from the action fluid (Live steam) branched off. A branched off from the live steam flow Cooling steam flow passes through the first radial channel in the axially directed gap and from there over the second radial channel back into the live steam flow. As a result, the area adjacent to the axial gap Turbine shaft cooled from the inside and for cooling used cooling fluid returned to the entire steam process.

Claims (8)

  1. Turbine shaft (1) in a double-flow steam turbine (10), in particular a double-flow medium-pressure part-turbine, with an axial middle region (11) for the inflow and flow division of an action fluid (12), the turbine shaft extending along a main axis (2) and having an outer surface (3), characterized by a plurality of cylindrical shaft segments (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) which are arranged axially one behind the other along the main axis (2) and which each have along a common connecting axis (5) a connecting orifice (6), through which a bracing element (7) is led, an axial gap (8) being formed between the bracing element (7) and at least one shaft segment (4a, 4b, 4c), and two radial ducts (9a, 9b) being provided, which are spaced axially from one another and which are fluidically connected to the axial gap (8) and each issue on the outer surface (3), the middle region (11) being arranged axially between the radial ducts (9a, 9b).
  2. Turbine shaft (1) according to Claim 1, in which the connecting element (7) is a central tie rod for which the main axis (2) and the connecting axis (5) coincide.
  3. Turbine shaft (1) according to Claim 1, in which at least three connecting elements (7) are provided, the respective connecting axis (5) of which is directed parallel to the main axis (3).
  4. Turbine shaft (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which at least one radial duct (9a, 9b) is provided between two shaft segments (4b, 4c; 4d, 4e) contiguous to one another.
  5. Turbine shaft (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which a cavity (13), through which cooling fluid (12b) is capable of flowing, is provided in the middle region (11).
  6. Turbine shaft (1) according to Claim 5, in which the cavity (13) is fluidically connected to the axial gap (8).
  7. Method for cooling a turbine shaft (1) of a steam turbine (15), having a plurality of cylindrical shaft segments (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) which are arranged axially one behind the other along a main axis (2) and which are braced relative to one another by means of a bracing element (7), cooling steam (12a) being introduced through a first radial duct (9a) into an axial gap (8) between the bracing element (7) and the shaft segment (4a) and being led out of the turbine shaft (1) through a second radial duct (9b).
  8. Method according to Claim 9, in which a volume flow of steam of 1.0% - 4.0%, in particular 1.5% - 3%, of the total fresh-steam volume flow is supplied to the axial gap (8).
EP97923804A 1996-06-21 1997-05-12 Turbine shaft and process for cooling it Expired - Lifetime EP0906494B1 (en)

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DE19624805 1996-06-21
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CZ422798A3 (en) 1999-04-14
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US6102654A (en) 2000-08-15
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DE59710625D1 (en) 2003-09-25
ATE230065T1 (en) 2003-01-15

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