EP0906462B1 - Aus zwei lagen und richtbaren verbindungsfaden bestehende gestricktetextilstruktur und verfahren zu deren herstellung. - Google Patents

Aus zwei lagen und richtbaren verbindungsfaden bestehende gestricktetextilstruktur und verfahren zu deren herstellung. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0906462B1
EP0906462B1 EP97926080A EP97926080A EP0906462B1 EP 0906462 B1 EP0906462 B1 EP 0906462B1 EP 97926080 A EP97926080 A EP 97926080A EP 97926080 A EP97926080 A EP 97926080A EP 0906462 B1 EP0906462 B1 EP 0906462B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rows
needles
stitches
row
textile structure
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EP97926080A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0906462A1 (de
Inventor
Patrick Chadeyron
Félix SCHIANO
Eric Schiano
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Etect
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Etect
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/021—Lofty fabric with equidistantly spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs

Definitions

  • the invention relates mainly to a textile structure formed in a single operation at using one or more knitted yarns comprising two skins each of which is made up of rows of as well as a core made up of rows of threads connecting connecting the two skins.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a textile structure.
  • the knitted textile structure conforms to the invention can be used in very many industrial fields.
  • this composite material can in particular be used to form panels sandwich of any shape, developable or not.
  • Such panels can in particular be used to convey a fluid such as a refrigeration fluid. They can also be used to make a structure inflatable or anti-ballistic armor structure. Filling the core of the structure with a material suitable also allows for protection particularly effective thermal.
  • the knitted thread (s) are impregnated with a ceramic or carbon matrix for give the textile structure the characteristics of a refractory composite material
  • this material can especially be used to make structures support of optical devices (carbon-carbon composites) in the space industry, or refractory radomes for tall radars resolutions.
  • such a knitted textile structure has the advantage of being able to be shaped, which authorizes the manufacture of uneven panels, developable or not. Indeed, the technique of knitting results in the formation of stitches which give a certain flexibility to the skins of the textile structure.
  • the structure described in the document WO-A-92 13125 is produced according to a cycle which consists of knitting a row of stitches on each of the skins and to connect them by a row of threads binding, on a double needle machine.
  • the textile structure described in this document therefore does not allow its mechanical properties to a precise specification in completely controlling the orientation of the connecting wires.
  • the textile structure obtained using a such a trade includes two skins connected by son of link.
  • one of the wire networks is necessarily perpendicular to the planes of the skins.
  • most of the wires of link are hung on two different rows of one skins.
  • a knitted fabric knitted according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from document EP-A-0 610 845.
  • the main object of the invention is a knitted textile structure, whose particular design allows him to control practically at will the orientation of the connecting wires and, consequently, to adapt the mechanical properties of the structure to specifications, while preserving the possibilities of shaping resulting from the use of a technique knitting.
  • this result is obtained by means of a textile structure formed of at least a knitted yarn comprising two skins, each of which is made up of rows of meshes, oriented in one direction of frame (OY) of the structure, and a formed soul rows of connecting wires connecting the two skins and oriented in said weft direction, each row of connecting wires being hung, alternately on each skins with a different mesh of the same row of meshes, so as to form a first non-zero angle between consecutive connecting wires of the same row of bond, the first angle being measured in orthogonal projection in a first plane oriented in the weft direction and forming a 90 ° angle with the planes of the skins; characterized by the fact that two consecutive rows of connecting wires are hung on the same row of meshes of one of the skins and two non-consecutive rows of mesh on the other skin, so as to form a second non-zero angle between the consecutive rows of connecting wires, the second angle being measured in orthogonal
  • the first angle formed between the connecting wires of the same rank, in a frame direction of the structure, and the second angle formed between the row connecting threads different, according to a chain direction of the structure can be controlled practically at will. So the first angle can be changed by changing the spacing between the needles of the knitting machine and / or by hooking the connecting wires to consecutive or not.
  • the second angle depends as for the number of rows of stitches that we knit on each of the skins of the textile structure between two consecutive rows of connecting wires.
  • Two families of compliant textile structures to the invention can be obtained, depending on whether the rows of connecting wires are hung on the rows of stitches without forming stitches, i.e. without knitting of the connecting thread by the needles of the machine, or that the rows of connecting wires are hooked to rows of stitches forming stitches, that is to say by knitting the connecting thread.
  • the connecting thread is fixed by knitting on each skin and an increment of skin is thus formed on each skin when performing each row of connecting wires.
  • Another distinction between the different textile structures according to the invention can be made by observing, in a chain direction of the textile structure, the stitches of the rows of stitches on which the rows of connecting wires are hung.
  • the connecting wires constituting the core of the textile structure has a structure in a pyramid when the meshes on which are hung the rows of connecting wires are aligned according to the chain direction of the structure.
  • the connecting wires can also form a network in X when the textile structure is observed according to the direction of chain. This result is obtained in hanging the consecutive rows of connecting wires to meshes offset in a weft direction of the textile structure and hanging a row of threads link on two to meshes aligned according to the chain management.
  • the first angle can be modified, in order to satisfy the specifications, by choosing the mesh on which each row of connecting wires is hung.
  • each row of connecting wires can be hung, alternately on each of the skins, non-consecutive stitches of the same row of stitches.
  • These non-consecutive meshes can then be separated by a constant number of meshes, at least equal to one, or be separated by a number of mesh which varies between two different values, for form a regular pattern.
  • the wires of connection present different inclinations by compared to the skins, whereas in the first case, the inclinations of the connecting wires can be identical or not, as the case may be.
  • the inclination of the connecting wires depends also of the relative position of the meshes of the two skins.
  • the meshes of the two skins can either be arranged opposite one another, are shifted so that each mesh of one skins is located between two meshes of the other skin, in the weft direction of the structure.
  • the textile structure according to the invention can be used in the dry state, i.e. without impregnation of the knitted thread (s) which up.
  • some applications require the presence of an impregnation and setting matrix shape of knitted yarn.
  • the soul of the structure forms an open space between the wires of link.
  • the open space formed between the connecting wires contains a matrix of filling which can be carried out in the same material or in a different material than that of the impregnation matrix.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a textile structure of the defined type previously.
  • the different rows of connecting wires either by hanging yarn knitted by needles without forming stitches, either by hanging the knitted thread on the needles way to form stitches.
  • Different textile structures are obtained according to whether the first and the second rows of connecting threads by hanging the thread knitted on the same needles on the first and on the second rows of needles or first and second rows of connecting wires in hanging the knitted yarn on different needles, on at least one of the first and second rows needles.
  • the two rows of needles are preferably offset relative to each other in the weft direction of the structure to be manufactured.
  • the non-consecutive needles on which we hang the knitted yarn can be separated by a number constant of needles or by a number of needles which varies between two distinct values, to form a regular pattern.
  • the needles of both rows of needles can be either offset one relative to each other in a weft direction of the structure, either arranged opposite one of the other.
  • the textile structure When the textile structure is not used dry, it is then shaped into applying it to a forming surface, impregnating the knitted yarn of an impregnation material, now the two skins of the structure apart one from the other, then ensuring the hardening of the impregnation material so that the soul of the structure forms an open space, devoid of material of impregnation between the connecting wires.
  • the structure textile according to the invention comprises two skins 10a and 10b connected by an essentially constituted soul of connecting wires 12.
  • this structure textile is obtained in a single operation, by knitting of one or more threads on a machine appropriate knitting. Different techniques of manufacturing of this textile structure will be described later.
  • Each of the two skins 10a and 10b of the textile structure consists of rows of stitches knitted, oriented in the weft direction of the structure, identified by the OY axis in Figure 1. Each row of stitches is illustrated by a dashed line on the figure and designated by the reference 11a or 11b, depending that it belongs to the skins 10a or 10b.
  • the chain direction of the structure is identified by the OX axis while the OZ axis is oriented in the thickness direction of the structure.
  • the connecting wires 12 are arranged in rows of oriented connecting wires in the OY frame direction of the structure. Each of these rows of connecting wires is hung alternately on each of the skins 10a and 10b to a mesh 14a, 14b different from the same row of meshes 11a, 11b, so that form a first non-zero angle ⁇ (Figure 1) between the 12 consecutive connecting wires of the same row of link.
  • two consecutive rows of link 12 are attached to the same row of meshes 11a, 11b of one of the skins 10a, 10b and two rows of non-consecutive stitches on the other skin, so that form a second non-zero angle ⁇ between the connecting wires 12 of consecutive rows.
  • angles ⁇ and ⁇ are measured in orthogonal projection in planes oriented respectively according to the direction OY frame and in the direction of OX chain, said planes, both forming a 90 ° plane with the planes of skins 10a and 10b.
  • connecting wires 12 belonging to two rows of consecutive connecting wires of the structure are attached to the same mesh of one of the skins (for example, a mesh 14a of the skin 10a on Figure 1) and four meshes belonging to two non-consecutive rows of stitches on the other skin (by example, four stitches 14b of skin 10b on the figure 1), so as to form a square or a rectangle.
  • Each group of four adjacent connecting wires 12 thus forms an elementary mesh in the form of pyramid.
  • two consecutive rows of connecting son 12 are hung alternately on meshes different on the same row of meshes of one of the skins (for example, mesh 14a of skin 10a on Figure 2). Furthermore, these two rows of sons of link 12 are hung on meshes located on second row of non-consecutive stitches (for example, mesh 14b of skin 10b on the figure 2), so as to form isosceles triangles on the latter.
  • FIG 3 there is shown respectively in a and b a section along the weft direction and a section along the warp direction of a textile structure whose elementary mesh is comparable to that which has been described above with reference to Figure 1.
  • the angles ⁇ and ⁇ of inclination of the connecting son 12 respectively in the weft direction and in the warp direction of the textile structure are substantially equal.
  • the bisectors of these angles ⁇ and ⁇ are perpendicular to the skins 10a and 10b of the structure.
  • Figure 5 relates to a structure comparable to that which is illustrated in perspective in Figure 2.
  • a and b two sections of the structure in the weft direction passing through two rows of connecting son 12 consecutive.
  • the attachment of these two consecutive rows of connecting son 12 on the meshes of the skins 10a and 10b is carried out, in each of the skins, on meshes offset by a half-step in the direction frame structure.
  • the connecting wires 12 are aligned along the chain direction of the structure. It is the same for the meshes of each of the skins 10a and 10b to which these connecting wires are attached.
  • the bisectors of the angles ⁇ are perpendicular to the skins 10a and 10b of the structure, as in the embodiments of Figures 3 and 4.
  • the angle formed between each of the connecting wires 12 and skins 10a and 10b, depending on the frame direction of the structure, is the same for all connecting wires 12.
  • FIG. 6 differs precisely from the previous ones by the fact that the bisectors of the angles ⁇ formed by the connecting wires 12 are not perpendicular to the skins 10a and 10b of the structure. Furthermore, the structure illustrated in FIG. 6 constitutes a variant of that which has just been described with reference to FIG. 5. Thus, a section b , illustrated in a , b and c in FIG. 6 is comparable to that which are illustrated in a , b and c in Figure 5.
  • the consecutive connecting wires 12 of the same row of connecting wires have two different inclinations with respect to the skins 10a and 10b.
  • the superposition of sections a and b which correspond to two rows of consecutive connecting threads leads to giving the web of the textile structure a relatively complex geometry when it is observed according to the direction of chain. It is thus possible to produce textile structures making it possible to meet any type of specification, whatever the application envisaged.
  • FIG. 7 A cycle of the process making it possible to produce the textile structure in accordance with the invention is illustrated very schematically in FIG. 7. More precisely, the four main stages of a , b , c and d are represented in this FIG. such a cycle. The realization of a complete textile structure supposes the repetition of this cycle a great number of times.
  • the first step of the cycle consists in making a row of connecting threads 12 by alternately hooking these connecting threads to stitches 14a situated on the same row of stitches of the skin 10a and on meshes 14b situated on the same row of meshes of the skin 10b.
  • the second stage of the cycle consists in making one or more rows of stitches on only one of the skins of the structure.
  • several rows of stitches 14b are produced on the skin 10b.
  • the third stage of the cycle consists in making a new row of connecting threads 12.
  • This row of connecting threads 12 is hung alternately on the stitches of the last two rows of stitches produced on the skins 10a and 10b.
  • this new row of connecting threads 12 is hung on the skin 10a in the row of stitches 14a to which the previous row of connecting threads 12 is hung and, on the skin 10b, in the last row of stitches 14b made during the previous step illustrated in b .
  • the fourth stage of the cycle illustrated in d in FIG. 7, consists in making one or more rows of stitches on the other skin.
  • one or more rows of stitches 14a are thus produced on the skin 10a.
  • this cycle is repeat as many times as necessary to get the desired textile structure length.
  • the angle ⁇ formed between the connecting wires 12 in the direction of the chain of the textile structure depends mainly on the number of rows of stitches 14a and 14b which are knitted on each of the skins 10a and 10b between completion of two rows of 12 consecutive connecting wires.
  • This angle ⁇ can therefore also be adapted as desired by according to the specifications.
  • the knitting machine used here is a straight type machine with selection of needles and threads. It should be noted that a machine of the circular type can also be used, without departing from the scope of the invention As illustrated very diagrammatically in FIG. 8, this machine comprises two needle support guides or needle beds 16a and 16b.
  • the two needle beds 16a and 16b are inclined and arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane, in which the textile structure is produced. More specifically, the needle beds 16a and 16b are arranged so that their nearest upper ends are separated by an adjustable spacing e , which determines the thickness of the fabric structure produced.
  • the machine used in the tests conducted by the applicant had an e variable spacing between 4.5 mm and 8 mm.
  • the needle beds 16a and 16b have grooves regularly spaced 18a and 18b. These grooves are located in perpendicular planes in the vertical plane of symmetry of the needle beds. He is at note that adjusting the relative position of beds 16a and 16b is also possible according to a weft direction, i.e. perpendicular to the plan of Figure 8. This setting allows you to place will the respective grooves 18a and 18b of the two needle beds either in an alignment position in which these grooves are located opposite the from each other, either in an offset position in which the grooves of one of the needle beds are located midway between the grooves of the other needle bed.
  • Each of the grooves 18a and 18b formed on the beds 16a and 16b respectively receive a needle 20a and 20b. More specifically, each of needles 20a and 20b is received in one of the grooves 18a and 18b so that they can slide inside of it.
  • needles 20a and 20b likely to protrude beyond the ends the tall beds 16a and 16b are all identical. They are characterized by the presence of a hook 22a, 22b open upwards and a valve 24a, 24b.
  • Each of the valves 24a and 24b is articulated on the corresponding needle near the hook 22a and 22b, so that it can occupy either a position open, in which the valve is tilted towards the bottom of the needle as shown in Figure 8, or a closed position, in which the valve is tilted up the needle and closes the hook 22a, 22b corresponding.
  • Each of the needles 20a and 20b comprises moreover, at its lower end opposite the hook 24a, 24b, a heel 26a and 26b respectively.
  • This heel is oriented upwards so as to project from the upper face of the needle bed 16a or 16b corresponding. This arrangement makes it possible to control the displacements of needles 20a and 20b in their grooves 18a and 18b, necessary for knitting.
  • the knitting machine also includes a carriage 28 which overlaps the beds 16a and 16b.
  • This carriage 28 is animated with a back and forth movement in one direction perpendicular to the plane of Figure 8, that is to say according to the weft direction of the textile structure.
  • the carriage 28 In its part located in the vertical plane of symmetry of the needle beds 16a and 16b, the carriage 28 has a wire guide 30 which is immediately above the line that the needles 20a and 20 can cross as shown in Figure 8.
  • the knitting yarn 32 used to make the textile structure travels between the current structure and the spool of wire (not shown) through this wire guide 30.
  • each of these wires goes through a different wire guide 30 carried by the carriage 28.
  • the main function of the carriage 28 is to movement control of needles 20a and 20b in their grooves 18a and 18b, when it passes over these needles during its back and forth movement.
  • the carriage 28 is equipped a system of cams 34a and 34b above each beds 16a and 16b.
  • each of the cam systems 34a and 34b has several cams likely to occupy a active or inactive position.
  • a selector mechanism acts on each of the cam systems 34a and 34b, so as to make one of the cams operative of each of these systems, depending on the type of operation that you want to make during the next trip from carriage 28. This selection is made automatic, according to a preset program.
  • a first cam 36a of the cam system 34a is in the form of a groove into which the pins 26a of the needles 20a in front of which is the carriage 28.
  • the cam 36a is designed to allow the creation of a row of meshes on the structure textile.
  • Figure 9 illustrates the case where the carriage moves upward, so that the action of the cam 36a on the hands 20a is read from top to low.
  • the needles 20a are numbered 20a (1) to 20a (5) from top to bottom, on the figure 9.
  • the needle 20a (1) is in position waiting, that is, its heel 26a (1) has penetrated in cam 36a but that this has not yet caused no movement of this needle 20a (1). This last is therefore in the low position in the groove 18a which corresponds to it, its hook 22a (1) being practically retracted in the needle bed 16a.
  • This hook 22a (1) carries a mesh M made during from a previous passage of the carriage.
  • the valve 24a (1) is open.
  • the needle 20a (2) started to be moved up in its groove 18a by the action of the cam 36a on its heel 26a (2). Because of the inclination of the needles 20a illustrated in the figure 8 and the tractive effort usually exerted on the textile structure during manufacture, the mesh M escaped from hook 22a (2) and came to place on valve 24a (2), which it has not yet crossed the end.
  • the needle 20a (3) undergoes the maximum action of cam 36a. It then occupies a high position extreme in its groove 18a, which is characterized by the causes the mesh M to cross the end of the valve 24a (3) and lies directly on the body of the needle.
  • the needle 20a (4) has started to descend in its groove 18a, under the action of the cam 36a, and occupies a position comparable to that of the needle 20a (2).
  • the previous mesh M is always beyond the end of the valve 24a.
  • the difference essential with respect to needle 20a (3) results from fact that the wire guide 30 (figure 8) has deposited a new knitting yarn 32 in hook 22a (4) of this needle 20a (4).
  • a mechanism (not shown) automatically brings the flap in the open position illustrated for needle 20a (1).
  • FIG 10 another cam 38a of the cam system 34a.
  • This cam 38a is also consisting of a groove in which penetrate the heels 26a of the needles 20a located in face of the carriage 28. It differs from the cam 36a by the fact that it allows to hang the knitted yarn with needles without forming a stitch.
  • Needle 20a (2) 'from the top constitutes, in the case of FIG. 10, the needle central on which the cam 38a acts. His position in the groove 18a corresponds to that of the needles 20a (2) and 20a (2) in Figure 9, i.e. this needle 20a (2) 'is not in the extreme position high but only in an intermediate position, in which the mesh M remains on the valve 24a (2) ' without crossing its end. Knitting yarn 32 is deposited at this point in hook 22a (2) 'of this needle 20a (2) 'through the thread guide 30 of the carriage 28.
  • the needle In the rest of the carriage movement, the needle returns to its retracted position as we illustrated for needle 20a (3) 'in Figure 10. Under these conditions, the mesh M descends into the hook 22a (3) 'on which are therefore hooked to both this stitch M and the knitting yarn 32 which has just been placed in the hook.
  • the systems cams 34a and 34b can also occupy positions in which the passage of the carriage 28 does not control no movement of the needles carried by the needle bed corresponding 16a or 16b.
  • the needles 20a and 20b of each row of needles may have heels 26a and 26b of different lengths if one wishes that certain passages of the carriage 28 command selectively moving only part of the needles.
  • the cam systems 34a and 34b include a first series of cams, the position allows them to act only on the needles whose heels are very long and a second series of cams whose position allows them to act on all needles.
  • FIGS. 11 to 17 the manufacture of different textile structures in accordance with the invention, these different textile structures being distinguished from one another by their geometry, as has been described above with reference to in particular in FIGS. 3 to 6.
  • FIGS. 11 to 17 there is shown in a to f the effect of each of the successive passages of the carriage 28 during a cycle for manufacturing the textile structure as it described above with reference to Figure 7.
  • dots in Figures 11 to 17 the ends of the hooks 22a and 22b of the needles 20a and 20b.
  • only the knitting yarn deposited during the last passage of the carriage is shown each time.
  • Figure 11 corresponds to manufacturing of a textile structure whose architecture is comparable to that previously described in referring to Figures 1 and 3.
  • the needles 20a and 20b are offset from each other others according to the frame direction of the structure textile to manufacture. This is achieved by shifting the needle beds 16a and 16b of half a step one with respect to the other perpendicular to the plane of Figure 8, as noted before.
  • the knitting yarn 32 is deposited in the hooks 22a and 22b of the needles without forming a loop. This result is obtained by placing in the active position in each of the cam systems 34a and 34b a cam of the type of cam 38a in FIG. 10.
  • the passages of the carriage 28 illustrated in b and c in FIG. 11 correspond to the formation of two rows of meshes 14b on the skin 10b of the structure. These two passages of the carriage therefore correspond to the second stage of the cycle, represented at b in FIG. 7. As already noted, the number of these passages can be any number, at least equal to one, depending on the value sought for the angle ⁇ .
  • the knitting yarn 32 forms a row of stitches 14b on the hooks 22b of the needles 20b.
  • no thread is deposited on the hooks of the needles 20a.
  • a cam similar to the cam 36a illustrated in FIG. 9 is selected on the cam system 34b, while the cam system 34a is brought into a position such that the passage of the carriage 28 has no effect on needles 20a.
  • the next passage of the carriage 28, illustrated at d in FIG. 11, corresponds to the third stage of the cycle, illustrated at c in FIG. 7.
  • This passage has an effect identical to that illustrated at a in FIG. 11, it is that is, the knitting yarn 32 is again deposited alternately on the hooks 22a and 22b of the needles 20a and 20b, without forming a loop.
  • the passages of the carriage 28 illustrated at e and f in FIG. 11 correspond to the third stage of the cycle, illustrated at d in FIG. 7. They result in this case in the production of two consecutive rows of stitches 14a of the skin 20a of the textile structure.
  • the cam systems 34a and 34b are given a symmetrical configuration with respect to that which they occupied during the passages illustrated in b and c in FIG. 11. More precisely, the cam system 34b occupies then a position such that the carriage 28 does not act on the needles 20b during its passage. On the contrary, the cam 36a illustrated in FIG. 9 is selected on the cam system 34a.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an alternative embodiment which differs from the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 11 only by the passages of the carriage 28 corresponding to the production of each of the rows of connecting wires 12. These passages are illustrated in a and d in figure 12.
  • each row of connecting threads 12 is hung on each of the skins of the textile structure, also forming meshes 14'a, 14'b.
  • the passage of the carriage 28 corresponding to the carrying out of the steps illustrated in a and d in FIG. 12 is preceded by the selection of the cams corresponding to the cam 36a in FIG. 9, on the cam systems 34a and 34b.
  • needles 20a and 20b of the two rows needles are aligned, that is to say arranged in vis-à-vis each other.
  • the connecting thread 32 which is always deposited alternately on the needles 20a and 20b of the two rows of needles, is not deposited on all the needles in each of the rows.
  • the embodiment in Figure 13 illustrates the case where the wire 32 is hung alternately in each of the two rows needles 20a and 20b on one of two needles of this row. So, since the needles 20a and 20b are arranged face to face, the wire link 32 is only deposited on one of the needles of each pair of needles 20a and 20b thus formed. As already described with reference to Figure 4, this arrangement of the rows of connecting wires 12 allows to give the angle ⁇ formed by these wires in a weft direction of the textile structure a significantly higher value than when the wires of link are hung on all needles.
  • two different types of needles are used in each of the rows of needles 20a and 20b arranged alternately in each row so that a needle of a given type is between two needles of the other type.
  • the mounting of the needles 20a and 20b is such that the needles located opposite one another are always of different types.
  • the two types of needles essentially differ in the length of their heels, as described above.
  • the cam systems 34a and 34b of the carriage 28 are actuated so as to select cams comparable to the cam 38a in FIG. 10 and whose position is such that it acts only on the needles 20a and 20b having heels of great length (that is to say on one needle out of two in each row of needles).
  • two cams comparable to the cam 36a of FIG. 9 are selected on the cam system 34b and whose locations allow them to act simultaneously on all of the hands 22b, whatever their type.
  • each of the passages of the carriage 28 corresponding to the realization of a row of threads link 12 leads to hang the wire 32 on the same needles 20a and 20b in each of the two rows needles. All the connecting wires 32 are therefore aligned when looking at the textile structure according to the chain management.
  • the needles 20a and 20b of the two rows of needles are placed opposite one another as in the embodiment of FIG. 13.
  • the first passage of the carriage illustrated in a in FIG. 14 has the effect of hooking the knitting thread 32 alternately on a needle of the row of needles 20a and on a needle of the row of needles 20b, leaving each time an empty needle in each of the two rows of needles.
  • the knitting yarn 32 is deposited alternately on the needles of each of the two rows of needles 20a and 20b left free during the passage of the carriage illustrated in a on this same figure.
  • each row needles 20a and 20b we use two different types of needles in each row needles 20a and 20b, these needles being arranged alternately so that a needle of a given type is always between two needles the other guy in each of the two rows and that the needles placed opposite each other are of different types.
  • a cam of the type of cam 38a in FIG. 10 acts on the needles 20a and 20b of a given type without acting on the needles of the other type, during the passage illustrated in a in FIG. 14.
  • another cam similar to the cam 38a in FIG. 10 is selected on each of the cam systems 34a and 34b, so as to act only on the needles of the other type when the carriage 28 passes.
  • one or the other of the cam systems 34a and 34b is equipped at the same time with two cams comparable to the cam 36a in FIG. 9, in order to act simultaneously on the two series of needles of the row of needles concerned by the row of stitches 14a in 14b to be produced.
  • FIG. 15 concretely illustrates the different stages of production of a textile structure as described above with reference to FIG. 6.
  • This embodiment differs from the previous one only by the passages of the carriage 28 illustrated in a and d on this figure, which corresponds to the embodiment of the rows of connecting threads 12.
  • the needles of the two rows of needles 20a and 20b are placed opposite one another.
  • the thread guide 30 alternately deposits the thread 32 on a needle 20a and on a needle 20b, leaving each time two needles unoccupied in each of the rows of needles .
  • the thread guide 30 deposits the thread 32 alternately on different selected needles 20a and 20b from each of the two rows d needles. These needles are chosen such that they are located opposite the needles on which the wire 32 has been deposited during the passage of the carriage illustrated in a in FIG. 15, corresponding to the deposition of the previous row of connecting wires 12.
  • the textile structure obtained in this case is characterized by the fact that the connecting wires 12 are arranged in a cross when the textile structure is observed according to the chain direction and that these wires of connection are oriented according to two inclinations different from skins 10a and 10b of the structure.
  • Figure 16 shows how a structure comparable to that of figure 6 can be obtained with angles ⁇ of lower value than in the embodiment illustrated in Figure 15.
  • the needles of the two rows of needles 20a and 20b are no longer arranged face to face but offset as in the embodiment described above with reference to FIG. 11. Furthermore, the deposition of two rows of threads of 12 consecutive links, as illustrated in a and d in FIG. 16, is carried out on the same needles in one of the rows of needles (the row of needles 20b in the figure) and on different needles in the other row of needles (the row of needles 20a).
  • the thread guide 30 deposits the thread 32 alternately on a needle 20a and on a needle 20b, leaving each time a free needle in each of the rows needles.
  • the wire guide 30 deposits the wire 32 on the same needles 20b as during the passage of the carriage illustrated at a , and on the needles 20a left free during the passage of the carriage illustrated in a .
  • Figure 17 shows how a geometry not yet described so far can be obtained for the connecting threads 12 of the textile structure. This geometry is essentially distinguished from previous by the fact that the attachment points of the bonding wires on the skins 10a and 10b are separated by distances which vary periodically between two different values.
  • the needles of the two rows of needles 20a and 20b are again arranged opposite one another.
  • the thread guide 30 alternately deposits the thread 32 on a needle 20a and on a needle 20b on each of the two rows of needles, leaving two free needles twice in succession , then once a free needle on each of the two rows. More specifically, the path of the filter 32 is such that it is hooked to a needle of one of the two rows of needles on either side of which there are two free needles in this row and opposite which is from a single free needle on the other row of needles.
  • each of the embodiments of the Figures 13 to 17 admits a variant in which the attachment of the connecting wires 12 on each of the skins 20a and 20b is made by forming meshes, by means of cams comparable to cam 36a on the figure 9.
  • the two skins of the textile structure according to the invention are built in turn, after the creation of a row of connecting wires.
  • the knitting machine can be equipped with a traction system pulling on the textile structure in a direction opposite to the skin being construction, with respect to the vertical plane of symmetry needle beds.
  • the structure textile according to the invention can be made a single wire 32 or different wires, allowing in particular to make the two skins 10a and 10b as well as the connecting wires 12 made of different materials.
  • Knitted threads can be made indifferently by different materials such as glass, "KEVLAR” (registered trademark), carbon, silicon carbide, etc.
  • the textile structure thus obtained has a great flexibility which allows in particular to put it in shape according to a developable surface or not in depending on the intended application.
  • the original design of the structure textile according to the invention allows, as we have seen, to control at will the orientation of the sons of link 12, both in the weft direction and in the chain direction of the structure. This characteristic gives the textile structure a ability to adapt to all types of properties mechanical requirements, which did not exist until present.
  • the textile structure obtained at the exit of the knitting machine can be used as is or associated with a matrix in order to constitute a composite material.
  • the textile structure When the textile structure is used directly in the dry state, i.e. without impregnation, it can in particular be used in the manufacture of clothing or fire barriers.
  • suitable wires allows give the textile structure excellent properties thermal insulation. These properties are due for a part to the wires used which can in particular be made up of extremely divided microfibers and, for on the other hand, in abundance and character swelling of these textile structures. These last two characteristics are also appreciable in the manufacture of splinter-proof textiles used for make protective clothing suitable for this type of aggression.
  • the textile structure conforms to the invention When used as a reinforcing element in a composite material, it can be used either for production of a material usable at temperature moderate (less than 400 ° C) in the case of a matrix organic impregnation, i.e. the manufacture of a refractory composite material from a matrix ceramic or carbon impregnation.
  • the monolithic character of the conforming textile structure to the invention allows to consider the manufacture of sandwich panels plans with overall cohesion greater than that of a bonded assembly.
  • the mechanical strength of a such a panel is provided by the overlapping of the two networks of wires (connecting wires of the core and wires of reinforcement of the skins).
  • the textile structure made for example from a carbon wire, is applied to a form such as cylinder trunk or cone element, for example by back pressure applied using a bladder inflatable.
  • a form such as cylinder trunk or cone element
  • we can also pressurize space located between the two skins or use the vacuum like teach it from documents EP-A-0 449 033 and WO-A-92 21541.
  • the assembly constituted by the textile structure and by the shaping tool is then immersed in a diluted epoxy resin to provide the fibers the quantity of resin necessary for the realization of the composite material. Resin polymerization then allows to obtain the structure presenting the desired shape.
  • the mesh structure skins of the textile structure according to the invention allows a transferable medium such as a gas, a liquid or powder, to be introduced inside of the structure to be immobilized there or to circulate.
  • a textile structure according to the invention produced in glass fiber, is impregnated with polyester resin as previously described, then polymerized.
  • the textile structure is then stiffened, but permeable because only glass fibers have been impregnated with polyester.
  • a filling matrix consisting for example of carbon black is then introduced into the volume left free between the wires link. Full filling of this volume can in particular be facilitated by ultrasonic vibration.
  • the filling matrix can be trapped in situ either by an appropriate formulation, either by clogging skins obtained for example by gluing two skins waterproof on the outside of the sandwich skins.
  • a structure thus obtained has the advantage of presenting excellent resistance to high temperature.
  • the interior volume of the textile structure according to the invention is not compartmentalized, it is possible for a transferable medium to access the interior of the structure parallel to the skins.
  • a textile structure conforming to the invention in glass fibers later impregnated with polyester resin, can be traversed internally by refrigeration fluid allowing to cool a structure in contact with one of the skins, this being made from a thermally conductive wire such as carbon wire.
  • textile structure is made from flexible threads ("KEVLAR” - Registered trademark, polyethylene, etc.). These sons are impregnated with an elastomeric impregnation matrix with low glass transition point (butyl rubbers, isobutyl, polychloroprene, etc.).
  • KEVLAR - Registered trademark, polyethylene, etc.
  • These sons are impregnated with an elastomeric impregnation matrix with low glass transition point (butyl rubbers, isobutyl, polychloroprene, etc.).
  • the use of such materials allows to freeze a priori (by the textile construction) the shape of the structure developed at inflation while reducing its bulk in the deflated state. This allows a gain of sensitive mass (by removing the usual elements structuring such as metal reinforcements) and reduced overall dimensions.
  • the textile structure conforms to the invention When the textile structure conforms to the invention is integrated into a composite material, it can be applied advantageously to manufacturing anti-ballistic armor thanks to the possibility to adapt the thickness and shape of the screen as desired.
  • the association of the textile structure with the screens usual thermals arranged in external layers optimizes the design of these shields, point of view of the mass / efficiency ratio, in order to better exploit the destabilizing effect of the outer layer.
  • the structure textile according to the invention can also be used in the manufacture of refractory composite materials.
  • the wires like the matrix used belong to the family of ceramics or carbonaceous materials.
  • a first example of this particular field of application relates to carbon-carbon composite materials obtained from the textile structure according to the invention, made of carbon fibers, then impregnated with dilute phenolic resin and pyrolyzed under argon.
  • the carbon-carbon composite obtained has an apparent density close to 0.08 g / cm 3 , which can be increased to 0.20 g / cm 3 by chemical vapor deposition.
  • the compressive strength at 20 ° C of such a material is 2 MPa for a density of 0.08 g / cm 3 .
  • silica-silica composite materials from textile structures in accordance with the invention.
  • Such materials have characteristics radioelectric exceptional from the point of view transparency due to the nature of the constituents (silica) and very porous architecture (90 to 95% porosity), while retaining the mechanical characteristics attached to the geometry of the soul of the sandwich. All applications in which the best radio transparency is sought, as is notably the case of radomes refractories for high resolution radars, are all concerned with this type of material.
  • the textile structure according to the invention can also be used in the production of ceramic-ceramic composite materials made from glass or ceramic fibers and of matrix for impregnating these fibers by liquid or gas capable of withstanding high temperature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (24)

  1. Textilstruktur, durch wenigstens einen gestrickten Faden gebildet und zwei Lagen (10a, 10b) umfassend, von denen jede durch Reihen von Maschen (14a, 14b) gebildet wird, die nach einer Schussrichtung (OY) der Struktur ausgerichtet sind,
    und einen Kern umfassend, der durch Reihen von Verbindungsfäden (12) gebildet wird, die die beiden Lagen verbinden und nach der genannten Schussrichtung (OY) ausgerichtet sind, wobei jede Reihe der Verbindungsfäden (12) abwechselnd an jeder der Lagen mit einer anderen Masche (14a, 14b) einer selben Maschenreihe aufgehängt ist, um einen ersten Nicht-Nullwinkel (α) zwischen den aufeinanderfolgenden Verbindungsfäden (12) einer selben Verbindungsfadenreihe zu bilden, wobei der erste Winkel in orthogonaler Projektion in einer ersten Ebene gemessen wird, die nach der Schussrichtung (OY) ausgerichtet ist und mit den Ebenen der Lagen (10a, 10b) einen Winkel von 90° bildet,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei aufeinanderfolgende Reihen von Verbindungsfäden (12) an einer selben Maschenreihe (14a, 14b) von einer der Lagen (10a, 10b) und an zwei nicht aufeinanderfolgenden Maschenreihen (14b, 14a) der anderen Lage (10b, 10a) aufgehängt sind, um zwischen den aufeinanderfolgenden Verbindungsfadenreihen (12) einen zweiten Nicht-Nullwinkel (β) zu bilden, wobei der zweite Winkel (β) in orthogonaler Projektion in einer zweiten Ebene gemessen wird, die nach einer Kettrichtung (OX) der Struktur ausgerichtet ist, die mit den Ebenen der Lagen (10a, 10b) einen Winkel von 90° bildet.
  2. Textilstruktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reihen der Verbindungsfäden (12) an den Maschenreihen (14a, 14b) aufgehängt sind, ohne Maschen zu bilden.
  3. Textilstruktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reihen von Verbindungsfäden (12) an den Maschenreihen (14a, 14b) aufgehängt sind, indem sie Maschen (14a', 14b') bilden.
  4. Textilstruktur nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass alle Reihen von Verbindungsfäden (12) an Maschen der Maschenreihen (14a, 14b) aufgehängt sind, die nach einer Kettrichtung der Textilstruktur ausgerichtet sind.
  5. Textilstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die aufeinanderfolgenden Reihen von Verbindungsfäden (12) an Maschen der Maschenreihen (14a, 14b) aufgehängt sind, die in einer Schussrichtung der Textilstruktur versetzt sind, und dass eine von zwei Verbindungsfadenreihen (12) an Maschen (14a, 14b) aufgehängt sind, die nach einer Kettrichtung dieser Struktur ausgerichtet sind.
  6. Textilstruktur nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Verbindungsfadenreihe (12) abwechselnd an jeder der Lagen (10a, 10b), an allen aufeinanderfolgenden Maschen (14a, 14b) einer selben Maschenreihe aufgehängt ist.
  7. Textilstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Verbindungsfadenreihen (12) abwechselnd an jeder der Lagen (10a, 10b) aufgehängt ist, an nichtaufeinanderfolgenden Maschen einer selben Maschenreihe (14a, 14b), getrennt durch eine konstante Maschenzahl, die wenigstens gleich eins ist.
  8. Textilstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Verbindungsfadenreihen (12) abwechselnd an jeder der Lagen (10a, 10b) aufgehängt ist, an nichtaufeinanderfolgenden Maschen einer selben Maschenreihe (14a, 14b), getrennt durch eine Maschenzahl, die zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen Werten variiert, um ein regelmäßiges Muster zu bilden.
  9. Textilstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Maschenreihen (14a, 14b) der beiden Lagen (10a, 10b) sich gegenüberstehen.
  10. Textilstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Maschenreihen (14a, 14b) der beiden Lagen (10a, 10b) in einer Schussrichtung der Struktur so versetzt sind, dass jede Masche von einer der Lagen sich zwischen zwei Maschen der anderen Lage befindet.
  11. Textilstruktur nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zudem eine Matrix bzw. ein Material zur Imprägnierung und Formgebung des gestrickten Fadens (32) umfasst, wobei der Kern der Struktur zwischen den Verbindungsfäden (12) einen offenen Raum bildet.
  12. Textilstruktur nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zudem eine Füllmatrix bzw. ein Füllmaterial umfasst, angeordnet in dem genannten offenen Raum.
  13. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Textilstruktur, durch wenigstens einen gestrickten Faden (32) gebildet und zwei Lagen (10a, 10b), jede durch Maschenreihen (14a, 14b) gebildet, und einen Kern umfassend, gebildet durch Reihen von Verbindungsfäden (12), die die beiden Lagen verbinden, wobei dieses Verfahren darin besteht, den Zyklus zu wiederholen, der durch die folgenden Schritte gebildet wird:
    Herstellen einer ersten Reihe von Verbindungsfäden (12) durch abwechselndes Aufhängen des gestrickten Fadens (32) an den verschiedenen Nadeln von jeweils einer ersten und einer zweiten Reihe sich gegenüberstehender Nadeln (20a, 20b);
    Herstellen von wenigstens einer Reihe von Maschen (14a) auf der ersten Nadelreihe (20a);
    Herstellen einer zweiten Reihe von Verbindungsfäden (12) durch abwechselndes Aufhängen des gestrickten Fadens (32) an jeweils der ersten und der zweiten Nadelreihe (20a, 20b);
    Herstellen von wenigstens einer Reihe von Maschen (14b) auf der zweiten Nadelreihe (20b).
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die erste und die zweite Reihe von Verbindungsfäden (12) herstellt, indem man den gestrickten Faden (32) an den Nadeln (20a, 20b) aufhängt ohne Maschen zu bilden.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die erste und die zweite Reihe von Verbindungsfäden (12) herstellt, indem man den gestrickten Faden (32) an den Nadeln (20a, 20b) aufhängt, um Maschen (14'a, 14'b) bilden.
  16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die erste und die zweite Reihe von Verbindungsfäden (12) herstellt, indem man den gestrickten Faden (32) an denselben Nadeln (20a, 20b) in der ersten und in der zweiten Nadelreihe aufhängt.
  17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die erste und die zweite Reihe von Verbindungsfäden (12) herstellt, indem man den gestrickten Faden (32) an unterschiedlichen Nadeln (20a, 20b) in wenigstens einer der ersten und zweiten Nadelreihen aufhängt.
  18. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die erste und die zweite Reihe von Verbindungsfäden (12) herstellt, indem man den gestrickten Faden (32) an allen aufeinanderfolgenden Nadeln der ersten und zweiten Nadelreihe (20a, 20b) aufhängt, wobei die beiden Nadelreihen in einer Schussrichtung der herzustellenden Struktur gegeneinander versetzt sind.
  19. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die erste und die zweite Reihe von Verbindungsfäden (12) herstellt, indem man den gestrickten Faden (32) an nicht aufeinanderfolgenden Nadeln der ersten und zweiten Nadelreihe (20a, 20b), getrennt durch eine konstante Anzahl Nadeln, aufhängt.
  20. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die erste und die zweite Reihe von Verbindungsfäden (12) herstellt, indem man den gestrickten Faden (32) an nicht aufeinanderfolgenden Nadeln der ersten und zweiten Nadelreihe (20a, 20b) aufhängt, die durch eine Anzahl von Nadeln getrennt sind, die abwechselnd zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen Werten variiert.
  21. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 19 und 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Reihen von Nadeln (20a, 20b) in einer Schussrichtung der herzustellenden Struktur gegeneinander versetzt sind.
  22. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 19 und 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nadeln (20a, 20b) sich gegenüberstehen.
  23. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man der Textilstruktur anschließend ihre Form gibt, indem man sie gegen eine Formgebungsfläche presst, indem man den gestrickten Faden (32) mit einem Imprägniermaterial imprägniert, indem man zwischen den beiden Lagen (10a, 10b) der Struktur einen Abstand aufrechterhält und dann die Aushärtung des Imprägniermaterials sicherstellt, so dass der Kern der Struktur zwischen den Verbindungsfäden (12) einen offenen Raum ohne Imprägniermaterial bildet.
  24. Verfahren nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man anschließend den offenen Raum mit einer Füllmaterial füllt.
EP97926080A 1996-06-04 1997-06-03 Aus zwei lagen und richtbaren verbindungsfaden bestehende gestricktetextilstruktur und verfahren zu deren herstellung. Expired - Lifetime EP0906462B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9606879 1996-06-04
FR9606879A FR2749327B1 (fr) 1996-06-04 1996-06-04 Structure textile tricotee a double peau et fils de liaison orientable et son procede de fabrication
PCT/FR1997/000964 WO1997046749A1 (fr) 1996-06-04 1997-06-03 Structure textile tricotee a double peau et fils de liaison orientable et son procede de fabrication

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EP0906462A1 EP0906462A1 (de) 1999-04-07
EP0906462B1 true EP0906462B1 (de) 2002-10-02

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US (1) US6105401A (de)
EP (1) EP0906462B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE225424T1 (de)
AU (1) AU3098197A (de)
CA (1) CA2270904C (de)
DE (1) DE69716063T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2749327B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1997046749A1 (de)

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CN108691088B (zh) * 2018-06-12 2019-11-12 江南大学 经编贾卡三色提花织物的织造方法
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US6105401A (en) 2000-08-22
FR2749327A1 (fr) 1997-12-05
FR2749327B1 (fr) 1998-06-26
CA2270904A1 (fr) 1997-12-11
AU3098197A (en) 1998-01-05
DE69716063D1 (de) 2002-11-07
DE69716063T2 (de) 2003-07-10
ATE225424T1 (de) 2002-10-15
WO1997046749A1 (fr) 1997-12-11
CA2270904C (fr) 2006-12-05
EP0906462A1 (de) 1999-04-07

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