EP0687315B1 - Mehrachsiges dreidimensionales gewebe und herstellungsverfahren dazu - Google Patents

Mehrachsiges dreidimensionales gewebe und herstellungsverfahren dazu Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0687315B1
EP0687315B1 EP94908392A EP94908392A EP0687315B1 EP 0687315 B1 EP0687315 B1 EP 0687315B1 EP 94908392 A EP94908392 A EP 94908392A EP 94908392 A EP94908392 A EP 94908392A EP 0687315 B1 EP0687315 B1 EP 0687315B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
threads
fabric
oblique
plies
dimensional
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94908392A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0687315A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Marc Ruzand
Gérard GUENOT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ctmi Cotton Textiles Pour Materiaux Innovants
Original Assignee
Ctmi Cotton Textiles Pour Materiaux Innovants
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ctmi Cotton Textiles Pour Materiaux Innovants filed Critical Ctmi Cotton Textiles Pour Materiaux Innovants
Publication of EP0687315A1 publication Critical patent/EP0687315A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0687315B1 publication Critical patent/EP0687315B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D41/00—Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms
    • D03D41/004—Looms for three-dimensional fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D25/00—Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D03D25/005—Three-dimensional woven fabrics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional multiaxial fabric, for technical uses, of a new and advantageous constitution, as well as to a process for its manufacture.
  • This three-dimensional fabric with multiple reinforcement directions, more particularly with oblique reinforcements, is especially intended, in its industrial applications, to constitute the reinforcement of composite materials with high structural characteristics.
  • the composite materials in question consist of a reinforcement made up of reinforcements and a matrix which coats the reinforcement.
  • the reinforcement is generally based on fibers with high mechanical resistance, such as: glass fibers, carbon, silicon carbide, aramid, etc.
  • the matrix is organic, inorganic or metallic in nature; it is obtained from a binder, such as a resin in the case of an organic matrix, the framework of which is impregnated, a heat treatment producing the polymerization of the resin and obtaining the final, hardened composite material .
  • Another important advantage of these composite materials lies in the possibility of placing the reinforcements in the directions of the forces to which the structure is subjected, which makes it possible to obtain the maximum resistance and incomparable characteristics. in these directions, and thus the best adaptation of the material to the requested use.
  • composite materials for structural use are produced with reinforcements in the form of long or continuous oriented fibers, the reinforcements in the form of short or cut fibers, dispersed in the matrix, being generally reserved for uses not requiring very high mechanical resistance.
  • the "3D” and “2.5D” reinforcements described above generally have good mechanical characteristics along the directions of the reinforcing fibers and good delamination resistance properties, they may have insufficient characteristics for certain cases of stress. by efforts encountered on structures in service.
  • conventional “3D” or “2.5D” type reinforcements as described above may have insufficient strengths and stiffnesses in the directions in which torsional stresses are exerted.
  • European patent No. 0426878 (or the corresponding international patent application No. WO 90/14454) describes a three-dimensional fabric which essentially consists of a reinforcement of the "3D orthogonal" type, further comprising threads arranged obliquely in symmetrical directions.
  • This three-dimensional fabric has threads which extend in the vertical direction, that is to say in the direction of the thickness of the fabric, in thus connecting the two extreme layers of the fabric; damage to these "vertical" threads thus causes delamination of the fabric, which loses its cohesion and its mechanical strength.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new three-dimensional fabric composed of a three-dimensional base frame which is indelaminable of an intermediate nature between a "2D" frame and a "3D" frame, and groups of so-called oblique reinforcing threads arranged in accordance with directions forming various non-right angles, with the longitudinal direction of the fabric, the groups of oblique threads and the basic reinforcement forming an inseparable whole, this three-dimensional fabric making it possible to produce reinforcements having increased resistance to 'efforts of various orientations.
  • Another objective of the invention is to propose an industrial process for the manufacture of this three-dimensional fabric which allows an automated and reproducible production in great lengths.
  • the three-dimensional multiaxial fabric comprises oblique threads arranged in two pairs or groups of pairs of symmetrical plies of oblique threads, at least one pair of plies being disposed on the side of an external face of the fabric , and at least one other pair of plies being disposed on the side of the opposite external face of the fabric, the plies of oblique threads disposed respectively on the two sides of the fabric being covered, each by an outer layer of weft threads.
  • the weaving of warp and weft threads, both present in several layers, is achievable in any weave, always retaining the essential characteristic of the invention that none of the warp threads connects the two extreme layers of the fabric, so that in the event of local damage to the surface, the fabric retains its cohesion and its mechanical resistance.
  • the structure of the three-dimensional fabric according to the invention also proves to be advantageous compared to known multiaxial fabrics comprising plies of oblique threads, but using binding threads which constitute points of weakness.
  • the three-dimensional multiaxial fabric object of the invention advantageously comprises oblique threads arranged in symmetrical layers whose directions form an angle of + 45 ° and symmetrically of -45 °, with the longitudinal direction fabric.
  • Weft threads, warp threads and oblique threads can be based on carbon fibers, glass, silicon carbide, silica, quartz, boron or ceramic, or other fibers of mineral nature , natural or synthetic organic fibers such as aramid fibers, metallic fibers or threads, said warp, weft and oblique threads being made up of fibers of the same kind and of the same fibers or of combinations of fibers of different natures or of fibers different or a combination of these two possibilities.
  • this multiaxial three-dimensional fabric makes it possible to constitute a textile article of shape comprising one or more webs and wings or ribs, the number of warp threads in each layer as well as the number and the length of the weft threads being adapted according to the effective section to be given to the fabric at a given level.
  • the method according to the invention for the manufacture of the three-dimensional multiaxial fabric defined above, in which the warp threads for all the layers of the fabric form several plies arranged in a longitudinal direction and woven with the weft threads, which extend in a transverse direction, perpendicular to the direction of the warp threads, provides that the oblique threads constituting the pair or pairs of upper plies of oblique threads are arranged to reach the warp threads above them and downstream of the heald frames in the crowd formation area, that the oblique threads constituting the pair or pairs of lower plies of oblique threads are arranged to reach the warp threads from below them and downstream of the heald frames in the crowd formation area, that the oblique threads of each of the upper plies of oblique threads are engaged in bars upper runners, the number of which is equal to the number of upper plies of oblique threads, arranged above the warp threads and downstream from the heald frames, these guide bars can take an active
  • the method according to the invention for manufacturing a three-dimensional multiaxial fabric use is made of guide bars for the oblique threads produced in several parts, which comprise the same number of oblique threads engaged.
  • the number of oblique threads of a tablecloth necessary to cover the width of the three-dimensional fabric is provided by the number of parts of a pass bar reduced by one, and the total number of oblique threads engaged in a pass bar for a tablecloth exceeds the number of threads required for the width of the fabric by the amount of threads mounted on a part of a pass bar.
  • the guide bars can be produced in two parts, the total number of oblique threads of a sheet being, in this case, twice the number of threads necessary to cover the width of the three-dimensional fabric.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 A nonlimiting example of the constitution of a three-dimensional multiaxial fabric according to the invention is represented by FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the three-dimensional fabric which is seen in plan in FIG. 1 consists of warp threads 1 which are arranged in a so-called longitudinal direction of the three-dimensional fabric, of weft threads 2 arranged in a so-called transverse direction three-dimensional fabric, this direction being perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and oblique threads 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d.
  • the oblique threads here form four layers. Are visible in Figure 1, the sheet formed by the oblique son 3a parallel and the sheet formed by the oblique son 3b parallel.
  • the two plies of oblique threads 3a, 3b are symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fabric and form an angle of 45 degrees with this direction. These two plies of oblique threads 3a, 3b are arranged on the side of the upper face of the fabric, while the other two plies of oblique threads 3c, 3d are arranged on the side of the underside of the fabric. Assuming that FIG. 1 is a plan view of the fabric from above, the plies of oblique threads 3c, 3d situated on the side of the lower face cannot be seen, but, if a plan view from below was shown fabric, the lower oblique plies of yarn would appear in exactly the same way as shown in FIG. 1 for the upper plies.
  • the weft threads 2 are arranged in several superposed planes in the thickness direction of the fabric, so as to obtain a three-dimensional fabric.
  • the warp threads 1 are intertwined with weft threads 2 located in different planes and thus run in the thickness direction of the three-dimensional fabric.
  • FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of the different warp 1, weft 2, and oblique 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d wires in the thickness of the fabric.
  • the warp threads 1 connect different weft son planes 2 but without completely crossing the thickness of the fabric, that is to say that the weft son layers 2 of the upper and lower end faces of the fabric are not directly connected by the same warp thread.
  • the basic fabric produced by the warp and weft threads thus constitutes an intermediate reinforcement between a "2D" reinforcement and a "3D" reinforcement.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 the constituent threads of the fabric are shown in the form of threads of round and solid section, this to facilitate understanding of the geometry of the structure of the fabric.
  • the threads are almost never massive, but consist of a multitude of filaments.
  • the section of these threads varies according to the places of the fabric and the real product has a density of threads greater than what Figures 1 and 2 show.
  • the oblique threads 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d which are shown seen in section in FIG. 2 constitute two symmetrical plies on the side of the upper face of the three-dimensional fabric (threads 3a, 3b) and two other symmetrical plies on the side of the lower face of said tissue (yarns 3c, 3d).
  • the upper oblique threads 3a and 3b are covered by the weft threads 2 of the upper plane, and are thus located between the aforementioned weft threads and the other weft threads and warp threads of the three-dimensional fabric.
  • the lower oblique threads 3c and 3d are located between the weft threads 2 of the lower plane which are then below the threads 3c, 3d, and the other weft threads and warp threads of the three-dimensional fabric.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show the basic pattern of the weave of the fabric. In reality this pattern will be repeated both in the longitudinal direction (warp direction) and in the transverse direction (width or weft direction), depending on the dimensions of the fabric.
  • warp threads 1 and weft threads 2 are here defined on 12 rows of warp threads and 12 rows of weft threads and constitutes a twill weave of 2 ties 1.
  • This type of weave is given by way of example and the three-dimensional fabric can be produced from other types of weave of different ratios without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • Figures 3 and 4 schematically show the structure of a loom for weaving a three-dimensional fabric according to the invention.
  • the warp threads 1 which form superimposed plies 4 come from wire feeders 8 which consist either of beams or of creels. These devices which are analogous to those commonly used are not detailed here.
  • the oblique wires 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d are supplied by similar devices 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d.
  • the mechanical tension of the warp threads and the oblique threads is adjusted by regulating systems (not shown) produced by any known apparatus.
  • the warp threads 1 coming from the feeding devices 8 then pass between guide bars or rollers 10, then are engaged in the healds of heald frames 5.
  • the number of heald frames 5, the number of healds and the arrangement of the warp threads 1 in the heddles are determined by the weave to be obtained and the dimensions of the fabric to be manufactured as any person skilled in the art knows how to do.
  • one of the frames 5 is shown in the raised position, showing the crowd thus formed.
  • a lance 11 inserts the weft 2 into the crowd.
  • the lance 11 can be replaced by any other known device ensuring the same function.
  • the oblique threads 3a, 3b of the upper layers arrive at the height of the warp threads 1 from above and in front of the heald frames 5 (to the left of these in FIG. 3) in the crowd formation zone .
  • the oblique threads 3a, 3b are engaged, for each of them, in the eye of a passette.
  • the passettes are mounted on upper pass bars 6a, 6b at the rate of one bar per sheet of oblique wires.
  • the passettes can take an active position in which the threads and the threads which are introduced therein are at the height of the plies of warp threads in the formation zone of the crowd, and an inactive position in which the threads and the threads introduced therein find distant above the warp threads and out of the crowd.
  • the bars supporting the passettes are mobile, in particular, being able to pivot around a transverse axis perpendicular to the passettes.
  • the passettes are active; in the raised position they are inactive.
  • the movement of the guide bars can be obtained by any other means, for example by sliding in a vertical plane.
  • the upper guide bars 6a, 6b are shown in the active (lowered) position.
  • the oblique threads 3c, 3d of the lower layers arrive at the height of the warp threads 1 from below and in front of the heald frames 5, in the crowd formation zone.
  • the oblique wires 3c, 3d are engaged, for each of them, in the eye of a passette.
  • the passettes are mounted on lower pass bars 6c, 6d, at the rate of one bar per sheet of oblique wires.
  • the passettes can take an active position in which the threads and the threads which are introduced therein are at the height of the plies 4 of warp threads in the area of formation of the crowd, and an inactive position in which the threads and the threads introduced are located far below the warp threads and outside the crowd.
  • the lower pass bars 6c, 6d are movable like the upper pass bars 6a, 6b.
  • the passettes are active and in the lowered position, they are inactive.
  • the lower guide bars 6c, 6d are shown inactive (lowered position).
  • Each of the upper or lower guide bars 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d can move in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the fabric and parallel to its transverse direction.
  • the movements are made step by step from left to right or from right to left when we look at the loom from the front ( Figure 4), the direction of movement depends on each guide bar.
  • the pass bars are made in two or more parts which are generally integral, but which can be separated and moved for certain weaving operations, as described in detail below.
  • a comb 7 is arranged between the frames 5 and the guide bars 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d.
  • the comb 7 can be animated by a forward movement of the fabric (either from right to left in FIG. 3) to effect the tightening of the fabric.
  • the finished three-dimensional fabric is extracted from the front of the loom (that is to the left in FIG. 3) using known devices used in traditional looms.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 the loom is shown with the warp threads 1 in substantially horizontal planes and consequently with vertical heald frames 5. While retaining the same functions, the loom can also be designed with the warp threads in vertical planes and the horizontal heald frames, without departing from the scope of the invention. In this design the oblique threads will arrive horizontally in the weaving area.
  • a first step the crowd is formed for the weaving of the upper outer layer.
  • the first heald frame 5 is lifted and with it are lifted all the warp threads 1 which correspond to the leftmost warp thread in FIG. 1 representing the fabric seen in plan (the weave pattern shown is repeated a number of times across the width of the fabric in depending on the expected size of the fabric).
  • the upper guide bars 6a, 6b which are then in the inactive position (raised) are moved one step in the transverse direction of the fabric. In the example considered, this step is equivalent to the size of four warp threads.
  • the guide bar 6a is moved one step from left to right (with reference to Figures 1 and 4).
  • the bar 6b is moved one step from right to left, in order to obtain the plies of oblique son 3a and 3b symmetrical.
  • the two guide bars 6a, 6b are then lowered to come into the active position and bring the oblique threads 3a, 3b substantially at the level of the warped threads 1 not lifted. This configuration is illustrated in Figure 5.
  • a weft thread 2 is passed through the crowd by the movement of the lance 11. This thread corresponds to the thread 2 at the bottom of Figure 1.
  • the passage of the weft thread 2 is done so as to cover the oblique wires 3a, 3b.
  • the oblique threads 3a, 3b are thus located between the weft thread 2 and the warp threads 1 not lifted, as can be seen in FIG. 1.
  • a third step, illustrated in FIG. 7 the guide bars 6a, 6b are raised to come into the inactive position, so as to bring the oblique wires 3a, 3b out of the crowd.
  • a fourth step illustrated by FIG. 8, the comb 7 is struck, which ensures the positioning and tightening in the fabric of the weft 2 and oblique threads 3a, 3b.
  • the guide bars 6a, 6b having been raised during the previous step, the movement of the comb 7 can be carried out without hindrance.
  • the internal layers are woven which constitute the part of three-dimensional fabric of intermediate structure between a "2D” and a "3D” type.
  • this step only warp 1 and weft 2 threads are used.
  • the first heald frame 5 remains raised and the second, fifth and ninth frames are lifted, these frames respectively corresponding to the second, fifth and ninth warp threads 1 seen from the left in FIG. 1
  • the second weft thread 2 of the operation described here is then inserted by actuating the lance 11.
  • This thread corresponds to the second weft thread 2 seen from the bottom in FIG. 1; it passes under the first, second, fifth and ninth warp threads 1, under the upper oblique threads 3a, 3b and on the other warp threads 1 and lower oblique threads 3c, 3d.
  • the comb 7 is actuated at this time to tighten the weft thread 2 which has just been inserted.
  • the necessary movement of the heald frames 5 is carried out for the weaving of the third layer.
  • the crowd is formed for weaving the lower outer layer.
  • all the heald frames 5 are lifted except for the fourth, which corresponds to the fourth warp thread 1 counted from the left in FIG. 1 which remains the only thread chain not lifted.
  • the lower guide bars 6c, 6d which are then in the inactive position (lowered) are moved one step in the transverse direction of the fabric. This step has the same value as that used to move the upper guide bars 6a, 6b.
  • the guide bar 6c is moved one step from left to right.
  • the guide bar 6d is moved one step from right to left, this in order to obtain the plies of oblique son 3c, 3d symmetrical.
  • the two guide bars 6c, 6d are then raised to come into the active position and bring the oblique wires 3a, 3b inside the crowd substantially at the level of the wires chain lifted to form the crowd. This situation is illustrated in FIG. 10. To simplify the diagrams, the guide bars 6c and 6d are not shown in FIGS. 5 to 9 where they are not in operation.
  • a weft thread 2 is inserted by actuating the lance 11 so that the oblique threads 3c, 3d are located between the aforementioned weft thread and the group of threads of chain 1 lifted.
  • the weft thread 2 in question thus passes below the oblique threads 3c, 3d.
  • this weft thread corresponds to the fourth thread 2 from the bottom of the drawing.
  • the guide bars 6c, 6d are lowered to come to the inactive position, so as to bring the oblique wires 3c, 3d out of the crowd.
  • a ninth step illustrated by FIG. 13, the comb 7 is struck in a manner analogous to the operation of the fourth step.
  • the orders for lifting the heald frames and other operations described above correspond to the definition of the fabric shown in FIG. 1 and are given by way of non-limiting example.
  • the movement sequences of the heddle frames and frame passage may be different to correspond to any type of armor used in accordance with the invention. These sequences can be determined by methods known to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • each guide bar 6a, 6b, 6c or 6d is driven in a transverse shift movement step by step, either from left to right, either from right to left, but always in the same direction for a given pass bar. If we use guide bars before a number of oblique threads for a tablecloth just equal to the number of oblique threads of this tablecloth that we meet across the width of the three-dimensional fabric, after each shift of the bars a growing part of the surface of the fabric will no longer be covered by oblique threads. Ultimately, if the guide bars are offset by a number of steps equal to the number of oblique threads of a web crossed over a width of the fabric, there will no longer be oblique threads in the three-dimensional fabric.
  • the guide bars are produced in several parts and have a number of oblique threads engaged greater than the number of oblique threads of a sheet which are found on a three-dimensional fabric width.
  • each pass bar in two equal parts. So that the oblique threads always cover the three-dimensional fabric, it is necessary that, when a half (or a part) of the pass bar is entirely offset outside the fabric, to the left or to the right depending on the pass bar considered, the other half of the pass bar still completely covers the fabric.
  • the number of oblique threads engaged in the entire pass bar must therefore be double the number of oblique threads necessary to cover the width of the three-dimensional fabric, which is also the number of oblique threads of a tablecloth encountered on the width of the fabric.
  • Each guide bar can also be made in three equal parts, this remaining within the scope of the invention.
  • the other two thirds (or the other two parts) of the pass bar should completely cover the fabric.
  • the number of oblique threads engaged in the entire guide bar must then be equal to one and a half times the number of oblique threads of a tablecloth necessary to cover the width of the fabric, or even in other words, equal to 3 / 2 of the latter number.
  • the guide bars can also be produced in four equal parts; the number of oblique threads engaged in an entire guide bar will then be 4/3 of the number of oblique threads of a tablecloth necessary to cover the width of the fabric.
  • the guide bars may, for each of them, be produced in n equal parts, each part comprising the same number of oblique wires (an embodiment in unequal parts not presenting 'practical interest).
  • the number n will be at least equal to 2 and at most equal to N + 1, N being the number of oblique threads of a tablecloth encountered on a width of fabric.
  • the number of oblique threads of a tablecloth necessary to cover the width of the three-dimensional fabric will be equal to the number of oblique threads engaged on n-1 parts of the guide bar.
  • the number of oblique threads engaged in an entire guide bar is equal to the number of oblique threads of a sheet necessary to cover the width of the three-dimensional fabric multiplied by the ratio n / (n-1).
  • the two parts 6a1 and 6a2 of a guide bar are normally integral with one another during the weaving operations.
  • the guide bar is at a time in the situation shown in Figure 14.
  • the part 6a2 is located completely outside the fabric.
  • This part is then separated from the other part 6a1 of the pass bar, the oblique threads engaged in this part 6a2 are cut at their exit from the three-dimensional fabric and remain in place in the passers of the bar part 6a2 as illustrated. in Figure 15.
  • Part 6a2 is then moved to the left (see Figure 16).
  • the oblique threads 3a of a pass-bar are supplied on two different planes as can be seen in FIG. 3, each plane comprising the oblique threads a part of a guide bar 6a1 or 6a2.
  • the part 6a2 of the guide bar is finally secured again with the part 6a1 as shown in FIG. 17, but the part 6a2 is now at the left of the part 6a1 and no longer on its right as at the beginning of the operation.
  • FIG. 18 Another example of the type of multiaxial three-dimensional fabric and of the process for its manufacture in accordance with the invention, is illustrated in FIG. 18.
  • the loom shown in FIG. 18 is arranged to manufacture a three-dimensional fabric comprising two symmetrical layers of oblique threads of the side of one side. Leaving aside the pair of plies of oblique threads on one face, this kind of three-dimensional fabric has a structure similar to that of the three-dimensional fabric of the first example defined by FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 20 represents a three-dimensional fabric in accordance with the invention produced in the shape of a "C".
  • This shaped fabric has two wings and a core.
  • the wings consist of plies of oblique threads on their external faces and a weaving of warp 1 and weft 2 threads according to the invention in the thickness of the wings, the number of warp and weft threads being adjusted. depending on the desired thickness of the wings.
  • the core which connects the two wings is produced by weaving warp 1 and weft 2 yarns according to the invention.
  • This genre shaped fabric can be made simply on a loom such as that described above, shown in Figures 3 and 4. It suffices to reduce the number of warp threads 1 in the area between the two wings and not to keep in this area only the warp threads needed to make the core.
  • a three-dimensional fabric having substantially the same external shape, here designated as a "U”, can also be produced, while remaining within the scope of the invention, according to FIG. 21.
  • the core consists of plies of oblique threads 3a, 3b on its outer face (which in FIG. 21 is shown on the upper face as it would come out of the loom) and of a weaving of warp 1 and weft 2 threads according to the invention in the thickness of blade.
  • the wings are produced by weaving warp 1 and weft 2 yarns according to the invention.
  • This type of shaped fabric can be produced on a loom such as that shown in FIG. 18. The number of warp threads 1 will be reduced by eliminating the warp threads in the recessed area between the two wings and below the soul.
  • the loom is equipped with two lances, or equivalent weft passage devices, symmetrical, in order to insert weft son 2 independent in the wings.
  • the movement of one of the two lances is adjustable so that it ensures the passage of the weft threads over the entire width of the core in the weaving area thereof.
  • the three-dimensional fabric according to the invention makes it possible to constitute a textile article of shape comprising one or more webs and wings or ribs, the number of warp threads in each sheet as well as the number and the length of the weft threads being adapted as a function of the effective section of fabric at a given level.
  • the three-dimensional fabric which is the subject of the present invention is more particularly intended to constitute the reinforcements of composite parts for structural use.
  • the fabric constituting the reinforcement is impregnated and densified by substances forming the matrix (organic resins, carbon, ceramics, metals) according to known methods not detailed here.
  • This three-dimensional fabric can be made from fibers or yarns of any kind, but will advantageously be made from high performance fibers such as: carbon, aramid, glass, silicon carbide, ceramic known under the name Nextel (registered trademark) , etc., the fibers used being of the same nature or of different natures, the yarns and fibers being able to have identical or different titles, dimensions, textures.
  • high performance fibers such as: carbon, aramid, glass, silicon carbide, ceramic known under the name Nextel (registered trademark) , etc.
  • the three-dimensional fabric that is the subject of the invention by virtue of its greater number of reinforcement directions, makes it possible to produce parts of various shapes and dimensions, having increased resistance to efforts of multiple orientations.
  • such a fabric can be obtained in significant lengths under good conditions of productivity and reproducibility.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Dreidimensionales Gewebe, umfassend:
    - Kettfäden (1), die sich in einer sogenannten Längsrichtung des Gewebes erstrecken,
    - Schussfäden (2), die sich in einer sogenannten Querrichtung des Gewebes erstrecken, und zwar senkrecht zur Richtung der Kettfäden (1),
    wobei die Kettfäden (1) mindestens zwei Schichten von Kettfäden umfassen und ein Netz von Fäden bilden, die auf verschiedenen Schichtebenen verlaufen, während die Schussfäden (2), die ebenfalls mindestens zwei Schichten umfassen, auf mehreren, in Richtung der Dicke des Gewebes übereinanderliegenden Ebenen angeordnet sind, und zwar derart, dass ein mehrschichtiges Gewebe mit drei Dimensionen erhalten wird, bei dem die Kettfäden (1) mit den Schussfäden (2) der verschiedenen Ebenen verflochten und verwoben sind, ohne dass einer dieser Kettfäden (1) zwei äußere Schichten des Gewebes verbindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es keine Fäden gibt, die sich in Richtung der Dicke des Gewebes erstrecken, wobei sie die äußeren Schichten dieses Gewebes verbinden, und dadurch, dass, um auf diese Weise ein mehrachsiges dreidimensionales Gewebe mit schrägen Verstärkungen zu bilden, dieses Gewebe auch noch sogenannte schräge Fäden (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) umfasst, die in Lagen von parallel zueinander verlaufenden Fäden angeordnet sind, welche eine oder mehrere Lagenpaare schräger Fäden bilden, wobei die Richtungen jeder Lage schräger Fäden eines Paares vorzugsweise symmetrisch zueinander sind bezogen auf die Längsrichtung des Gewebes und einen nicht rechtwinkligen Winkel zur vorgenannten Längsrichtung bilden, wobei die Lagen schräger Fäden (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) so angeordnet sind, dass sie von mindestens einer Schicht nicht schräger Fäden bedeckt sind, das heißt, von Kettfäden (1) und/oder von Schussfäden (2).
  2. Mehrachsiges dreidimensionales Gewebe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es schräge Fäden umfasst, die in zwei Paaren oder Paargruppen von symmetrischen Lagen schräger Fäden angeordnet sind, wobei mindestens ein Paar von Lagen schräger Fäden (3a, 3b) auf der Seite einer Außenfläche des Gewebes angeordnet ist, und mindestens ein anderes Paar von Lagen schräger Fäden (3c, 3d) auf der Seite der gegenüberliegenden Außenfläche des Gewebes angeordnet ist, wobei jede der Lagen schräger Fäden (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d), die jeweils auf den beiden Seiten des Gewebes angeordnet sind, durch eine äußere Schicht von Schussfäden (2) bedeckt ist.
  3. Mehrachsiges dreidimensionales Gewebe nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es schräge Fäden (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) umfasst, die in symmetrischen Lagen angeordnet sind, deren Richtungen einen Winkel von +45° und symmetrisch von -45° zur Längsrichtung des Gewebes bilden.
  4. Mehrachsiges dreidimensionales Gewebe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kettfäden (1), die Schussfäden (2) und die schrägen Fäden (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) aus Kohlenstoff-, Glas-, Siliziumkarbid-, Kieselsäureanhydrid-, Quarz-, Bor- oder Keramik-Fasern oder anderen Fasern mineralischer Art, aus natürlichen oder synthetischen organischen Fasern wie etwa Aramidfasern, aus Metall-Fasern oder -Drähten als Grundmaterial bestehen, wobei diese Kettfäden, Schussfäden und schrägen Fäden aus Fasern gleicher Art und gleicher Feinheit oder einem Verbund von Fasern verschiedener Art und unterschiedlicher Feinheit oder aus einer Kombination dieser beiden Möglichkeiten bestehen.
  5. Mehrachsiges dreidimensionales Gewebe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine textile Ware darstellt, die einen oder mehrere Kerne und Flügel oder Rippen umfasst, wobei die Anzahl der Kettfäden (1) in jeder Schicht sowie die Anzahl und die Länge der Schussfäden (2) je nach dem Wirkungsquerschnitt des Gewebes an einen gegebenen Wert angepasst werden.
  6. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrachsigen dreidimensionalen Gewebes nach Anspruch 2, bei dem die Kettfäden (1) für die Gesamtheit der Gewebeschichten mehrere Lagen (4) bilden, die in Längsrichtung angeordnet und mit den Schussfäden (2) verwoben sind, die sich in Querrichtung erstrecken, und zwar senkrecht zur Richtung der Kettfäden (1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die schrägen Fäden (3a, 3b), die das Paar oder die Paare der oberen Lagen schräger Fäden bilden, so angeordnet sind, dass sie auf Höhe der Kettfäden (1) an deren Oberseite und unterhalb von den Webrahmen (5) in dem Bereich, wo das Fach gebildet wird, ankommen, und dadurch, dass die schrägen Fäden (3c, 3d), die das Paar oder die Paare der unteren Lagen schräger Fäden bilden, so angeordnet sind, dass sie auf Höhe der Kettfäden (1) an deren Unterseite und unterhalb von den Webrahmen (5) in dem Bereich, wo das Fach gebildet wird, ankommen, und dadurch, dass die schrägen Fäden (3a, 3b) jeder der oberen Lagen schräger Fäden von oberen Legeschienen (6a, 6b) gehalten sind, deren Anzahl der Zahl der oberen Lagen schräger Fäden entspricht, die oberhalb der Kettfäden (1) und unterhalb der Webrahmen (5) angeordnet sind, wobei diese Legeschienen (6a, 6b) eine aktive Stellung, nämlich abgesenkt, oder eine inaktive Stellung, nämlich angehoben, einnehmen können, und dadurch, dass die schrägen Fäden (3c, 3d) jeder der unteren Lagen schräger Fäden gehalten sind von Legeschienen (6c, 6d), deren Anzahl der Zahl der unteren Lagen schräger Fäden entspricht, die unterhalb der Kettfäden (1) und unterhalb der Webrahmen (5) angeordnet sind, wobei diese Legeschienen (6c, 6d) eine aktive Stellung, nämlich angehoben, oder eine inaktive Stellung, nämlich abgesenkt, einnehmen können, wobei jede der vorgenannten Legeschienen (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) in einer Richtung verschiebbar ist, die senkrecht zur Längsrichtung des Gewebes und parallel zur Querrichtung des Gewebes verläuft.
  7. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrachsigen dreidimensionalen Gewebes nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - in einem ersten Schritt, wobei das Fach für das Weben der oberen äußeren Schicht gebildet wird, die oberen Legeschienen (6a, 6b) um einen Schritt in die Querrichtung des Gewebes verschoben werden, und zwar die oberen Legeschienen (6a) der oberen Lagen schräger Fäden (3a) mit der einen Ausrichtung in eine Richtung und die Legeschienen (6b) der oberen Lagen schräger Fäden (3b) mit der anderen Ausrichtung in die entgegengesetzte Richtung, dann in die aktive Stellung abgesenkt werden in der Weise, dass die unteren Lagen schräger Fäden sich im wesentlichen in Höhe der Kettfäden (1) befinden,
    - in einem zweiten Schritt ein Schussfaden (2) in der Weise eingeführt wird, dass die schrägen Fäden (3a, 3b) der oberen Lagen sich zwischen diesem Schussfaden (2) und den nicht angehobenen Kettfäden (1) befinden,
    - in einem dritten Schritt die oberen Legeschienen (6a, 6b) in die inaktive Stellung angehoben werden, um so die schrägen Fäden (3a, 3b) aus dem Fach herauszuführen,
    - in einem vierten Schritt der Schlag des Kammes (7) erfolgt,
    - in einem fünften Schritt die Schussfäden (2) der inneren Schichten des dreidimensionalen Gewebes nacheinander eingewoben werden,
    - in einem sechsten Schritt, wenn der Webvorgang die untere äußere Schicht erreicht und das Fach für diesen Vorgang gebildet ist, vor dem Durchlaufen der Schusslänge, die unteren Legeschienen (6c, 6d) um einen Schritt in die Querrichtung des Gewebes verschoben werden, und zwar die Legeschienen (6c) der unteren Lagen schräger Fäden (3c) mit der einen Ausrichtung in eine Richtung und die Legeschienen (6d) der unteren Lagen schräger Fäden (3d) mit der anderen Ausrichtung in die entgegengesetzte Richtung, dann in die aktive Stellung angehoben werden, so dass die unteren Lagen schräger Fäden (3c, 3d) sich im wesentlichen in Höhe der Kettfäden (1) befinden, die zur Bildung des Fachs angehoben sind,
    - in einem siebten Schritt ein Schussfaden (2) in der Weise eingeführt wird, dass die schrägen Fäden (3c, 3d) der symmetrischen unteren Lagen sich zwischen diesem Schussfaden (2) und der Gruppe der angehobenen Kettfäden (1) befinden,
    - in einem achten Schritt die unteren Legeschienen (6c, 6d) in die inaktive Stellung abgesenkt werden, um so die schrägen Fäden (3c, 3d) aus dem Fach herauszuführen,
    - in einem neunten Schritt der Schlag des Kammes (7) erfolgt,
    wobei die Beendigung des neunten Schritts zur Konfiguration des ersten Schritts zurückführt und die vorgenannten Vorgänge vom ersten bis zum neunten Schritt identisch sind und so oft wiederholt werden, wie es zur Herstellung der gewünschten Länge des dreidimensionalen Gewebes notwendig ist.
  8. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrachsigen dreidimensionalen Gewebes nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Legeschienen (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) für die schrägen Fäden (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) verwendet werden, die aus mehreren Teilen (6a1, 6a2) bestehen, welche eine gleiche Anzahl von eingebundenen schrägen Fäden umfassen, wobei die Anzahl schräger Fäden einer Lage, die notwendig sind, um die Breite des dreidimensionalen Gewebes zu bedecken, durch die Anzahl der Teile einer Legeschiene, verringert um eine Einheit gewährleistet ist, und wobei die Gesamtzahl schräger Fäden, die in eine Legeschiene für eine Lage eingebunden sind, die Zahl der für die Breite des Gewebes notwendigen Fäden um die Zahl der Fäden übersteigt, die auf einem Teil der Legeschiene montiert sind, und zwar in der Weise, dass, wenn eine Legeschiene nach einer Querverschiebung an einer Seite der seitlichen Kante des Gewebes herausragt mit einem Abstand, der der Abmessung eines Teils der Legeschiene entspricht, dieser Teil an die entgegengesetzte Seite der Legeschiene verschoben wird, wobei die schrägen Fäden, die an diesem Teil eingebunden sind, an ihrem Austritt aus dem Gewebe abgeschnitten werden und die Enden der Fäden, die in den Legeschienen eingebunden sind, an ihrem Platz bleiben.
  9. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrachsigen dreidimensionalen Gewebes nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legeschienen (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) aus zwei Teilen (6a1, 6a2) bestehen, und dadurch, dass die Gesamtzahl schräger Fäden (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) einer Lage doppelt so groß ist wie die Zahl, die notwendig ist, um die Breite des dreidimensionalen Gewebes zu bedecken.
EP94908392A 1993-03-03 1994-03-01 Mehrachsiges dreidimensionales gewebe und herstellungsverfahren dazu Expired - Lifetime EP0687315B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9302668 1993-03-03
FR9302668A FR2702222B1 (fr) 1993-03-03 1993-03-03 Tissu tridimensionnel multiaxial et son procédé de fabrication.
PCT/FR1994/000230 WO1994020658A1 (fr) 1993-03-03 1994-03-01 Tissu tridimensionnel multiaxial et son procede de fabrication

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0687315A1 EP0687315A1 (de) 1995-12-20
EP0687315B1 true EP0687315B1 (de) 2003-09-10

Family

ID=9444761

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94908392A Expired - Lifetime EP0687315B1 (de) 1993-03-03 1994-03-01 Mehrachsiges dreidimensionales gewebe und herstellungsverfahren dazu

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0687315B1 (de)
AU (1) AU6144794A (de)
DE (1) DE69433132D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2702222B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1994020658A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMI20011665A1 (it) * 2001-07-31 2003-01-31 Mamiliano Dini Tessuto tetrassiale e macchina per la sua produzione
US11471736B2 (en) 2016-03-04 2022-10-18 Bauer Hockey, Llc 3D braiding materials and 3D braiding methods for sporting implements
US10857436B2 (en) 2016-03-04 2020-12-08 Bauer Hockey, Inc. 3D weaving material and method of 3D weaving for sporting implements
CN106939462B (zh) * 2017-01-19 2018-09-28 天津工业大学 一种多层多向织物的织造方法
JP7052668B2 (ja) * 2018-10-09 2022-04-12 日本電信電話株式会社 光コネクタ清掃具及び光コネクタ清掃方法
CN111938225B (zh) * 2020-08-10 2023-07-14 浙江壹禾服饰有限公司 具有警示作用的可拆卸户外衣

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2497839A1 (fr) * 1981-01-12 1982-07-16 Brochier Fils J Tissu tridimensionnel pour le renforcement de materiaux stratifies et elements en forme obtenus a partir d'un tel tissu
JPS6392751A (ja) * 1986-10-01 1988-04-23 小河原　通弘 四軸織物及び四軸織機
FR2610951B1 (fr) * 1987-02-17 1989-05-05 Aerospatiale Armature tissee pour materiau composite
JP2924091B2 (ja) * 1989-05-26 1999-07-26 株式会社豊田自動織機製作所 三次元織物及びその製造方法
FR2653141B1 (fr) * 1989-10-16 1992-04-17 Chaignaud Ind Materiau composite et son procede de realisation.
JPH0819594B2 (ja) * 1991-10-17 1996-02-28 株式会社豊田自動織機製作所 複合材料用三次元織物

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2702222B1 (fr) 1995-05-05
EP0687315A1 (de) 1995-12-20
AU6144794A (en) 1994-09-26
FR2702222A1 (fr) 1994-09-09
WO1994020658A1 (fr) 1994-09-15
DE69433132D1 (de) 2003-10-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0303534B1 (de) Textile Struktur zur Herstellung mehrlagiger Artikel mit hohen mechanischen Eigenschaften
EP0056351B1 (de) Dreidimensionales Gewebe zum Verstärken geschichteter Materialien und mit diesem Gewebe hergestellte Formelemente
CA2630763C (fr) Procede de fabrication d'une bielle en materiau composite
CA1331946C (fr) Structure textile permettant la realisation d'articles stratifies composites par moulage par injection
EP2032751B1 (de) Faserverstärkungsstruktur eines mehrsatingewebes für ein verbundteil
EP1526285B1 (de) Turbomaschinenschaufel, insbesondere Verdichterschaufel und ihr Herstellungsverfahren
FR2939153A1 (fr) Realisation d'une structure fibreuse a epaisseur evolutive par tissage 3d
EP0056352A1 (de) Mehrschichtige Textilbahn zur Verstärkung von Schichtstoffen und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
EP0031785A1 (de) Zusammengesetztes Textilmaterial zur Herstellung mehrlagiger Artikel und aus diesem Material hergestellte mehrlagige Artikel
EP1951506A1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung eines gabelkopfs an einem aus verbundwerkstoff hergestellten strukturelement, insbesondere einer verbindungsstange
FR2907475A1 (fr) Tissu composite 3d
FR2683554A1 (fr) Tissu tri-dimensionnel pour composite.
FR2645882A1 (fr) Structure textile deformable
FR2849870A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de fabrication de preforme seche pour materiau composite
EP0687315B1 (de) Mehrachsiges dreidimensionales gewebe und herstellungsverfahren dazu
EP3256626B1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung einer vorform aus gewebten armierungsfasern mit veränderlichem querschnitt
EP0965440B1 (de) Faserförmige Bewehrung für ein Teil aus Verbundwerkstoff sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu dessen Herstellung
FR2522027A1 (fr) Support textile applicable notamment a la fabrication de materiaux composites ou stratifies, et les materiaux ou produits incorporant ce support
EP2167310A2 (de) Textilprodukt für eine sandwich-struktur und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
EP1314542A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von mehrrichtigem vorgeformtem Textilmaterial, Vorrichtung zur deren Durchführung, und damit erhalenes Textilmaterial
FR2584341A1 (fr) Procede de fabrication d'une peau bobinee en materiau composite renforce de fibres, en particulier pour structures sandwiches
FR2616813A1 (fr) Complexe textile pour materiaux composites et son procede de fabrication

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19950907

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): CH DE ES GB IT LI NL SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19960403

APAB Appeal dossier modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS NOAPE

APAB Appeal dossier modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS NOAPE

APAD Appeal reference recorded

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS REFNE

APAD Appeal reference recorded

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS REFNE

APCB Communication from the board of appeal sent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OBAPE

APCB Communication from the board of appeal sent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS OBAPE

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): CH DE ES GB IT LI NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20030910

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20030910

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20030910

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69433132

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20031016

Kind code of ref document: P

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20031210

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20031211

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20031221

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
GBV Gb: ep patent (uk) treated as always having been void in accordance with gb section 77(7)/1977 [no translation filed]

Effective date: 20030910

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040331

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040331

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20040614

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

APAH Appeal reference modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNO