EP0905322A1 - Dispositif amovible de signalisation au sol pour voies de circulation de véhicules - Google Patents
Dispositif amovible de signalisation au sol pour voies de circulation de véhicules Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0905322A1 EP0905322A1 EP98402308A EP98402308A EP0905322A1 EP 0905322 A1 EP0905322 A1 EP 0905322A1 EP 98402308 A EP98402308 A EP 98402308A EP 98402308 A EP98402308 A EP 98402308A EP 0905322 A1 EP0905322 A1 EP 0905322A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tags
- flexible
- profile
- ground
- beacons
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
- E01F9/576—Traffic lines
- E01F9/594—Traffic lines movable for reuse at different locations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
- E01F9/70—Storing, transporting, placing or retrieving portable devices
Definitions
- markup is only useful for a relatively short time, for example example a few hours to report an accident or a temporary danger
- the most common tags are frustoconical and hollow, have a broad base and have alternating red and white bands, the white bands being retroreflective. This shape allows nesting the tags into each other to reduce their volume during storage.
- the installation is made from a slow-moving vehicle on which, at the rear or on the side, a man places the tags one by one, from place to place.
- the withdrawal is done similarly, the man picking up the beacons one by one and placing them in the vehicle.
- the present invention provides a new solution to the problem of markup by proposing a very easy system to set up and remove.
- the invention relates to a ground signaling device for tracks vehicle circulation consisting of an assembly comprising on the one hand at least one element of great length secured to tags and secondly storage means, this assembly can be placed either in the active position flat on the ground, or in the position storage in reduced volume by winding on a reel, characterized in that the element of great length is formed by at least one flexible and elastic profile on all sides, and rigid longitudinally.
- Figure 1 is a partial schematic perspective view showing a device in accordance with the invention in active beaconing position on a motorway.
- Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view showing in more detail a part of the device of figure 1.
- FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view illustrating a particular embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 4 is a schematic view with partial section illustrating an embodiment particular of the invention.
- Figure 5 is a schematic side view of the device of Figures 1 to 4 partially wound on a reel, in storage position.
- Figure 6 is a schematic view illustrating the possibility of combining the drum storage of Figure 5 with a light vehicle.
- FIGS 7 and 8 are schematic views of a device according to the invention, according to an embodiment providing that the flexible profile can have two situations different, the tags are automatically placed in the active position or in the storage according to the situations of the flexible element.
- Figure 9 is a partial schematic view of an embodiment of the invention according to which the device comprises a single tubular flexible profile.
- FIG. 10 is a partial schematic view of a variant of the embodiment of the Figure 9 according to which the tubular profile has a stabilizing base.
- Figure 11 is a partial schematic view of a device according to the invention according to an embodiment providing that the tags are removable relative to the profile flexible.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a variant of this embodiment according to which the tags have a specific base while the two flexible profiles are standard.
- Pavement A is bounded by safety barriers of any known type B and C. For for some reason, the other roadway is neutralized, so vehicles have to take roadway A in the opposite direction to normal traffic.
- the invention is embodied in a device composed of two flexible sections 1 and 2, very long (a few tens of meters), to which are subject beacons 3 having a reflectorized zone 4 formed of a reflector, of paint reflecting, retroreflective film or the like.
- the installation, in the active position, of this device is done by unwinding a reel on which it is stored to place it on the floor F.
- sections 1 and 2 allow the free end of the device to be laid on the roadway without it being necessary to anchor it because it is possible to push the device.
- profiles 1 and 2 not only allows them to be rolled up on a reel, but also to tilt them on the sides, for example to place the device along a line with one or more curves, which can be the case to mark an obstacle or an anomaly by gradually tilting the device and bending it around the obstacle or anomaly.
- the tags 3 are therefore not handled one by one but together, by unwinding or winding of flexible profiles 1 and 2.
- Each tag 3 is shown here as being formed from a relatively large panel in order to be clearly visible when the device is in the active position. Conversely, the device takes up little space when in storage position, so the tags 3 should be erased as much as possible. For this, it is necessary that they are mobile for ability to move from active position to storage position where they are lying close to flexible profiles 1 and 2 and no longer erect obliquely or vertically.
- each tag 3 is mounted on a horizontal axis 5 engaged in sockets 6 and 7 integral with sleeves 8 and 9 in which are engaged flexible profiles 1 and 2.
- Each beacon 3 must have a stable active position, i.e. it must be maintained in the upright position of Figures 1 to 3.
- a first solution consists in using one or two return springs (not shown) inserted between the sockets 6-7 and the tag 3, the latter being made integral with the axis 5 if it rotates in the sockets 6 and 7. If the axis 5 is fixed to the sockets 6 and 7, the tag 3 must be able to pivot around this axis 5 by its tubular lower part 10, to which case or the return springs are interposed between the axis 5 and the tag 3.
- each tag 3 is secured to an appendage 11 forming a lever, the height of which is such that it is flat on the ground when the flexible sections 1 and 2 are themselves on the ground.
- the tags 3 are mounted to pivot freely, that is to say that they are integral with the axes 5 journalling in the sockets 6 and 7, or that they journal on the axes 5 by their tubular lower part 10.
- the beacons 3 tilt because the lever 11 is no longer in abutment against the ground F and no longer retains them, which allows them to tilt under the effect of their own weight.
- FIG 4 there is shown an embodiment according to which the axis 5 is made in one elastic material such as rubber or synthetic material. He is united sockets 6 and 7, either by gluing or welding, or by means of an attached member such one or more screws.
- the axis 5 is also made integral with the tag 3, by one of the above means, such so that a movement imposed on the tag 3 relative to the sockets 6-7 so that it going from its active position to its storage position causes the axis 5 to twist on itself.
- this effort ceases as soon as the tags 3 are released, and the axes 5 return to their original position by elastic return, so that the tags are automatically returned to the active position.
- the elastic assemblies either by the action of springs, or by the torsion of the axes 5, likewise that the elastic constitution, with memory, of profiles 1 and 2 have the advantage that if the beacons are accidentally struck by a vehicle wheel, they give way when bending and therefore do not constitute a dangerous obstacle.
- Figures 5 and 6 illustrate the transition from the storage position to the active position and vice versa of the device according to the invention.
- each profile 1-2 can be a pipe.
- the device is stored by winding on a reel 30, comprising a tube central 31 for the actual winding and side cheeks 32 for maintaining the successive turns on the tube 31.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the case where the device having been previously extended to the ground in position active, we remove it by winding it on the reel 30. For this, we drive the reel 30 in rotation, by any known means, in the direction of arrow F1, so that the device is driven according to arrow F2.
- the tags 3 lie down and are placed between the profiles flexible 1 and 2. They are then erased in the contour of flexible profiles 1 and 2 and do not at worst form only a slight relief which is not significant as regards the radial bulk of the wound assembly and as for the diameter of the drum 30.
- the reel 30 can be placed on a support of a trailer, itself hooked to a vehicle for its transport and maneuvered by hand for the installation of the device.
- the vehicle is supposed to roll in the direction of the arrow F3 while the drum 30 rotates in the direction of arrow F4, so that as the vehicle advances, the device extends on the ground at the rear of the vehicle.
- sections 1 and 2 ensures that the original distance between the 3 tags are kept, which would not be the case with simple cables in case irregularity of the deposit on the ground, if the speed of rotation of the reel is not rigorously constant and synchronized with that of the advancement of the vehicle.
- the device of the invention is rather intended for beaconing over short distances, such as for example, lane narrowing. Consequently, the reel 30 has dimensions relatively modest, which is very advantageous with regard to its size and its weight, empty and packed with the rolled up device.
- the vehicle must have a long enough autonomy so that we can deal with all possible circumstances, which are many and varied. It is why it is expected that the vehicle carries several reels on standby 30A, 30B etc.
- This profile 40 is a strip formed of two parts which are respectively a support lower 41 of elastically stretchable material and a band proper 42 in a rigid, non-stretchable material, marked with three lines longitudinal 43, 44 and 45 which determine two lateral margins 46 and 47 and two flaps central 48 and 49.
- the strip 42 is fixed to the support 41, in particular by bonding or welding, only by margins 46 and 47, while support 41 is not stretched, that is to say in its natural situation.
- the strip 42 then appears as on the FIG. 7, the flaps 48 and 49 being straightened by folding along lines 43, 44 and 45.
- the beacons here consist of rigid, non-elastic panels, 50 each formed of two wings 51 and 52 separated by a central fold line 53, each of these wings carrying a reflectorized zone 54 formed of a reflector, of reflective paint, of a retroreflective film or the like.
- the lower edges 55 and 56 of the wings 51 and 52 are oblique and fixed to the flaps 48 and 49.
- the fixing the wings 51-52 to the flaps 48-49 can be carried out by welding.
- the panels 50 constituting the beacons are straightened from the fact that the wings 51 and 52 are fixed by their base to the two flaps 48 and 49, themselves in raised position.
- the folded panels cause the flaps 48 and 49 to flatten and the support 41 which thus authorizes movements.
- the panels 50 regain their freedom and the natural effort of the support 41 which returns elastically to its original situation, acts as a motor to straighten the flaps 48 and 49 and the flaps 50 which are integral therewith.
- FIG. 9 shows a simpler embodiment of the invention, but also more rudimentary.
- the device comprises a single flexible section 60, the section of which is here circular.
- a profile can be constituted by an existing pipe.
- the tags 61 are formed by a rigid trapezoidal panel 62 carrying an area reflectorized 63 formed of a reflector, reflective paint, a film retroreflective or the like.
- the panel 62 has at its lower part an opening 64 bordered by two branches 65 and 66 with a non-circular section engaged in the profile 60 by holes made in the latter.
- the tags 61 are erected and expose their reflective zone 63, the material of which the profile 60 is sufficiently firm so as not to deform easily.
- the tags 61 lie down, as we have explained above, thanks to the flexibility of the profile 60 because the holes and the branches 65-66 being non-circular, the relative position of the tags 61 and the profile 60 remains invariable.
- section 60 This can be obtained by means of side shims (not shown) or by giving section 60 a section that is not strictly circular.
- the profile When the profile is hollow and substantially elastic, it may be advantageous for it presents a continuous longitudinal slit which does not affect its robustness and which presents the advantage of allowing an internal element such as an electrical conductor to be engaged and remove it by simple deformation of the profile, without any disassembly or removal of the tags.
- a such a conductor can power the beacons or a complementary signaling device, for example for fixed or flashing lighting.
- This assembly 70 constitutes the device to be placed on the ground in the active position and in front be wound on a reel in the storage position.
- the tags 75 are distinct from this set 70. They each comprise on the one hand a body 76 having a reflective zone 77 formed of a reflector, of paint reflective, of a retroreflective film or the like and, on the other hand, a base 78 crossing of two holes 79.
- the beacons 75 are then placed one by one, engaging the holes 79 of their bases 78 on the end pieces 74, as indicated by arrow F7.
- the independence of the 75 tags has the advantage that they can have dimensions independent of minimum space requirements in the storage position. In addition, not being intended to change position and / or orientation during storage, the setting up the system can be considered simpler.
- each tag 80 includes a frustoconical body 81 and a base 82 provided with two lateral channels 83 and 84 whose section is coordinated with that of flexible profiles 1 and 2.
- the immobilized 80 tags thanks to their elastic wedging.
- the body 81 of the tag being here frustoconical, it has been represented with colored bands alternating, usually white and red.
- beacons 80 can be used since they are not intended to be folded down in the device storage position.
- the structure described allows always fix the beacons 80 to the ground and prevent them from being moved and, in addition, it makes it possible to adjust their spacing by sliding their base 82 relative to the flexible sections 1 and 2.
- the base 82 of the beacons also has the role of spacer and keeps the spacing of profiles 1 and 2 constant.
- the tags can also be produced in the form of studs (not shown) of very low height as soon as they expose a highly visible reflective area, or even luminous, because then it is possible to wind the device without the tags, or studs, change position since the thickness of the turns on each other is compatible with space requirements.
- the storage of device can be obtained not only by winding but also by piling vertical or horizontal, the movements of the device can be manual or mechanized, use towed or self-propelled vehicles, etc.
- the device itself can be produced in the form of a naturally flat strip (s) flexible, full or hollow profiles (especially tubular like pipes), etc.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- le personnel de mise en oeuvre n'est pas en sécurité pendant la pose et le retrait des balises, le risque d'accident étant d'autant plus grand que le personnel reste longtemps sur place en raison de la grande longueur du balisage;
- la pose et le retrait de nombreuses balises nécessite la présence d'une équipe complète : un conducteur et au moins deux opérateurs;
- leurs pose et leur retrait demande beaucoup de temps car il est aussi impossible d'augmenter la vitesse à laquelle le véhicule roule que d'accélérer les manipulations elles-mêmes;
- les balises étant individuelles et isolées, sont très vulnérables au renversement et au déplacement accidentel, de sorte qu'elles peuvent être envoyées au loin où elles disparaissent à la vue, ce qui crée un grave défaut de signalisation.
- US 4 552 089, dans lequel les balises sont articulées à des câbles longitudinaux qui, par nature, n'ont pas de rigidité longitudinale, de sorte que la mise en place d'une guirlande suppose l'ancrage de l'extrémité libre (au moyen d'un élément très lourd, par exemple) et la tension de la guirlande par son extrémité engagée sur le touret.
- FR 2 672 067, qui prévoit que les balises sont réunies entre elles en accordéon et se replient les unes contre les autres au lieu d'être rabattues, mais les supports des balises sont également des câbles qui doivent être amarrés à une masse lourde.
- DE 3 905 372, dans lequel les balises sont articulées à des patins d'une chenille, le tout formant un ensemble longitudinalement rigide mais ni flexible ni élastique, les balises et les patins pouvant être pliés les uns par rapport aux autres mais demeurant individuellement rigides et indéformables latéralement.
- les balises sont des plots formant un faible relief par rapport au profilé flexible ;
- les balises sont dans un plan décalé angulairement par rapport au profilé flexible quand celui-ci est posé à plat sur le sol, c'est-à-dire obliques ou sensiblement verticales ;
- les balises sont montées pivotantes par rapport au profilé flexible afin de pouvoir occuper deux positions dans l'une desquelles elles sont en position de redressement, obliques ou sensiblement perpendiculaires au profilé flexible quand celui-ci est posé à plat sur le sol, et dans l'autre desquelles elles sont couchées à proximité dudit profilé flexible quand celui-ci est en position de stockage ;
- les balises possèdent un appendice qui doit être au contact du sol quand le profilé flexible est posé à plat et qui forme un levier de redressement des balises ;
- les balises sont associées à au moins une butée déterminant une position préférentielle pour lesdites balises ;
- les balises sont sollicitées élastiquement vers leur position de redressement ;
- le profilé flexible est une bande plate présentant des lignes longitudinales selon lesquelles elle est pliée pour présenter une section semi-polygonale extérieurement convexe quand elle est posée librement sur le sol, tandis qu'elle est plate quand elle est en position de stockage, les balises étant fixées sur une grande face de cette bande selon une ligne non droite et substantiellement perpendiculaire aux lignes longitudinales de la bande, afin d'obliger les balises à se redresser quand la bande est pliée et à s'abaisser contre la bande quand elle est aplatie ;
- le profilé flexible est formé de deux composants parallèles réunis par des traverses formant entretoises ;
- le profilé flexible est formé d'un profilé unique, notamment à section circulaire ;
- le profilé unique possède une embase destinée à reposer sur le sol ;
- les balises sont individuellement amovibles afin de pouvoir être séparées du profilé flexible.
Claims (12)
- Dispositif de signalisation au sol pour voies de circulation de véhicules consistant en un ensemble comprenant d'une part au moins un élément de grande longueur solidaire de balises et d'autre part des moyens de stockage, cet ensemble pouvant être placé soit en position active à plat sur le sol, soit en position de stockage sous volume réduit par enroulement sur un touret, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de grande longueur est formé d'au moins un profilé flexible et élastique de tous côtés, et rigide longitudinalement.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les balises sont des plots formant un faible relief par rapport au profilé flexible.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les balises (3, 50, 61) sont dans un plan décalé angulairement par rapport au profilé flexible (1-2, 41-42, 60) quand celui-ci est posé à plat sur le sol, c'est-à-dire obliques ou sensiblement verticales.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les balises (3, 50, 61) sont montées pivotantes par rapport au profilé flexible (1-2, 41-42, 60) afin de pouvoir occuper deux positions dans l'une desquelles elles sont en position de redressement, obliques ou sensiblement perpendiculaires au profilé flexible (1-2, 41-42, 60) quand celui-ci est posé à plat sur le sol, et dans l'autre desquelles elles sont couchées à proximité dudit profilé flexible (1-2, 41-42, 60) quand celui-ci est en position de stockage.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les balises (3) possèdent un appendice (11) qui doit être au contact du sol quand le profilé flexible (1-2) est posé à plat et qui forme un levier de redressement des balises (3).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les balises (3) sont associées à au moins une butée déterminant une position préférentielle pour lesdites balises (3).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les balises sont sollicitées élastiquement vers leur position de redressement.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le profilé flexible (40) est une bande plate (42) présentant des lignes longitudinales (43, 44 et 45) selon lesquelles elle est pliée pour présenter une section semi-polygonale extérieurement convexe quand elle est posée librement sur le sol, tandis qu'elle est plate quand elle est en position de stockage, les balises (50) étant fixées sur une grande face de cette bande (42) selon une ligne non droite et substantiellement perpendiculaire aux lignes longitudinales (43, 44 et 45) de la bande (42), afin d'obliger les balises (50) à se redresser quand la bande (42) est pliée et à s'abaisser contre la bande (42) quand elle est aplatie.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le profilé flexible est formé de deux composants parallèles (1 et 2, 71 et 72) réunis par des traverses (5-6-7, 73, 82) formant entretoises.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le profilé flexible est formé d'un profilé unique (60), notamment à section circulaire.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le profilé unique (60) possède une embase (67) destinée à reposer sur le sol.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les balises (75, 80) sont individuellement amovibles afin de pouvoir être séparées du profilé flexible (70, 1-2).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9712138 | 1997-09-30 | ||
FR9712138 | 1997-09-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0905322A1 true EP0905322A1 (fr) | 1999-03-31 |
EP0905322B1 EP0905322B1 (fr) | 2007-01-10 |
Family
ID=9511625
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98402308A Expired - Lifetime EP0905322B1 (fr) | 1997-09-30 | 1998-09-18 | Dispositif amovible de signalisation au sol pour voies de circulation de véhicules |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0905322B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69836850T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2281125T3 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2412685A (en) * | 2004-01-08 | 2005-10-05 | David Windsor Hewitt | Temporary traffic cordoning system |
FR2913030A1 (fr) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-08-29 | Abderrahmene Barkat | Dispositif pour deployer les cones de signalisations sur les routes et autoroutes |
FR2945051A1 (fr) * | 2009-04-29 | 2010-11-05 | Nadia Signalisation | Balise de voirie |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4080085A (en) * | 1976-02-04 | 1978-03-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Traffic lane delineator system |
US4515499A (en) * | 1983-04-19 | 1985-05-07 | Furiate David L | Traffic lane delineator |
US4552089A (en) | 1983-10-14 | 1985-11-12 | Mahoney Thomas P | Road warning emergency system and method of utilizing same |
DE3905372C1 (fr) | 1989-02-22 | 1990-05-31 | Carl-Heinz Gubela Gmbh, 5060 Bergisch Gladbach, De | |
FR2672067A1 (fr) | 1991-01-25 | 1992-07-31 | Sodirel Sa | Dispositif temporaire de balisage. |
GB2310680A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-03 | Robert John Holdsworth | Hazard emergency warning stip |
-
1998
- 1998-09-18 EP EP98402308A patent/EP0905322B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-18 ES ES98402308T patent/ES2281125T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-18 DE DE69836850T patent/DE69836850T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4080085A (en) * | 1976-02-04 | 1978-03-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Traffic lane delineator system |
US4515499A (en) * | 1983-04-19 | 1985-05-07 | Furiate David L | Traffic lane delineator |
US4552089A (en) | 1983-10-14 | 1985-11-12 | Mahoney Thomas P | Road warning emergency system and method of utilizing same |
DE3905372C1 (fr) | 1989-02-22 | 1990-05-31 | Carl-Heinz Gubela Gmbh, 5060 Bergisch Gladbach, De | |
FR2672067A1 (fr) | 1991-01-25 | 1992-07-31 | Sodirel Sa | Dispositif temporaire de balisage. |
GB2310680A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-03 | Robert John Holdsworth | Hazard emergency warning stip |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2412685A (en) * | 2004-01-08 | 2005-10-05 | David Windsor Hewitt | Temporary traffic cordoning system |
FR2913030A1 (fr) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-08-29 | Abderrahmene Barkat | Dispositif pour deployer les cones de signalisations sur les routes et autoroutes |
FR2945051A1 (fr) * | 2009-04-29 | 2010-11-05 | Nadia Signalisation | Balise de voirie |
EP2248950A1 (fr) * | 2009-04-29 | 2010-11-10 | Nadia Signalisation | Balise de voirie |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0905322B1 (fr) | 2007-01-10 |
ES2281125T3 (es) | 2007-09-16 |
DE69836850T2 (de) | 2007-10-25 |
DE69836850D1 (de) | 2007-02-22 |
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