EP0903621A1 - Procédé pour la préparation d'un élément photographique à l'halogénure d'argent - Google Patents
Procédé pour la préparation d'un élément photographique à l'halogénure d'argent Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0903621A1 EP0903621A1 EP97116342A EP97116342A EP0903621A1 EP 0903621 A1 EP0903621 A1 EP 0903621A1 EP 97116342 A EP97116342 A EP 97116342A EP 97116342 A EP97116342 A EP 97116342A EP 0903621 A1 EP0903621 A1 EP 0903621A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- silver halide
- group
- silver
- halide emulsion
- compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 197
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 197
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 15
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 abstract description 39
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 abstract description 39
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 72
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 71
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 39
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 16
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 16
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 15
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- AVXGDRLJYMNJNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;2,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,4-disulfonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OC1=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(O)C=C1S([O-])(=O)=O AVXGDRLJYMNJNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 11
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 10
- ISWQCIVKKSOKNN-UHFFFAOYSA-L Tiron Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC1=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1O ISWQCIVKKSOKNN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 7
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000586 desensitisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 5
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 description 5
- AIGNCQCMONAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoselenazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[se]C=NC2=C1 AIGNCQCMONAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ODIRBFFBCSTPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-selenazole Chemical compound C1=C[se]C=N1 ODIRBFFBCSTPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-tetrazole Substances C=1N=NNN=1 KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- KXNQKOAQSGJCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=CS3)=C3C=CC2=C1 KXNQKOAQSGJCQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMUIZUWOEIQJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=CO3)=C3C=CC2=C1 WMUIZUWOEIQJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine group Chemical group N1=CCC2=CC=CC=C12 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- WXHLLJAMBQLULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[6-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-n-(2-methyl-6-sulfanylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide;hydrate Chemical compound O.C=1C(N2CCN(CCO)CC2)=NC(C)=NC=1NC(S1)=NC=C1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1S WXHLLJAMBQLULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002373 5 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZLLOWHFKKIOINR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-1,3-thiazole Chemical compound S1C=NC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZLLOWHFKKIOINR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004070 6 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMTXUWGBSGZXCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[e][1,3]benzoselenazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=C[se]3)=C3C=CC2=C1 AMTXUWGBSGZXCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000005205 dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N oxazine, 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)N(C)C)[C@H](O)C[C@]21C)=O)CC1=CC2)C[C@H]1[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2N=C(C(C)C)OC1 AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VKDSBABHIXQFKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenolate Chemical compound [K+].OC1=CC=C(O)C(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 VKDSBABHIXQFKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NDGRWYRVNANFNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolidin-3-one Chemical class O=C1CCNN1 NDGRWYRVNANFNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LUMLZKVIXLWTCI-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-2,3-dichloro-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(\Cl)=C(/Cl)C=O LUMLZKVIXLWTCI-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHAMTJKQPOMXTI-VAWYXSNFSA-N (ne)-n-(morpholine-4-carbonylimino)morpholine-4-carboxamide Chemical compound C1COCCN1C(=O)\N=N\C(=O)N1CCOCC1 CHAMTJKQPOMXTI-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVRXOULDGSWPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydropyrazole-3-thione Chemical class SC1=CC=NN1 FVRXOULDGSWPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BREUOIWLJRZAFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazol-5-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 BREUOIWLJRZAFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORIIXCOYEOIFSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazol-6-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2N=CSC2=C1 ORIIXCOYEOIFSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPPYOQWUJKAFSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazol-5-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 UPPYOQWUJKAFSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAHAKBXWZLDNAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazol-6-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2N=COC2=C1 SAHAKBXWZLDNAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHKAJLSKXBADFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-indandione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)CC(=O)C2=C1 UHKAJLSKXBADFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRHUHDUEXWHZMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dihydropyrazol-5-one Chemical compound O=C1CC=NN1 ZRHUHDUEXWHZMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIQZJFKTROUNPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin Chemical compound CC1(C)N(CO)C(=O)NC1=O SIQZJFKTROUNPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIYWOHBEPVGIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-benzo[g]indole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(NC=C3)C3=CC=C21 HIYWOHBEPVGIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVKCAQKXTLCSBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-isoquinolin-4-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C=NCC2=C1 PVKCAQKXTLCSBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CARFETJZUQORNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-pyrrole-2-thiol Chemical class SC1=CC=CN1 CARFETJZUQORNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAAIPIWKKXCNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-tetrazol-1-ium-5-thiolate Chemical class SC1=NN=NN1 JAAIPIWKKXCNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLCOQBODWBFTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-triazol-1-ium-4-thiolate Chemical class SC1=CNN=N1 LLCOQBODWBFTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRINVLDPXAXANH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1,3-benzoselenazole Chemical compound C1C=CC=C2[Se]CNC21 QRINVLDPXAXANH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTQQIHUQLOZOJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1,2-thiazole Chemical compound C1NSC=C1 YTQQIHUQLOZOJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKUDHBLDJYZZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloro-1h-1,3,5-triazin-4-one Chemical compound OC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 YKUDHBLDJYZZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHKUUQIDMUMQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)butoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCCCCOCC1CO1 SHKUUQIDMUMQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UGWULZWUXSCWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=S)N1 UGWULZWUXSCWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-thiobarbituric acid Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NC(=S)N1 RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJSJAWHHGDPBOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrazolidin-3-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C)(C)CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 SJSJAWHHGDPBOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVORRVFKHZLJGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-Dimethyloxazole Chemical compound CC=1N=COC=1C YVORRVFKHZLJGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWSONZCNXUSTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-Dimethylthiazole Chemical compound CC=1N=CSC=1C UWSONZCNXUSTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminophenol Chemical class NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQPBBURQQRLAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound CCC1=COC=N1 GQPBBURQQRLAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQPAPBLJJLIQGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC2=C1N=CS2 XQPAPBLJJLIQGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIUXNZAIHQAHBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=C1N=CS2 PIUXNZAIHQAHBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUMREIFKTMLCAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound CC1=COC=N1 PUMREIFKTMLCAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJATXNRFAXUVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3-selenazole Chemical compound CC1=C[se]C=N1 BJATXNRFAXUVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFIQGRISGKSVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylaminophenol Chemical compound CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZFIQGRISGKSVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMHIMXFNBOYPND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylthiazole Chemical compound CC1=CSC=N1 QMHIMXFNBOYPND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTFMLYSGIKHECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound O1C=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 NTFMLYSGIKHECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLBGDGWUZBTFHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-1,3-selenazole Chemical compound [se]1C=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 MLBGDGWUZBTFHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNPNXLYNSXZPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1NCC(=S)N1 DNPNXLYNSXZPGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBWUTXXJFOIVME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4h-1,2-oxazol-5-one Chemical compound O=C1CC=NO1 QBWUTXXJFOIVME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPRDZAMUYMOJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-dichloro-1h-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC2=C1NC=N2 IPRDZAMUYMOJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMUXKZBRYRPIPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(C)=CC2=C1SC=N2 QMUXKZBRYRPIPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWNMLYACWNIEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(C)=CC2=C1OC=N2 RWNMLYACWNIEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFDDRUWQFQJGNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 KFDDRUWQFQJGNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUMYZVKQCMCQHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-1,3-benzoselenazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2[se]C=NC2=C1 DUMYZVKQCMCQHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTSFYTDPSSFCLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 YTSFYTDPSSFCLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWMQXAYLHOSRKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 VWMQXAYLHOSRKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJKZDLZKILFNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 PNJKZDLZKILFNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQQKXTVYGHYXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methoxy-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 IQQKXTVYGHYXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEBIXVUYSFOUEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 SEBIXVUYSFOUEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYMHCFYHVYGFMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound CC1=CN=CO1 ZYMHCFYHVYGFMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INVVMIXYILXINW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1h-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)N2NC=NC2=N1 INVVMIXYILXINW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLYUNPNLXMSXAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylthiazole Chemical compound CC1=CN=CS1 RLYUNPNLXMSXAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAKPXIJKSNGOCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound C=1C=C2SC=NC2=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 AAKPXIJKSNGOCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIFNXGHHDAXUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C=1C=C2OC=NC2=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 NIFNXGHHDAXUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJOUISWKEOXIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-bromo-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C2N=CSC2=C1 YJOUISWKEOXIMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQULYFAKUZDRPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-bromo-2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound BrC1=CC2=C(N=C(S2)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 HQULYFAKUZDRPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIBQGOMAISTKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2N=CSC2=C1 AIBQGOMAISTKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKLOLMQJDLMZRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-1h-benzimidazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2N=CNC2=C1 NKLOLMQJDLMZRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHOIGFLSEXUWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C2N=CSC2=C1 AHOIGFLSEXUWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKYKJYSYSGEDCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methoxy-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C2N=COC2=C1 FKYKJYSYSGEDCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVKILQAPNDCUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2N=CSC2=C1 IVKILQAPNDCUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXEDQOMFMWCKFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-chloro-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC2=C1SC=N2 RXEDQOMFMWCKFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010027146 Melanoderma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical class CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWVVNNZRDBXOQL-AATRIKPKSA-O [(e)-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-enyl]-dimethylazanium Chemical compound CN(C)\C=C\C[NH+](C)C LWVVNNZRDBXOQL-AATRIKPKSA-O 0.000 description 1
- HOLVRJRSWZOAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].ICl Chemical compound [Ag].ICl HOLVRJRSWZOAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005041 acyloxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005078 alkoxycarbonylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001541 aziridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HNYOPLTXPVRDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N barbituric acid Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NC(=O)N1 HNYOPLTXPVRDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001556 benzimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000298 carbocyanine Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004181 carboxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000068 chlorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VZWXIQHBIQLMPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCOC2=C1 VZWXIQHBIQLMPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIDPCXKPHYRNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-J chrome alum Chemical compound [K]OS(=O)(=O)O[Cr]1OS(=O)(=O)O1 OIDPCXKPHYRNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Cr+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043264 dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002343 gold Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002344 gold compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K gold trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Au](Cl)Cl RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydantoin Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=O)N1 WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940091173 hydantoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;quinoline Chemical compound [NH+]1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002473 indoazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000831 ionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZAKLKBFCSHJIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N mucochloric acid Natural products OC1OC(=O)C(Cl)=C1Cl ZAKLKBFCSHJIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVKAWJASTRPFQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-aminoethyl)hydroxylamine Chemical compound NCCNO JVKAWJASTRPFQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002916 oxazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxymethurea Chemical compound OCNC(=O)NCO QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005308 oxymethurea Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenidone Chemical compound N1C(=O)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000120 polyethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZHHGTDYVCLDHHV-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium;gold(3+);tetraiodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-].[I-].[I-].[I-].[Au+3] ZHHGTDYVCLDHHV-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBCQSNAFLVXVAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidine-2-thiol Chemical class SC1=NC=CC=N1 HBCQSNAFLVXVAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000837 restrainer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodanine Chemical compound O=C1CSC(=S)N1 KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000004964 sulfoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011885 synergistic combination Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007979 thiazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CBDKQYKMCICBOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CS1 CBDKQYKMCICBOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GWIKYPMLNBTJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiosulfonate group Chemical group S(=S)(=O)[O-] GWIKYPMLNBTJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/34—Fog-inhibitors; Stabilisers; Agents inhibiting latent image regression
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/33—Spot-preventing agents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/0051—Tabular grain emulsions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/16—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes
- G03C5/17—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes using screens to intensify X-ray images
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for preparing a silver halide photographic element.
- the present invention relates to the use of an aryl derivative in a process for the preparation of a silver halide photographic element to reduce or eliminate spot defects in the photographic element due to metallic contamination.
- Silver halide emulsions are usually prepared by precipitating silver halide (silver bromide, silver iodide, silver chloride or mixture thereof) in the presence of a hydrophilic colloid (normally gelatin).
- the silver halide emulsions are subjected to a sensitization process for increasing their sensitivity to light.
- sensitization process There are two primary methods for sensitization: spectral sensitization and chemical sensitization.
- Spectral sensitization comprises the addition of spectral sensitizing dyes which can be adsorbed on the silver halide grain surface to make the emulsion sensitive to the imaging or phosphor emitted radiation, typically visible or infrared radiation.
- Chemical sensitization involves the addition of various chemical substances to obtain a prescribed value of sensitivity and contrast.
- Typical methods for chemical sensitizing a silver halide photographic emulsion include sulfur sensitization, noble metal sensitization, and reduction sensitization. It is also common in the art to have combination methods, such as sulfur-noble metal sensitization, reduction-noble metal sensitization, and the like.
- the silver halide emulsion is coated onto a support together with coating additives.
- coating additives A wide description of useful coating aids can be found in Research Disclosure No. 38597, September 1996, "Photographic Silver Halide Emulsions, Preparations, Addenda, Systems and Processing", Item IX.
- the elements are free from any metal contamination.
- fine metal particles may be produced by the equipment during the manufacturing process. Metal contamination can occur during any step from the base preparation to final coating. Even though different metals like copper or nickel can be present in the final material, the main metal contaminant is fine iron particles.
- the presence of iron ions like Fe (III) can desensitize the silver halide and produce a lower density halo on the developed film appearing as a white spot.
- the presence of fine metallic iron particles or iron ions like Fe (II) can generate, by oxidation, the release of one or two electrons, which produce a sensitized halo on the developed film appearing as black spots.
- white or black spot are relative terms merely meaning that the spot either appears whiter or blacker than the surrounding non contaminated area of the film.
- White and/or black spots in a developed image give rise to poor image quality and are unacceptable in many photographic films, especially, in an X-ray application where spots interfere with medical diagnosis.
- One approach used in the art to control or eliminate these defects is to add a sequestering or chelating agent.
- the chemical compound generally forms a strong complex with the metal so that the metal can be removed from the photosensitive element thus preventing spot formation.
- complexing agents have been described in the art.
- US Patent 3,443,951 discloses the use of phosphoric acid esters in photographic element to prevent spot formation caused by metal particles.
- US Patent 4,340,665 discloses the use of phosphate and amine complexing agents in synergistic combination to reduce spot formation caused by iron contamination of photographic element.
- US Patent 3,925,086 discloses the use of azotriazoles and azotetrazoles as antispot agent in photographic silver halide emulsion or in processing baths.
- US Patent 3,300,312 discloses the use of sulfosalicylic acid in photographic elements to reduce spotting from metallic particles.
- EP 733,940 discloses the use of both phosphate and sulfosalicylic acid in photographic elements to reduce spotting from spurious metal particle contamination.
- GB Patent 1,350,303 discloses the use of thienyl or furyl compound to reduced tendency to spot formation due to metal or metal oxide contamination.
- GB Patent 1,350,302 discloses the use of aldoxime compound to reduced tendency to spot formation due to metal or metal oxide contamination.
- US Patent 4,340,665 discloses the use of phosphate and hydroxyethylene diamine triacetate in photographic silver halide materials to reduce metal particle contamination.
- US 5,028,520 discloses the use of hydroquinone sulfonic acid potassium salt on tabular silver halide emulsion in an amount of from 0.03 to 0.5 moles per mole of silver to decrease the surface glossiness. It is also disclosed that no effect is obtained with amount lower than 0.03 mole per mole of silver.
- JP 54-040729, JP 56-001936 and JP 62-021143 disclose the use of polyhydroxybenzene derivatives on cubic silver halide emulsions to decrease pressure sensitivity in graphic art films.
- EP 452772, EP 476521, EP 482599 and EP 488029 disclose the use of polyhydroxybenzene derivatives with functional groups that allow better silver halide grain adsorption to decrease pressure sensitivity of final film.
- EP 339870 discloses a silver halide photographic emulsion having in reactive association a sensitizing amount of polyalkylene glycol compound and a fog reducing amount of an arylhydroxy compound.
- the present invention provides a process for manufacturing a silver halide photographic element comprising the step of adding an aryl compound having at least two hydroxyl groups and at least one additional substituent represented by a sulfonic group, an hydroxyl group, a carboxy group or a hydroxymethyl group in an amount less than 0.03 moles per mole of silver to a silver halide emulsion before coating onto a support base.
- the addition of the aryl compound reduces or eliminates spot defects due to metallic contamination of a silver halide photographic emulsion comprising silver halide tabular grains.
- the aryl compound is represented by the following formula: wherein R 1 to R 4 are selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a sulfonic group, an hydroxyl group, a carboxy group and an hydroxymethylene group, provided that at least one of R 1 to R 4 is different from hydrogen atom.
- a silver halide photographic material comprising a support based having coated thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer, wherein said silver halide emulsion layer comprises an aryl compound having at least two hydroxyl groups and at least one additional substituent represented by a sulfonic group, an hydroxyl group, a carboxy group or an hydroxymethyl group in an amount less than 0.03 moles per mole of silver.
- the process for manufacturing silver halide elements typically involves an emulsion-making step, a chemical and optical sensitization step, and a coating step.
- the silver halide emulsion-making step generally comprises (i) a nucleation step, where silver halide grain seeds are formed, (ii) one or more growing steps, where the grain seeds achieve their final dimension, and (iii) a washing step, where all soluble salts are removed from the final emulsion.
- a ripening step is usually performed between the nucleation and growing step and/or between the growing and the washing steps.
- Silver halide emulsions can be prepared using a single-jet method, a double-jet method, or a combination of these methods and can be ripened using, for example, an ammonia method, a neutralization method, or an acid method. Parameters which may be adjusted to control grain growth include pH, pAg, temperature, shape and size of reaction vessel, and the reaction method (e.g., accelerated or constant flow rate precipitation, interrupted precipitation, ultrafiltration during precipitation, reverse mixing processes and combinations thereof).
- a silver halide solvent such as ammonia, thioethers, thioureas, etc., may be used, if desired, for controlling grain size, grain structure, particle size distribution of the grains, and the grain-growth rate.
- halogen compositions of the silver halide grains can be used.
- Typical silver halides include silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodide, silver chloroiodide, silver bromoiodide, silver chlorobromoiodide and the like.
- silver bromide and silver bromoiodide are preferred silver halide compositions with silver bromoiodide compositions containing from 0 to 10 mol% silver iodide, preferably, from 0.2 to 5 mol% silver iodide, and more preferably, from 0.5 to 1.5mol% silver iodide.
- the halogen composition of individual grains may be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
- gelatin As a binder for silver halide emulsions, gelatin is preferred, but other hydrophilic colloids can be used, alone or in combination, such as, dextran, cellulose derivatives (e.g., hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose), collagen derivatives, colloidal albumin or casein, polysaccharides, synthetic hydrophilic polymers (e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylpyrazole) and the like.
- Gelatin derivatives such as, highly deionized gelatin, acetylated gelatin and phthalated gelatin can also be used.
- hydrophilic colloids in combination with synthetic polymeric binders and peptizers such as acrylamide and methacrylamide polymers, polymers of alkyl and sulfoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and its derivatives, polyvinyl lactams, polyamides, polyamines, polyvinyl acetates, and the like.
- synthetic polymeric binders and peptizers such as acrylamide and methacrylamide polymers, polymers of alkyl and sulfoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and its derivatives, polyvinyl lactams, polyamides, polyamines, polyvinyl acetates, and the like.
- the grains of these silver halide emulsions may be coarse or fine, and the grain size distribution of them may be narrow or broad.
- the silver halide grains may be regular grains having a regular crystal structure such as cube, octahedron, and tetradecahedron, or the spherical or irregular crystal structure, or those having crystal defects such as twin planes, or those having a tabular form, or combination thereof.
- the grain structure of the silver halides may be uniform from the interior to exterior thereof, or be multilayer.
- the grains may comprise a core and a shell, which may have different halide compositions and/or may have undergone different modifications such as the addition of doping agents.
- the silver halide grains may also comprise different phases in-between.
- the silver halides may be of such a type as allows a latent image to be formed mainly on the surface thereof or of such type as allows it to be formed inside the grains thereof.
- tabular silver halide emulsions are used having an aspect ratio of at least 2:1, preferably, 2:1 to 20:1, more preferably, 2:1 to 14:1, and most preferably, 2:1 to 8:1.
- aspect ratio refers to the average diameter:thickness ratio of the silver halide grains.
- Average diameters of the tabular silver halide grains range from about 0.3 to about 5 ⁇ m, preferably, from about 0.5 to about 3 ⁇ m, more preferably, from about 0.8 to about 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the tabular silver halide grains have a thickness of less than 0.4 ⁇ m, preferably, less than 0.3 ⁇ m, and more preferably, within 0.1 to 0.3 ⁇ m.
- the projected area of the tabular silver halide grains accounts for at least 50%, preferably, at least 80%, and more preferably, at least 90% of the projected area of all the silver halide grains of the emulsion.
- the tabular silver halide grain dimensions and characteristics described above can be readily ascertained by procedures well known to those skilled in the art.
- the term "diameter” is defined as the diameter of a circle having an area equal to the projected area of the grain.
- the term “thickness” refers to the distance between two substantially parallel main planes constituting the tabular silver halide grains. From the measure of diameter and thickness of each grain the diameter:thickness ratio of each grain can be calculated, and the diameter:thickness ratios of all tabular grains can be averaged to obtain their average diameter:thickness ratio.
- the average diameter:thickness ratio is the average of individual tabular grain diameter:thickness ratios. In practice, it is simpler to obtain an average diameter and an average thickness of the tabular grains and to calculate the average diameter:thickness ratio as the ratio of these two averages. Whatever the method used, the average diameter:thickness ratios obtained do not greatly differ.
- Silver halide emulsions containing tabular silver halide grains can be prepared by various processes known to those of ordinary skill in the art for the preparation of photographic elements.
- water soluble salts are removed from the emulsion by procedures generally known by those skilled in the art. Suitable washing processes are those wherein the dispersing medium and soluble salts dissolved therein can be removed from the silver halide emulsion on a continuous basis, such as, for example, a combination of dialysis or electrodialysis for the removal of soluble salts or a combination of osmosis or reverse osmosis for the removal of the dispersing medium.
- ultrafiltration is a particularly advantageous washing processes for the practice of this process.
- an ultrafiltration unit comprising membranes of inert, non-ionic polymers is used as a washing process. Since silver halide grains are large in comparison with the dispersing medium and the soluble salts or ions, silver halide grains are retained by the membranes while the dispersing medium and the soluble salts dissolved therein are removed.
- silver halide grain emulsions Prior to use, silver halide grain emulsions are generally fully dispersed and bulked up with gelatin or other dispersion of peptizer and subjected to any of the known methods for achieving optimum sensitivity.
- a wide description of methods and compounds useful in chemical and optical sensitization may be found in Research Disclosure No. 38597, September 1996, "Photographic Silver Halide Emulsions, Preparations, Addenda, Systems and Processing", Items IV and 5.
- Chemical sensitization is performed by adding chemical sensitizers and other additional compounds to the silver halide emulsion, followed by the so-called chemical ripening at high temperature for a predetermined period of time.
- Chemical sensitization can be performed by a variety of chemical sensitizers such as gold, sulfur, reducing agents, platinum, selenium, sulfur plus gold, and the like.
- Tabular silver halide grains, after grain formation and desalting, are preferably chemically sensitized by at least one gold sensitizer and at least one sulfur sensitizer.
- other compounds can be added to improve the photographic performances of the resulting silver halide emulsion, such as, for example, antifoggants, stabilizers, optical sensitizers, supersensitizers, and the like.
- Gold sensitization is performed by adding a gold sensitizer to the emulsion and stirring the emulsion at high temperature of preferably 40°C or more for a predetermined period of time.
- a gold sensitizer any gold compound which has an oxidation number of +1 or +3 and is normally used as gold sensitizer can be used.
- Preferred examples of gold sensitizers are chloroauric acid, the salts thereof and gold complexes, such as those described in US 2,399,083.
- gold sensitizers include chloroauric acid, potassium chloroaurate, auric trichloride, sodium aurithiosulfate, potassium aurithiocyanate, potassium iodoaurate, tetracyanoauric acid, 2-aurosulfobenzothiazole methochloride and ammonium aurothiocyanate.
- Sulfur sensitization is performed by adding a sulfur sensitizer to the silver halide emulsion and stirring the emulsion at a high temperature of 40°C or more for a predetermined period of time.
- sulfur sensitizer include thiosulfonates, thiocyanates, sulfinates, thioethers, and elemental sulfur.
- the amounts of the gold sensitizer and the sulfur sensitizer change in accordance with the various conditions, such as activity of the gold and sulfur sensitizer, type and size of silver halide grains, temperature, pH and time of chemical ripening. These amounts, however, are preferably from 1 to 20 mg of gold sensitizer per mole of silver, and from 1 to 100 mg of sulfur sensitizer per mole of silver.
- the temperature of chemical ripening is preferably 45°C or more, and more preferably 50°C to 80°C.
- the pAg and pH may take arbitrary values.
- times and order of addition of the gold sensitizer and sulfur sensitizer are not particularly limited.
- gold and sulfur sensitizers can be added at the initial stage of chemical sensitization or at a later stage either simultaneously or at different times.
- gold and sulfur sensitizers are added to the silver halide emulsion as aqueous solutions, in a water-miscible organic solvent, such as methanol, ethanol and acetone, or mixtures thereof.
- a stabilizer is preferably added at any time before the addition of the sulfur sensitizer. Even if the action of the stabilizer is not yet fully understood, it is believed that it acts as a digest stabilizer and a site director for the sulfur sensitizer.
- the stabilizer is added before the addition of sulfur chemical sensitizer in an amount of from 1 to 500 milligrams per mole of silver, preferably, from 10 to 300 milligrams per mole of silver.
- useful stabilizers include thiazole derivatives; benzothiazole derivatives; mercapto-substituted heterocyclic compounds, such as, for example, mercaptotetrazoles, mercaptotriazoles, mercaptodiazoles, mercaptopyrimidines, mercaptoazoles; azaindenes, such as triazaindenes and tetrazaindenes; triazoles; tetrazoles; and sulfonic and sulfinic benzene derivatives.
- Azaindenes are preferably used, more preferably, tetraazaindenes.
- the silver halide grain emulsion may be optically sensitized to a desired region of the visible spectrum.
- the method for spectral sensitization is not particularly limited.
- optical sensitization may be achieved by using an optical sensitizer, including a cyanine dye, a merocyanine dye, complex cyanine and merocyanine dyes, oxonol dyes, hemioxonol dyes, styryl dyes and streptocyanine dyes, either alone or in combination.
- Useful optical sensitizers include cyanines derived from quinoline, pyridine, isoquinoline, benzindole, oxazole, thiazole, selenazole, imidazole.
- optical sensitizers are the dyes of the benzoxazole-, benzimidazole- and benzothiazole-carbocyanine type.
- the addition of the spectral sensitizer is performed after the completion of chemical sensitization.
- spectral sensitization may be performed concurrently with chemical sensitization, entirely precede chemical sensitization, or even commence prior to the completion of silver halide precipitation.
- the preferential absorption of spectral sensitizing dyes on the crystallographic faces of the tabular grains allows chemical sensitization to occur selectively at unlike crystallographic surfaces of the tabular grains.
- the spectral sensitizers produce J aggregates, if adsorbed on the surface of the silver halide grains, and a sharp absorption band (J-band) with a bathochromic shift with respect to the absorption maximum of the free dye in aqueous solution.
- J-band sharp absorption band
- spectral sensitizing dye absorbed on the surface of the light-sensitive silver halide grains will vary with the quantity of the specific dye chosen as well as the size and chemical composition of the grains.
- the maximum intensity of J-band has been obtained with silver halide grains having the above described sizes and the chemical compositions absorbed with J-band spectral sensitizing dyes in a concentration of from 25 to 100 percent or more of monolayer coverage of the total available surface area of the silver halide grains.
- Optimum dye concentration levels can be chosen in the range of 0.5 to 20 millimoles per mole of silver halide, preferably, in the range of 2 to 10 millimoles.
- Spectral sensitizing dyes producing J aggregates are well known in the art, as illustrated by F. M. Hamer, Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds , John Wiley and Sons, 1964, Chapter XVII and by T. H. James, The Theory of the Photographic Process , 4th Edition, MacMillan, 1977, Chapter 8.
- J-band exhibiting dyes are cyanine dyes having two basic heterocyclic nuclei joined by a linkage of methine groups.
- the heterocyclic nuclei preferably include fused benzene rings to enhance J aggregation.
- Preferred heterocyclic nuclei include quinolinium, benzoxazolium, benzothiazolium, benzoselenazolium, benzimidazolium, naphthoxazolium, naphthothiazolium and naphthoselenazolium quaternary salts.
- the cyanine dyes which are joined by a methine linkage, include two basic heterocyclic nuclei, such as pyrrolidine, oxazoline, thiazoline, pyrrole, oxazole, thiazole, selenazole, tetrazole and pyridine and nuclei obtained by fusing an alicyclic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic hydrocarbon ring to each of the above nuclei, such as indolenine, benzindolenine, indole, benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, benzothiazole, naphthothiazole, benzoselenazole, benzimidazole and quinoline.
- nuclei can have substituents groups.
- the merocyanine dyes which are joined by a methine linkage, include a basic heterocyclic nucleus of the type described above and an acid nucleus, such as a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic nucleus derived from barbituric acid, 2-thiobarbituric acid, rhodanine, hydantoin, 2-thiohydantoin, 4-thiohydantoin, 2-pyrazolin-5-one, 2-isoxazolin-5-one, indan-1,3-dione, cyclohexane-1-3-dione, and isoquinolin-4-one.
- an acid nucleus such as a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic nucleus derived from barbituric acid, 2-thiobarbituric acid, rhodanine, hydantoin, 2-thiohydantoin, 4-thiohydantoin, 2-pyrazolin-5-one, 2-isoxazolin-5-one
- the methine spectral sensitizing dyes are generally known in the art. Particular reference can be made to US Pat. Nos. 2,503,776; 2,912,329; 3,148,187; 3,397,060; 3,573,916; and 3,822,136 and FR Pat. No. 1,118,778. Also their use in photographic emulsions is very well known wherein they are used in optimum concentrations corresponding to desired values of sensitivity to fog ratios. Optimum or near optimum concentrations of spectral sensitizing dyes generally go from 10 to 500 mg per mole of silver, preferably, from 50 to 200, and more preferably, from 50 to 100.
- Spectral sensitizing dyes can be used in combinations which result in supersensitization, i.e., spectral sensitization which is greater in a spectral region than that from any concentration of one dye alone or which would result from an additive effect of the dyes.
- Supersensitization can be obtained with selected combinations of spectral sensitizing dyes and other addenda, such as stabilizers and antifoggants, development accelerators and inhibitors, optical brighteners, surfactants and antistatic agents, as described by Gilman, Photographic Science and Engineering , 18, pp. 418-430, 1974 and in US Pat. Nos. 2,933,390; 3,635,721; 3,743,510; 3,615,613; 3,615,641; 3,617,295; and 3,635,721.
- an aryl compound having at least two hydroxyl groups and at least one additional substituent represented by a sulfonic group, an hydroxyl group, a carboxy group or an hydroxymethyl group is added to the silver halide emulsion in an amount of less than 0.03 moles per mole of silver before coating the silver halide emulsion onto the support base.
- the aryl compound is represented by the following formula: wherein R 1 to R 4 are selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a sulfonic group, an hydroxyl group, a carboxy group and an hydroxymethylene group, provided that at least one of R 1 to R 4 is different from hydrogen atom.
- Suitable aryl compounds represented by the above-referenced general formula include the following:
- the amount of the above described aryl compound is preferably in the range of from 0.0001 to 0.03 moles per mole of silver, more preferably from 0.001 to 0.03 moles per mole of silver, and most preferably from 0.005 to 0.03 moles per mole of silver.
- the use of the above described aryl compounds alllows to reduce or eliminate spot defects due to metallic contamination of a silver halide photographic emulsion.
- Metallic contamination is due to the presence of metals, in particular heavy metals, such as iron, copper, chromium, tin, nickel, and also aluminium.
- metals contaminate the emulsion during the various steps of preparation, coating and/or storage and cause sensitization or desensitization of the silver halide grains, thus causing the appearance of black or white spot in the developed photographic material.
- the aryl compounds used in the present invention are able to chelate the metal ions so reducing the concentration of free metal ions to a harmless level.
- the resulting metal-contaminate free silver halide emulsion comprises less than 1 micromoles of free metal ions per gram of emulsion.
- additives can be added to the silver halide emulsion before or during coating, such as, for example, stabilizers or antifoggants such as azaindenes, triazoles, tetrazoles, imidazolium salts, polyhydroxy compounds and others; developing promoters such as benzyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene type compounds, etc.; image stabilizers such as compounds of the chromane, cumaran, bisphenol type, etc.; and lubricants such as wax, higher fatty acids glycerides, higher alcohol esters of higher fatty acids, etc. may be added.
- coating aids, modifiers of the permeability in the processing liquids, defoaming agents, antistatic agents and matting agents may be used.
- Other useful additives are disclosed in Research Disclosure , Item 17643, December 1978; Research Disclosure , Item 18431, August 1979; Research Disclosure , Item 308119, Section IV, December 1989; and Research Disclosure Item 36544, September 1994.
- Suitable support materials include glass, paper, polyethylene-coated paper, metals, polymeric film such as cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene and the like.
- Preferred light-sensitive silver halide photographic elements are radiographic light-sensitive elements employed in X-ray imaging comprising a silver halide emulsion layer(s) coated on both surfaces of a support, preferably, a polyethylene terephthalate support.
- the silver halide emulsions are coated on the support at a silver coverage in the range of 1.5 to 3 g/m 2 per side.
- the radiographic light-sensitive elements are associated with intensifying screens so as to be exposed to radiation emitted by the screens.
- the screens are made of relatively thick phosphor layers which transform the X-rays into more imaging-effective radiation such as light (e.g., visible light).
- the screens absorb a larger portion of X-rays than the light-sensitive elements do and are used to reduce the X-ray dose necessary to obtain a useful image.
- Intensifying screens absorbing more than 25% of the total X-radiation are preferably used.
- the phosphors can emit radiation in the ultraviolet, blue, green or red region of the visible spectrum and the silver halide emulsions are sensitized to the wavelength region of the radiation emitted by the screens. Sensitization is performed by using spectral sensitizing dyes absorbed on the surface of the silver halide grains as described above.
- Dye underlayers are particularly useful to reduce the cross-over of the double coated silver halide radiographic element. Reference to well-known dye underlayer may be found in US Pat. Nos.
- a dye underlayer is coated on at least one side of the support, more preferably, on both sides of the support, before the coating of at least two silver halide emulsion.
- the silver halide radiographic elements are preferably fore-hardened.
- organic or inorganic hardeners include chrome salts (e.g., chrome alum, chromium acetate), aldehydes (e.g., formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde), isocyanate compounds (hexamethylene diisocyanate), active halogen compounds (e.g., 2,4-dichloro-6-hydroxy-s-triazine), epoxy compounds (e.g., tetramethylene glycol diglycidylether), N-methylol derivatives (e.g., dimethylolurea, methyloldimethyl hydantoin), aziridines, mucohalogeno acids (e.g., mucochloric acid), active vinyl derivatives (e.g., vinylsulfonyl and hydroxy-substituted vinylsulfonyl derivatives) and the like.
- chrome salts e.g., chrome alum,
- the silver halide photographic element can be exposed and processed by any conventional processing technique.
- Any known developing agent can be added into the developer, such as, for example, dihydroxybenzenes (e.g., hydroquinone), pyrazolidones (1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone or 4,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone), and arninophenols (e.g., N-methyl-p-aminophenol), alone or in combinations thereof.
- the silver halide photographic elements are developed in a developer comprising dihydroxybenzenes as the main developing agent, and pyrazolidones and p-aminophenols as auxiliary developing agents.
- additives can be present in the developer, such as, for example, antifoggants (e.g., benzotriazoles, indazoles, tetrazoles), silver halide solvents (e.g., thiosulfates, thiocyanates), sequestering agents (e.g., aminopolycarboxylic acids, aminopolyphosphonic acids), sulfite antioxidants, buffers, restrainers, hardeners, contrast promoting agents, surfactants, and the like.
- Inorganic alkaline agents such as KOH, NaOH, and LiOH are added to the developer composition to obtain the desired pH which is usually higher than 10.
- the silver halide photographic element can be processed with a fixer of a typical composition for the application required.
- the fixing agents include thiosulfates, thiocyanates, sulfites, ammonium salts, and the like.
- the fixer composition can comprise other well known additives, such as, for example, acid compounds (e.g., metabisulfates), buffers (e.g., carbonic acid, acetic acid), hardeners (e.g., aluminum salts), tone improving agents, and the like.
- the exposed radiographic elements can be processed by any of the conventional processing techniques. Such processing techniques are illustrated for example in Research Disclosure , Item 17643, cited above, and Research Disclosure 36544 September 1994. Roller transport processing is particularly useful, such as those illustrated in US Pat. Nos. 3,025,779; 3,515,556; 3,545,971; and 3,647,459 and in UK Patent 1,269,268. Hardening development can be achieved, as illustrated in US Patent 3,232,761.
- a silver bromoiodide emulsion with an average grain equivalent diameter of 1.25 micron, an average grain thickness of 0.18 micron, a COV of 37 % and 0.9 percent iodide in mole respect to the total halide ions was prepared by double jet method.
- the emulsion was chemically and spectrally sensitized using sulfur, gold, mercury and palladium sensitizers plus a triethyl ammonium salt of 5,5'-dichloro-9-ethyl-3,3'-di-(3-sulfopropyl) oxacarbocyanine as spectral sensitization dye.
- the digest was performed about 120 to 130 minutes at 60° and stabilized successively with 200 mg of potassium iodide and 1366 mg of 5-methyl-7-hydroxy-2-3-4-triazoindolizine (4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene) before chilling.
- the sensitized silver halide emulsion was melted at 45°C and subjected to coating finals in laboratory.
- coating auxiliaries were added 1293 mg of calcium nitrate, 80 mg of azodicarboxylic dimorpholide, 18338 mg of polyethylacrylate (in dispersion at 20% in water plus 367 mg of lauryl sulfate), 66738 mg of dextran (manufactured by Pharmacosmos) as gel extender, 267 mg of Colanyl blueTM (manufactered by Hoechst Chemical Co.) as chromatic corrector.
- the pH was corrected to 6.3 before adding 3774 mg of SSMA copolymer (copolymer of Styrene sulfonic acid and maleic anhydride, manufactured by Aquaness Corp., Texas, USA).
- the resulting silver halide emulsion was immediately coated on the two faces of blue 7 mil polyester base code with a conventional antistatic top-coat containing hardening agents.
- the coating speed was 8.3 meters per minute and the covering weight was around 2.25 g of silver per m 2 per side.
- the fresh film sample was kept 3 days at 38°C before being subjected to iron (III) contamination. This was done by applying on one side and at the rate of 11.4 ml per square meter a solution containing 0.1% by weight ferric sulfate Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 as iron source, 1% standard gelatin (manufactured by Deutche Gelatin Fabrik AG, Germany) as coating auxiliary and 0.12% TritonTM X 100 as surfactant. This solution is coated on half surface of a 10 by 28 cm sheet with a Mayer bar number five. This method allows to ensure that a determined level of contaminant is present and to make discernible the compounds that are capable of removing defects caused by the contaminant.
- TritonTM is a non-ionic surfactant of the alkylphenoxyethylene type having the following formula:
- the contaminated film was dried and exposed to white light with a standard bromograph for 3/10 of second with filter number 8.
- the exposed films were processed through a 90 seconds dry to dry medical X-ray automatic processor type XP 515 (manufactured by IMATION Corp., MN, USA) with standard chemistry (XAD 3 developer and XAF 3 fixer, both manufactured by IMATION Corp., MN, USA).
- sample 1 The procedure of sample 1 is repeated, except that during addition of coating finals, 5 g of compound 1 (2,5-dihydroxybenzenesulfonic acid potassium salt) is added per one mole of silver, corresponding to 0.0219 moles of compound per mole of silver and 209 mg of compound per square meter of coated film.
- the iron contamination process is carried out in the same manner on the half sheet to determine the protection effect of compound 1. The results are reported in the following Table 1.
- sample 1 The procedure of sample 1 is repeated, except that during addition of coating finals, 7.55 g of compound 2 (2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzenedisulfonic acid dipotassium salt) is added per one mole of silver, corresponding to 0.0218 moles of compound per mole of silver and 315 mg of compound per square meter of coated film.
- the iron contamination process is carried out in the same manner on the half sheet to determine the protection effect of compound 2.
- the results are reported in the following Table 1.
- control sample 1 shows the desensitizing effect of 0.06 millimole per square meter of iron (III).
- invention samples 2 and 3 clearly show that the aryl compounds described in the present invention are able to reduce the negative effect of iron (III).
- sample 1 The procedure of sample 1 is repeated, except that the fresh film sample was kept 3 days at 38°C before being subjected to copper (II) contamination using 11.4 ml per m 2 of a solution containing 0.5% by weight cupric nitrate Cu(NO 3 ) 2 as copper source, 1% standard gelatin (manufactured by Deutsche Gelatin Fabrik AG, Germany) as coating auxiliary, 0.12% of TritonTM X 100 as surfactant coated on half the surface of a 10 by 28 cm sheet with a Mayer bar number five.
- the results are reported in the following Table 2.
- sample 4 The procedure of sample 4 is repeated, except that during addition of coating finals, 7.55 g of compound 2 (2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzenedisulfonic acid dipotassium salt) is added per one mole of silver, corresponding to 0.0218 moles of compound per mole of silver and 315 mg of compound per square meter of coated film.
- the copper contamination process is carried out in the same manner on the half sheet to determine the protection effect of compound 2.
- the results are reported in the following Table 2.
- control sample 7 shows the desensitization effect of 0.06 millimole per square meter of iron (III) on our system.
- the data of invention samples 8 to 13 clearly show that the aryl compounds described in the present invention are able to reduce the negative effect of iron (III).
- sample 1 The procedure of sample 1 is repeated, except that the film sample is subjected to iron (III) contamination using 23 ml per square meter of a solution containing 0.1% by weight ferric sulfate Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 as iron source, 1% of standard gelatin (manufactured by Deutsche Gelatin Fabrik AG, Germany) as coating auxiliary and 0.12% of TritonTM X 100 as surfactant.
- This solution is coated on half the surface of a 10 by 28 cm sheet with a Mayer bar number ten.
- Table 4 The results are reported in the following Table 4.
- the control sample 14 shows the desensitization effect of 0.12 millimole per square meter of iron (III).
- the data of invention samples 15 to 20 show the positive effects of the aryl compounds described in the present invention even when the contaminant is present in high proportion with respect to the aryl compounds.
- sample 1 The procedure of sample 1 is repeated, except that the fresh film sample was kept 3 days at 38°C before being subjected to copper (II) contamination using 11.4 ml per m 2 of a solution containing 0.125% by weight cupric nitrate Cu(NO 3 ) 2 as copper source, 1% standard gelatin (manufactured by Deutsche Gelatin Fabrik AG, Germany) as coating auxiliary, 0.12% of TritonTM X100 as surfactant coated on half the surface of a 10 by 28 cm sheet with a Mayer bar number five.
- the results are reported in the following Table 5.
- sample 21 The procedure of sample 21 is repeated, except that during addition of coating finals, 8.85 g of compound 2 (2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzenedisulfonic acid dipotassium salt) is added per one mole of silver, corresponding to 0.0256 moles of compound per mole of silver and 368 mg of compound per square meter of coated film.
- Table 5 Sample Compound Contaminant Amount (mmol/m2/side) ⁇ D% 21 (C) - 0.48 - 10.0 22 (I) 3 0.48 - 3.9 23 (I) 3 0.48 0 24 (I) 3 0.48 - 1.7 25 (I) 2 0.48 - 3.5 26 (I) 2 0.48 - 4.3 27 (I) 2 0.48 - 4.2
- control sample 21 shows the desensitization effect of 0.48 millimole per square meter of copper (II).
- the results of samples 22 to 27 clearly show that the aryl compounds described in the present invention are able to reduce the negative effect of copper (II).
- sample 1 The procedure of sample 1 was repeated, except that the emulsion was coated on the two faces of a contaminated 7 mil blue polyester base.
- the contamination was produced during the base manufacturing process by fine metallic iron and copper particles
- the fresh film sample was kept 3 days at 38°C before having been exposed to white light with a standard bromograph for 3/10 of second with filter number 5.
- sample 28 was repeated, except that during addition of coating finals, 7.543 g of compound 2 (2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzenedisulfonic acid dipotassium salt) is added per one mole of silver, corresponding to 0.0218 moles of compound per mole of silver and 314 mg of compound per square meter of coated film.
- Table 6 Sample Compound Contaminant Spot Number 28 (C) - Fe + Cu 224 29 (I) 2 Fe + Cu 16 30 (I) 2 Fe + Cu 8 31 (I) 2 Fe + Cu 18
- the control sample 28 shows a high number of spot defects due to iron and copper contamination during base preparation.
- the invention samples 29 to 31 clearly show that the aryl compounds described in the present invention are able to drastically reduce the number of defects. So, these compounds are able to efficiently prevent the formation of spot defects on a film prepared with a very highly contaminated base.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97116342A EP0903621A1 (fr) | 1997-09-19 | 1997-09-19 | Procédé pour la préparation d'un élément photographique à l'halogénure d'argent |
JP25995098A JPH11143013A (ja) | 1997-09-19 | 1998-09-14 | ハロゲン化銀写真材料の作製方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97116342A EP0903621A1 (fr) | 1997-09-19 | 1997-09-19 | Procédé pour la préparation d'un élément photographique à l'halogénure d'argent |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0903621A1 true EP0903621A1 (fr) | 1999-03-24 |
Family
ID=8227374
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97116342A Withdrawn EP0903621A1 (fr) | 1997-09-19 | 1997-09-19 | Procédé pour la préparation d'un élément photographique à l'halogénure d'argent |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0903621A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH11143013A (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5128256B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-07 | 2013-01-23 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | イムノクロマトグラフ方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3236652A (en) * | 1963-01-10 | 1966-02-22 | Eastman Kodak Co | Stabilized silver halide emulsions |
EP0339870A1 (fr) * | 1988-04-29 | 1989-11-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Nouveau agent anti-voile pour des sensibilisateurs polyalkylène glycole |
US5631126A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1997-05-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Epitaxially sensitized tabular grain emulsions containing speed/fog sulfodihydroxy aryl enhancing addenda |
-
1997
- 1997-09-19 EP EP97116342A patent/EP0903621A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-09-14 JP JP25995098A patent/JPH11143013A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3236652A (en) * | 1963-01-10 | 1966-02-22 | Eastman Kodak Co | Stabilized silver halide emulsions |
EP0339870A1 (fr) * | 1988-04-29 | 1989-11-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Nouveau agent anti-voile pour des sensibilisateurs polyalkylène glycole |
US5631126A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1997-05-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Epitaxially sensitized tabular grain emulsions containing speed/fog sulfodihydroxy aryl enhancing addenda |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH11143013A (ja) | 1999-05-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4883748A (en) | Negative silver halide photographic emulsion | |
US5290655A (en) | Method for forming an X-ray image | |
JPH06208194A (ja) | ゼラチンを含有する記録材料の製造方法 | |
JPH10301217A (ja) | マンモグラフイのための写真ハロゲン化銀材料 | |
EP0965880B1 (fr) | Elément photographique ayant rapport rapidité : Dmin amélioré et procédé pour sa fabrication | |
EP0903620B1 (fr) | Procédé pour la préparation d'un élément photographique à l'halogénure d'argent | |
EP0903621A1 (fr) | Procédé pour la préparation d'un élément photographique à l'halogénure d'argent | |
US6100020A (en) | Process for the preparation of silver halide photographic element | |
EP0838720B1 (fr) | Procédé de sensibilisation d'une émulsion photographique à l'halogénure d'argent | |
EP1300724B1 (fr) | Elément photographique ayant sensitométrie et résistance mécanique améliorées | |
JPH08334871A (ja) | 乳房造影法における迅速処理用のため増強された像品質を有するハロゲン化銀感光性写真スクリーンフィルムシステム | |
US6875565B2 (en) | Silver halide photographic emulsion and photographic element comprising it | |
JPH0522903B2 (fr) | ||
EP0943956A1 (fr) | Elément photographique à l'halogénure d'argent ayant une protection contre les taches et un rapport de sensibilité/Dmin amelioré | |
JPH0812387B2 (ja) | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 | |
EP0843209B1 (fr) | Procédé de préparation d'une émulsion à l'halogénure d'argent | |
USH874H (en) | Process for manufacturing a silver halide photographic material having a support and at least one hydrophilic colloid layer | |
JP3240532B2 (ja) | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 | |
JP2000321701A (ja) | 放射線感受性乳剤、感光性ハロゲン化銀写真フィルム材料及び放射線増感スクリーン−フィルム組合せ | |
JPH06250306A (ja) | レーザー記録医療用ハードコピー材料として使用するためのハロゲン化銀感光性写真材料及び処理方法 | |
JPH1184553A (ja) | 工業用放射線写真非破壊試験用途における多層ハロゲン化銀写真材料及び像形成法 | |
Dickerson | Forehardened photographic elements and their use in radiography | |
EP0735414A1 (fr) | Procédé de préparation d'une émulsion à grain tabulaire à l'halogenure d'argent monodisperse | |
JPH05273686A (ja) | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 | |
JPH07261302A (ja) | ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19990924 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Free format text: DE FR GB IT |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20000831 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20010313 |