EP0902828A1 - Compositions de graisses de lubrification - Google Patents

Compositions de graisses de lubrification

Info

Publication number
EP0902828A1
EP0902828A1 EP97925984A EP97925984A EP0902828A1 EP 0902828 A1 EP0902828 A1 EP 0902828A1 EP 97925984 A EP97925984 A EP 97925984A EP 97925984 A EP97925984 A EP 97925984A EP 0902828 A1 EP0902828 A1 EP 0902828A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
grease
hydrocarbon
mixture
polyalkyl ether
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97925984A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0902828B1 (fr
Inventor
Dirk Loderer
Dieter Sohn
Herbert Kardinal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Klueber Lubrication Muenchen GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Klueber Lubrication Muenchen GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Klueber Lubrication Muenchen GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Klueber Lubrication Muenchen GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0902828A1 publication Critical patent/EP0902828A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0902828B1 publication Critical patent/EP0902828B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/02—Mixtures of base-materials and thickeners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/36—Esters of polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/42—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/38—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M115/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof
    • C10M115/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M119/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M119/24—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
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    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
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    • C10M2201/042—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
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    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
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    • C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
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    • C10M2201/086—Chromium oxides, acids or salts
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    • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
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    • C10M2207/2825—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids used as base material
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/12—Partial amides of polycarboxylic acids
    • C10M2215/121—Partial amides of polycarboxylic acids used as thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/2206—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds used as thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
    • C10M2215/227—Phthalocyanines
    • C10M2215/2275—Phthalocyanines used as thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/044—Polyamides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/045—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to grease compositions made from a base oil mixture which consists of a hydrocarbon oil and a perfluorinated polyalkyl ether oil and a small proportion of thickener based on a diurea compound and conventional additives which are used at temperatures of more than 180 ° C. to 250 ° C. have a particularly noise-reducing behavior, and a method for producing these grease compositions.
  • Lubricants are used in vehicle technology, conveyor technology, mechanical engineering, office technology as well as in industrial plants and machines, but also in the areas of household machines and consumer electronics.
  • the lubricants ensure that a separating, load-transmitting lubricating film is built up between parts sliding or rolling on one another. This ensures that the metallic surfaces are not touch and therefore no wear occurs.
  • the lubricants must therefore meet various requirements, including:
  • extreme operating conditions such as very high and very low speeds and loads, high temperatures which are caused by high speeds and loads or by external heating, very low temperatures by low self-heating of the bearings in a cold environment or by intensive heat dissipation to the cold environment , special requirements of the user regarding the running properties, eg low friction, low noise, the requirement for extremely long running times without relubrication in the meantime, unfavorable ambient conditions and inadequate sealing of the bearing point, and
  • the noise characteristics of the lubricant are important parameters for the long service life of a grease-lubricated rolling bearing in the high temperature range.
  • a lubricating grease can stimulate vibrations in the rolling bearing during partial rotation (rollover, walking), which are "lubricant noises" in the frequency bands 300 to 1800 Hz and High 1800 to 10000 Hz, compared to the bearing noises in the frequency band Low at 50 to 300 Hz.
  • the lubricant noise is superimposed by the noise peaks which arise when hard particles are rolled over by the rolling elements in the form of shock pulses on the bearing ring.
  • noise behavior is assessed according to the SKF-Bequiet method, which is based on the statistical evaluation of the noise peaks and the assignment to noise classes BQ1 to BQ4.
  • the noise behavior and the service life of the rolling bearing deteriorate (H. Werries, E. Paland, FVA study on the subject of "low-noise lubricating grease", University of Hanover 1994).
  • 100% noise class BQ1 characterizes very good, and low percentages only in noise class BQ4 very bad noise behavior.
  • the better the noise behavior of a lubricating grease the lower the vibrations of the bearing which are forced by the lubricant. This is synonymous with a lower load on the rolling bearing and a longer service life of the bearing.
  • a lubricant composition which comprises a base oil such as trimethylolpropane pelargonate, pentaerythritol pelargonate, polyphenyl ether, perfluoroalkyl ether and mixtures thereof, and a thickener such as a di- or polyurea.
  • the diurea can be made from a diisocyanate and an amine such as octylamine and aniline.
  • the lubricant composition can contain boron nitride or polytetrafluoroethylene (solid lubricant) and additives.
  • European patent application EP-A 94 118 667.8 describes lubricating greases which are based on a mineral or a synthetic oil based on hydrocarbons, thickened with a perfluorinated polyalkyl ether with an organic or an inorganic thickener.
  • the weight ratios of lubricating oil and perfluorinated polyalkyl ether / thickener are in the range from 97: 3 to 80:20 and the ratio of lubricating oil / perfluorinated polyalkyl ether is in the range from 95: 5 to 60:40.
  • lubricating greases extend the operating time at a service temperature of 170 ° C to 175 ° C when the perfluorinated polyalkyl ether component is admixed.
  • Low-noise lubricating greases are known from US Pat. No. 5,145,591, which are based on thermally stable polyphenyl ethers, alkylated phenyl ethers, polyol esters and aromatic carboxylic acids, which are compressed with 5 to 30% by weight of di- and / or polyureas, which are used in the above Operating temperatures of 180 ° C according to DIN 51 825 can be used.
  • greases For use temperatures above 180 ° C, greases must be used which are based entirely on perfluorinated polyalkyl ethers thickened with PTFE, inorganic thickeners such as bentonites, aerosols or metal soaps or metal complex soaps , are used.
  • the aim of the invention is to provide a lubricant composition which meets the above-mentioned requirements, can be used in particular under high temperature conditions and has very good noise behavior, and has long running times and essentially no wear and tear on the rolling bearing.
  • a lubricating grease composition consisting of a mixture of an oil based on hydrocarbons, a perfluorinated polyalkyl ether oil and a diurea as a thickening agent and conventional additives is provided.
  • the hydrocarbon-based oil is made from an ester of an aromatic di-, tri- or tetracarboxylic acid, with one or a mixture of C 7 to C 22 alcohols, a polyphenyl ether or alkylated polyphenyether, an ester of trimethylolopropane, pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol aliphatic C 7 to C 22 carboxylic acids, C 18 dimeric acid esters with C 7 to C 22 alcohols, complex esters, prepared as individual components or in any mixture.
  • the perfluorinated polyalkyl ethers of the grease compositions according to the invention have the general formula
  • a '' is the same as A 'or is different -CF 3 , -C 2 F 5 , -C 3 F 7 , -CF 2 T, where TH corresponds to Cl, and v, w, x, y and z are integers ⁇ O are.
  • the perfluorinated polyalkyletherols which are preferably used are thermally stable oils with low evaporation rates at 200 ° C., such as commercially available aflunox, fomblin, crytox or demnum oils which are used in the grease compositions according to the invention.
  • the grease compositions that meet the requirements in the high temperature range can only be produced with perfluorinated polyalkyl ethers.
  • the lubricating grease compositions according to the invention contain customary additives against corrosion, oxidation and for protection against metal influences, which act as chelate compounds, radical
  • the lubricating grease compositions according to the invention are mixed in a ratio of greater than 60/40 of hydrocarbon-based oil and perfluorinated polyalkyl ether oil and thickened with 5 to 30% by weight of the diurea compound and contain up to 10% by weight of additives and / or up to 10% by weight of organic or inorganic solid lubricants.
  • These solid lubricants can e.g. Polyimides, PTFE, graphite, metal oxides, boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide or phosphates.
  • the viscosity of the hydrocarbon-based oil is in the range from 100 to 500 mm a / s and that of the perfluorinated polyalkyl ether oil is 10 to 1500 mm 2 / s.
  • the grease compositions have dropping points according to DIN ISO 2176 of> 240 ° C and are suitable according to DIN 51825 for upper service temperatures up to 250 ° C.
  • the grease compositions according to the invention are obtained either by mixing the hydrocarbon-based oil thickened with diurea with the perfluorinated polyalkyl ether oil and then homogenizing it via a high-pressure homogenizer and / or three-roller mill, or by mixing the hydrocarbon-based oil with the perfluorinated polyalkyl ether oil and is thickened in this mixture by synthesis of the diurea compound and then homogenized using a high-pressure homogenizer and / or three-roll mill.
  • the invention is illustrated by the following examples.
  • the fat is homogenized by a single high-pressure homogenization and subsequent rolling on a three-roll mill. In this way, a grease of NLGI class 2 according to DIN ISO 2137 is obtained. This grease obtained in this way is tested on a noise test bench. A particularly low-noise behavior was measured compared to commercially available lubricating greases.
  • the grease composition was prepared analogously to Example 2, with the exception that the oil mixture presented consisted of 800 g of ester oil and 800 g of perfluorinated polyalkyl ether.
  • the grease composition was prepared analogously to Example 2, with the exception that the oil mixture presented consisted of 800 g of ester oil and 500 g of perfluorinated polyalkyl ether.
  • the grease composition was prepared analogously to Example 2, with the exception that the oil mixture presented consisted of 800 g of ester oil and 200 g of perfluorinated polyalkyl ether.
  • the grease composition was prepared as in Example 2, with the exception that the 800 g of espresso no perfluorinated polyalkyl ether was added. In this way, a grease of NLGI class 2 according to DIN ISO 2137 with particularly low-noise behavior is obtained.
  • Example 6 The grease composition of Example 6 was placed her ⁇ , with the exception that instead of 800 g Esteröl from trimellitic acid and C 8 - and C 10 alcohols Esteröl 800 g of pyromellitic acid and C 8 - and C were used 10 alcohols.
  • PFPE perfluorinated polyalkyl ether
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Table 1 shows the measurement results with regard to the noise test of the grease compositions according to DIN ISO 2137 prepared according to Examples 1 to 8.
  • Table 2 shows the weight ratios of the grease compositions of Examples 1 to 8.
  • Tables 1 and 2 show that the lubricating grease B6 based on an ester oil thickened with diurea exceeds the requirements for an upper operating temperature of 180 ° C according to DIN 51825 by a factor of 5, but the criterion of an L 50 running time of at least 100 hours according to DIN 51825 on the FAG FE-9 roller bearing testing machine at 200 ° C is not nearly fulfilled.
  • the criterion of an upper service temperature of 200 ° C. is only met with thermally very stable diurea chains based on pyromellitic acid esters (B7).
  • Table 3 shows that by adding perfluorinated polyalkyl ether oil an upper service temperature of 220 ° C according to DIN 51825 can only be reached if the mass fraction of perfluorinated polyalkyl ether in oil mixture with lubricating oil based on hydrocarbons is over 40% by weight.
  • Table 1 also shows that the grease compositions according to the invention show better noise behavior than a commercially available grease composition (comparative example B8).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
EP97925984A 1996-06-07 1997-06-05 Compositions de graisses de lubrification Expired - Lifetime EP0902828B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19622906A DE19622906A1 (de) 1996-06-07 1996-06-07 Schmierfettzusammensetzungen
DE19622906 1996-06-07
PCT/EP1997/002927 WO1997047710A1 (fr) 1996-06-07 1997-06-05 Compositions de graisses de lubrification

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0902828A1 true EP0902828A1 (fr) 1999-03-24
EP0902828B1 EP0902828B1 (fr) 2001-08-22

Family

ID=7796398

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97925984A Expired - Lifetime EP0902828B1 (fr) 1996-06-07 1997-06-05 Compositions de graisses de lubrification

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US6265362B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0902828B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4098831B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE204601T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU734890B2 (fr)
BG (1) BG63604B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9709645A (fr)
CA (1) CA2257368C (fr)
DE (2) DE19622906A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0902828T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2159867T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK1018959A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW509720B (fr)
WO (1) WO1997047710A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU761760B2 (en) * 1998-02-17 2003-06-12 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Lubricating grease composition and preparation
GB9803367D0 (en) 1998-02-17 1998-04-15 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricating grease composition and preparation
NL1009410C2 (nl) * 1998-06-15 1999-12-16 Skf Eng & Res Centre Bv Smeersysteem.
JP4780363B2 (ja) * 2001-06-12 2011-09-28 株式会社ジェイテクト 潤滑グリース組成物
US7196042B2 (en) * 2002-03-07 2007-03-27 Nsk Ltd. Grease composition and rolling apparatus
EP1602175B1 (fr) 2003-03-11 2007-08-29 Fujitsu Limited Circuit a boucle a phase asservie
JP4515775B2 (ja) * 2003-04-30 2010-08-04 Ｎｔｎ株式会社 低高温用潤滑グリースおよび転がり軸受
EP1626061A1 (fr) * 2004-08-11 2006-02-15 Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH Procédé de fabrication de polyurées pulvérulentes.
JP4784092B2 (ja) * 2004-12-28 2011-09-28 Ｎｏｋクリューバー株式会社 潤滑グリース組成物
WO2010098337A1 (fr) 2009-02-27 2010-09-02 Ntn株式会社 Composition de graisse, palier enduit de graisse, joint de cardan pour arbre de transmission, composition d'huile de lubrification, et palier fritté imprégné d'huile
US20180245010A1 (en) * 2015-08-20 2018-08-30 Setral Chemie Gmbh Lubricating grease composition
JP7298916B2 (ja) * 2020-02-07 2023-06-27 株式会社ニッペコ グリース組成物
DE102020112993A1 (de) 2020-05-13 2021-11-18 Klüber Lubrication München Se & Co. Kg Lithiumkomplexhybridfett

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IT1228655B (it) * 1989-02-09 1991-06-27 Ausimont Srl Perfluoropolieteri aventi proprieta' antirust utili quali componenti o additivi di olii e grassi lubrificanti.
DE3918107A1 (de) * 1989-06-02 1990-12-06 Klueber Lubrication Schmierfettzusammensetzung
US5145591A (en) * 1989-07-07 1992-09-08 Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. Diurea grease composition
JP2799634B2 (ja) * 1991-03-07 1998-09-21 日本石油株式会社 等速ジョイント用グリース組成物
IT1251577B (it) * 1991-10-02 1995-05-17 Ausimont Spa Olii e grassi lubrificanti.
GB9205726D0 (en) * 1992-03-16 1992-04-29 British Petroleum Co Plc Lubricating oil composition
EP0657524B1 (fr) * 1993-12-01 1999-03-31 AUSIMONT S.p.A. Graisses à base d'huiles minérales ou synthétiques hydrogenées ayant des propriétés améliorées

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW509720B (en) 2002-11-11
HK1018959A1 (en) 2000-01-14
ATE204601T1 (de) 2001-09-15
BG102993A (en) 1999-08-31
WO1997047710A1 (fr) 1997-12-18
CA2257368C (fr) 2002-10-08
BR9709645A (pt) 2000-01-25
CA2257368A1 (fr) 1997-12-18
BG63604B1 (bg) 2002-06-28
JP2000514105A (ja) 2000-10-24
AU3093997A (en) 1998-01-07
AU734890B2 (en) 2001-06-28
DE19622906A1 (de) 1997-12-11
DK0902828T3 (da) 2001-10-01
EP0902828B1 (fr) 2001-08-22
ES2159867T3 (es) 2001-10-16
US6265362B1 (en) 2001-07-24
DE59704374D1 (de) 2001-09-27
JP4098831B2 (ja) 2008-06-11

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