EP0902324A1 - Farbkinofilm mit digitalem Ausgang - Google Patents

Farbkinofilm mit digitalem Ausgang Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0902324A1
EP0902324A1 EP98202946A EP98202946A EP0902324A1 EP 0902324 A1 EP0902324 A1 EP 0902324A1 EP 98202946 A EP98202946 A EP 98202946A EP 98202946 A EP98202946 A EP 98202946A EP 0902324 A1 EP0902324 A1 EP 0902324A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
color
record
green
silver halide
sensitive
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EP98202946A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0902324B1 (de
Inventor
John Charles Brewer
James Parker Merrill
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/3041—Materials with specific sensitometric characteristics, e.g. gamma, density
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C2200/00—Details
    • G03C2200/26—Gamma
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C2200/00—Details
    • G03C2200/41—Movie

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a color motion picture print silver halide photographic film, and more particularly to such a film which is enhanced for use with digital film output devices either directly, or as a print material for electronically generated film intermediates or printing masters.
  • the invention expands the range of tone and color reproductions that may be realizable from computer generated images (CGI), digital manipulations of scanned film samples or manipulations of images captured with digital devices.
  • CGI computer generated images
  • Color negative origination silver halide photographic films are a class of photosensitive materials that map the luminance (neutral) and chrominance (color) information of a scene to complementary tonal and hue polarities in the negative film.
  • luminance neutral
  • chrominance color
  • Colored areas of the scene are typically recorded as complementary colors in the color negative film: red is recorded as cyan, green is recorded as magenta, blue is recorded as yellow, etc.
  • a subsequent process is necessary to reverse the luminance and chrominance information back to those of the original scene.
  • one such subsequent process is to optically print (by contact or optics) the color negative film onto another negative working photosensitive silver halide material which produces dye images upon exposure and development, such as a motion picture silver halide print film, to produce a color positive image suitable for projection.
  • color print silver halide photographic materials such as EASTMAN EXR Color Print Film 5386TM
  • EASTMAN EXR Color Print Film 5386TM have been optimized to yield pleasing projected prints when used in conjunction with color negative origination silver halide photographic materials as discussed above. That is, the sensitometric properties of print materials are co-optimized by considering the properties of the printing device to be used and the nature of a representative color negative tonescale to be printed, such as that of KODAK VISION 500T Color Negative Film 5279TM.
  • KODAK VISION 500T Color Negative Film 5279TM When a motion picture color negative is printed on motion picture color print stock, the sensitometric properties of the two materials combine to yield an acceptable scene reproduction in the print film when projected on a theater screen.
  • the contrasts for each color record of the negative film and print film designed for producing optical prints are conventionally maintained within certain ranges (e.g., mid-scale contrasts of about 0.45-0.7 for negative films and about 2.5-3.1 for print films), as too low a contrast may result in production of flat-looking positive print images with black tones rendered as smokey-grey and white tones rendered as light gray, while too high a contrast may result in poor flesh tone reproductions and loss of shadow detail. Pictures such as these would not be pleasing to view and would be deemed to be of low quality in the industry.
  • Additional special image processing techniques are also known in the art for raising black density levels in conventional photographic silver halide print materials, such as by-passing the bleach step present in normal print processing so as to retain developed silver (see, e.g., B. Bergery, "Reflections: The Lab, Part II", American Cinematographer, May 1993, pp. 74-78).
  • the retained silver increases print opacity yielding higher black densities, but with an accompanying loss of color saturation.
  • non-standard processing is burdensome and impractical.
  • Digital image data obtained directly or by scanning optical (analog) images with a digital film scanner, can be extensively manipulated, using computer processing and look-up table mapping, before recording back out onto film (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,659, and J. E. Boyd, J. Appl. Photo. Eng., Vol 8, 1982, pp15-22).
  • digital image data may conveniently be recorded on a motion picture intermediate negative film, such as EASTMAN Color Intermediate Films 2244, 5244, and 7244, with a digital film recorder such as a CINEON LIGHTING Digital Film Recorder.
  • Digital film recorders e.g. CINEON LIGHTNING Digital Film Recorder
  • digital modified negatives e.g., on EASTMAN Color Intermediate Films 2244, 5244, and 7244
  • color photographic silver halide print films which are used in conjunction with digitally created or modified output material are typically the same as those that have been optimized for the direct or release optical printing of color photographic silver halide negative films.
  • Such motion picture silver halide photographic print stocks are accordingly designed with latitudes commensurate for use with typical color negative photographic film dynamic ranges, typically 1.5 printing density or less.
  • One embodiment of the invention comprises a silver halide light sensitive photographic print element comprising a support bearing on one side thereof: a blue color sensitive record comprising at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion yellow-image forming layer, a red color sensitive record comprising at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion cyan-image forming layer, and a green color sensitive record comprising at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion magenta-image forming layer; wherein the overall contrast (OC) of the green record is greater than 1.9, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0, and most preferably greater than or equal to 2.2, and the mid-scale contrast (MSC) of the green record is 3.2 or more, wherein the parameter OC for each of the color records is defined as the slope of a straight line connecting a point B and a point C on the characteristic curve of Equivalent Neutral Density versus log Exposure for the color record, where points B and C are located by defining a point A on the characteristic curve at the log Expo
  • a further embodiment of the invention comprises a process of forming an image in a motion picture silver halide light sensitive photographic print element comprising: (a) digitally exposing a photographic light sensitive element according to digital image data using a digital film recording device to form a color negative film record, and printing the negative film record on the silver halide light sensitive photographic print element to form an exposed print element, or (b) directly exposing the silver halide light sensitive photographic print element according to digital image data with a digital film recording device; and processing the exposed photographic print element resulting from (a) or (b) to form a developed image; wherein the print element comprises a support bearing on one side thereof: a blue color sensitive record comprising at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion yellow-image forming layer, a red color sensitive record comprising at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion cyan-image forming layer, and a green color sensitive record comprising at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion magenta-image forming layer; wherein the overall
  • the elements of the invention and the elements used in the process of the invention have corresponding red and blue OC values which are at least 90% of the green values, and MSC values within ⁇ 10% of the green values, enabling the production of outstanding projected images having black densities and with digital assistance, optimal mid-scale contrasts which together cannot be easily obtained with traditionally designed color print films.
  • color print film silver halide photographic elements with Overall Contrast (OC) values above those of conventional color print films can be used in conjunction with digital recorder output and show benefits not previously available.
  • color print films having OC in the green record greater than 1.9, more preferably greater than or equal to 2.0 and most preferably greater than 2.2, and preferably also having corresponding red and blue values which are at least 90% of the green values enable the production of outstanding projected images having black densities and optimal mid-scale contrasts that cannot be obtained with traditionally designed color print films.
  • films with high OC values and also relatively high mid-scale contrast (MSC) values which result in traditional S-shaped characteristic curves have additional benefits resulting from their simple formulations.
  • the sensitometric short-comings can be compensated for by way of digital look-up tables (LUTS). This results in the added benefit of manufacturing ease, as S-shaped curves can be obtained with one or two emulsions per color record whereas highly non-linear sensitometric curves typically require more complex film structures.
  • the invention provides high dynamic range display capability for electronically modified or originated images in a light sensitive silver halide photographic motion picture print material.
  • the photographic print film elements of the present invention are color elements and contain dye image-forming units sensitive to each of the three primary regions of the spectrum, i.e. blue (about 400 to 500 nm), green (about 500 to 600 nm), and red (about 600 to 760 nm) sensitive image dye-forming units.
  • Each unit can be comprised of a single emulsion layer or of multiple emulsion layers sensitive to a given region of the spectrum.
  • the layers of the element, including the layers of the image-forming units can be arranged in various orders as known in the art.
  • the emulsions sensitive to each of the three primary regions of the spectrum can be disposed as a single segmented layer.
  • a typical multicolor photographic print element comprises a support bearing a yellow dye image-forming unit comprising at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least one yellow dye-forming coupler, a cyan dye image-forming unit comprised of at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least one cyan dye-forming coupler, and a magenta dye image-forming unit comprising at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least one magenta dye-forming coupler.
  • Each of the cyan, magenta, and yellow image forming units may be comprised of a single light-sensitive layer, a pack of two light-sensitive layers with one being more light sensitive and the other being less light-sensitive, or a pack of three or more light-sensitive layers of varying light-sensitivity. These layers can be combined in any order depending upon the specific features designed in the photographic element.
  • the element can contain additional layers, such as filter layers, interlayers, overcoat layers, subbing layers, antihalation layers, antistatic layers, and the like.
  • the parameter OC for each of the color records of a print element is determined by locating the log exposure value associated with 1.0 Equivalent Neutral Density on the characteristic curve (point A on the curve, corresponding to a normally exposed 18% gray card) for the record and establishing a point B on the curve, 1.1 log E lower in value and a point C on the curve, 0.9 log E higher in exposure. (This log E range corresponds to the 2.0 printing density range currently possible with commercial laser film recorders.) OC is the two point contrast line BC.
  • MSC mid-scale contrast value
  • Color print films designed for use with conventionally exposed negatives and projection viewing generally provide OC values for each of their color records of about 1.8 or less, typically about 1.7, and green MSC of about 3.15 or less, typically about 2.85, in order to yield pleasing projected prints from color negative origination films (red and blue MSC values are typically ⁇ 10% of green MSC values).
  • black Equivalent Neutral Densities i.e., visual densities
  • color-coupled print stock generally provide OC values for each of their color records of about 1.8 or less, typically about 1.7, and green MSC of about 3.15 or less, typically about 2.85, in order to yield pleasing projected prints from color negative origination films (red and blue MSC values are typically ⁇ 10% of green MSC values).
  • black Equivalent Neutral Densities i.e., visual densities
  • the required parameters can be achieved by various techniques, examples of which are described below. These techniques are preferably applied to each color record of a silver halide photographic element so that all color records will meet the requirements of the present invention.
  • the contrast position exhibited in films according to the invention may be accomplished by any combination of formulations changes such as increased laydowns of silver or image coupler, blend ratio changes of high and low speed emulsions, decreased laydowns of image modifying chemistry such as development inhibitor releasing (DIR) or development inhibitor anchimeric releasing (DIAR) couplers, and blend ratio changes of more-active and less-active image couplers. All of these film design tools are well known in the art.
  • the silver halide emulsions employed in the elements of this invention will be negative-working emulsions. Suitable silver halide emulsions and their preparation as well as methods of chemical and spectral sensitization are described in Sections I, and III-IV. Vehicles and vehicle related addenda are described in Section II. Dye image formers and modifiers are described in Section X. Various additives such as UV dyes, brighteners, luminescent dyes, antifoggants, stabilizers, light absorbing and scattering materials, coating aids, plasticizers, lubricants, antistats and matting agents are described, for example, in Sections VI-IX. Layers and layer arrangements, color negative and color positive features, scan facilitating features, supports, exposure and processing conditions can be found in Sections XI-XX.
  • the materials and processes described in an article titled "Typical and Preferred Color Paper, Color Negative, and Color Reversal Photographic Elements and Processing," published in Research Disclosure , February 1995, Item 37038 also may be advantageously used with elements of the invention.
  • the print elements of the invention may comprise antihalation and antistatic layers and associated compositions as set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,723,272, 5,650,265, and 5,679,505.
  • Photographic light-sensitive print elements of the invention may utilize silver halide emulsion image forming layers wherein chloride, bromide and/or iodide are present alone or as mixtures or combinations of at least two halides.
  • the combinations significantly influence the performance characteristics of the silver halide emulsion.
  • Print elements are typically distinguished from camera negative elements by the use of high chloride (e.g., greater than 50 mole% chloride) silver halide emulsions containing no or only a minor amount of bromide (typically 10 to 40 mole %), which are also typically substantially free of iodide.
  • high chloride e.g., greater than 50 mole% chloride
  • bromide typically 10 to 40 mole %
  • high chloride silver halides are more soluble than high bromide silver halide, thereby permitting development to be achieved in shorter times. Furthermore, the release of chloride into the developing solution has less restraining action on development compared to bromide and iodide and this allows developing solutions to be utilized in a manner that reduces the amount of waste developing solution. Since print films are intended to be exposed by a controlled light source, the imaging speed gain which would be associated with high bromide emulsions and/or iodide incorporation offers little benefit for such print films.
  • Photographic print elements are also distinguished from camera negative elements in that print elements typically comprise only fine silver halide emulsions comprising grains having an average equivalent circular diameter (ECD) of less than about 1 micron, where the ECD of a grain is the diameter of a circle having the area equal to the projected area of a grain.
  • ECDs of silver halide emulsion grains are usually less than 0.60 micron in red and green sensitized layers and less than 0.90 micron in blue sensitized layers of a color photographic print element.
  • Such fine grain emulsions used in print elements generally have an aspect ratio of less than 1.3, where the aspect ratio is the ratio of a grain's ECD to its thickness, although higher aspect ratio grains may also be used.
  • Such grains may take any regular shapes, such as cubic, octahedral or cubooctahedral (i.e., tetradecahedral) grains, or the grains can take other shapes attributable to ripening, twinning, screw dislocations, etc.
  • print element emulsions grains are bounded primarily by ⁇ 100 ⁇ crystal faces, since ⁇ 100 ⁇ grain faces are exceptionally stable. Specific examples of high chloride emulsions used for preparing photographic prints are provided in U.S. Patents 4,865,962; 5,252,454; and 5,252,456.
  • Photographic print films which comprise relatively small grain, high chloride emulsions (e.g., emulsions having average grain size equivalent circular diameters of less than about 1 micron and halide contents of greater than 50 mole % chloride) as discussed above in order to optimize print image quality and enable rapid processing typically result in relatively low speed photographic elements in comparison to camera negative origination films. Low speed is compensated for by the use of relatively high intensity print lamps or lasers for exposing such print elements.
  • motion picture color print films e.g., when rated using the same international standards criteria used for rating camera negative films, would typically have an ISO speed rating of less than 10, which is several stops slower than the slowest camera negative films in current use.
  • Couplers that may be used in the elements of the invention can be defined as being 4-equivalent or 2-equivalent depending on the number of atoms of Ag + required to form one molecule of dye.
  • a 4-equivalent coupler can generally be converted into a 2-equivalent coupler by replacing a hydrogen at the coupling site with a different coupling-off group.
  • Coupling-off groups are well known in the art. Such groups can modify the reactivity of the coupler. Such groups can advantageously affect the layer in which the coupler is coated, or other layers in the photographic recording material, by performing, after release from the coupler, functions such as dye formation, dye hue adjustment, development acceleration or inhibition, bleach acceleration or inhibition, electron transfer facilitation, color correction and the like.
  • coupling-off groups include, for example, chloro, alkoxy, aryloxy, hetero-oxy, sulfonyloxy, acyloxy, acyl, heterocyclyl, sulfonamido, mercaptotetrazole, benzothiazole, alkylthio (such as mercaptopropionic acid), arylthio, phosphonyloxy and arylazo.
  • alkylthio such as mercaptopropionic acid
  • arylthio phosphonyloxy and arylazo.
  • Image dye-forming couplers may be included in elements of the invention such as couplers that form cyan dyes upon reaction with oxidized color developing agents which are described in such representative patents and publications as: U.S. Patents 2,367,531; 2,423,730; 2,474,293; 2,772,162; 2,895,826; 3,002,836; 3,034,892; 3,041,236; 4,883,746 and "Farbkuppler - Eine Literature Ubersicht,” published in Agfa Mitannonen, Band III, pp. 156-175 (1961).
  • couplers are phenols and naphthols that form cyan dyes on reaction with oxidized color developing agent.
  • Couplers that form magenta dyes upon reaction with oxidized color developing agent which can be incorporated in elements of the invention are described in such representative patents and publications as: U.S. Patents 2,600,788; 2,369,489; 2,343,703; 2,311,082; 2,908,573; 3,062,653; 3,152,896; 3,519,429 and "Farbkuppler - Eine Literature Ubersicht,” published in Agfa Mitannonen, Band III, pp. 126-156 (1961).
  • couplers are pyrazolones, pyrazolotriazoles, or pyrazolobenzimidazoles that form magenta dyes upon reaction with oxidized color developing agents.
  • Especially preferred couplers are 1H-pyrazolo [5,1-c]-1,2,4-triazole and 1H-pyrazolo [1,5-b]-1,2,4-triazole.
  • Examples of 1H-pyrazolo [5,1-c]-1,2,4-triazole couplers are described in U.K. Patent Nos. 1,247,493; 1,252,418; 1,398,979; U.S. Patents 4,443,536; 4,514,490; 4,540,654; 4,590,153; 4,665,015; 4,822,730; 4,945,034; 5,017,465; and 5,023,170.
  • 1H-pyrazolo [1,5-b]-1,2,4-triazoles can be found in European Patent Applications 176,804; 177,765; U.S. Patents 4,659,652; 5,066,575; and 5,250,400.
  • Couplers that form yellow dyes upon reaction with oxidized color developing agent and which are useful in elements of the invention are described in such representative patents and publications as: U.S. Patents 2,875,057; 2,407,210; 3,265,506; 2,298,443; 3,048,194; 3,447,928 and "Farbkuppler - Eine Literature Ubersicht,” published in Agfa Mitannonen, Band III, pp. 112-126 (1961).
  • Such couplers are typically open chain ketomethylene compounds.
  • yellow couplers such as described in, for example, European Patent Application Nos. 482,552; 510,535; 524,540; 543,367; and U.S. Patent 5,238,803.
  • ballast groups include substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl groups containing 8 to 40 carbon atoms.
  • substituents on such groups include alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, hydroxy, halogen, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxcarbonyl, carboxy, acyl, acyloxy, amino, anilino, carbonamido (also known as acylamino), carbamoyl, alkylsulfonyl, arysulfonyl, sulfonamido, and sulfamoyl groups wherein the substituents typically contain 1 to 40 carbon atoms. Such substituents can also be further substituted. Alternatively, the molecule can be made immobile by attachment to a polymeric backbone.
  • Couplers any of which may contain known ballasts or coupling-off groups such as those described in U.S. Patents 4,301,235; 4,853,319 and 4,351,897.
  • the photographic elements of the invention can be used in conjunction with an applied magnetic layer as described in Research Disclosure ,
  • Photographic elements of the present invention are motion picture print film elements. Such elements typically have a width of up to 100 millimeters (or only up to 70 or 50 millimeters), and a length of at least 30 meters (or optionally at least 100 or 200 meters).
  • the original record to be reproduced is preferably an image composed of sub-records having radiation patterns in different regions of the spectrum. Typically it will be a multicolor record composed of sub-records formed from cyan, magenta and yellow dyes.
  • print films are exposed either directly in accordance with digitally generated or modified electronic image data, or through a negative photographic record which has been exposed in accordance with digitally generated or modified electronic image data.
  • the elements of the present invention may be optically exposed to the negative photographic record under normal printing conditions which may be indicated with the film or other manufacturer recommendations, and in both cases the exposed print film may be processed according to standard processing conditions indicated with the film or its packaging.
  • This is advantageous in that the film user need not experiment with various development or print exposing conditions in order to obtain a desired contrast position, as the ultimate contrast in the resulting print film may be controlled by digitally controlling the exposure of the negative photographic record.
  • the film of the present invention is preferably simply printed and processed according to standard procedures, and the advantages of the film are obtained. Alternative processing techniques, however, can also be used with films according to the invention if desired.
  • the designation in relation to the film printing and processing conditions, means that some designation is provided on the film or its packaging or associated with one or the other, which allows the user to ascertain the manufacturer's recommended printing and/or film processing conditions.
  • a designation can be an actual statement of the recommended printing or processing conditions or reference to a well-known standard method (for example, the Kodak ECP-2B process for motion picture print films).
  • a designation can be a film identification designation (such as a number or film name) which allows a user to match the film with the manufacturer's recommended printing or processing conditions (such as from a catalogue, brochure or other source).
  • a multilayer composition for a comparison print element having relatively low OC and MSC values in accordance with prior art practice was prepared by coating the following layers on a gelatin subbed polyethylene terephthalate support with rem-jet carbon black containing backing layer (Element 101).
  • a multilayer photographic print element having relatively high OC and MSC values in accordance with one embodiment of the invention was also prepared by generally increasing the silver and coupler laydown levels as indicated. All units unless otherwise specified are in mg/m 2 :
  • a second multilayer photographic print element (Element 103) having relatively high OC values which may be used in the processes in accordance with the invention was prepared by coating the following layers on a gelatin subbed polyethylene terephthalate support.
  • Element 103 is designed with three emulsion blends in each of the color records to maintain relatively low MSC values to also enable pleasing prints from negative film records obtained without any digital manipulation.
  • Each element also contained bis-vinylsulfonylmethane (BVSM) as a gelatin hardener.
  • BVSM bis-vinylsulfonylmethane
  • Couplers were dispersed with high-boiling coupler solvents and/or auxiliary solvents in accordance with conventional practice in the art.
  • the process consisted of a prebath (10''), water rinse (20''), color developer (3'), stop bath (40''), first wash (40''), first fix (40''), second wash (40''), bleach (1'), third wash (40''), second fix (40''), fourth wash (1'), final rinse (10''), and then drying with hot air.
  • the ECP-2B Prebath consists of: Water 800 mL Borax (decahydrate) 20.0 g Sodium sulfate (anhydrous) 100.0 g Sodium hydroxide 1.0 g Water to make 1 liter pH @ 26.7°C is 9.25 +/- 0.10
  • the ECP-2B Color Developer consists of: Water 900 mL Kodak Anti-Calcium, No.
  • Processing of the exposed elements was done with the color developing solution adjusted to 36.7°C.
  • the stopping, fixing, bleaching, washing, and final rinsing solution temperatures were adjusted to 26.7°C.
  • the films were then read for Status A densitometry, and converted to equivalent neutral densitometry using the method as described in the article "Procedures for Equivalent-Neutral-Density (END) Calibration of Color Densitometers Using a Digital Computer", by Albert J. Sant, in the Photographic Science and Engineering, Vol. 14, Number 5, September-October 1970, pg. 356-362.
  • the Equivalent Neutral Densities were graphed vs. log(exposure) to form Red, Green, and Blue D-LogE characteristic curves for each of the Elements, and overall contrast (OC) and mid-scale contrast (MSC) values were determined for each color record.
  • Table 1 summarizes the overall contrast of the print materials.
  • OC Equivalent Neutral Density at + 0.9 log E from 1.0 END
  • END Equivalent Neutral Density at 0.9 log E exposure over the exposure required for 1.0 END is also indicated for each color record.
  • the high OC values and corresponding high END values at 0.9 log E above 1.0 END for elements 102 and 103 make such films particularly suitable for use with digitally created or modified image data, as such films may be used to take full advantage of the 2.0 dynamic printing density range possible with negative film records created with digital film recorders in accordance with processes of the invention.
  • Elements 101, 104 and 105 are illustrative of conventional silver halide photographic print films optimized for traditional printing of camera negatives.
  • the relatively low OC values and END values at 0.9 log E above 1.0 END result in films which are unable to take full advantage of a 2.0 dynamic printing density range.
  • MSC mid-scale contrast
  • Element 102 exhibits relatively high MSC values in addition to high OC values in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. While such films are advantageous with respect to ease of manufacture and robustness, such films in general will not produce a desirable reproduction when used as a traditional print stock in combination with a conventionally exposed and processed color negative film record, as flesh tones would appear too harsh due to the high mid-scale contrast. For the printing of images which have undergone digital manipulation in accordance with the invention, however, such films may be used to result in pleasing print images as the digital data for such images may be modified through use of look-up tables to compensate for the relatively high mid-scale contrast.
  • Element 103 satisfies the necessary OC criterion for use in processes in accordance with the invention, but is also formulated to maintain a relatively low mid-scale contrast similar to conventional film Elements 101, 104 and 105 optimized for traditional printing of camera negatives. While beneficial for conventional optical printing of non-digitally created or modified color negative records, the curve shape defined by a high overall contrast and a relatively low mid-scale contrast for such film is not required for the printing of images which have undergone digital manipulation, as the digital data for such images may be modified through use of look-up tables to compensate for a relatively high mid-scale contrast to result in pleasing print images. In fact, such a curve shape may require the use of three or more emulsions per color record in order to obtain such combination of contrasts, an unnecessary complexity for this application.

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EP98202946A 1997-09-15 1998-09-03 Farbkinofilm mit digitalem Ausgang Expired - Lifetime EP0902324B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US929962 1997-09-15
US08/929,962 US5891607A (en) 1997-09-15 1997-09-15 Color motion picture print film for use with digital output

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EP0902324A1 true EP0902324A1 (de) 1999-03-17
EP0902324B1 EP0902324B1 (de) 2004-04-14

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JP (1) JPH11143032A (de)
DE (1) DE69823125T2 (de)

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DE69823125T2 (de) 2005-03-24
JPH11143032A (ja) 1999-05-28
EP0902324B1 (de) 2004-04-14
DE69823125D1 (de) 2004-05-19

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