Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/02—Cotton wool; Wadding
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
  • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
  • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
  • A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
  • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
  • A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
  • A41D31/085—Heat resistant; Fire retardant using layered materials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C8/00—Hand tools or accessories specially adapted for fire-fighting, e.g. tool boxes
  • A62C8/06—Fire-blankets
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
  • A62D5/00—Composition of materials for coverings or clothing affording protection against harmful chemical agents
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
  • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
  • D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
  • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
  • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/244—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons
  • D06M15/256—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
  • D06M15/277—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof containing fluorine
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/564—Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane links; Precondensation products forming them
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
  • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
  • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
  • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
  • Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2631—Coating or impregnation provides heat or fire protection
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
  • Y10T442/3976—Including strand which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous composition, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
  • Y10T442/3976—Including strand which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous composition, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]
  • Y10T442/3984—Strand is other than glass and is heat or fire resistant

Definitions

• the present invention relates to flame retardant fabrics based on of melamine resin fibers, fire protection ceilings made from them and fire protective clothing and their use for extinguishing Fires and to protect people and objects from fire, Combustion products and / or extinguishing agents.
• fire blankets which are often called "fire blankets” are usually used to combat smaller ones Fires, extinguishing the flames by suffocating them.
• fire protection ceilings which are primarily not used as fire blankets, but in particular should be suitable for people or objects from fire, heat, combustion products such as soot, or extinguishing agents to protect.
• Such blankets would be of particular value, for example, in Churches and museums, which often have a variety of irreplaceable works of art store which are insufficient against fire and in the event of a fire, against the immediate consequences of the fire, such as Protected against heat and soot, as well as against the consequences of extinguishing measures are.
• WO 95/14126 fiber mixtures are known, the melamine resin fibers and contain aramid fibers. From these fiber blends flame-retardant fabrics can be produced.
• DE-A 44 40 491 describes the use of melamine resin fibers for the production of fire protection ceilings.
• the present invention was therefore based on the object Flame retardant fabric for fire blankets or clothing To provide effective protection against fire, extinguishing agents and / or combustion products, i.e. heat, water, is dirt and / or oil repellent.
• the invention also relates to fire blankets and Protective clothing made from the flame-retardant fabric according to the invention can be manufactured.
• the invention further relates to the use of such fire protection ceilings to protect objects from fire, heat, combustion products, and / or extinguishing agents, and their use for extinguishing fires.
• Flame retardant fabrics comprising the above ingredients a), b), c) and d) can by the usual methods of textile production woven from yarn or in the form of fleeces from the Fibers or fiber blends are made (see Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, 4th ed., Vol. 23, "Textile Technology”). Subsequently, component e) is then applied. It is also possible to use fibers a), b) and d), or to equip the spun yarns therefrom with component e) and then further processed into the fabrics according to the invention.
• the fabrics of the invention can continue about 4.9 to 95% by weight, preferably about 5 to 50% by weight, in particular about 10 to 45% by weight of normally flammable fabric included, such as Wool, cotton, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers and viscose.
• normally flammable fabric included such as Wool, cotton, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers and viscose.
• the amount of these fibers used may be Do not adversely affect the flame resistance of the fabric.
• normally flammable fabrics offer a number of Advantages. If you use e.g. Cotton or other comparable Fibers as a further component, so fabrics can be produced that have an increased water absorption capacity, resulting in an improved Protection against moisture, e.g. achieved before extinguishing water can be. In addition, the comfort of fabrics by the Addition of normally flammable fibers can be improved. This is Of particular advantage if protective clothing is made from the fabrics shall be. In addition of normal leads flammable fibers significantly reduce the cost of flame-resistant Fabrics based on melamine resin fibers.
• the fabrics according to the invention can replace the normally flammable ones Fibers or in combination with 0.1 to 20 wt .-%, preferably about 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, a heat, oil, dirt and / or contain moisture repellent equipment.
• the mesh can be impregnated or coated with the finishing agent become.
• Examples of equipment suitable according to the invention include or double-sided layers of metal, such as Aluminum.
• metal layers usually in a thickness from e.g. 5 - 200 ⁇ m, preferably 10 - 100 ⁇ m, so that the flexibility of the fabric does not adversely change will protect against fire, exposure to heat, especially the Radiant heat, soot and extinguishing agents, e.g. Water and foam or dry powder.
• metallized fabrics are suitable for production of protective suits for heavy fire and heat protection.
• the Metallization is usually done by vapor deposition of metal the tissue in a high vacuum (see Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, 3rd ed., Vol. 15, p. 276 and literature cited there).
• Such metal foils usually consist of one polymeric carrier film coated with a thin metal film is. They preferably contain a polymeric carrier Polyester base.
• Such films are used by various Manufacturers used for coating fabrics (e.g. Gentex Corp., Carbondale PA, USA; C.F. Ploucquet GmbH & Co, D-89522 Heidenheim; Darmstadt GmbH, D-46485 Wesel).
• the fabrics according to the invention it is possible to use the fabrics according to the invention to produce metallized yarns or fibers.
• the yarns are preferably with aluminum in layer thicknesses in the range of 10-100 ⁇ m coated, the fibers have metal coatings from 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m.
• Such yarns or fibers are, for example based on those in DE-AS 27 43 768, DE-A 38 10 597 or EP-A 528 192 described methods can be produced.
• Such layers preferably exist Made of polyurethane-containing materials and / or polytetrafluoroethylene-containing Materials.
• Such coatings are already available Improving weather protection for state-of-the-art textiles Technology known (see Ullmann's encyclopedia of chemical engineering, 5th ed., Vol A26, pp. 306-312, and lexicon for textile finishing, 1955, pp. 211 ff). These coatings can be designed in this way be that water vapor can diffuse through the layer, while at the same time being exposed to liquid water or similar fire extinguishing products and combustion products either not or only can be penetrated insignificantly. These coatings are usually glued onto the fabric as polymer films or calendered.
• the production of the melamine resin fibers used according to the invention can, for example, according to those in EP-A 93 965, DE-A 23 64 091, EP-A 221 330 or EP-A 408 947.
• Particularly preferred melamine resin fibers contain as a monomer unit (A) 90 to 100 mol% of a mixture consisting of essentially from 30 to 100, preferably 50 to 99, particularly preferred 85 to 95, in particular 88 to 93 mol% of melamine and 0 to 70, preferably 1 to 50, particularly preferably 5 to 15, in particular 7 to 12 mol%, of a substituted melamine I or Mixtures of substituted melamines I.
• the particularly preferred ones contain as further monomer building block (B) Melamine resin fibers 0 to 10, preferably 0.1 to 9.5, in particular 1 to 5 mol%, based on the total number of moles Monomer building blocks (A) and (B), a phenol or a mixture of phenols.
• the most preferred melamine resin fibers are usually by reacting components (A) and (B) with formaldehyde or Formaldehyde-providing compounds and subsequent spinning available, the molar ratio of melamines to formaldehyde in the range from 1: 1.15 to 1: 4.5, preferably from 1: 1.8 to 1: 3.0 lies.
• the preferred hydroxy-C 2 -C 10 -alkyl groups are hydroxy-C 2 -C 6 -alkyl, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxy-n-propyl, 2-hydroxyisopropyl, 4-hydroxy-n-butyl, 5-hydroxy-n-pentyl, 6-hydroxy-n-hexyl, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl, preferably hydroxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkyl, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxy-n-propyl, 2-hydroxyisopropyl and 4-hydroxy-n-butyl, particularly preferably 2-hydroxyethyl and 2-hydroxyisopropyl.
• Preferred amino-C 2 -C 12 -alkyl groups are amino-C 2 -C 8 -alkyl groups, such as 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 4-aminobutyl, 5-aminopentyl, 6-aminohexyl, 7-aminoheptyl and 8-aminooctyl, particularly preferably 2-aminoethyl and 6-aminohexyl, very particularly preferably 6-aminohexyl.
• Suitable phenols (B) are one or two phenols containing hydroxyl groups, which are optionally substituted with radicals selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 9 alkyl and hydroxy, and C 1 -C 4 alkanes substituted with two or three phenol groups, Di (hydroxyphenyl) sulfones or mixtures of these phenols.
• the preferred phenols are: phenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-n-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, Pyrocatechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, particularly preferred Phenol, resorcinol and 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane.
• Formaldehyde is usually used as an aqueous solution with a Concentration of, for example, 40 to 50% by weight or in the form of Compounds involved in the reaction with (A) and (B) formaldehyde deliver, for example as oligomeric or polymeric formaldehyde in solid form, such as paraformaldehyde, 1,3,5-trioxane or 1,3,5,7-tetroxane.
• polyamine is usually polycondensed, optionally substituted Melamine and optionally phenol together with formaldehyde or formaldehyde-providing compounds. You can do it submit all components right at the beginning or you can add them in portions and successively react and the educated Pre-condensates subsequently additional melamine, substituted Add melamine or phenol.
• the polycondensation is carried out in a manner known per se (see EP-A 355 760, Houben-Weyl, vol. 14/2, pp. 357 ff).
• the reaction temperature is generally chosen in one Range from 20 to 150, preferably from 40 to 140 ° C.
• the reaction pressure is usually not critical. You work in generally in a range from 100 to 500 kPa, preferably below Atmospheric pressure.
• the reaction can be carried out with or without a solvent.
• aqueous formaldehyde solution no solvent too.
• solid bound Formaldehyde is usually chosen as the solvent, the amount used is usually in the range from 5 to 40, preferably from 15 to 20% by weight, based on the total amount monomers used.
• the polycondensation is generally carried out in a pH range above 7.
• the pH range of 7.5 is preferred to 10.0, particularly preferably from 8 to 9.
• reaction mixture small amounts can be used in a more customary manner
• Additives such as alkali metal sulfites, e.g. Sodium disulfite and Sodium sulfite, alkali metal formates, e.g. Sodium formate, alkali metal citrates, e.g. Sodium citrate, phosphates, polyphosphates, Add urea, dicyandiamide or cyanamide.
• alkali metal sulfites e.g. Sodium disulfite and Sodium sulfite
• alkali metal formates e.g. Sodium formate
• alkali metal citrates e.g. Sodium citrate
• phosphates e.g. Sodium citrate
• phosphates e.g. Sodium citrate
• polyphosphates polyphosphates
• Add urea dicyandiamide or cyanamide.
• modifiers are amines and amino alcohols such as Diethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine or 2-diethylaminoethanol.
• Fillers or emulsifiers come in as additional additives Consideration.
• Fillers can be, for example, fibrous or powdery inorganic reinforcing agents or fillers, such as Glass fibers, metal powder, metal salts or silicates, e.g. Kaolin, Talc, heavy spar, quartz or chalk, as well as pigments and dyes deploy.
• the emulsifiers are generally used as usual non-ionic, anion-active or cation-active organic Compounds with long chain alkyl residues.
• the polycondensation can be carried out batchwise or continuously, for example in an extruder (see EP-A 355 760) perform known methods.
• the invention is generally spun Melamine resin in a manner known per se, for example after adding a hardener, usually acids, such as Formic acid, sulfuric acid or ammonium chloride, at room temperature in a rotary spinning machine and then hardens the Raw fibers in a heated atmosphere, or you spin in a heated atmosphere, this evaporates at the same time water serving as solvent and hardens the condensate.
• a hardener usually acids, such as Formic acid, sulfuric acid or ammonium chloride
• the fibers can be up to 25, preferably up to 10% by weight of customary fillers, in particular those on the Base of silicates, such as mica, dyes, pigments, metal powder and add matting agents and then to the corresponding ones Process fire blankets and fleeces.
• customary fillers such as mica, dyes, pigments, metal powder and add matting agents and then to the corresponding ones Process fire blankets and fleeces.
• yarns are usually produced from the fibers using methods known per se, for example using the carded yarn method (Ullmanns Enzyklopadie der Technischen Chemie, 4th ed., Vol. 23, "Textile technology”.
• the yarns preferably have a fineness in the range from 100 to 200, particularly preferably from 140 to 160 tex.
• the yarns are then generally used to produce fabrics by methods customary in the textile industry, the basis weight of the fabrics being in the range from 70 to 900, preferably from 120 to 500 g / m 2 is selected.
• the fire protection ceilings according to the invention can also be constructed from non-woven fabrics.
• Nonwovens are generally accessible by processing fibers on nonwovens with transverse layers. They preferably have a weight per unit area in the range from 30 to 600, preferably from 50 to 450 g / m 2 .
• fiber mixtures can also be used for fire protection ceilings process that essentially 4.9 to 95 wt .-%, preferably 25 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably 40 to 75% by weight
• Aramid fibers are preferred by spinning of solutions of polycondensation products of iso- or terephthalic acid or their derivatives, such as acid chlorides with para- or meta-phenylenediamine in solvents, such as N-methylpyrrolidone, Hexamethylphosphoric triamide, concentrated sulfuric acid or their usual mixtures prepared therefrom.
• solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone, Hexamethylphosphoric triamide, concentrated sulfuric acid or their usual mixtures prepared therefrom.
• the received Continuous fibers are then usually cut into staple fibers, whose thickness is usually 5 to 25 microns.
• Preferred aramid fibers are those based on an isomeric poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide.
• the processing of the fiber mixtures is carried out as is known, For example, on conventional fiber mixing equipment, as in Nonwovens, Georg Thieme Verlag, are described.
• a preferred one Embodiment is usually made from staple fibers a usual length of 1 to 20 cm. These are generally fed via a conveyor to a card and there premixed. The mixing is then usually in one Carding machine completed, taking a wad-shaped sheet receives. The wadded web obtained then becomes yarns or Nonwovens processed.
• Fire protection ceilings that have a metal coating, be it directly on of the fiber or on the finished fabric due to a difficult heat transfer through the fire protection ceiling and thus by better protection of the objects to be protected towards heat.
• the fibers are soaked through Brushing or similar processes with salts, in particular Silicates, particularly preferably Mg-Al silicates, or foaming agents Stitched fabrics.
• salts in particular Silicates, particularly preferably Mg-Al silicates, or foaming agents Stitched fabrics.
• the fire protection blankets are put out to extinguish Fires, burning objects and people.
• the fabrics according to the invention are used for production of fire protection ceilings for the protection of people and objects from fire, extinguishing agents and / or combustion products by the persons and objects to be protected with the inventive Covers fire blankets.
• the invention Fire blankets to protect art objects and / or antiques. They are also applicable to Protection of houses and dangerous goods containers on trucks, Trains or ships that contain flammable substances, as well as from Tanker trucks and gas boilers, electric or electronic Systems such as computers, terminals, control centers.
• the fabrics of the invention are also suitable as flame retardant Covers for upholstered seats in cars, planes, railroad cars, etc.
• An advantage of the fire protection blankets and nonwovens according to the invention is that the fire protection ceilings produced according to the invention and fleeces when heated or in direct contact with Do not melt fire or a flame and therefore no drop formation occurs and the blankets and fleeces therefore also when exposed to heat remain dimensionally stable.
• Another advantage of the invention Fire blankets is that they are effective Protection against the effects of water and other extinguishing agents as well as from combustion products such as soot.
• a fabric made of a yarn containing 60% by weight of melamine resin fibers and 40% by weight of p-aramid fibers with a basis weight of 220 g / m 2 was treated with a commercially available fluorocarboxylic acid finish.
• the fabric is soaked in a liquor containing 30 g / l Persistol® O (commercial product from BASF) as well as 3 g / l aluminum sulfate and 1 g / l 60% acetic acid.
• the liquor absorption is 70% by weight.
• the mixture was then dried at 130 ° C. to a residual moisture of 6 to 8% by weight and then heated to 150 ° C. for a min.
• the fabric was spray tested for its hydrophobicity subjected to AATCC 22 and achieved a grade of 70. Regarding the oleophobicization was carried out according to AATCC 118, the tissue received the grade 6.
• the protective effect of the fabric was based on the directive (Assessment of the Ignibility of Upholstered Seating by Smouldering and Flaming Ignition Sources, British Standards BS 582: 1990, Section 3, Crib 5 or Crib 7).
• the fabric was placed on a block of commercially available flexible polyurethane foam without the addition of flame retardants (about 95 Parts by weight of polyol, 50 parts by weight of methylene diisocyanate, 5 parts by weight Parts of water and catalyst) and an ignition source 'Crib 5 '(wooden crib) exposed.
• flame retardants about 95 Parts by weight of polyol, 50 parts by weight of methylene diisocyanate, 5 parts by weight Parts of water and catalyst
• an ignition source 'Crib 5 '(wooden crib) exposed.
• the ignited Foam until the ignition source has burned off and burned out (about 8 up to 10 min), smoldering and smoldering effects also occurred not on.
• the same test was carried out without using the invention Fabric repeated.
• the polyurethane foam ignited spontaneously and burned down completely.
• a fabric made of a yarn which contained 60% by weight of melamine resin fibers and 40% by weight of p-paramide fibers was used as the test fabric.
• the fabric was coated on both sides with a polyester film metallized with aluminum in a high vacuum.
• the fabric thus obtained had a weight per unit area of 725 g / m 2 .
• Example 1 stretched on a polyurethane foam block. This is then an ignition source exposed to 'Crib 7'. Even after a long time The foam does not ignite for a long period of time. and glow effects also do not occur.
• a polyurethane foam block was, as described in Example 1, covered with a needle felt made of m-aramid with a weight per unit area of 200 g / m 2 . It was then exposed to a 'Crib 7' ignition source. After 30 seconds was extinguished with water. The needle felt was completely soaked, and the foam also showed traces of extinguishing water.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
• Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
• Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
• Woven Fabrics (AREA)

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• 1996
  • 1996-05-02 DE DE19617634A patent/DE19617634A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1997
  • 1997-04-30 AU AU28893/97A patent/AU2889397A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-04-30 TW TW086105728A patent/TW389807B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-04-30 JP JP09539510A patent/JP2000510199A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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  • 1997-04-30 WO PCT/EP1997/002225 patent/WO1997042365A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 1997-04-30 CZ CZ983482A patent/CZ348298A3/cs unknown
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  • 1997-04-30 ES ES97922927T patent/ES2166080T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-04-30 US US09/171,825 patent/US6297178B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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  • 1997-04-30 CA CA002253194A patent/CA2253194A1/en not_active Abandoned
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• 1998
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• 2001
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