EP0896644B1 - Flameproof fabrics based on melamine resin fibres - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to flameproof fabrics based on melarnine resin fibres, fireproof blankets and clothing made therewith and their use for extinguishing fires and protecting people and objects from fire, combustion products and/or extinguishing agents.

Description

The present invention relates to flame retardant fabrics based on of melamine resin fibers, fire protection ceilings made from them and fire protective clothing and their use for extinguishing Fires and to protect people and objects from fire, Combustion products and / or extinguishing agents.

Conventional fire blankets, which are often called "fire blankets" are usually used to combat smaller ones Fires, extinguishing the flames by suffocating them.

Known fire blankets and fire protection clothing exist often made of fiberglass. These fire blankets have the Disadvantage that they are very brittle and melt easily. In particular special there is therefore a risk that manufactured from this material Can burn fire blankets in case of fire. Farther fire protection blankets based on aramid fibers are known, however, such blankets are still very expensive. Furthermore, the fire-retardant effect of fabrics based on aramid not yet satisfactory. Also shows fire protection clothing these fabrics are only moderately comfortable to wear.

But there is also a need for such fire protection ceilings which are primarily not used as fire blankets, but in particular should be suitable for people or objects from fire, heat, combustion products such as soot, or extinguishing agents to protect.

Such blankets would be of particular value, for example, in Churches and museums, which often have a variety of irreplaceable works of art store which are insufficient against fire and in the event of a fire, against the immediate consequences of the fire, such as Protected against heat and soot, as well as against the consequences of extinguishing measures are.

WO 95/14126 fiber mixtures are known, the melamine resin fibers and contain aramid fibers. From these fiber blends flame-retardant fabrics can be produced. DE-A 44 40 491 describes the use of melamine resin fibers for the production of fire protection ceilings.

The previously known fire protection ceilings are special for this Not suitable because it is either too heavy, too stiff or too heavy are permeable to microparticles or liquids.

The present invention was therefore based on the object Flame retardant fabric for fire blankets or clothing To provide effective protection against fire, extinguishing agents and / or combustion products, i.e. heat, water, is dirt and / or oil repellent.

a) etwa 4,9 bis etwa 95 Gew.-% Melaminharzfasern,

b) 0 bis etwa 90,1 Gew.-% flammfeste Fasern, ausgewählt unter Aramidfasern, Kohlenstoffasern, Glasfasern, flammfester Wolle und flammfester Viskose,
und

c) 0 bis etwa 20 Gew.-% Füllstoffe enthält,
das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß es als weiteren Bestandteil enthält:

d) gegebenenfalls etwa 4,9 bis etwa 95 Gew.-% normal entflammbare Fasern und/oder

e) etwa 0,1 bis etwa 20 Gew.-% mindestens einer hitze-, öl-, schmutz- und/oder feuchtigkeitsabweisenden Ausrüstung, die wenigstens eine ein- oder zweiseitige Metallbeschichtung umfaßt.

This object is achieved by providing a flame-retardant fabric which, based in each case on the total weight of the fabric,

a) about 4.9 to about 95% by weight of melamine resin fibers,

b) 0 to about 90.1% by weight of flame-resistant fibers, selected from aramid fibers, carbon fibers, glass fibers, flame-resistant wool and flame-resistant viscose,
and

c) contains 0 to about 20% by weight of fillers,
which is characterized in that it contains as a further component:

d) optionally about 4.9 to about 95% by weight of normally flammable fibers and / or

e) about 0.1 to about 20% by weight of at least one heat, oil, dirt and / or moisture repellent finish comprising at least one one or two-sided metal coating.

The invention also relates to fire blankets and Protective clothing made from the flame-retardant fabric according to the invention can be manufactured.

The invention further relates to the use of such fire protection ceilings to protect objects from fire, heat, combustion products, and / or extinguishing agents, and their use for extinguishing fires.

Flame retardant fabrics comprising the above ingredients a), b), c) and d) can by the usual methods of textile production woven from yarn or in the form of fleeces from the Fibers or fiber blends are made (see Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, 4th ed., Vol. 23, "Textile Technology"). Subsequently, component e) is then applied. It is also possible to use fibers a), b) and d), or to equip the spun yarns therefrom with component e) and then further processed into the fabrics according to the invention.

In addition, however, the fabrics of the invention can continue about 4.9 to 95% by weight, preferably about 5 to 50% by weight, in particular about 10 to 45% by weight of normally flammable fabric included, such as Wool, cotton, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers and viscose. The amount of these fibers used may be Do not adversely affect the flame resistance of the fabric.

The addition of normally flammable fabrics offers a number of Advantages. If you use e.g. Cotton or other comparable Fibers as a further component, so fabrics can be produced that have an increased water absorption capacity, resulting in an improved Protection against moisture, e.g. achieved before extinguishing water can be. In addition, the comfort of fabrics by the Addition of normally flammable fibers can be improved. This is Of particular advantage if protective clothing is made from the fabrics shall be. In addition, the addition of normal leads flammable fibers significantly reduce the cost of flame-resistant Fabrics based on melamine resin fibers.

The fabrics according to the invention can replace the normally flammable ones Fibers or in combination with 0.1 to 20 wt .-%, preferably about 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, a heat, oil, dirt and / or contain moisture repellent equipment. The mesh can be impregnated or coated with the finishing agent become.

Examples of equipment suitable according to the invention include or double-sided layers of metal, such as Aluminum. Such metal layers, usually in a thickness from e.g. 5 - 200 µm, preferably 10 - 100 µm, so that the flexibility of the fabric does not adversely change will protect against fire, exposure to heat, especially the Radiant heat, soot and extinguishing agents, e.g. Water and foam or dry powder. According to pr EN 1486 (provisional European standards), metallized fabrics are suitable for production of protective suits for heavy fire and heat protection. The Metallization is usually done by vapor deposition of metal the tissue in a high vacuum (see Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, 3rd ed., Vol. 15, p. 276 and literature cited there). It is also possible to glue thin metal foils onto the fabric. Such metal foils usually consist of one polymeric carrier film coated with a thin metal film is. They preferably contain a polymeric carrier Polyester base. The metallized foils can be made according to the TL 8415-0203 (TL = technical delivery obligation of the Bundeswehr) one-sided or preferably two-sided on the fabric according to the invention are applied, for example by means of an adhesive or by hot calendering. Such films are used by various Manufacturers used for coating fabrics (e.g. Gentex Corp., Carbondale PA, USA; C.F. Ploucquet GmbH & Co, D-89522 Heidenheim; Darmstadt GmbH, D-46485 Wesel).

In addition, it is possible to use the fabrics according to the invention to produce metallized yarns or fibers. The yarns are preferably with aluminum in layer thicknesses in the range of 10-100 µm coated, the fibers have metal coatings from 0.01 to 1 µm. Such yarns or fibers are, for example based on those in DE-AS 27 43 768, DE-A 38 10 597 or EP-A 528 192 described methods can be produced.

Further examples of equipment suitable according to the invention are water-repellent applied on one or two sides to the fabric hydrophobic layers. Such layers preferably exist Made of polyurethane-containing materials and / or polytetrafluoroethylene-containing Materials. Such coatings are already available Improving weather protection for state-of-the-art textiles Technology known (see Ullmann's encyclopedia of chemical engineering, 5th ed., Vol A26, pp. 306-312, and lexicon for textile finishing, 1955, pp. 211 ff). These coatings can be designed in this way be that water vapor can diffuse through the layer, while at the same time being exposed to liquid water or similar fire extinguishing products and combustion products either not or only can be penetrated insignificantly. These coatings are usually glued onto the fabric as polymer films or calendered.

Further measures to improve the protective effect of fire protection ceilings consist in the finishing of the fibers or the fabric with water-repellent, oil and / or dirt-repellent compounds (hydrophobic or oleophobic finish). Such connections are known to the person skilled in the art as textile aids (cf. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 5th Ed., Vol. A26, Pp. 306-312). Examples of water repellent compounds are Metal soaps, silicones, fluoroorganic compounds, e.g. Salts perfluorinated carboxylic acids, polyacrylic acid esters perfluorinated Alcohols (see EP-B-366 338 and literature cited therein) or Tetrafluoroethylene polymers. In particular the latter two Polymers are also used as oleophobic finishes.

The production of the melamine resin fibers used according to the invention can, for example, according to those in EP-A 93 965, DE-A 23 64 091, EP-A 221 330 or EP-A 408 947. Particularly preferred melamine resin fibers contain as a monomer unit (A) 90 to 100 mol% of a mixture consisting of essentially from 30 to 100, preferably 50 to 99, particularly preferred 85 to 95, in particular 88 to 93 mol% of melamine and 0 to 70, preferably 1 to 50, particularly preferably 5 to 15, in particular 7 to 12 mol%, of a substituted melamine I or Mixtures of substituted melamines I.

The particularly preferred ones contain as further monomer building block (B) Melamine resin fibers 0 to 10, preferably 0.1 to 9.5, in particular 1 to 5 mol%, based on the total number of moles Monomer building blocks (A) and (B), a phenol or a mixture of phenols.

The most preferred melamine resin fibers are usually by reacting components (A) and (B) with formaldehyde or Formaldehyde-providing compounds and subsequent spinning available, the molar ratio of melamines to formaldehyde in the range from 1: 1.15 to 1: 4.5, preferably from 1: 1.8 to 1: 3.0 lies.

kommen solche in Betracht, in denen X¹, X² und X³ ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus -NH₂, -NHR¹ und -NR¹R², wobei X¹, X² und X³ nicht gleichzeitig -NH₂ sind, und R¹ und R² ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Hydroxy-C₂-C₁₀-alkyl, Hydroxy-C₂-C₄-alkyl-(oxa-C₂-C₄-alkyl)_n, mit n = 1 bis 5, und Amino-C₂-C₁₂-alkyl.As substituted melamines of the general formula I

come into consideration those in which X ¹ , X ² and X ^{3 are} selected from the group consisting of -NH ₂ , -NHR ¹ and -NR ¹ R ² , where X ¹ , X ² and X ^{3 are} not simultaneously -NH ₂ and R ¹ and R ^{2 are} selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-C ₂ -C ₁₀ -alkyl, hydroxy-C ₂ -C ₄ -alkyl- (oxa-C ₂ -C ₄ -alkyl) _n , with n = 1 to 5, and amino-C ₂ -C ₁₂ alkyl.

The preferred hydroxy-C ₂ -C ₁₀ -alkyl groups are hydroxy-C ₂ -C ₆ -alkyl, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxy-n-propyl, 2-hydroxyisopropyl, 4-hydroxy-n-butyl, 5-hydroxy-n-pentyl, 6-hydroxy-n-hexyl, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl, preferably hydroxy-C ₂ -C ₄ -alkyl, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxy-n-propyl, 2-hydroxyisopropyl and 4-hydroxy-n-butyl, particularly preferably 2-hydroxyethyl and 2-hydroxyisopropyl.

As hydroxy-C ₂ -C ₄ -alkyl- (oxa-C ₂ -C ₄ -alkyl) _n groups, preference is given to those with n = 1 to 4, particularly preferably those with n = 1 or 2, such as 5-hydroxy -3-oxa-pentyl, 5-hydroxy-3-oxa-2,5-dimethylpentyl, 5-hydroxy-3-oxa-1,4-dimethylpentyl, 5-hydroxy-3-oxa-1,2,4,5 -tetramethylpentyl, 8-hydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl.

Preferred amino-C ₂ -C ₁₂ -alkyl groups are amino-C ₂ -C ₈ -alkyl groups, such as 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 4-aminobutyl, 5-aminopentyl, 6-aminohexyl, 7-aminoheptyl and 8-aminooctyl, particularly preferably 2-aminoethyl and 6-aminohexyl, very particularly preferably 6-aminohexyl.

mit der 2-Hydroxyethylamino-Gruppe substituierte Melamine, wie 2-(2-Hydroxyethylamino)-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4-Di-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-6-amino-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4,6-Tris-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin,

mit der 2-Hydroxyisopropylamino-Gruppe substituierte Melamine, wie 2-(2-Hydroxyisopropylamino)-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4-Di-(2-hydroxyisopropylamino)-6-amino-1,3,5-triazin 2,4,6-Tris-(2-hydroxyisopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazin,

mit der 5-Hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino-Gruppe substituierte Melamine, wie 2-(5-Hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino)-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4,6-Tris-(5-hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino)-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4-Di(5-hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino)-6-amino,1,3,5-triazin,

mit der 6-Aminohexylamino-Gruppe substituierte Melamine, wie 2-(6-Aminohexylamino)-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4-Di-(6-aminohexylamino)-6-amino-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4,6-Tris-(6-aminohexylamino)-1,3,5-triazin oder

Gemische dieser Verbindungen, beispielsweise ein Gemisch aus 10 Mol-% 2-(5-Hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino)-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin, 50 Mol-% 2,4-Di-(5-hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino)-6-amino-1,3,5-triazin und 40 Mol-% 2,4,6-Tris-(5-hydroxy-3-oxapentyamino)-1,3,5-triazin.Substituted melamines which are particularly suitable for the invention are the following compounds:

melamines substituted with the 2-hydroxyethylamino group, such as 2- (2-hydroxyethylamino) -4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-di- (2-hydroxyethylamino) -6-amino-1 , 3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris- (2-hydroxyethylamino) -1,3,5-triazine,

melamines substituted with the 2-hydroxyisopropylamino group, such as 2- (2-hydroxyisopropylamino) -4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-di- (2-hydroxyisopropylamino) -6-amino-1 , 3,5-triazine 2,4,6-tris- (2-hydroxyisopropylamino) -1,3,5-triazine,

melamines substituted with the 5-hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino group, such as 2- (5-hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino) -4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris- ( 5-hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-di (5-hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino) -6-amino, 1,3,5-triazine,

melamines substituted with the 6-aminohexylamino group, such as 2- (6-aminohexylamino) -4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-di- (6-aminohexylamino) -6-amino-1 , 3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris- (6-aminohexylamino) -1,3,5-triazine or

Mixtures of these compounds, for example a mixture of 10 mol% of 2- (5-hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino) -4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 50 mol% of 2,4-di- (5th -hydroxy-3-oxapentylamino) -6-amino-1,3,5-triazine and 40 mole% 2,4,6-tris (5-hydroxy-3-oxapentyamino) -1,3,5-triazine.

Suitable phenols (B) are one or two phenols containing hydroxyl groups, which are optionally substituted with radicals selected from the group consisting of C ₁ -C ₉ alkyl and hydroxy, and C ₁ -C ₄ alkanes substituted with two or three phenol groups, Di (hydroxyphenyl) sulfones or mixtures of these phenols.

The preferred phenols are: phenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-n-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, Pyrocatechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, particularly preferred Phenol, resorcinol and 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane.

Formaldehyde is usually used as an aqueous solution with a Concentration of, for example, 40 to 50% by weight or in the form of Compounds involved in the reaction with (A) and (B) formaldehyde deliver, for example as oligomeric or polymeric formaldehyde in solid form, such as paraformaldehyde, 1,3,5-trioxane or 1,3,5,7-tetroxane.

For the production of the particularly preferred melamine resin fibers polyamine is usually polycondensed, optionally substituted Melamine and optionally phenol together with formaldehyde or formaldehyde-providing compounds. You can do it submit all components right at the beginning or you can add them in portions and successively react and the educated Pre-condensates subsequently additional melamine, substituted Add melamine or phenol.

The polycondensation is carried out in a manner known per se (see EP-A 355 760, Houben-Weyl, vol. 14/2, pp. 357 ff).

The reaction temperature is generally chosen in one Range from 20 to 150, preferably from 40 to 140 ° C.

The reaction pressure is usually not critical. You work in generally in a range from 100 to 500 kPa, preferably below Atmospheric pressure.

The reaction can be carried out with or without a solvent. In the rule is used when using aqueous formaldehyde solution no solvent too. When using solid bound Formaldehyde is usually chosen as the solvent, the amount used is usually in the range from 5 to 40, preferably from 15 to 20% by weight, based on the total amount monomers used.

Furthermore, the polycondensation is generally carried out in a pH range above 7. The pH range of 7.5 is preferred to 10.0, particularly preferably from 8 to 9.

Furthermore, small amounts of the reaction mixture can be used in a more customary manner Additives such as alkali metal sulfites, e.g. Sodium disulfite and Sodium sulfite, alkali metal formates, e.g. Sodium formate, alkali metal citrates, e.g. Sodium citrate, phosphates, polyphosphates, Add urea, dicyandiamide or cyanamide. You can as pure individual compounds or as mixtures with one another, each in bulk or as an aqueous solution before, during or add after the condensation reaction.

Other modifiers are amines and amino alcohols such as Diethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine or 2-diethylaminoethanol.

Fillers or emulsifiers come in as additional additives Consideration. Fillers can be, for example, fibrous or powdery inorganic reinforcing agents or fillers, such as Glass fibers, metal powder, metal salts or silicates, e.g. Kaolin, Talc, heavy spar, quartz or chalk, as well as pigments and dyes deploy. The emulsifiers are generally used as usual non-ionic, anion-active or cation-active organic Compounds with long chain alkyl residues.

The polycondensation can be carried out batchwise or continuously, for example in an extruder (see EP-A 355 760) perform known methods.

To produce fibers, the invention is generally spun Melamine resin in a manner known per se, for example after adding a hardener, usually acids, such as Formic acid, sulfuric acid or ammonium chloride, at room temperature in a rotary spinning machine and then hardens the Raw fibers in a heated atmosphere, or you spin in a heated atmosphere, this evaporates at the same time water serving as solvent and hardens the condensate. Such a method is described in detail in DE-A-23 64 091.

If desired, the fibers can be up to 25, preferably up to 10% by weight of customary fillers, in particular those on the Base of silicates, such as mica, dyes, pigments, metal powder and add matting agents and then to the corresponding ones Process fire blankets and fleeces.

To manufacture fire protection blankets, yarns are usually produced from the fibers using methods known per se, for example using the carded yarn method (Ullmanns Enzyklopadie der Technischen Chemie, 4th ed., Vol. 23, "Textile technology". The yarns preferably have a fineness in the range from 100 to 200, particularly preferably from 140 to 160 tex. The yarns are then generally used to produce fabrics by methods customary in the textile industry, the basis weight of the fabrics being in the range from 70 to 900, preferably from 120 to 500 g / m ^{2 is} selected.

The fire protection ceilings according to the invention can also be constructed from non-woven fabrics. Nonwovens are generally accessible by processing fibers on nonwovens with transverse layers. They preferably have a weight per unit area in the range from 30 to 600, preferably from 50 to 450 g / m ² .

According to the invention, fiber mixtures can also be used for fire protection ceilings process that essentially 4.9 to 95 wt .-%, preferably 25 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably 40 to 75% by weight

Melamine resin fibers and 0 to 90.1% by weight, preferably 5 to 70 % By weight, particularly preferably 15 to 50% by weight, of flame-resistant fibers contain. In addition, these fiber blends, like already mentioned, 4.9 to 95% by weight, preferably 5 to 50% by weight, in particular 5 to 45% by weight of normally flammable fibers made of wool, cotton, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers or Viscose included.

Glass fibers, carbon fibers, flame-resistant wool, flame-resistant viscose and especially aramid fibers in question. Aramid fibers are preferred by spinning of solutions of polycondensation products of iso- or terephthalic acid or their derivatives, such as acid chlorides with para- or meta-phenylenediamine in solvents, such as N-methylpyrrolidone, Hexamethylphosphoric triamide, concentrated sulfuric acid or their usual mixtures prepared therefrom. The received Continuous fibers are then usually cut into staple fibers, whose thickness is usually 5 to 25 microns. Preferred aramid fibers are those based on an isomeric poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide.

The processing of the fiber mixtures is carried out as is known, For example, on conventional fiber mixing equipment, as in Nonwovens, Georg Thieme Verlag, are described. In a preferred one Embodiment is usually made from staple fibers a usual length of 1 to 20 cm. These are generally fed via a conveyor to a card and there premixed. The mixing is then usually in one Carding machine completed, taking a wad-shaped sheet receives. The wadded web obtained then becomes yarns or Nonwovens processed.

Then you cut the fabric or fleece to the desired one Ceiling dimensions, which according to previous observations only from Depend on the intended use. Finally, the ceiling edges usually solidified by sewing.

Fire protection ceilings that have a metal coating, be it directly on of the fiber or on the finished fabric due to a difficult heat transfer through the fire protection ceiling and thus by better protection of the objects to be protected towards heat.

In a further embodiment, the fibers are soaked through Brushing or similar processes with salts, in particular Silicates, particularly preferably Mg-Al silicates, or foaming agents Stitched fabrics.

According to the invention, the fire protection blankets are put out to extinguish Fires, burning objects and people.

Furthermore, the fabrics according to the invention are used for production of fire protection ceilings for the protection of people and objects from fire, extinguishing agents and / or combustion products by the persons and objects to be protected with the inventive Covers fire blankets. In addition, the invention Fire blankets to protect art objects and / or antiques. They are also applicable to Protection of houses and dangerous goods containers on trucks, Trains or ships that contain flammable substances, as well as from Tanker trucks and gas boilers, electric or electronic Systems such as computers, terminals, control centers.

The fabrics of the invention are also suitable as flame retardant Covers for upholstered seats in cars, planes, railroad cars, etc.

An advantage of the fire protection blankets and nonwovens according to the invention is that the fire protection ceilings produced according to the invention and fleeces when heated or in direct contact with Do not melt fire or a flame and therefore no drop formation occurs and the blankets and fleeces therefore also when exposed to heat remain dimensionally stable. Another advantage of the invention Fire blankets is that they are effective Protection against the effects of water and other extinguishing agents as well as from combustion products such as soot.

Examples Example 1:

A fabric made of a yarn containing 60% by weight of melamine resin fibers and 40% by weight of p-aramid fibers with a basis weight of 220 g / m ² was treated with a commercially available fluorocarboxylic acid finish. For this purpose, the fabric is soaked in a liquor containing 30 g / l Persistol® O (commercial product from BASF) as well as 3 g / l aluminum sulfate and 1 g / l 60% acetic acid. The liquor absorption is 70% by weight. The mixture was then dried at 130 ° C. to a residual moisture of 6 to 8% by weight and then heated to 150 ° C. for a min.

The fabric was spray tested for its hydrophobicity subjected to AATCC 22 and achieved a grade of 70. Regarding the oleophobicization was carried out according to AATCC 118, the tissue received the grade 6.

Test of flame retardant properties:

The protective effect of the fabric was based on the directive (Assessment of the Ignibility of Upholstered Seating by Smouldering and Flaming Ignition Sources, British Standards BS 582: 1990, Section 3, Crib 5 or Crib 7).

For this purpose, the fabric was placed on a block of commercially available flexible polyurethane foam without the addition of flame retardants (about 95 Parts by weight of polyol, 50 parts by weight of methylene diisocyanate, 5 parts by weight Parts of water and catalyst) and an ignition source 'Crib 5 '(wooden crib) exposed. Here, the ignited Foam until the ignition source has burned off and burned out (about 8 up to 10 min), smoldering and smoldering effects also occurred not on. The same test was carried out without using the invention Fabric repeated. The polyurethane foam ignited spontaneously and burned down completely.

In a further test, the ignition source was switched off after 30 seconds. with water deleted. A subsequent examination of the polyurethane foam showed no traces of water.

Example 2:

A fabric made of a yarn which contained 60% by weight of melamine resin fibers and 40% by weight of p-paramide fibers was used as the test fabric. In addition, the fabric was coated on both sides with a polyester film metallized with aluminum in a high vacuum. The fabric thus obtained had a weight per unit area of 725 g / m ² .

Fire retardant test:

The fabric according to the invention was described as in Example 1 stretched on a polyurethane foam block. This is then an ignition source exposed to 'Crib 7'. Even after a long time The foam does not ignite for a long period of time. and glow effects also do not occur.

The experiment was repeated, except that after 60 sec. the Ignition source extinguished with a commercially available fire extinguisher with foam has been. The extinguishing foam did not penetrate the fabric, in the polyurethane foam there were no traces of exposure to fire the subsequent extinguishing measure.

Example 3:

A polyurethane foam block was, as described in Example 1, covered with a needle felt made of m-aramid with a weight per unit area of 200 g / m ² . It was then exposed to a 'Crib 7' ignition source. After 30 seconds was extinguished with water. The needle felt was completely soaked, and the foam also showed traces of extinguishing water.

Claims (10)

1. Flame-retardant fabric comprising, based on the total weight of the fabric,

   a) from 4.9 to 95 % by weight of melamine resin fibers,

   b) from 0 to 90.1 % by weight of flame-retardant fibers selected from the group consisting of aramid fibers, carbon fibers, glass fibers, flame-retardant wool and flame-retardant viscose,

   c) from 0 to 20 % by weight of fillers,

   d) optionally from 4.9 to 95 % by weight of normal-flammable fibers and

   e) from 0.1 to 20 % by weight of at least one heat-, oil-, soil- and/or moisture-resistant finish which comprises at least one one- or two-sided metal coating,

   the fabric being conventionally woven from yarns or produced in the form of nonwovens from the fibers or fiber blends and thereafter component e) being applied.
2. A fabric as claimed in claim 1, wherein the normal-flammable fibers are selected from the group consisting of wool, cotton, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers and viscose.
3. A fabric as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the metallic coating comprises aluminum as main constituent.
4. A fabric as claimed in any of the preceding claims, comprising a water repellent as finish.
5. A fabric as claimed in any of the preceding claims, comprising an oil repellent as finish.
6. A fabric as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the melamine resin fibers are obtainable by condensation of a mixture including as essential components

   (A) from 90 to 100 mol% of a mixture consisting essentially of

   (a) from 30 to 100 mol% of melamine and

   (b) from 0 to 70 mol% of a substituted melamine of the general formula I

   

   where X¹, X² and X³ are each selected from the group consisting of -NH₂, NHR¹ and NR¹R², and X¹, X² and X³ must not all be -NH₂, and R¹ and R² are selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-C₂-C₂₀-alkyl, hydroxy-C₂-C₄-alkyl-(oxa-C₂-C₄-alkyl)_n, where n is from 1 to 5, and amino-C₂-C₁₂-alkyl, or mixtures of melamine I, and

   (B) from 0 to 10 mol%, based on (A) and (B), of phenols which are unsubstituted or substituted by radicals selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₉-alkyl and hydroxyl, C₁-C₄-alkanes substituted by two or three phenol groups, di(hydroxyphenyl) sulfones, or mixtures of these phenols,

   with formaldehyde or formaldehyde-supplying compounds in a molar ratio of melamines to formaldehyde within the range from 1:1.15 to 1:4.5.
7. A fabric as claimed in any of the preceding claims, comprising as constituent b) aramid fibers obtainable by polycondensation of iso- or terephthalic acid with a meta- or para-phenylenediamine.
8. Fire-safety blanket or clothing manufactured using a fabric as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7.
9. The use of fire-safety blankets as claimed in claim 8 for extinguishing fires and burning objects.
10. A method of protecting an object from fire, heat, combustion products and/or extinguishants, which comprises using a fire-safety blanket as claimed in claim 8 to cover the object to be protected.