EP0889541B1 - Wendelantenne mit variabler Länge - Google Patents

Wendelantenne mit variabler Länge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0889541B1
EP0889541B1 EP98401449A EP98401449A EP0889541B1 EP 0889541 B1 EP0889541 B1 EP 0889541B1 EP 98401449 A EP98401449 A EP 98401449A EP 98401449 A EP98401449 A EP 98401449A EP 0889541 B1 EP0889541 B1 EP 0889541B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
helix
propeller
antenna according
cpi
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98401449A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0889541A1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Piole
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion
Orange SA
Original Assignee
Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion
France Telecom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion, France Telecom SA filed Critical Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion
Publication of EP0889541A1 publication Critical patent/EP0889541A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0889541B1 publication Critical patent/EP0889541B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/362—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith for broadside radiating helical antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/14—Length of element or elements adjustable
    • H01Q9/145—Length of element or elements adjustable by varying the electrical length

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna in propeller to broadcast and receive waves radio, especially waves metrics for radio signals in the band FM sound broadcasting between 87 and 110 MHz, and more generally in a frequency band from 70 to 150 MHz approximately.
  • a transmit / receive antenna operating in this frequency band is a almost omnidirectional antenna in azimuth of type "whip" or "end of wire” consisting of a strand substantially vertical conductor having a length equal to half a wavelength, one to two about meters.
  • transmitters synchronized at the same frequency mark out the motorways.
  • the transmitters can also broadcast data signals to automatically tune receivers using of digital messages identifying the radio programs.
  • Such a broadcasting system frequency modulation is known by the acronym RDS (Radio Data System).
  • RDS Radio Data System
  • the antenna reception, or transmission / reception should have small dimensions for reasons of space in situ and aesthetic, while retaining the character omnidirectional in a horizontal plane specific to the sound broadcasting.
  • the antenna length must be reduced, but at the expense of bandwidth which is all the more diminished. In this case, the antenna will be granted over relatively bandwidth narrow, a few MHz.
  • the length would be reduced to about twenty about centimeters, a gain in length of around 75%.
  • the antenna would be tuned to the desired frequency and adapted to the impedance of a coaxial line at which it is connected.
  • Such an antenna can for example be fixed to the top of a bus stop sign, or at the top of an even higher tubular post for a parking staking system, or on the frame of an urban tele-display screen which can be more than five meters above the ground. All of these antennas are difficult to access.
  • a helical antenna comprising four propellers parallel conductors extending around an axis common central in the same direction is disclosed in patent application WO 96/07215.
  • a unique dielectric helix concentric with the common axis extends inside the four propellers, and has a length substantially equal to that of the propellers which are regularly spaced and fixed on the dielectric helix.
  • a box contains the propellers and is attached to one end of the propeller dielectric.
  • a tuning device is attached to the other end of the dielectric helix and can rotate relative to the housing, so that the rotation of the tuning device changes the pitch of the propeller dielectric and therefore not common to conductive propellers without significant variation in nominal diameter of the propellers. For example, when the number of turns per unit of length decreases, the length of the conducting propellers increases.
  • Patent application EP 0 593 185 discloses a helical antenna according to the first part of claim 1.
  • Such antennas are antennas of reception in a telecommunications system by satellite and radiate axially in polarization circular at very high higher frequencies at the gigahertz.
  • the modification of the geometry of conductive propellers allows you to change the aperture of the antenna radiation pattern according to radiation directions close to the direction vertical axial.
  • the objective of the invention is to provide a correcting linear polarized helix antenna to the drawbacks of the above-mentioned known antennas, and more specifically, provide a helical antenna which can be tuned in frequency very easily and very quickly by any unqualified person, without using an in situ measuring device and without dismantle the antenna.
  • a helical antenna comprising first and second conductive propellers extending around a common central axis along a same sense, is characterized in that the first and second propellers have first portions nested one inside the other without being in contact mechanical and second non-nested portions, and the antenna includes means for moving helically by sliding on itself the second propeller relative to the first propeller.
  • the antenna is tuned to the desired frequency.
  • the propellers are not in mechanical contact, i.e. are galvanically isolated and are only coupled by electromagnetic flux. This galvanic insulation of propellers improves quality signals received and / or transmitted by the antenna when the antenna, or the part of the antenna surrounding the decoupled propeller of the coaxial power supply cable the antenna inadvertently touches a wire electrical or metallic ground.
  • the first and second propellers are substantially identical, and preferably the turns of the first propeller portions nested are regularly spaced apart by compared to others, preferably substantially half a turn of the propeller.
  • the means for move helically includes a first element of fixed insulating material and containing at least partially the first propeller, and a second insulating material which is screwed on the first element and which contains at least partially the second propeller. Screwing and unscrewing the second element to the first element respectively decreases and increases the length of the propeller portions radiant nested and so respectively increases and decreases the tuning frequency of the antenna. At least the second portion of the second propeller can be attached to the second element.
  • the first and second elements constitute practice a protective cover for the antenna. The desired frequency can be selected easily by any unqualified person by turning the second element on the first element.
  • a frequency graduation is provided along the said first element, cooperating with one end of the second element, for example by overlap partial variable.
  • the screwing / unscrewing of the second element is stopped for example when the edge of the threaded end of the second element is opposite of the desired frequency marked on the scale.
  • a base is provided metallic having a face to which is fixed a microwave line connector having a central conductor which is connected to a strand of the second portion of the first propeller, and on the other side of which one end of said first element is applied.
  • the tightness of the cover formed by the first and second elements can be provided by a sealing washer housed between said end of said first element and the base.
  • a end of the second element can be closed, preferably by a removable hat, by which the two propellers are accessible.
  • the propellers can be provided with a cylindrical piece of insulating material which is fixed and housed substantially axially in the first propeller, which first propeller can be fixed to the cylindrical piece; or a piece cylindrical in insulating material which is movable with the second propeller and housed substantially axially in the second propeller, which second propeller can be fixed to the cylindrical part.
  • an antenna in propeller comprises two propellers electrically conductive circulars HI and HS.
  • the propellers have a common central axis YY and are substantially identical, i.e. have no constant and substantially equal turns P, constant and substantially equal diameters D, and constant and substantially equal lengths LH.
  • the HI and HS propellers are the same direction; according to illustrated embodiment, the propellers are direct (at left), although according to another embodiment they may be downgraded (right).
  • HI and HS propellers have first portions HI1 and HS1 which are nested one inside the other and second non-nested portions HI2 and HS2 between which the first nested portions HI1 and HS1 extend to the center of the antenna.
  • the turns of the first HI1 portion are arranged parallel to and evenly spaced of the other first portion HS1 and are not not in mechanical contact with them.
  • Each turn of one of the first portions HI1 and HS1 is substantially located half a P / 2 step from two turns successive of the other first portion.
  • the second HI2 portion complementary to the first HI1 portion has a BR end strand connected to the central DC conductor of an AC coaxial cable which is connected to receiving equipment, or transmitter receiver.
  • the second portion HS2 complementary to the first portion HS1 constitutes the free end of the helical antenna.
  • the YY axis of the helical antenna is in practice arranged vertically.
  • the first propeller HI is located at the bottom of the antenna and the second HS propeller is located in the upper part of the antenna.
  • the first nested propeller portions HI1 and HS1 are then respectively a portion upper of the first HI propeller and a portion bottom of the second HS propeller.
  • one of the HI and HS propellers is movable helically relative to the other propeller.
  • the first HI propeller is fixed and the second HS propeller is helically movable by sliding on itself, that is to say by undergoing a translation of the pitch propeller P for a rotation of one turn on itself.
  • the HS propeller can be simultaneously rotated around the YY axis of the antenna and translated along the antenna axis YY, the helical displacements, i.e. rotations and simultaneous translations of the HS mobile propeller can sometimes be following a direction, sometimes following opposite direction, as indicated by the double arrows R and T.
  • the length LA of the antenna decreases, respectively increases, and in the same proportions, the IM nesting length of first portions of HI1 and HS1 propeller increases, respectively decreases, and the useful length antenna (LH-IM) of each of the second portions HI2 and HS2 propeller decreases, increases respectively.
  • the antenna according to the invention is thus roughly equivalent to a helical antenna which has two radiating portions HI2 and HS2 in length variable (LH-IM) to receive and / or send electromagnetic waves, and a central part of variable length IM constituted by the first HI1 and HS1 end portions.
  • the central part antenna is analogous to a transformer impedance whose transformation ratio is always equal to 1 since the numbers of turns coupled between the first HI1 and HS1 portions of propellers are always equal.
  • the transformer impedance is an impedance centralizer which is the seat of a current belly.
  • the antenna behaves as a dipole which is variable in length and at center of which the current is variable.
  • impedance input of the helical antenna is thus a function of number of turns "reduced” by the first portions nested HI1 and HS1 of the propellers and impedance of the helical antenna which is mainly composed of the impedances of the second HI2 portions and HS2 propellers and brought to the foot of the antenna, at strand level BR.
  • the impedance of the antenna can be adapted to the impedance characteristic of the AC coaxial cable and at the desired frequency including a station radio.
  • the HI and HS propellers are housed substantially in a lower CPI and a CPS upper part of a cylindrical cover hollow insulating material.
  • the lower part of the CPI is fixed with glue or screws on an EM metal base by through a sealing washer in RO rubber.
  • the HI propeller is at least partially housed in the lower part of the CPI cover and is held coaxially with this part of the CPI cover around a cylindrical guide in GU insulating material which can be longer than the first HI propeller, even almost as long as double the length of each HI, HS propeller. At least turns of the second HI2 portion of the first propeller can be glued to the GU guide.
  • the GU guide is fixed, by example by gluing, on the upper side of the metal base EM through the washer RO. At center of the external underside of the base metallic EM is attached a cable CO connector coaxial CA.
  • EM base is by square or circular example and is fixed at the top of a pole or a mast of remote display or of everything other support, or serves as a base to be fixed on the roof of a vehicle, or on the edge of a table, or on the case of a microcomputer.
  • the upper part of the CPS hood has a lower end tapped AND so as to be screwed around an EF threaded upper end of the lower cover part CPI.
  • the steps of ET and EF threaded and threaded end threads are equal to the helix pitch P in order to maintain the coils of substantially parallel propellers and equidistant between them when screwing the part CPS to the CPI section.
  • hood In the upper part of the bore of the upper part of CPS hood is provided with a groove helical GH so as to fix it, for example by bonding, at least a few turns at the end upper portion of the second HS2 portion of the second HS propeller.
  • the upper base of the hood part CPS is closed by a monolithic bottom with the CPS part, or by a CH cap fixed so removable on the hood part CPS.
  • the second HS propeller descends or rises in the first HI propeller, and more precisely the variable length IM of the first propeller portions nested HI1 and HS1 increases or decreases so to tune and adapt the helical antenna to a higher or lower desired frequency.
  • the relative displacement of one HS of the propellers by compared to the other HI propeller, and more precisely the second part of the CPS mobile hood relative to the first part of the fixed cover CPI is indicated by GR graduation along the upper end the part of the CPI cover which is covered partially by the hood part CPS.
  • the graduation at divisions of 5 or 10 MHz for example in order to tune manually and precisely the antenna, without using a measuring device.
  • the graduation is established experimentally in the factory, and is for example engraved on the cover part CPI.
  • Each of the HI and HS propellers consists of a copper wire wrapped in a thin sheath plastic or coated with a layer of insulating protection, such as varnish, for example.
  • the antenna according to the invention offers a certain flexibility which makes it insensitive to vibrations communicated by the support of the antenna through the base and the cover, thanks to the absence of mechanical contact between the propellers.
  • the cover CPI-CPS and the other elements in matter insulating G and D are for example in Plexiglas.
  • the cover has a length which varies between approximately 15 cm and 25 cm approximately.
  • the helical antenna according to the invention radiates in linear polarization and presents a quasi diagram omni-directional in azimuthal directions substantially perpendicular to the YY axis, i.e. substantially parallel to the ground.
  • the helical antenna of the invention described above advantageously does not present parts superfluous mobiles, direct propeller contacts with the outside and risk of water infiltration.
  • the antenna is insensitive to mechanical vibrations. No tools are required to tune the antenna.
  • the dimensions of two propellers making up the antenna can be different in particular in diameter and length.
  • the GU inner guide can be fixed under the bottom CH of the upper part of the CPS hood instead of being fixed on the EM base, and at least turns of the second portion HS2 of the second propeller can be glued to the guide instead of being glued in the GU groove according to the illustrated embodiment.
  • the threads of the lower parts and upper cover CPI and CPS are respectively internal and external so that the CPS hood part is screwed into the part of the CPI cover.
  • the means including the first and second cover parts can further be associated with a remotely controllable motor so as to automatically move the second propeller and tune the helix antenna to the frequency desired.

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Wendelantenne, umfassend erste und zweite leitende, strahlende Wendeln (HI, HS), die in derselben Richtung um eine gemeinsame Mittelachse (YY) verlaufen, wobei die erste und die zweite Wendel erste Abschnitte (HI1, HS1) aufweisen, die ineinandergeschachtelt sind, ohne mechanisch miteinander in Kontakt zu stehen, und zweite, nicht ineinandergeschachtelte Abschnitte (HI2, HS2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antenne ein Mittel (CPI, CPS) umfasst, um die zweite Wendel (HS) durch Gleiten in sich relativ zur ersten Wendel (HI) in Wendelrichtung zu verschieben.
  2. Antenne nach Patentanspruch 1, in der die erste und die zweite Wendel (HI und HS) im wesentlichen identisch sind.
  3. Antenne nach Patentanspruch 1 oder 2, in der die Wicklungen der ersten, verschachtelten Wendelabschnitte (HI1, HS1) sich in regelmäßigem Abstand voneinander befinden, vorzugsweise im wesentlichen im halben Abstand (P/2).
  4. Antenne nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 3, in der das Mittel zur Verschiebung in Wendelrichtung ein erstes, feststehendes Bauteil aus isolierendem Werkstoff (CPI) umfasst, das mindestens teilweise die erste Wendel (HI) aufnimmt, und ein zweites Bauteil aus isolierendem Werkstoff (CPS), das an das erste Bauteil (CPI) angeschraubt ist und mindestens teilweise die zweite Wendel (HS) aufnimmt.
  5. Antenne nach Patentanspruch 4, in der mindestens der zweite Abschnitt (HS2) der zweiten Wendel (HS) am zweiten Bauteil (CPS) befestigt ist.
  6. Antenne nach Patentanspruch 4 oder 5, einen Sockel aus Metall (EM) enthaltend, der eine Seite aufweist, an der ein Anschluss (CO) für eine Ultrahochfrequenzleitung befestigt ist, der über einen zentralen Leiter (CC) verfügt, der mit einem Draht (BR) des zweiten Abschnittes (HI2) der ersten Wendel (HI) verbunden ist, und auf deren anderer Seite ein Ende des genannten ersten Bauteiles (CPI) anliegt.
  7. Antenne nach Patentanspruch 6, einen Dichtungsring (RO) aufweisend, der zwischen dem genannten Ende des genannten ersten Bauteiles (CPI) und dem genannten Sockel (EM) angeordnet ist.
  8. Antenne nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 4 bis 7, in der ein Ende des genannten zweiten Bauteiles (CPS) geschlossen ist, vorzugsweise durch eine abnehmbare Kappe (CH).
  9. Antenne nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 4 bis 8, eine Frequenzgraduierung (GR) am genannten ersten Bauteil (CPI) entlang aufweisend und mit einem Ende des genannten zweiten Bauteiles (CPS) zusammenarbeitend.
  10. Antenne nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 9, ein zylindrisches Teil aus isolierendem Werkstoff (GU) aufweisend, das feststeht und im wesentlichen axial in mindestens der ersten Wendel (HI) angeordnet ist.
  11. Antenne nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 9, ein zylindrisches Teil aus isolierendem Werkstoff aufweisend, das mit der zweiten Wendel (HS) beweglich ist und im wesentlichen axial in mindestens der zweiten Wendel angeordnet ist.
EP98401449A 1997-07-04 1998-06-15 Wendelantenne mit variabler Länge Expired - Lifetime EP0889541B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9708631A FR2765732B1 (fr) 1997-07-04 1997-07-04 Antenne en helice variable
FR9708631 1997-07-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0889541A1 EP0889541A1 (de) 1999-01-07
EP0889541B1 true EP0889541B1 (de) 2003-04-02

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EP98401449A Expired - Lifetime EP0889541B1 (de) 1997-07-04 1998-06-15 Wendelantenne mit variabler Länge

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US (1) US6011525A (de)
EP (1) EP0889541B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69812776T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2765732B1 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2765732A1 (fr) 1999-01-08
EP0889541A1 (de) 1999-01-07
US6011525A (en) 2000-01-04
DE69812776T2 (de) 2003-10-16
DE69812776D1 (de) 2003-05-08
FR2765732B1 (fr) 1999-08-27

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