EP0889231B1 - Fuel injection system - Google Patents

Fuel injection system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0889231B1
EP0889231B1 EP98108851A EP98108851A EP0889231B1 EP 0889231 B1 EP0889231 B1 EP 0889231B1 EP 98108851 A EP98108851 A EP 98108851A EP 98108851 A EP98108851 A EP 98108851A EP 0889231 B1 EP0889231 B1 EP 0889231B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel injection
high pressure
fuel
accumulator
internal combustion
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EP98108851A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0889231A1 (en
Inventor
Katsuoki Itoh
Friedrich Boecking
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/02Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
    • F02M55/025Common rails
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/004Joints; Sealings
    • F02M55/005Joints; Sealings for high pressure conduits, e.g. connected to pump outlet or to injector inlet
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/3809Common rail control systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection system in internal combustion engines according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Patent Abstracts of Japan, Vol. 97, No. 7, July 31, 1997 & JP 9-060562 A discloses a fuel injection system in internal combustion engines.
  • a Kraftstoffhoch horrspreicher is supplied by a high-pressure pump with fuel.
  • the fuel is supplied to a plurality of fuel injection valves assigned to the internal combustion engine.
  • Each of the fuel injection valves has a pressure space upstream of its injection port, which is connected to the high-pressure fuel storage.
  • At the high-pressure fuel storage connection points are formed, with which it is connected in each case directly to the housing of a plurality of fuel injection valves.
  • a fuel injection system in which a first high-pressure fuel storage is provided as a high-pressure fuel source, the second high-pressure fuel storage supplies, which are associated with a respective fuel injection valve.
  • fuel is supplied to the fuel injection valve via a switching valve.
  • the high-pressure fuel accumulators are each connected to one another via high-pressure lines. These each provide a limited Flow area available and thus have a throttling effect on the supply of the fuel injection valve with fuel. Sufficient fuel supply to the fuel injector via the respective fuel injection event depends on the size of the accumulator, its pressure level, its refill capacity, and ultimately on the restrictions in the high pressure lines.
  • the fuel injection system according to the invention according to the preamble of claim 1 has the advantage that the high-pressure fuel accumulator is used in the housing of the internal combustion engine in correspondingly adapted recesses and eliminates harmful line connections. In this way, a throttling influence of line connections is prevented and it is possible, the high-pressure fuel in one high refill rate to provide pressure space in the fuel injection valve.
  • the high-pressure fuel storage is designed as an elongate hollow body which extends transversely to the longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valves.
  • the high-pressure fuel storage is used in a longitudinal channel of the housing and is fixed in position there and the fuel injection valves are pressed in the region of the connection point against the position-fixed fuel high pressure accumulator.
  • the tightness at each fuel injection valve can be individually checked and ensured.
  • a pressure piece is provided through which the fuel injection valves with their housing in the region of their entry point Exit points of the high-pressure fuel storage are pressed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the fuel injection system with the high-pressure fuel storage 2 shows a partial section through the high-pressure fuel accumulator and a fuel injection valve associated therewith in a first embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 3 shows an enlarged view of the connection point between high-pressure fuel accumulator and fuel injection valve
  • Figure 4 shows a second embodiment of the connection between a fuel injection valve and the high-pressure fuel storage.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the fuel injection system according to the invention.
  • a prefeed pump 2 from a fuel tank 1 promotes fuel to a high-pressure pump 3, which is connected via a pressure line 4 with a high-pressure fuel storage 5.
  • This fuel supplied to Einspritzdurck is provided for the supply of fuel injection valves 6.
  • the pressure in the high-pressure fuel accumulator 5 can be monitored by means of a pressure sensor 8, whose signals are detected by an electrical control unit 9, which in turn, as stated here, controls the high-pressure delivery of the high-pressure pump 3.
  • a pressure limiting valve 10 is provided for this purpose, which could also serve the pressure control in the high-pressure fuel storage 5 by controlled discharge of the high-pressure fuel storage 5 in another embodiment instead of said control of the high pressure pump.
  • the injection is also controlled by the fuel injection valves 6, which are designed as electrically controllable fuel injection valves.
  • the figure 1 is removable, that the fuel injection valves are assigned directly to the high-pressure fuel storage 5. This assignment shows the illustration in FIG. 2 in more detail.
  • the high-pressure fuel accumulator 5 is shown, which is fixed by means not shown in its position. It is further shown a section of a fuel injection valve 6 in section, which is used axially and radially fixed in a recess 12 of the engine housing 14.
  • the high-pressure fuel accumulator for example, also in a recess 15, for example in the form of a longitudinal channel in the engine housing 14, fixed.
  • the fuel injection valve 6 has a valve needle 17 which controls injection openings 18 in a known manner. Upstream of these injection openings, a pressure chamber 19 is provided, which is supplied with fuel from a pressure line 20, which extends in the housing 21 of the fuel injection valve in the longitudinal direction. The injection valve needle is acted upon by a compression spring 22 in the closing direction. Contrary to the force of this is supported on the fuel injection valve housing compression spring 22 a pressure in the pressure chamber 19 exposed pressure shoulder 23 is provided, via which from the pressure surface and pressure in the pressure chamber resulting force the injection valve needle 17 can be moved against the force of the spring in the open position.
  • a plunger 24 In extension of the injection valve needle but additionally acts a plunger 24, which is also exposed here in a manner not shown also the pressure of a pressure chamber whose pressure level is variable by means of an electrically controlled valve. If this pressure chamber relieved, the valve needle 17 can be brought against the force of the compression spring 22 in the opening direction. However, if the pressure builds up in said pressure chamber, the plunger 24 presses the valve needle 17 counter to its opening force in the closed position.
  • the pressure line 20 is provided which has an entry point 27 on the lateral surface 25 of the injection valve housing 21 in the central region of the injection valve housing longitudinal extent. This entry point 27 is in close contact with an exit point 26 on the high-pressure fuel reservoir 5.
  • the entry point and the exit point form a connection point.
  • the injection valve is pressed by means of a pressure piece 36 with its Einflittsstelle on the exit point 26. This is shown in detail in FIG. 3. It recognizes there again a part of the housing 21 of the fuel injection valve with the pressure line or the pressure channel 20 therein. From these branches off a transverse channel 28, which ends in the region of a trough-shaped recess 29.
  • This trough-shaped recess is incorporated as a sealing surface in the lateral surface 25 of the injection valve housing 21 and serves to receive the exit point 26 on the high-pressure fuel storage 5.
  • the exit point is formed as a projection 31 approximately knob-shaped with a spherical surface 32, which is also worked as a sealing surface.
  • a fuel passage 34 Radially to the longitudinal axis 33 of the high-pressure fuel storage occurs at the highest point of the projection 31, a fuel passage 34, which is aligned with the cross-sectional channel 28 at close contact of the high-pressure fuel accumulator on the fuel injection valve housing 21 and thus a direct connection between the high-pressure fuel storage 5 and the pressure channel 20 and the pressure chamber 19th the fuel injection valve manufactures.
  • the pressure piece 36 is provided transversely to the longitudinal extent of the fuel injection valve, which enters the recess 12 and with the Injection valve housing 21 is braced so that it is pressed with its entry point 27 against the exit point 26 of the fixed in the longitudinal channel 15 high-pressure fuel storage.
  • the spherical configuration of the projection 31 allows to compensate for misalignment. In this case, a pairing is possible such that the surface of the projection 31 is spherical, while the surface of the recess 29 is conical, so that a line contact can be realized as a sealing edge. Nevertheless, of course, a correspondingly adapted spherical trough-shaped combination between entry point and exit point can of course be realized.
  • connection regions can also be realized in conical surfaces, in which case the alignment error compensation is no longer possible to a large extent.
  • the cone angles must deviate from each other, so that in the region of the projection 31, a conical surface are provided with a smaller tip angle of the generating cone, while the corresponding generating cone for the conical surface on the fuel injection valve housing 21 should be correspondingly larger.
  • FIG. 3 An alternative embodiment to the embodiment 3 is the figure 4 removable.
  • the projection is provided on the side of the fuel injection valve instead of on the side of the high-pressure fuel accumulator.
  • This projection 31 ' is analogous to the embodiment of Figure 3 with a spherical surface 32' equipped, which is machined as a sealing surface and the transverse channel 28 'opens here again at the highest point of this spherical projection 31'.
  • On the opposite side now has the high-pressure fuel storage 5 'a trough-shaped recess 29', which may be either spherical or conical and is also designed as a sealing surface.
  • the channel 34 from the interior of the high-pressure fuel storage with the Interior 37, which is kept filled by the high-pressure fuel pump 3 filled with fuel, out.
  • the said projection bridges in both cases according to FIG. 3 and according to FIG. 4 an intersection opening 38 between the recess 12 and the recess 15.
  • This intersection opening allows the connection between the high-pressure fuel accumulator mounted in the housing 14 of the internal combustion engine and the fuel injection valve mounted in this housing.
  • the projection 31 and 31 ' is still necessary to compensate for misalignment and to provide the necessary space for pressing the injector to the high-pressure fuel storage, so that a nozzle-shaped connection between the two can be realized.
  • the contact pressure, which is carried out by a pressure piece 36 can be realized in various forms and adjusted individually at each connection point, so that always an exact tight connection between the fuel injection valve and high-pressure accumulator is possible regardless of the necessary manufacturing and installation tolerances.
  • This solution according to the invention provides a shortest connection between the high-pressure fuel accumulator and the injection point on the fuel injection valve, which minimizes the throttle losses in the connection between the high-pressure fuel accumulator and the injection point on the fuel injection valve.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem bei Brennkraftmaschinen nach der Gattung des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fuel injection system in internal combustion engines according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Durch Patent Abstracts of Japan, Band 97, Nr. 7, 31. Juli 1997 & JP 9-060562 A ist ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem bei Brennkraftmaschinen bekannt. Dabei wird ein Kraftstoffhochdruckspreicher von einer Hochdruckpumpe mit Kraftstoff versorgt. Vom Kraftstoffhöchdruckspeicher wird der Kraftstoff mehreren, der Brennkraftmaschine zugeordneten Kraftstoffeinspritzventilen zugeführt. Jedes der Kraftstoffeinspritzventile weist einen Druckraum stromaufwärts ihrer Einspritzöffnung auf, der mit dem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher verbunden ist. Am Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher sind Anschlussstellen ausgebildet, mit denen er jeweils direkt mit dem Gehäuse mehrerer Kraftstoffeinspritzventile verbunden ist.Patent Abstracts of Japan, Vol. 97, No. 7, July 31, 1997 & JP 9-060562 A discloses a fuel injection system in internal combustion engines. In this case, a Kraftstoffhochdruckspreicher is supplied by a high-pressure pump with fuel. From the high-pressure fuel accumulator, the fuel is supplied to a plurality of fuel injection valves assigned to the internal combustion engine. Each of the fuel injection valves has a pressure space upstream of its injection port, which is connected to the high-pressure fuel storage. At the high-pressure fuel storage connection points are formed, with which it is connected in each case directly to the housing of a plurality of fuel injection valves.

Durch die DE-OS 43 41 546 ist ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem bekannt, bei dem als Kraftstoffhochdruckquelle ein erster Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher vorgesehen ist, der zweite Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher versorgt, die einem jeweiligen Kraftstoffeinspritzventil zugeordnet sind. Aus diesem zweiten Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher wird über ein Schaltventil Kraftstoff dem Kraftstoffeinspritzventil zugeführt. Die Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher sind jeweils über Hochdruckleitungen miteinander verbunden. Diese stellen jeweils einen begrenzten Durchflußquerschnitt zur Verfügung und haben somit auch einen drosselnden Einfluß auf die Versorgung des Kraftstoffeinspritzventils mit Kraftstoff. Eine ausreichende Kraftstoffversorgung des Kraftstoffeinspritzventils über den jeweiligen Kraftstoffeinspritzvorgang hängt von der Größe des Speichers, seinem Druckniveau, seiner Wiederauffüllkapazität und letztlich von den Drosselungen in den Hochdruckleitungen ab. Werden diese Parameter nicht im ausreichenden Maße berücksichtigt, kann es zu Druckeinbrüchen während des jeweiligen Kraftstoffeinspritzvorgangs am Kraftstoffeinspritzventil kommen. Durch Vergrößerung der eine solche Reduzierung der Kraftstoffversorgung bewirkenden Parameter führt jedoch zu erheblichen Überdimensionierungen. Insbesondere haben aber drosselnde Leitungsverbindungen zwischen Hochdruckspeicher und Kraftstoffeinspritzventil auch wegen der Elastizität der Leitungen und des dadurch variablen Schluckvolumen bei Druckänderungen einem erheblich negativen Einfluß auf die Gewährleistung eines bestimmten Druckniveaus, selbst wenn Kraftstoff unter Hochdruck in ausreichender Menge aus den Hochdruckspeichern zur Verfügung steht.From DE-OS 43 41 546 a fuel injection system is known in which a first high-pressure fuel storage is provided as a high-pressure fuel source, the second high-pressure fuel storage supplies, which are associated with a respective fuel injection valve. For this second high-pressure fuel storage fuel is supplied to the fuel injection valve via a switching valve. The high-pressure fuel accumulators are each connected to one another via high-pressure lines. These each provide a limited Flow area available and thus have a throttling effect on the supply of the fuel injection valve with fuel. Sufficient fuel supply to the fuel injector via the respective fuel injection event depends on the size of the accumulator, its pressure level, its refill capacity, and ultimately on the restrictions in the high pressure lines. If these parameters are not taken into account to a sufficient extent, there may be pressure drops during the respective fuel injection process at the fuel injection valve. However, increasing the parameter causing such a reduction of the fuel supply leads to considerable overdimensioning. In particular, but throttling line connections between high-pressure accumulator and fuel injection valve also because of the elasticity of the lines and the resulting variable displacement in pressure changes a significant negative impact on ensuring a certain pressure levels, even if fuel is available under high pressure in sufficient quantity from the high-pressure accumulators available.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nach der Gattung des Patentanspruchs 1 hat den Vorteil, dass der Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher im Gehäuse der Brennkraftmaschine in entsprechend angepaßte Ausnehmungen eingesetzt ist und schädliche Leitungsverbindungen entfallen. Auf diese Weise ist ein drosselnder Einfluß von Leitungsverbindungen verhindert und es besteht die Möglichkeit, den Hochdruckkraftstoff in einer hohen Nachfüllrate zum Druckraum im Kraftstoffeinspritzventil zur Verfügung zu stellen.The fuel injection system according to the invention according to the preamble of claim 1 has the advantage that the high-pressure fuel accumulator is used in the housing of the internal combustion engine in correspondingly adapted recesses and eliminates harmful line connections. In this way, a throttling influence of line connections is prevented and it is possible, the high-pressure fuel in one high refill rate to provide pressure space in the fuel injection valve.

In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung ist der Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher als langgestreckter Hohlkörper ausgebildet, der sich quer zur Längsachse der Kraftstoffeinspritzventile erstreckt. Damit ist die unmittelbare Anbindung des Kraftstoffhochdruckspeichers an die Einspritzventile gewährleistet und es können die bereits genannten kurzen Verbindungen zwischen dem Volumen des Kraftstoffhochdruckspeichers und dem Druckraum im Kraftstoffeinspritzventil realisiert werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the high-pressure fuel storage is designed as an elongate hollow body which extends transversely to the longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valves. Thus, the direct connection of the high-pressure fuel accumulator is ensured to the injectors and it can be the already mentioned short connections between the volume of the high-pressure fuel storage and the pressure chamber in the fuel injection valve can be realized.

Zur wirksamen dichten, hochdruckfesten Verbindung zwischen Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher und den Kraftstoffeinspritzventilen erfolgt eine Ausgestaltung gemäß Patentanspruch 3. Dabei ist es unabhängig, ob der Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher, wie oben erwähnt, in eine entsprechende Ausnehmung im Gehäuse der Brennkraftmaschine eingesetzt ist oder auf andere Weise an der Brennkraftmaschine fixiert ist.It is independent whether the high-pressure fuel storage, as mentioned above, is inserted into a corresponding recess in the housing of the internal combustion engine or is otherwise fixed to the internal combustion engine ,

Vorteilhaft ist jedoch, wenn gemäß Patentanspruch 4 der Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher in einem Längskanal des Gehäuses eingesetzt ist und dort lagefixiert ist und die Kraftstoffeinspritzventile im Bereich der Anschlußstelle gegen den lagefixierten Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher gepreßt werden. Dadurch kann individuell die Dichtheit bei einem jedem Kraftstoffeinspritzventil überprüft und sichergestellt werden.It is advantageous, however, if according to claim 4, the high-pressure fuel storage is used in a longitudinal channel of the housing and is fixed in position there and the fuel injection valves are pressed in the region of the connection point against the position-fixed fuel high pressure accumulator. As a result, the tightness at each fuel injection valve can be individually checked and ensured.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung dazu gemäß Patentanspruch 5 ist ein Druckstück vorgesehen, durch das die Kraftstoffeinspritzventile mit ihrem Gehäuse im Bereich ihrer Eintrittsstelle an Austrittsstellen des Kraftstoffhochdruckspeichers gepreßt werden.In a further embodiment according to claim 5, a pressure piece is provided through which the fuel injection valves with their housing in the region of their entry point Exit points of the high-pressure fuel storage are pressed.

Dabei sind diese Eintrittsstellen und Austrittsstellen gemäß Patentanspruch 6 mit Dichtflächen umgeben, die unter Anpreßdruck die Dichtheit gewährleistet.These entry points and exit points are surrounded according to claim 6 with sealing surfaces, which ensures the tightness under contact pressure.

Mit der Ausgestaltung gemäß Patentansprüche 7 bis 9 ist es möglich, dass bei gegebener Lagefixierung des Kraftstoffhochdruckspeichers im Bereich der Anschlußstelle zwischen Kraftstoffeinspritzventilgehäuse und Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher ein Fluchtungsausgleich realisiert werden kann.With the embodiment according to claims 7 to 9, it is possible that with a given positional fixation of the high-pressure fuel accumulator in the region of the connection point between the fuel injection valve housing and high-pressure fuel storage an alignment compensation can be realized.

Zeichnungdrawing

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems mit dem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher und den Kraftstoffeinspritzventilen, Figur 2 einen Teilschnitt durch den Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher und einem ihm zugeordneten Kraftstoffeinspritzventil in einer ersten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, Figur 3 eine vergrößerte Darstellung der Anschlußstelle zwischen Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher und Kraftstoffeinspritzventil und Figur 4 eine zweite Ausführungsform der Verbindung zwischen einem Kraftstoffeinspritzventil und dem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher.Two embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be explained in more detail in the following description. 1 shows a schematic representation of the fuel injection system with the high-pressure fuel storage 2 shows a partial section through the high-pressure fuel accumulator and a fuel injection valve associated therewith in a first embodiment of the invention, Figure 3 shows an enlarged view of the connection point between high-pressure fuel accumulator and fuel injection valve and Figure 4 shows a second embodiment of the connection between a fuel injection valve and the high-pressure fuel storage.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Figur 1 zeigt eine Prinzipdarstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems. Dabei fördert eine Vorförderpumpe 2 aus einem Kraftstoffvorratsbehälter 1 Kraftstoff zu einer Hochdruckpumpe 3, die über eine Druckleitung 4 mit einem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 5 verbunden ist. Diesem wird auf Einspritzdurck gebrachter Kraftstoff zur Versorgung von Kraftstoffeinspritzventilen 6 zur Verfügung gestellt.Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the fuel injection system according to the invention. In this case, a prefeed pump 2 from a fuel tank 1 promotes fuel to a high-pressure pump 3, which is connected via a pressure line 4 with a high-pressure fuel storage 5. This fuel supplied to Einspritzdurck is provided for the supply of fuel injection valves 6.

Der Druck im Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 5 kann dabei mit Hilfe eines Druckfühlers 8 überwacht werden, dessen Signale von einem elektrischen Steuergerät 9 erfaßt werden, das wiederum, wie hier ausgeführt, die Hochdruckförderleistung der Hochdruckpumpe 3 steuert. Zusätzlich ist hierzu aus Sicherheitsgründen ein Druckbegrenzungsventil 10 vorgesehen, das in anderer Ausführung statt der genannten Steuerung der Hochdruckpumpe auch noch der Drucksteuerung im Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 5 durch gesteuerte Entlasstung des Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 5 dienen könnte. Durch das Steuergerät 9 wird ferner auch die Einspritzung über die Kraftstoffeinspritzventile 6 gesteuert, die als elektrisch steuerbare Kraftstoffeinspritzventile ausgebildet sind. Der Figur 1 ist entnehmbar, daß die Kraftstoffeinspritzventile unmittelbar dem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 5 zugeordnet sind. Diese Zuordnung zeigt die Darstellung in Figur 2 etwas genauer. Hier ist wiederum der Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 5 dargestellt, der durch nicht weiter dargestellte Mittel in seiner Lage fixiert ist. Es ist weiterhin ein Teil eines Kraftstoffeinspritzventils 6 im Schnitt dargestellt, das in einer Ausnehmung 12 des Brennkraftmaschinengehäuses 14 axial und radial fixiert eingesetzt ist. Der Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher ist beispielsweise ebenfalls in eine Ausnehmung 15, z.B. in Form eines Längskanals im Brennkraftmaschinengehäuse 14, fixiert.The pressure in the high-pressure fuel accumulator 5 can be monitored by means of a pressure sensor 8, whose signals are detected by an electrical control unit 9, which in turn, as stated here, controls the high-pressure delivery of the high-pressure pump 3. In addition, a pressure limiting valve 10 is provided for this purpose, which could also serve the pressure control in the high-pressure fuel storage 5 by controlled discharge of the high-pressure fuel storage 5 in another embodiment instead of said control of the high pressure pump. By the control unit 9, the injection is also controlled by the fuel injection valves 6, which are designed as electrically controllable fuel injection valves. The figure 1 is removable, that the fuel injection valves are assigned directly to the high-pressure fuel storage 5. This assignment shows the illustration in FIG. 2 in more detail. Here again, the high-pressure fuel accumulator 5 is shown, which is fixed by means not shown in its position. It is further shown a section of a fuel injection valve 6 in section, which is used axially and radially fixed in a recess 12 of the engine housing 14. The high-pressure fuel accumulator, for example, also in a recess 15, for example in the form of a longitudinal channel in the engine housing 14, fixed.

Das Kraftstoffeinspritzventil 6 weist eine Ventilnadel 17 auf, die in bekannter Weise Einspritzöffnungen 18 steuert. Stromaufwärts dieser Einspritzöffnungen ist ein Druckraum 19 vorgesehen, der von einer Druckleitung 20, die im Gehäuse 21 des Kraftstoffeinspritzventils in Längsrichtung verläuft, mit Kraftstoff versorgt wird. Die Einspritzventilnadel wird durch eine Druckfeder 22 in Schließrichtung beaufschlagt. Entgegen der Kraft dieser sich an dem Kraftstoffeinspritzventilgehäuse abstützenden Druckfeder 22 ist eine dem Druck im Druckraum 19 ausgesetzte Druckschulter 23 vorgesehen, über die aus der aus Druckfläche und Druck im Druckraum resultierenden Kraft die Einspritzventilnadel 17 gegen die Kraft der Feder in Öffnungsstellung bewegt werden kann. In Verlängerung der Einspritzventilnadel wirkt aber zusätzlich ein Stößel 24, der hier in nicht weiter gezeigter Weise ebenfalls dem Druck eines Druckraums ausgesetzt ist, dessen Druckniveau mit Hilfe eines elektrisch gesteuerten Ventils veränderbar ist. Wird dieser Druckraum entlastet, so kann die Ventilnadel 17 gegen die Kraft der Druckfeder 22 in Öffnungsrichtung gebracht werden. Wird jedoch in dem genannten Druckraum der Druck aufgebaut, so drückt der Stößel 24 die Ventilnadel 17 entgegen ihrer Öffnungskraft in Schließstellung.The fuel injection valve 6 has a valve needle 17 which controls injection openings 18 in a known manner. Upstream of these injection openings, a pressure chamber 19 is provided, which is supplied with fuel from a pressure line 20, which extends in the housing 21 of the fuel injection valve in the longitudinal direction. The injection valve needle is acted upon by a compression spring 22 in the closing direction. Contrary to the force of this is supported on the fuel injection valve housing compression spring 22 a pressure in the pressure chamber 19 exposed pressure shoulder 23 is provided, via which from the pressure surface and pressure in the pressure chamber resulting force the injection valve needle 17 can be moved against the force of the spring in the open position. In extension of the injection valve needle but additionally acts a plunger 24, which is also exposed here in a manner not shown also the pressure of a pressure chamber whose pressure level is variable by means of an electrically controlled valve. If this pressure chamber relieved, the valve needle 17 can be brought against the force of the compression spring 22 in the opening direction. However, if the pressure builds up in said pressure chamber, the plunger 24 presses the valve needle 17 counter to its opening force in the closed position.

Zur Versorgung des Druckraumes 19 mit auf hohem Einspritzdruck gebrachten Kraftstoff ist die Druckleitung 20 vorgesehen, die eine Eintrittsstelle 27 an der Mantelfläche 25 des Einspritzventilgehäuses 21 im mittleren Bereich der Einspritzventilgehäuse Längserstreckung hat. Diese Eintrittsstelle 27 ist im dichten Kontakt mit einer Austrittsstelle 26 am Krafstoffhochdruckspeicher 5. Die Einstrittsstelle und die Austrittsstelle bilden eine Anschlußstelle. Zur dichten Verbindung wird das Einspritzventil mittels eines Druckstücks 36 mit ihrer Einstrittsstelle auf die Austrittsstelle 26 gepreßt. dies ist genauer der Figur 3 entnembar. Man erkennt dort wiederum einen Teil des Gehäuses 21 des Kraftstoffeinspritzventils mit der Druckleitung bzw. dem Druckkanal 20 darin. Von diesen zweigt ein Querkanal 28 ab, der im Bereich einer muldenförmigen Ausnehmung 29 endet. Diese muldenförmige Ausnehmung ist als Dichtfläche in die Mantelfläche 25 des Einspritzventilgehäuses 21 eingearbeitet und dient zur Aufnahme der Austrittsstelle 26 am Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 5. Die Austrittsstelle ist als Vorsprung 31 etwa noppenförmig ausgebildet mit einer kugeligen Oberfläche 32, die ebenfalls als Dichtfläche gearbeitet ist. Radial zur Längsachse 33 des Kraftstoffhochdruckspeichers tritt am höchsten Punkt des Vorsprungs 31 ein Kraftstoffkanal 34 aus, der bei dichter Anlage des Kraftstoffhochdruckspeichers am Kraftstoffeinspritzventilgehäuse 21 mit dem Querkanal 28 fluchtet und somit eine direkte Verbindung zwischen dem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 5 und dem Druckkanal 20 bzw. dem Druckraum 19 des Kraftstoffeinspritzventils herstellt.To supply the pressure chamber 19 with fuel brought to high injection pressure, the pressure line 20 is provided which has an entry point 27 on the lateral surface 25 of the injection valve housing 21 in the central region of the injection valve housing longitudinal extent. This entry point 27 is in close contact with an exit point 26 on the high-pressure fuel reservoir 5. The entry point and the exit point form a connection point. For tight connection, the injection valve is pressed by means of a pressure piece 36 with its Einflittsstelle on the exit point 26. this is shown in detail in FIG. 3. It recognizes there again a part of the housing 21 of the fuel injection valve with the pressure line or the pressure channel 20 therein. From these branches off a transverse channel 28, which ends in the region of a trough-shaped recess 29. This trough-shaped recess is incorporated as a sealing surface in the lateral surface 25 of the injection valve housing 21 and serves to receive the exit point 26 on the high-pressure fuel storage 5. The exit point is formed as a projection 31 approximately knob-shaped with a spherical surface 32, which is also worked as a sealing surface. Radially to the longitudinal axis 33 of the high-pressure fuel storage occurs at the highest point of the projection 31, a fuel passage 34, which is aligned with the cross-sectional channel 28 at close contact of the high-pressure fuel accumulator on the fuel injection valve housing 21 and thus a direct connection between the high-pressure fuel storage 5 and the pressure channel 20 and the pressure chamber 19th the fuel injection valve manufactures.

Zur Sicherstellung der dichten Verbindung zwischen Eintrittsstelle 27 und Austrittsstelle 26 ist quer zur Längserstreckung des Kraftstoffeinspritzventils das Druckstück 36 vorgesehen, das in die Ausnehmung 12 eintritt und mit dem Einspritzventilgehäuse 21 so verspannt ist, daß dieses mit seiner Eintrittsstelle 27 gegen die Austrittsstelle 26 des in dem Längskanal 15 fixierten Kraftstoffhochdruckspeichers gepreßt wird. Die kugelige Ausgestaltung des Vorsprungs 31 erlaubt hier Fluchtungsfehler auszugleichen. Dabei ist eine Paarung möglich derart, daß die Oberfläche des Vorsprungs 31 kugelig ist, während die Oberfläche der Ausnehmung 29 kegelförmig ausgebildet ist, so daß eine Linienberührung als Dichtkante verwirklichbar ist. Nichts desto trotz kann natürlich auch eine entsprechend angepaßte kugelig muldenförmige Kombination zwischen Eintrittsstelle und Austrittsstelle verwirklicht werden. Schließlich können beide Verbindungsbereiche auch in Kegelflächen realisiert werden, wobei hier die Fluchtungsfehlerkompensation nicht mehr in dem großen Umfang möglich ist. Insbesondere müssen die Kegelwinkel voneinander abweichen, so daß im Bereich des Vorsprungs 31 eine Kegelfläche mit einem kleineren Spitzenwinkel des erzeugenden Kegels vorgesehen werden, während der entsprechende erzeugende Kegel für die Kegelfläche am Kraftstoffeinspritzventilgehäuse 21 entsprechend größer sein müßte.To ensure the tight connection between the entry point 27 and exit point 26, the pressure piece 36 is provided transversely to the longitudinal extent of the fuel injection valve, which enters the recess 12 and with the Injection valve housing 21 is braced so that it is pressed with its entry point 27 against the exit point 26 of the fixed in the longitudinal channel 15 high-pressure fuel storage. The spherical configuration of the projection 31 allows to compensate for misalignment. In this case, a pairing is possible such that the surface of the projection 31 is spherical, while the surface of the recess 29 is conical, so that a line contact can be realized as a sealing edge. Nevertheless, of course, a correspondingly adapted spherical trough-shaped combination between entry point and exit point can of course be realized. Finally, both connection regions can also be realized in conical surfaces, in which case the alignment error compensation is no longer possible to a large extent. In particular, the cone angles must deviate from each other, so that in the region of the projection 31, a conical surface are provided with a smaller tip angle of the generating cone, while the corresponding generating cone for the conical surface on the fuel injection valve housing 21 should be correspondingly larger.

Eine alternative Ausgestaltung zur Ausführung 3 ist der Figur 4 entnehmbar. Hier ist der Vorsprung statt auf der Seite des Kraftstoffhochdruckspeichers auf der Seite des Kraftstoffeinspritzventils vorgesehen. Dieser Vorsprung 31' ist analog zur Ausgestaltung nach Figur 3 mit einer kugeligen Oberfläche 32' ausgestattet, die als Dichtfläche bearbeitet ist und der Querkanal 28' mündet hier wiederum an der höchsten Stelle dieses kugelförmigen Vorsprungs 31'. Auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite hat nun der Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher 5' eine muldenförmige Ausnehmung 29', die entweder kugelförmig oder kegelförmig sein kann und ebenfalls als Dichtfläche konzipiert ist. Zu dieser führt dann der Kanal 34 aus dem Inneren des Kraftstoffhochdruckspeichers mit dem Innenraum 37, der von der Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe 3 mit Kraftstoff gefüllt gehalten wird, heraus.An alternative embodiment to the embodiment 3 is the figure 4 removable. Here, the projection is provided on the side of the fuel injection valve instead of on the side of the high-pressure fuel accumulator. This projection 31 'is analogous to the embodiment of Figure 3 with a spherical surface 32' equipped, which is machined as a sealing surface and the transverse channel 28 'opens here again at the highest point of this spherical projection 31'. On the opposite side now has the high-pressure fuel storage 5 'a trough-shaped recess 29', which may be either spherical or conical and is also designed as a sealing surface. To this leads then the channel 34 from the interior of the high-pressure fuel storage with the Interior 37, which is kept filled by the high-pressure fuel pump 3 filled with fuel, out.

Der genannte Vorsprung überbrückt in beiden Fällen nach Figur 3 und nach Figur 4 eine Verschneidungsöffnung 38 zwischen der Ausnehmung 12 und der Ausnehmung 15. Diese Verschneidungsöffnung erlaubt die Verbindung zwischen dem im Gehäuse 14 der Brennkraftmaschine gelagerten Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher und-dem in diesem Gehäuse gelagerten Kraftstoffeinspritzventil. Der Vorsprung 31 bzw. 31' ist dabei weiterhin dafür notwendig, Fluchtungsfehler auszugleichen und den nötigen Freiraum zur Anpreßung des Einspritzventilgehäuses an den Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher zu schaffen, so daß eine stutzenförmige Verbindung zwischen den beiden verwirklicht werden kann. Die Anpressung, die her durch ein Druckstück 36 erfolgt ist kann in verschiedener Form realisiert werden und auch an jeder Anschlußstelle individuell eingestellt werden, so daß immer eine exakte dichte Verbindung zwischen Kraftstoffeinspritzventil und Hochdruckspeicher ermöglicht ist unabhängig von den notwendigen Herstellungs- und Einbautoleranzen.The said projection bridges in both cases according to FIG. 3 and according to FIG. 4 an intersection opening 38 between the recess 12 and the recess 15. This intersection opening allows the connection between the high-pressure fuel accumulator mounted in the housing 14 of the internal combustion engine and the fuel injection valve mounted in this housing. The projection 31 and 31 'is still necessary to compensate for misalignment and to provide the necessary space for pressing the injector to the high-pressure fuel storage, so that a nozzle-shaped connection between the two can be realized. The contact pressure, which is carried out by a pressure piece 36 can be realized in various forms and adjusted individually at each connection point, so that always an exact tight connection between the fuel injection valve and high-pressure accumulator is possible regardless of the necessary manufacturing and installation tolerances.

Mit dieser erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wird ein kürzeste Verbindung zwischen dem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher und der Einspritzstelle am Kraftstoffeinspritzventil geschaffen, die die Drosselverluste in der Verbindung zwischen dem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher zur Einspritzstelle am Kraftstoffeinspritzventil minimiert.This solution according to the invention provides a shortest connection between the high-pressure fuel accumulator and the injection point on the fuel injection valve, which minimizes the throttle losses in the connection between the high-pressure fuel accumulator and the injection point on the fuel injection valve.

Claims (9)

  1. Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines having a high pressure fuel accumulator (5), which is supplied with fuel by a high pressure pump (3), for feeding a plurality of fuel injection valves (6) which are assigned to the internal combustion engine, said fuel injection valves (6) having a housing (21) and a pressure space (19) upstream of their injection opening (18), said pressure space (19) being connected in each case to the high pressure fuel accumulator (5), the high pressure fuel accumulator (5) having port points (26), by means of which it is connected directly to the housing (21) of a plurality of fuel injection valves (6), characterized in that both the high pressure fuel accumulator (5) and the fuel injection valves (6) can be placed in a housing (14) of the internal combustion engine in correspondingly matched recesses (12, 15).
  2. Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines according to Claim 1, characterized in that the high pressure fuel accumulator (5) is embodied as an elongate hollow body which extends transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valves (6).
  3. Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the high pressure fuel accumulator (5) can be fixed to the housing (14) of the internal combustion engine so as to lie transversely with respect to the axis of the fuel injection valves (6) and so as to form the port points there in each case, with a projection (31, 31') being provided on the fuel injection valve housing (21) or on the high pressure fuel accumulator (5) at each of said port points said projection (31, 31') accommodating in each case one inlet point (27) into the fuel injection valve housing (21) or an outlet point (26) on the high pressure fuel accumulator (5), the fuel injection valve housing (21) and the high pressure fuel accumulator (5) being held against one another so as to be in sealing contact in the region of the port point (26, 27) by means of a contact pressure applied to one of said parts, the fuel injection valve housing (21) or the high pressure fuel accumulator (5).
  4. Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines according to Claim 3, characterized in that the high pressure fuel accumulator (5) can be placed in a longitudinal duct (15) in the housing (14) of the internal combustion engine, which longitudinal duct (15) intersects recesses (12) for accommodating the fuel injection valves (6), and the port point (26, 27) is formed in each case at the intersection opening (38) between the longitudinal duct (15) and the recesses (12), having a projection (31, 31') on the fuel injection valve housing (21) or on the high pressure fuel accumulator (5), said projection (31, 31') accommodating an inlet point (27) into the fuel injection valve housing (21) or an outlet point (26) on the high pressure fuel accumulator (5), and said projection (31, 31') in each case projecting through the intersection opening (38), with the fuel injection valve housing and the high pressure fuel accumulator (5) being held against one another so as to be in sealing contact in the region of the port point (26, 27) by means of a contact pressure applied to one of said parts, the fuel injection valve housing or the high pressure fuel accumulator (5).
  5. Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines according to one of Claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the inlet point (27) of the fuel injection valve housing (21) is in each case pressed against one of the outlet points (26) on the high pressure fuel accumulator (5) by means of a thrust piece (36).
  6. Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines according to Claim 5, characterized in that the inlet points (27) and the outlet points (26) are surrounded by a surface designed as a sealing face (29, 32).
  7. Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines according to Claim 6, characterized in that the sealing face (29, 32) of in each case one of the parts, the fuel injection valve housing (21) or the high pressure fuel accumulator (5), is conical and the sealing face of the other of said parts is spherical.
  8. Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines according to claim 6, characterized in that the sealing faces (29, 32) of both parts, the fuel injection valve housing (21) and the high pressure fuel accumulator (5), are spherical with different ball radii.
  9. Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines according to claim 6, characterized in that the sealing faces (29, 32) of both parts, the fuel injection valve housing (21) and the high pressure fuel accumulator (5), are conical with different cone angles.
EP98108851A 1997-07-02 1998-05-15 Fuel injection system Expired - Lifetime EP0889231B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19728111A DE19728111A1 (en) 1997-07-02 1997-07-02 Fuel injection system
DE19728111 1997-07-02

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EP0889231B1 true EP0889231B1 (en) 2007-02-21

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US (1) US6135091A (en)
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JP (1) JP4242946B2 (en)
KR (1) KR19990013534A (en)
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RU (1) RU2208696C2 (en)

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KR19990013534A (en) 1999-02-25
US6135091A (en) 2000-10-24
DE19728111A1 (en) 1999-01-07
JPH1172058A (en) 1999-03-16
DE59813909D1 (en) 2007-04-05
RU2208696C2 (en) 2003-07-20
EP0889231A1 (en) 1999-01-07
JP4242946B2 (en) 2009-03-25

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