EP0880642B1 - Vorrichtung zum reinigen von abgasen aus verbrennungskraftmaschinen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum reinigen von abgasen aus verbrennungskraftmaschinen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0880642B1
EP0880642B1 EP97904288A EP97904288A EP0880642B1 EP 0880642 B1 EP0880642 B1 EP 0880642B1 EP 97904288 A EP97904288 A EP 97904288A EP 97904288 A EP97904288 A EP 97904288A EP 0880642 B1 EP0880642 B1 EP 0880642B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
ceramic
ceramic body
counter
megohms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97904288A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0880642A1 (de
Inventor
Carl Maria Prof. Dr. Fleck
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0880642A1 publication Critical patent/EP0880642A1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/60—Use of special materials other than liquids
    • B03C3/62—Use of special materials other than liquids ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/70—Applications of electricity supply techniques insulating in electric separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/0217—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters the filtering elements having the form of hollow cylindrical bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/0275—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means using electric discharge means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/12—Cleaning the device by burning the trapped particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/30—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation for use in or with vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for cleaning exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, especially diesel soot filters, according to the Preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome these disadvantages by constructive Prevent measures.
  • the hollow interior of the ceramic body also on the back by an insulator, preferably by a ceramic stopper, which preferably has a passage Has 1-2mm diameter, through which the inner electrode with high voltage is supplied.
  • the supply of high voltage on the back has the advantage that very low soot deposits are already present in this area and in addition, the field strength at the bushing due to the small diameter the supply line is so high that there is an immediate burning of the there deposited soot, which in turn leads to the formation of conductive soot bridges prevented.
  • the discharge electrode can carried by the ceramic body and at the same high voltage potential how the inner electrode lies.
  • the teeth of the discharge electrode a ceramic coating with a thickness at the tips between 0.05mm and 0.2mm and have an electrical volume resistance per peak between 1 megohm and 1 gigohm, preferably between 10 megohms and 100 megohms.
  • the ceramic coating of the counterelectrode has a thickness between 0.1 and 0.5 mm and an electrical volume resistance between 1Megaohm.cm 2 and a Gigaohm.cm 2 , preferably between 10Megaohm.cm 2 and 100Megaohm .cm 2 .
  • the discharge electrode is preferably coated and / or counter electrode made of one of the materials A1203, TiO, ZrO and Cr0 or mixtures thereof.
  • the inner electrode arranged on the inside of the ceramic body at a distance from the inlet side and preferably also from the outlet side of the Channels of the ceramic body is arranged. This will train conductive soot bridges in the inlet and outlet area of the channels of the ceramic body prevented.
  • a PTC thermistor is arranged between the high-voltage inner electrode and the inner cylindrical surface of the ceramic body.
  • the PTC thermistor preferably increases its volume resistance from values below 10 megohm.cm 2 to at least 100 megohm.cm 2 , preferably 300 megohm.cm 2 , when the temperature rises from 100 ° C. to 500 ° C.
  • the resistance of the ceramic body decreases at higher temperatures too high, the high voltage at the inner electrode must be reduced be because of the high-voltage power supply to the electrical system of the Only limited power can be drawn from the vehicle. Thereby would, in the absence of the PTC thermistor, the one electrically connected in parallel to the inner electrode Discharge electrode or counter electrode set their function.
  • the PTC thermistor compensates for this by increasing its resistance at higher temperatures decreasing resistance of the ceramic body, whereby the function of the discharge electrode or the counter electrode is not impaired becomes. If there is an inhomogeneous current distribution in the ceramic body then there is local heating of the ceramic body, which can lead to thermal damage to the ceramic body. The local warming regulates the resistance of the PTC thermistor local power supply returns, resulting in an even distribution of the supplied Performance comes.
  • a ceramic body is in a cylindrical tube 2 made of metal 1 of circular cross-section through press mats, wire meshes 3 or the like.
  • the hollow cylindrical interior 22 of the ceramic body 1 is closed on both sides by plugs 4, 4 '.
  • On the inner wall 21 of the Ceramic body 1 is an electrically conductive, preferably metallic layer 5 arranged, which as an internal electrode connected to high voltage serves.
  • On the outer cylinder wall of the ceramic body 1 is a Metallic layer 6 serving for the outer electrode and being connected to ground.
  • the ceramic body has continuous in the longitudinal direction Channels 20, which preferably the brick structure known from EP-A 537219 exhibit.
  • the two plugs 4, 4 'each have a bushing 23, 23 ', through which an axially extending, as thin as possible metallic diameter Tube 7 is passed, which the counter electrode 28 on the inlet side wearing.
  • a bushing 23, 23 ' through which an axially extending, as thin as possible metallic diameter Tube 7 is passed, which the counter electrode 28 on the inlet side wearing.
  • 4' inserts (not shown) with in the axial direction of the tube extending shafts or fins are provided.
  • the Tube 7 tapers on the outlet side to a connection end 12, which in a Receiving opening 13 of a cylindrical ceramic holder 10 engages and supplied with high voltage via a conductor 11 guided in the holder 10 becomes.
  • the inner electrode 5 is the conductor 11, the terminal end 12, the Tube 7 and a contact spring 9 attached to tube 7 are connected to high voltage.
  • the ceramic body is preferably made of a cordierite mass manufactured by high pressure extrusion and then at high temperatures burned.
  • the ceramic body 1 should have a very low porosity, preferably less than 0.5%.
  • the height of the channels is usually between 0.6 and 1mm and the width of the channels 20 depending on the radial position between 3 and 6mm.
  • the discharge electrode is formed by a cylindrical tube body 8 having electron-emitting spray teeth 24, which abuts the tube 2.
  • the counterelectrode 28 opposite the discharge electrode 8 has a cylindrical base body which tapers conically in the inlet side.
  • the counter electrode 28 has a ceramic coating 14.
  • the coating has mm a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5, and has a calculated on the 2 cm electrical resistivity of 1megaohm.cm 1Gigaohm.cm 2 to 2, preferably from 2 10Megaohm.cm up to 100Megaohm.cm 2 .
  • the high voltage at the inner electrode 5 and thus at the counter electrode 28 is approximately plus 8 to 12 KV.
  • the high voltage is preferably regulated in proportion to the volume or mass flow of the exhaust gas within an interval of 2 KV / cm to 6KV / cm based on the distance between the inner electrode 5 and the outer electrode 6.
  • the one that flows in on inlet side A is loaded with diesel soot particles
  • Exhaust gas flows into the through the discharge electrode 8 and the counter electrode 28 formed annular channel 26 against the inlet openings of the channels 20 of the Ceramic body 1.
  • the exhaust gas components are ionized in the ring channel 26 and penetrate into the channels 20 of the ceramic body 1. Because of the cross to the Channels 20 established electric field are those contained in the exhaust gas and soot particles on the wall surfaces charged by the discharge electrode 8 of the channels 20 deposited and electrochemically by a due to the high electric field strength forming gas plasma from emitted electrons oxidized. Soot particles from the exhaust gas leaving the annular space 26 due to the plug 4, the interior 22 of the ceramic body 1 and thus the Do not reach inner electrode 5.
  • Soot particles will penetrate into the channels 20 and after deposition the walls of the channels 20 oxidized by the gas plasma. Soot particles, which deposit on the outside of the passage 23 on the plug 4 or on the tube 5 and there form conductive soot bridges due to the small Diameter of the tube 7 and the resulting high field strength there burned by sparking so that there are no longer conductive soot bridges can train.
  • the outlet side B is also at high voltage lying inner electrode 5 protected by the plug 4 '. At the Exhaust side B, the exhaust gas emerging from the channels is already largely from Soot particles freed.
  • the inner electrode extends 5 and the outer electrode 6 not over the entire length of the ceramic body 1, so that 1 in the inlet and outlet area of the ceramic body almost field-free flow area is preserved. This will cause a short circuit the inner electrode 5 with the outer electrode 6 via any to the Soot bridges occurring in the inlet and outlet openings of the channels are excluded.
  • Fig. 2 shows a section along the main axis of another embodiment of a diesel soot converter.
  • the ceramic body 1 electrically and mechanically from the discharge electrode 29 separated.
  • the one having the continuous channels 20 for the diesel exhaust gases Ceramic body also has an annular cross section and is expanded by press mats or wire mesh 3 in a tubular Part of the exhaust pipe 2 attached.
  • the hollow inner part 22 of the ceramic body 1 is on the inlet side with a non-conductive, preferably ceramic plug 4 closed.
  • On the inner and outer cylinder jacket of the ceramic body 1 is an electrically conductive layer, which acts as a high voltage internal electrode 5 or as an external electrode connected to ground 6 serves.
  • the hollow interior 22 of the ceramic body 1 is on the outlet side by a non-conductive, preferably ceramic plug 4 'closed.
  • the plug 4 ' has a thin bore through which a leads in the thinnest possible metallic tube 7, which the Contacting the inner electrode 5 with the aid of a contact spring 9.
  • the high voltage is the tube 7 through a ceramic in a cylindrical Holder 10 arranged conductor 11 supplied.
  • the back end of the tube 7 is tapered to a pin 12 which is electrically connected to the conductor 11 is connected and engages in a recess 13 of the holder 10.
  • the high voltage values are substantially identical to those of the embodiment Fig. 1, however, has the high voltage on the inner electrode 5 and on the discharge electrode 29 has a negative polarity.
  • the discharge electrode 29 is electrically and mechanically separated arranged by the ceramic body 1 in the pipe 2 of the exhaust line.
  • the discharge electrode 29 has a cylindrical spray teeth 24 supporting base body 25, which is thin on both sides, preferably 2 to 4 mm thick Has pins 18, 18 'through which the discharge electrode 8 in recesses 19, 19 'is supported by ceramic brackets 15, 16.
  • the high voltage is the discharge electrode 29 by a guided in the holder 16 Head 17 supplied via the pin 18.
  • Counterelectrode 30 is by a ceramic coating attached to tube 2 formed, which has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5.
  • the electrical resistance values correspond to those of the counter electrode 14 in the embodiment according to Fig. 1.
  • a PTC thermistor 27 is arranged, which when the temperature rises his resistance increased.
  • the PTC thermistor 27 compensates for the increase its resistance is the decreasing resistance at higher temperatures of the ceramic body 1.
  • the exhaust gas entering at A is in the annular space 26 between the discharge electrode 29 and counter electrode 30 ionize and flow through the channels 20 of the ceramic body 1 and leaves the soot filter at B. Due to the electrical built up between the inner electrode 5 and outer electrode 6 In the field, the soot particles contained in the exhaust gas are separated on the side walls of the channels 20. Step out of the walls of the channels 20 due to the temperature caused electrons from there prevailing electric field accelerated towards the soot deposits become and initiate an oxidation of the soot deposits.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
EP97904288A 1996-02-12 1997-02-10 Vorrichtung zum reinigen von abgasen aus verbrennungskraftmaschinen Expired - Lifetime EP0880642B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0024696A ATA24696A (de) 1996-02-12 1996-02-12 Vorrichtung zum reinigen von abgasen aus verbrennungskraftmaschinen
AT24696 1996-02-12
AT246/96 1996-02-12
PCT/AT1997/000024 WO1997030274A1 (de) 1996-02-12 1997-02-10 Vorrichtung zum reinigen von abgasen aus verbrennungskraftmaschinen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0880642A1 EP0880642A1 (de) 1998-12-02
EP0880642B1 true EP0880642B1 (de) 1999-12-22

Family

ID=3485438

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97904288A Expired - Lifetime EP0880642B1 (de) 1996-02-12 1997-02-10 Vorrichtung zum reinigen von abgasen aus verbrennungskraftmaschinen

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0880642B1 (xx)
JP (1) JP4005137B2 (xx)
AT (2) ATA24696A (xx)
AU (1) AU1711997A (xx)
BR (1) BR9707497A (xx)
CA (1) CA2246353A1 (xx)
CZ (1) CZ254898A3 (xx)
DE (1) DE59700888D1 (xx)
HU (1) HUP9901677A3 (xx)
PL (1) PL328241A1 (xx)
WO (1) WO1997030274A1 (xx)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1225316A2 (de) * 2001-01-19 2002-07-24 Walter Hofmann Vorrichtung im Abgassystem eines Verbrennungsmotors zur Prüfung der Belastung des Abgasstroms mit Russpartikeln
CN107684976A (zh) * 2016-08-05 2018-02-13 刘景文 空气静电清净机
TWI678233B (zh) * 2019-03-29 2019-12-01 劉景文 靜電集塵清淨機之組合結構

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2781690B1 (fr) * 1998-08-03 2002-04-12 Ecia Equip Composants Ind Auto Dispositif de regeneration d'un filtre a particules de purification des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur de vehicule automobile
GB2351923A (en) 1999-07-12 2001-01-17 Perkins Engines Co Ltd Self-cleaning particulate filter utilizing electric discharge currents
GB2358149A (en) * 2000-01-14 2001-07-18 Quantum Fuel Technology Ltd Ionising chamber for reducing exhaust emissions
AT410761B (de) * 2001-03-26 2003-07-25 Meier Stauffer Gerd Dr Anordnung und verfahren zur behandlung von partikelhältigen gasen
US7514047B2 (en) * 2003-01-15 2009-04-07 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas purifying apparatus
AT500959B1 (de) * 2004-11-09 2007-05-15 Carl M Dr Fleck Verfahren und filteranordnung zum abscheiden von russpartikeln
AT501888B1 (de) 2005-06-08 2006-12-15 Fleck Carl M Dr Wabenfilter mit planaren elektroden
AT503022B1 (de) * 2006-06-29 2007-07-15 Fleck Carl M Dr Elektrodenaufhängung für filteranordnung
FR2907843B1 (fr) * 2006-10-26 2009-01-23 Renault Sas Dispositif electrique de capture de particules de suie de gaz d'echappement de moteur a combustion interne.
CH702125B1 (de) * 2007-03-27 2011-05-13 Rudolf Bolliger Dipl. Ei. Ing. Htl Elektrostatischer Feinstaubfilter.
DE102010044252B4 (de) * 2010-09-02 2014-03-27 Reinhausen Plasma Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Barriereentladung in einem Gasstrom
DE102010044343A1 (de) * 2010-09-03 2012-03-08 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Vorrichtung mit einer ringförmigen Elektrode zur Verringerung von Rußpartikeln im Abgas einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4979364A (en) * 1988-03-11 1990-12-25 Fleck Carl M Diesel fuel exhaust gas filter
DE3834920A1 (de) * 1988-10-13 1990-04-19 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum beseitigen von in einem abgasfilter einer brennkraftmaschine abgeschiedenem russ
EP0537219B1 (de) * 1990-07-02 1994-03-02 Fleck, Carl Maria, Prof. Dr. Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reinigung von abgasen
DE4200343C2 (de) * 1992-01-09 1993-11-11 Metallgesellschaft Ag Elektrostatischer Abscheider
JPH05277313A (ja) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-26 Teikoku Piston Ring Co Ltd 微粒子分離装置

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1225316A2 (de) * 2001-01-19 2002-07-24 Walter Hofmann Vorrichtung im Abgassystem eines Verbrennungsmotors zur Prüfung der Belastung des Abgasstroms mit Russpartikeln
CN107684976A (zh) * 2016-08-05 2018-02-13 刘景文 空气静电清净机
TWI678233B (zh) * 2019-03-29 2019-12-01 劉景文 靜電集塵清淨機之組合結構

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE188015T1 (de) 2000-01-15
DE59700888D1 (de) 2000-01-27
PL328241A1 (en) 1999-01-18
HUP9901677A2 (hu) 1999-08-30
BR9707497A (pt) 2000-01-04
AU1711997A (en) 1997-09-02
EP0880642A1 (de) 1998-12-02
CZ254898A3 (cs) 1998-11-11
CA2246353A1 (en) 1997-08-21
ATA24696A (de) 2000-10-15
HUP9901677A3 (en) 2000-03-28
JP2000504805A (ja) 2000-04-18
WO1997030274A1 (de) 1997-08-21
JP4005137B2 (ja) 2007-11-07

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