GB2358149A - Ionising chamber for reducing exhaust emissions - Google Patents

Ionising chamber for reducing exhaust emissions Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2358149A
GB2358149A GB0000755A GB0000755A GB2358149A GB 2358149 A GB2358149 A GB 2358149A GB 0000755 A GB0000755 A GB 0000755A GB 0000755 A GB0000755 A GB 0000755A GB 2358149 A GB2358149 A GB 2358149A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
exhaust
reduction
carbon particles
gases
removal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB0000755A
Other versions
GB0000755D0 (en
Inventor
John John
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
QUANTUM FUEL TECHNOLOGY Ltd
Original Assignee
QUANTUM FUEL TECHNOLOGY Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by QUANTUM FUEL TECHNOLOGY Ltd filed Critical QUANTUM FUEL TECHNOLOGY Ltd
Priority to GB0000755A priority Critical patent/GB2358149A/en
Publication of GB0000755D0 publication Critical patent/GB0000755D0/en
Publication of GB2358149A publication Critical patent/GB2358149A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • B01D46/12—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces in multiple arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
    • B01D46/50—Means for discharging electrostatic potential
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/66—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter
    • B01D46/80—Chemical processes for the removal of the retained particles, e.g. by burning
    • B01D46/84—Chemical processes for the removal of the retained particles, e.g. by burning by heating only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
    • B01D2257/102—Nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/502—Carbon monoxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2279/00—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses
    • B01D2279/30—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses for treatment of exhaust gases from IC Engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

A self contained unit which can be attached to the exhaust of a diesel engine in order to reduce the emission of carbon particulates and other gases. The inlet gases are passed through a 3-stage process which breaks down large particles, vaporises smaller particles into carbon dioxide and water, and reduces other gases and remaining particles. The first stage consists of a filter for breaking down large particles. The second stage comprises an ionising chamber and the third stage comprises a secondary filter.

Description

2358149
PATENT SPECIFICATION
This invention relates to a device to reduce carbon particulates and gas emissions in the exhaust of diesel engines.
Diesel engines emit carbon particles and carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides (Nox) during the combustion process. The level of permitted emissions is the subject of legislation in Europe and elsewhere with the aim of reducing such emissions for health and environmental reasons. The cost of compliance with such legislation may be significant, particularly for older engines.
This invention provides for a self-contained unit which can be fitted anywhere in the exhaust system of a diesel engine, and which is comprised of 3 stages.
Stage 1; a particle trap to break up large particles by means of a filter contained in a chamber shaped in such a way as to cool and slow exhaust gases without creating back-pressure.
Stage 2; an ionising chamber in which carbon particulates are vaporised. The ionising chamber is powered by a high-voltage static supply from an amplifier which is integral to the unit and is powered by a low voltage supply.
Stage 3; a filter which filters and reduces exhaust emissions and is selfcleaning and are selfrenewing.
The gases emerging from the chamber are lower in carbon particles and carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitr ogen oxides (Nox).
By reference to the accompanying drawings; Figure. 1; a longitudinal section of the entire unit Gases enter through inlet 1 and pass through the first filter 2, breaking up large carbon particles. The filter is comprised of 180 mesh stainless steel. The filter is contained within a chamber so shaped as to cool and slow the exhaust gases without causing back-pressure in the inlet.
The gases then pass into ionising chamber 3 which contains a helical "brush" element 4 comprised of stainless steel filaments wound so as to taper from a minimum diameter at the inlet to a maximum diameter at the outlet. The brush is mounted axially in the chamber and is at very high voltage relative to the wall of the chamber. The resulting plasma ionising discharge between the brush and the wall of the cavity vaporises carbon particles passing through it, reducing the majority to carbon dioxide and water. The remaining particles are 1 reduced to very much smaller particles. The brush is mounted on supports 5 which insula e the brush from the unit on insulators 6. The casing 7 of the chamber is earthed. The gases pass from the charriber 3 through two ftirther filters 8 comprised of 320 me h articles trap the majority f stainless steel, with carbon par-tieles 9 held between them. These p the carbon particles remaining in the gas flow through the chamber, and absorb the carbo 1 dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides present. The cleaned gases the 1 exit the unit into the exhaust system at 10. The heat of the gases cause the carbon particles t slowly bum away releasing carbon dioxide and water. The carbon particles in the filter ex burnt away at the same rate at which they are replaced by carbon particles trapped from th., exhaust gases. The entire unit is contained within an outer casing on which is mounted the amplifier 1 which supplies high voltage static electricity to the element 4, making the assembly sel contained.
2

Claims (8)

1. A device for the removal of carbon particles and reduction of exhaust emission gases from diesel engines.
2. A device for the removal of carbon particles and reduction of exhaust reduction of exhaust emission gases from diesel engines as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon particles are removed by a high voltage ionising discharge powered by a low-voltage DC amplifier contained within the device.
3. A device for the removal of carbon particles and reduction of exhaust reduction of exhaust emission gases from diesel engines as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein a helical brush causes an ionising discharge within the body of the unit.
4. A device for the removal of carbon particles and reduction of exhaust reduction of exhaust emission gases from diesel engines as claimed in claims 2 or 3, wherein large carbon particles are first broken up by a filter.
5. A device for the removal of carbon particles and reduction of exhaust reduction of exhaust emission gases from diesel engines as claimed in claim 4, wherein the primary filter is contained within a chamber which slows and cools the exhaust gases.
6. A device for the removal of carbon particles and reduction of exhaust reduction of exhaust emission gases from diesel engines as claimed in claim 4 in which exhaust emission gases are reduced by a carbon filter.
7. A device for the removal of carbon particles and reduction of exhaust reduction of exhaust emission gases from diesel engines as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the unit is self-contained and can be attached to the exhaust of a diesel engine.
8. A device substantially as described herein with reference to figures 13 of the accompanying drawings.
3
GB0000755A 2000-01-14 2000-01-14 Ionising chamber for reducing exhaust emissions Withdrawn GB2358149A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0000755A GB2358149A (en) 2000-01-14 2000-01-14 Ionising chamber for reducing exhaust emissions

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0000755A GB2358149A (en) 2000-01-14 2000-01-14 Ionising chamber for reducing exhaust emissions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0000755D0 GB0000755D0 (en) 2000-03-08
GB2358149A true GB2358149A (en) 2001-07-18

Family

ID=9883629

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB0000755A Withdrawn GB2358149A (en) 2000-01-14 2000-01-14 Ionising chamber for reducing exhaust emissions

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2358149A (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4695429A (en) * 1985-03-20 1987-09-22 Casco Products Corporation Engine exhaust particulate ignitor construction
EP0659985A1 (en) * 1993-12-16 1995-06-28 CENTRO SVILUPPO MATERIALI S.p.A. Device for the precipitation of particulate in exhaust gases
WO1997030274A1 (en) * 1996-02-12 1997-08-21 Fleck Carl M Device for the cleaning of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines
JPH10331623A (en) * 1997-05-30 1998-12-15 Tokyo Copal Kagaku Kk Electroless exhaust gas cooling clean method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4695429A (en) * 1985-03-20 1987-09-22 Casco Products Corporation Engine exhaust particulate ignitor construction
EP0659985A1 (en) * 1993-12-16 1995-06-28 CENTRO SVILUPPO MATERIALI S.p.A. Device for the precipitation of particulate in exhaust gases
WO1997030274A1 (en) * 1996-02-12 1997-08-21 Fleck Carl M Device for the cleaning of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines
JPH10331623A (en) * 1997-05-30 1998-12-15 Tokyo Copal Kagaku Kk Electroless exhaust gas cooling clean method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
WPI Abstract Accession No. 1999-102136 & JP100331623A *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0000755D0 (en) 2000-03-08

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WAP Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1)