EP0858400B1 - Document a structure de trame produisant un effet Moiré - Google Patents

Document a structure de trame produisant un effet Moiré Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0858400B1
EP0858400B1 EP97940149A EP97940149A EP0858400B1 EP 0858400 B1 EP0858400 B1 EP 0858400B1 EP 97940149 A EP97940149 A EP 97940149A EP 97940149 A EP97940149 A EP 97940149A EP 0858400 B1 EP0858400 B1 EP 0858400B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
structural elements
data carrier
areas
halftone image
area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97940149A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0858400A1 (fr
Inventor
Johann Müller
Stefan May
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giesecke and Devrient GmbH filed Critical Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Publication of EP0858400A1 publication Critical patent/EP0858400A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0858400B1 publication Critical patent/EP0858400B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/342—Moiré effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/005—Testing security markings invisible to the naked eye, e.g. verifying thickened lines or unobtrusive markings or alterations
    • G07D7/0054—Testing security markings invisible to the naked eye, e.g. verifying thickened lines or unobtrusive markings or alterations involving markings the properties of which are altered from original properties
    • G07D7/0057—Testing security markings invisible to the naked eye, e.g. verifying thickened lines or unobtrusive markings or alterations involving markings the properties of which are altered from original properties involving markings which are altered in dimension, e.g. thickened lines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a data carrier, in particular a value document, with at least one halftone image represented by structural elements, where each structural element has a basic geometry and a size has, the size of the structural element a gray level of the halftone image represents and a process for its production.
  • the invention also relates to a data carrier, in particular a value document at least one picture element represented by several structural elements.
  • EP 0 710 574 A2 relates to a security document with a drawing, being on a copy of the security document a moiré pattern is created in the corresponding drawing.
  • a whole-surface raster structure with parallel lines is arranged.
  • the drawing is made in the form of a halftone image, in addition, as described in EP 0 085 066 B1, the line thicknesses of the lines can be varied in a contact grid structure. Furthermore, the distance the lines over the entire halftone image according to a modulation function varied. That varied over the entire area of the drawing the number of lines per unit length.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of a document with a structure creating a moiré pattern, in particular on a Halftone, to provide, with a copy of the Document large-area moiré structures for the detection of counterfeits are generated, with the structure generating the moiré pattern at the same time is inserted homogeneously in the halftone image and opposite as a background structure withdraws from the halftone image itself.
  • the invention is based on the idea of the total area of an image in which are to be created during a copying process, in to divide several areas. Each area will then have a number of Assigned structural elements with the help of those available in this area Grayscale should be created.
  • the number of structural elements is so in at least two adjacent areas chosen to be different in the two contiguous areas is. This different number inevitably results an offset of the structural elements relative to the structural element of the neighboring one Area.
  • the halftone image that is applied to the data carrier is divided into areas that have different raster frequencies exhibit.
  • When trying to copy this halftone image or with a Reading scanners into a data processing system overlays the Sampling frequency of the scanner or copier with the different applied Halftone halftone frequencies. This overlay leads however, disturbances in the reproduction of the halftone image, whereby this Interference in particular in the generation of a large-area moiré pattern noticeable.
  • the image has predetermined areas has, in each of which a predetermined number of structural elements is arranged, the number of structural elements per surface of an area different between at least two adjacent areas and the structural elements optionally in at least two the areas are staggered.
  • This has the advantage that even with different scanning grids, for example a copier or scanners, interference, such as moiré patterns, arise without that inhomogeneities of the total area grid, in particular of the halftone image, arise.
  • the structural elements have a Area of the halftone image on a uniform basic geometry, wherein the structural elements of all areas are particularly preferred to be uniform Have basic geometry.
  • the structural elements are preferred as lines executed, for each area separately a predetermined thickness represents a predetermined shade of gray on a line. So it is possible despite the division of the grayscale image into several areas with different Number of structural elements a homogeneous degree of brightness to ensure the entire grayscale image. Because lie, for example in a first area n structural elements in front and in the adjacent one Area n +10 structural elements, so it would, simply by the increase the number of structural elements, the second area optically darker represent as the first area. This difficulty is now avoided that within a range a predetermined width of the line predetermined gray tone while within a second Area that has, for example, a higher number of lines, one different, in this case smaller width of the line for the same given one Shade of gray is provided.
  • the halftone image has different screen frequencies has, which when scanning with the aid of a scanner or copier with the Sampling frequency of the device are superimposed by the variation the number of structural elements generated per area different Raster frequencies provide the ability to use multiple sampling frequencies Overlaying raster frequencies so that the probability for the Emergence of a moiré pattern can be significantly increased. simultaneously becomes the one associated with the increase in the number of structural elements Effect of darkening the individual areas avoided that the predetermined size of the structural elements a predetermined shade of gray within a range, however, corresponds to the predetermined sizes of the structural elements in the different areas depending on the Number of structure elements in each area different shades of gray can represent.
  • Fig. 1 shows an enlarged detail view of a portrait, which according to of the present invention as a halftone image with a moiré pattern Structure is shown.
  • the halftone image 10 is in different column-like Strips 14, 16, 22 divided, each containing a number of structural elements 12 have. In the present embodiment, this is 23 stripes, this number can also be chosen higher or lower.
  • Each Strip 14, 16, 22 is a number of line-shaped structural elements 12 assigned, which form a grid structure in each column.
  • the halftone 10 is shown from the linear structural elements 12, in each Range a certain line thickness to a certain shade of gray Halftone image 10 corresponds.
  • the horizontal linear structure elements 12 in their raster width and / or their Angular position vary.
  • Each strip 14, 16, 22 each contains a predetermined number of structural elements 12, i.e. a predetermined number of lines based on the total portrait height.
  • the line density is, for example, 20 lines per cm in the first strip 16.
  • the first strip 16 includes in the illustrated Embodiment 118 lines. This number of lines increases from stripes to Strip so that the last strip 22 with 171 lines in the preferred shown Embodiment is present.
  • a different number of lines means a different raster frequency for each stripe.
  • the raster frequency increases corresponding to the increase in the number of structural elements 12 in each Stripes from right to left too. This results in each of the 23 stripes a slightly different raster frequency, with at least one Screen frequency or at least a predetermined number of screen frequencies when scanning or copying through the overlay with the Sampling frequency of the scanner or copier a clearly visible, emerging Moire pattern generated.
  • straight lines are used as structural elements, which expanded symmetrically to represent a certain halftone be so that in each area a certain thickness of the line can be assigned to a predetermined shade of gray.
  • the lines are in Angles formed perpendicular to the division of the areas and can Ekken and highlight edges of the halftone image in particular if the areas are selected so that abutting areas along such a corner or edge.
  • the areas are the same width and almost have the same area
  • the halftone image can also be divided into areas different shape or width and different area.
  • the distances of the structural elements within one Ranges are constant, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the columns 14, 16, 22 are around a predetermined one Spaced apart. This blends in with the moiré pattern generating structure more homogeneous, because a direct contact of the Moire pattern-producing structure of adjacent strips 14, 16, 22 abrupt transition jumps leads, which stand out visually strong. Thereby the optical appearance of the halftone image 10 is strongly negatively affected.
  • FIG. 2a to 2d illustrate attempts to copy the halftone image of Fig. 1 with different settings of the copier.
  • Fig. 2a to 2d immediately results at different scanning angles when copying at different locations of the halftone image 10 to different Moire patterns, however, occur in any copy attempt Form a moiré pattern at least in partial areas of the halftone image 10 clearly.
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged representation of a halftone image with a Moire pattern generating structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • This embodiment corresponds to the first one in FIG Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment, with the difference that the structural elements 12 in the areas 14 not as in the first embodiment 1, are arranged perpendicular to the subdivision of the areas 14, but are slightly tilted relative to the vertical of the column division.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b illustrate two attempts to copy the halftone image of FIG. 3.
  • the 4a and 4b differ in that they have a different scanning angle when copying the halftone image of Fig. 3. It is immediate can be seen that with different scanning grids during the copying process in different areas 14 different moiré patterns are created. Even without a direct comparison with the halftone image of FIG. 3, and visible to the naked eye that it is not in Figs. 4a and 4b Original pictures, but copies.
  • moiré pattern generating Halftone image 10 consists of the tilt angle of the structural elements 12 additionally vary within the halftone image 10. This is prevents moiré pattern generation during the copying process appropriate selection of the scanning angle when copying is reduced or, if necessary is prevented.
  • this Copier does not have to have any special facilities to protect the copy to realize the present invention.
  • it is impossible to design a copying process so that with adjustment of the Scanning grid of the copier to the structure creating the moiré pattern Formation of moiré structures on copies can be prevented.
  • the Moire pattern generating structure according to the present invention responds to any type of copying process in that clearly prominent, visible and recognizable to the naked eye Moiré patterns arise on the copy, which can be identified immediately as a copy do.
  • FIG. 5 shows an enlarged illustration of two structural elements 18 analogous to the structural elements 12 of FIG. 1, but according to a third advantageous embodiment are particularly designed.
  • the Structural elements 18 themselves have grid lines 20 which form a grid structure within generate the structural element 18.
  • This grid structure itself can also have a color modulation for generating an image motif.
  • the Tonal value which is formed by the raster lines 20, can in particular Realize very well in the steel printing process because the depth of the steel pressure is a Is a measure of the color saturation and thus there is the possibility of using the Grid lines 20 adjust the tonal value of the structural element 18.
  • areas 14 as any Surfaces, preferably also without a predetermined geometric shape, such as square, rectangle, triangle or the like.
  • At least two adjacent, arbitrarily shaped surface areas differ according to the invention in the number of structural elements, such as lines, in a respective area and / or by the orientation of the structural elements in a surface area and / or by the shape of the structural elements in the respective area, such as lines in the form of straight lines, waves, guilloches or similar.
  • This new technology enables scanning or copying attempts to prevent or the scanned or copied objects clearly recognizable as a reproduction.
  • the inner areas of a can also be used as area areas Guilloche pattern can be used. Then within these areas by varying the angles, varying the lines per area and / or by variation of the line type the creation of a moiré pattern when copying generated or ensured.

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  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
  • Facsimile Scanning Arrangements (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)
  • Details Of Television Scanning (AREA)
  • Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Support de données, en particulier document de valeur ayant une image en demi-tons (10), représentée par des éléments structurels (12, 18), chaque élément structurel présentant une géométrie de base et une taille, la taille de l'élément structurel (12, 18) représente un niveau de gris de l'image en demi-tons (10), caractérisé en ce que l'image en demi-tons (10) présente au moins deux zones (14, 16, 22) limitrophes, dans chacune desquelles est disposé un nombre prédéterminé d'éléments structurels (12, 18), en au moins deux zones (14, 16, 22) limitrophes, le nombre d'éléments structurels (12, 18) par unité de surface étant différent et les éléments structurels (12, 18) à l'intérieur d'une zone (14, 16, 22) présentant un espacement qui est constant.
  2. Support de données selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les éléments structurels (12, 18) sont décalés les uns des autres en au moins deux zones (14, 16, 22) limitrophes.
  3. Support de données selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que tous les éléments structurels (12, 18) d'une ou plusieurs zones (14, 16, 22) ont une géométrie de base unitaire.
  4. Support de données selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la taille prédéterminée des éléments structurels est formée en un élargissement symétrique prédéterminé de sa géométrie de base.
  5. Support de données selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les éléments structurels (12, 18) sont des lignes.
  6. Support de données selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que toutes les lignes (12, 18) formant l'image en demi-tons (10), au moins à l'intérieur d'une zone (14, 16, 22), sont orientées sensiblement dans la même direction.
  7. Support de données selon au moins l'une des revendications 5 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les lignes (12, 18) sont orientées sensiblement perpendiculairement par rapport à la division des zones (14, 16, 22).
  8. Support de données selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la taille prédéterminée d'un élément structurel (12, 18) à l'intérieur d'une zone (14, 16, 22) correspond à un niveau de gris prédéterminé.
  9. Support de données selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'image en demi-tons (10) est imprimée sur le support de données.
  10. Support de données selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le support de données est un billet de banque, une carte d'identité, une carte à puce ou analogue.
  11. Support de données selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les zones (14, 16, 22) sont des bandes disposées en colonnes ayant chacune une largeur prédéterminée.
  12. Support de données selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que toutes les bandes (14, 16, 22) ont une largeur identique prédéterminée.
  13. Support de données selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que toutes les zones (14, 16, 22) ont une surface identique.
  14. Support de données selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que, pour au moins deux zones (14, 16, 22) limitrophes, l'orientation et/ou la géométrie de base des éléments structurels (12, 18) sont différentes l'un de l'autre.
  15. Support de données selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que le nombre prédéterminé d'éléments structurels (12, 18) par surface est choisi tel que, en cas d'exploration d'un support de données avec un scanneur, on génère un motif en moiré.
  16. Support de données selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé en ce que les éléments structurels d'une zone (14, 16, 22) ne touchent pas directement les éléments structurels d'une zone voisine.
  17. Support de données, en particulier document de valeur, selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, avec au moins un élément image représenté par un ou plusieurs éléments structurels (18), caractérisé en ce que les éléments structurels (18) sont représentés à l'aide de lignes de trame (20) formant une structure tramée.
  18. Support de données selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que la structure tramée est représentée au moyen d'une pluralité de lignes de trame (20) qui sont sensiblement parallèles à l'intérieur d'un élément structurel (18).
  19. Support de données selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que le nombre des lignes de trame (20) entre au moins deux éléments structurels (18) est différent.
  20. Procédé de fabrication d'un support de données, en particulier d'un document de valeur avec au moins une image en demi-tons (10) représentée par des éléments structurels (12, 18), les éléments structurels présentant une géométrie de base et une taille prédéterminée des éléments structurels (12, 18), représentant un niveau de gris de l'image en demi-tons (10), caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :
    a) subdivision d'un modèle d'image en demi-tons en au moins deux zones (14, 16, 22) limitrophes,
    b) association d'une pluralité d'éléments structurels (12, 18) à chaque zone (14, 16, 22), en au moins deux zones (14, 16, 22) limitrophes, le nombre des éléments structurels (12, 18) par surface étant différent,
    c) Association des demi-tons présents dans une zone à un élément structurel (12, 18) de taille définie,
    d) Application de l'image en demi-tons sur le support de données par application des au moins deux zones (14, 16, 22) avec la pluralité associée d'éléments structurels (12, 18) dans les tailles correspondant aux demi-tons.
  21. Procédé selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que les éléments structurels sont imprimés, en particulier à l'aide d'un procédé d'impression en héliogravure sur acier.
  22. Procédé selon la revendication 20 ou 21, caractérisé en ce que les éléments structurels sont appliqués au moyen d'une pluralité de lignes de trame.
EP97940149A 1996-09-03 1997-09-01 Document a structure de trame produisant un effet Moiré Expired - Lifetime EP0858400B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19635761 1996-09-03
DE19635761A DE19635761A1 (de) 1996-09-03 1996-09-03 Dokument mit moirE-erzeugender Rasterstruktur
PCT/EP1997/004745 WO1998009825A1 (fr) 1996-09-03 1997-09-01 Document a structure de trame produisant un effet moire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0858400A1 EP0858400A1 (fr) 1998-08-19
EP0858400B1 true EP0858400B1 (fr) 2002-12-11

Family

ID=7804526

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97940149A Expired - Lifetime EP0858400B1 (fr) 1996-09-03 1997-09-01 Document a structure de trame produisant un effet Moiré

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6357800B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0858400B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE229441T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU4208597A (fr)
CA (1) CA2236326A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19635761A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2191118C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998009825A1 (fr)

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US6603568B1 (en) 2000-05-19 2003-08-05 Pitney Bowes Inc. System and method for issuing electronic tickets
US6373587B1 (en) * 2000-05-19 2002-04-16 Pitney Bowes Inc. Method for printing electronic tickets
FR2842460B1 (fr) * 2002-07-19 2004-10-08 Arjo Wiggins Document de securite protege contre la copie recto/verso
DE10243863A1 (de) * 2002-08-13 2004-02-26 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Datenträger mit einem optisch variablen Element
US20070029394A1 (en) * 2005-08-01 2007-02-08 Wicker David M Covert document system
DE10346505A1 (de) * 2003-10-02 2005-01-05 Eckelt Glas Gmbh Lichtdurchlässige Scheibe mit Muster und optischem Effekt
RU2268152C9 (ru) 2004-08-11 2006-05-20 Милимарекс Лимитед Печатная продукция и способ ее изготовления (варианты)
US10343436B2 (en) * 2006-02-27 2019-07-09 Viavi Solutions Inc. Security device formed by printing with special effect inks
DE102006021961A1 (de) 2006-05-10 2007-11-15 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitselement mit Lasermarkierung
LT5868B (lt) 2010-12-30 2012-09-25 Aleksej Zaicevskij Techninės apsaugos būdas spausdintai produkcijai nuo kopijavimo apsaugoti
RU2503767C1 (ru) * 2012-10-23 2014-01-10 Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Гознак" (Фгуп "Гознак") Носитель информации, защищенный от подделки, и способ его изготовления
WO2017054852A1 (fr) * 2015-09-29 2017-04-06 Hewlett-Packard Indigo B.V. Écrans en demi-teinte
CN109249716B (zh) * 2018-09-05 2020-09-15 深圳市裕同包装科技股份有限公司 一种微透镜真彩色3d印刷图像的处理方法

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US15486A (en) * 1856-08-05 Improved blank for bank-notes, bills
FR2289992A1 (fr) * 1974-10-31 1976-05-28 Opi Metriservice Sa Procede de coloration de surface
US4582346A (en) * 1984-05-08 1986-04-15 Moore Business Forms, Inc. Document security system
JPS6186300A (ja) * 1984-10-05 1986-05-01 株式会社　ワイゼン ポスタ−
GB8514158D0 (en) 1985-06-05 1985-07-10 De La Rue Thomas & Co Ltd Printed documents resistant to counterfeiting
US5074597A (en) * 1987-01-13 1991-12-24 The Lehigh Press, Inc. Computerized method of generating film masters for embossing and printing color images
GB8818431D0 (en) * 1988-08-03 1988-09-07 Kenrick & Jefferson Ltd Copy protection of multi-colour documents
NL192610C (nl) * 1990-12-13 1997-11-04 Enschede & Zonen Grafisch Beelddrager en werkwijze voor het op een beelddrager drukken van een beeld.
US5732163A (en) * 1993-07-21 1998-03-24 Northrop Grumman Corporation Angular alignment of structures using moire patterns
DE4446368A1 (de) * 1994-12-23 1996-06-27 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Datenträger mit einem optisch variablen Element
US5987221A (en) * 1997-01-24 1999-11-16 Hewlett-Packard Company Encoded orphan pixels for discriminating halftone data from text and line art data

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6357800B1 (en) 2002-03-19
AU4208597A (en) 1998-03-26
CA2236326A1 (fr) 1998-03-12
WO1998009825A1 (fr) 1998-03-12
ATE229441T1 (de) 2002-12-15
DE59708947D1 (de) 2003-01-23
DE19635761A1 (de) 1998-03-05
RU2191118C2 (ru) 2002-10-20
EP0858400A1 (fr) 1998-08-19

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