EP0851992A1 - Radiateur et installation de chauffage - Google Patents

Radiateur et installation de chauffage

Info

Publication number
EP0851992A1
EP0851992A1 EP96929124A EP96929124A EP0851992A1 EP 0851992 A1 EP0851992 A1 EP 0851992A1 EP 96929124 A EP96929124 A EP 96929124A EP 96929124 A EP96929124 A EP 96929124A EP 0851992 A1 EP0851992 A1 EP 0851992A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
heat
heat storage
radiator
radiator according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96929124A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0851992B1 (fr
Inventor
Franz Stefan Werner
Franz Lackner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0851992A1 publication Critical patent/EP0851992A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0851992B1 publication Critical patent/EP0851992B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
    • F24H7/002—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release using electrical energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
    • F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
    • F24H7/04—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid
    • F24H7/0408—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid using electrical energy supply
    • F24H7/0433—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid using electrical energy supply the transfer medium being water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0056—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radiator consisting of a container with connections for a heating medium circuit for the flow of heat transfer medium. Furthermore, the invention relates to a heating system with a radiator according to the invention using solar energy.
  • radiators are used, for example, in hot water central heating systems, the heating source of which is gas heaters, oil firing systems, solid-fuel combustion furnaces, but also solar collectors.
  • the radiators generally consist of a sheet metal jacket with the largest possible outer surface, through the interior of which flows through the heat transfer medium heated by the heat source, thereby giving off its heat to the radiator jacket and, when cooled, is returned to the heat source.
  • the disadvantage of the radiator described above is that the radiator jacket has only a small amount of heat storage capacity.
  • the inflow of heat transfer medium to the radiator is generally thermostatically controlled intermittently, so that the radiator is constantly subject to a considerable heating and cooling cycle.
  • the present invention provides a solution to the problem described by providing a radiator, which is characterized in that the container for flow through with heat transfer medium is thermally conductively connected to at least one heat accumulator arranged in the radiator, preferably that Container is at least partially arranged in a further container made of heat-conducting material that can be filled with heat storage fluid in the radiator, the two containers not being in fluid communication with one another and / or that the container for flow through with heat transfer medium is at least partially in contact with a fixed heat storage core.
  • This radiator according to the invention thus has a large heat storage mass inside, which is heated by the heat transfer medium in the heating circuit and then gradually releases its stored heat to the environment.
  • the temperature of the heat storage mass inside the radiator can be regulated by hand or by means of a thermostat, as well as - but independently of the former - the heat output of the radiator.
  • heat storage mass in the first case, but fireclay, marble or the like are preferred as the heat storage core in the second case, which is particularly advantageous for long periods of time when uninhabited residential units such as second homes in conjunction with solar panels are used to prevent frost damage.
  • the container for heat storage fluid and the fixed heat storage core can also be used in combination, the container for heat storage fluid being empty when the radiator is delivered and installed and is only filled after installation.
  • the container for heat storage fluid preferably has further closable openings for venting and emptying.
  • the radiator according to the invention is suitable for installation in all known hot water central heating systems and for use in solar collector heating systems with circulation pumps.
  • the container for the heat transfer medium can be designed as a copper strip heat exchanger which passes through the container for the heat storage medium and / or the heat storage core, thereby ensuring very good heat transfer to the heat storage fluid and / or the heat storage core.
  • the radiator is preferably provided with surface plates made of good heat-conducting material and enlarged by ribs.
  • a wall of the container for heat storage fluid defines at least part of an air flow channel in the radiator.
  • the heat storage fluid gradually releases its heat to the air flowing in the air flow channel and thus heats the surrounding space by convection.
  • the invention provides that the cross section of the air flow channel can be changed by at least one manually operated or temperature-dependent controllable throttle valve.
  • the heated air in the flow channel is intended to give off its heat to the surrounding space as convection heat. Heating the wall of the flow channel and in particular heat radiation through the heated flow channel wall to the outside can be undesirable if the heating element is arranged near an outer wall of the house. In this case, it is expedient if the air flow channel is provided with a heat insulation layer on its surface facing the radiator outside.
  • water or an organic heat storage fluid heat storage oil
  • fireclay, marble or the like can be used as the solid heat storage core.
  • the volume of the container for heat storage fluid considerably exceeds that of the container for heated medium, in particular by at least three times.
  • the invention also relates to a heating system comprising one or more radiators according to the invention, which is connected via a supply and return on the one hand to a heating source which is operated with fossil fuels or electric current and on the other hand to at least one solar collector , whereby the heat source and solar collector (s) can be operated separately or in combination.
  • a buffer store for temporary storage of excess heated heat transfer medium is also advantageously interposed in the heating circuit.
  • FIG. 1 shows a radiator according to the invention in perspective
  • FIG. 2 shows the same radiator according to the invention in cross section
  • FIG. 3 shows a copper strip heat exchanger used in a side view
  • FIG. 4 shows a detail of the radiator from FIGS. 1 and 2 in a top view
  • 5 a further embodiment of the radiator according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 a functional circuit of a heating system with a radiator according to the invention
  • the radiator 1 according to the invention in FIG. 1 has a generally cuboid shape and rests on legs 2, which allow the supply air (as indicated by arrow 3) to the underside of the radiator.
  • the supply air sweeps up through channels in the heating element, where it is heated and finally on the Radiator top as heated exhaust air (arrow 4) leaves the radiator 1 through slots 5.
  • Metal strips 6 are provided on the outside of the radiator to increase the radiation area. The number and size of these metal strips can vary as required.
  • the heat radiated from the outer surfaces of the radiator is symbolized by arrows W.
  • a hot water supply connection 8 and a water drain 9 complete the radiator.
  • An air flow channel 55 opening at the top of the radiator can be closed by a flap 57 which is attached to the radiator by a hinge 58 and is therefore pivotable. The position of the flap 57 can either be adjusted by hand or regulated automatically depending on the temperature.
  • the radiator 1 according to the invention is shown in cross section. It consists of a metal plate 23, which represents an outer surface of the radiator and on the outside of which metal strips 6 are arranged to increase the radiation surface.
  • the metal plate 23 lies in a heat-conducting manner against a heat storage layer 20.
  • the heat storage layer 20 consists of hardened liquid refractory clay.
  • a plurality of vertical heat exchanger tubes 50 of a copper strip heat exchanger are cast into it. These heat exchanger tubes 50 also penetrate a container 51 for heat storage fluid, which is adjacent to the fixed heat storage layer 20.
  • the container 51 for heat storage fluid is provided on its wall remote from the fireclay core, which defines part of an air flow channel 55, with fins 56 which project into the air flow channel 55 for better heat dissipation.
  • the wall of the container 51 and its slats 56 are made of a good heat-conducting material.
  • the air flow channel is delimited on the side opposite the container 51 by a layer 54 of heat-insulating material, on the outside of which a metal plate 12 is arranged.
  • thermostats can be provided in the container 51 for heat storage fluid and in the heat storage layer 20
  • the container 51 can be filled with heat storage fluid via a closable opening (not shown), the filling advantageously taking place only after the radiator has been installed. Water is used as the heat storage fluid in most cases, but an organic heat storage medium can also be used. For example, paraffins, alkylbenzenes, phenolic compounds, high-boiling esters and silicone oils can be used.
  • a copper strip heat exchanger 59 to be used advantageously in the radiator according to the invention is shown.
  • This consists of a feed pipe 61, a discharge pipe 60 and a plurality of parallel, spatially spaced heat exchanger pipes 50, which connect the feed pipe 61 and the discharge pipe 60 in a communicating manner, so that a Heating medium can flow through the supply pipe, the heat exchanger pipes and the discharge pipe.
  • the walls of the heat exchanger are made of copper, the individual tubes are ultrasonically welded to the heat exchanger tubes 50, elongated copper strips 62 are welded in the longitudinal direction, which increase the effectiveness of the heat emission to the environment
  • the following is a dimensioning example for a radiator according to the invention with the external dimensions of 100 x 75 x 23 cm, lamella widths of 3 or 2 cm, and surfaces of the strips 6 of 600 cm 2 per strip. This results in a total surface of all heat-radiating surfaces of 9.6 m 2 , which can be equated with the radiating surface of a low-temperature underfloor heating, so that a surface temperature of the radiator of 40 ° C is sufficient for heating a living space with a basic area of 10 m 2.
  • the container for heat storage fluid is dimensioned with 100 x 75 x 10 cm, which means calculated a full quantity of 75 l, the firebrick layer has the dimensions 100 x 75 x 6 cm. Since the density of fireclay is approx.
  • the fireclay layer therefore has a mass of 81 kg.
  • the storage heater according to the invention has a transport weight of less than 100 kg and can therefore be transported and installed by two fitters after filling with Heat storage fluid, however, almost doubles the heat storage mass.
  • the heat exchanger advantageously used in the radiator has 24 heat exchanger tubes with a length of 50 cm and a diameter of 12 mm, of which twelve are arranged in the container 51 and twelve in the firebrick layer.
  • the full volume of all 24 heat exchanger tubes is 1.36 I, with the supply and discharge lines for the heat exchanger results in a total filling volume of 1.5 I. This small filling quantity enables a drastic reduction in the amount of heating medium in the heating circuit.
  • F ⁇ g.4 shows a special embodiment of the top of the radiator 1, in which a lid 63 forms the top surface of the radiator, the lid protruding beyond the metal strips 6 and having a radiation film.
  • the lid is spaced from the tops of the fireclay core and the container for the liquid heat storage medium, so that there is an air gap between them, which, in conjunction with the flap for controlling the convection current, which is not shown in the lid, ensures a better convection current.
  • the lid is drawn transparently, although it actually consists of metal.
  • the radiator according to the invention is heated by the heat transfer medium, which in turn is heated in a gas boiler, oil heating, etc., after the desired core or jacket outer temperature of the radiator has been thermostatically controlled, the supply of the heat transfer medium into the Cu heat exchanger is throttled or switched off to be resumed after the temperature drops below a predetermined value.
  • a second embodiment of a radiator 1 is shown in cross section.
  • This consists of a metal plate 25, which represents an outer surface of the radiator and on the outside of which metal strips 6 are arranged to increase the radiation area.
  • the metal plate 25 is located at a parallel distance from a further metal plate 23, which bears against a fireclay layer 22 in a heat-conducting manner.
  • the space between the metal plates 23 and 25 are bridged by lamellae 24, which act as a thermal bridge with both the plate 23 and the plate 25.
  • the lamellae 24 in turn also serve to enlarge the heat radiation area.
  • the firebrick layer 20 Adjacent to the metal plate 23 there is a first firebrick layer 22 and adjoining it a second firebrick layer 20. Between these two firebrick layers there is an electrical resistance heating mat 21 which can be operated with direct current from solar cells.
  • the firebrick layer 20 consists of hardened liquid firebrick.
  • a plurality of vertical heat exchanger tubes 50 of a copper strip heat exchanger are cast into it. These heat exchanger tubes 50 also pass through a container 51 for heat transfer fluid, which adjoins the fireclay layer 20, a second electrical resistance heating mat 17 being arranged between the container 51 and the fireclay layer 20 and being operable with alternating current from the general power network.
  • the container 51 for heat transfer fluid is provided on its wall opposite the heating mat 17, which defines part of an air flow channel 55, with fins 56 which project into the air flow channel 55 for better heat dissipation.
  • the wall of the container 51 and its slats 56 are made of a good heat-conducting material.
  • the air flow channel is delimited on the side opposite the container 51 by a layer 54 of heat-insulating material, on the outside of which a metal plate 12 is arranged.
  • thermostats 52 and 53 are provided in the container 51 for heat transfer fluid and in the firebrick layer.
  • the container 51 can be filled with heat transfer fluid via a closable opening (not shown).
  • FIG. 1 A circuit diagram of a heating system with a heater 1 according to the invention will now be described with reference to FIG.
  • the inflow of this radiator is connected to a conventional heating source 40, which is operated with gas, oil, etc., and is supplied with hot water via this line, which is passed back to the heating source 40 after passing through the radiator.
  • the radiator 1 is also available the hot water supply of a solar panel 30 in Connection, wherein there is also a return from the radiator drain to the solar collector inflow.
  • the radiator 1 is thus connected to two different heating circuits, which can be operated in combination or separately. Excess hot water from the solar collector can be directed into the buffer storage or a heat exchanger for the production of domestic water.
  • solar cells for generating direct current for operating the electrical resistance heating elements can also be provided in the radiators.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un radiateur constitué d'un caisson doté de raccords pour le circuit d'un agent chauffant destiné à la circulation d'un agent caloporteur. Le radiateur est caractérisé en ce que le caisson (50, 59) destiné à la circulation de l'agent caloporteur est relié à au moins un accumulateur de chaleur de façon thermiquement conductible, lequel est disposé dans le radiateur et, de préférence, en ce que le caisson (50, 59) est disposé au moins partiellement dans un autre caisson (51) qui est réalisé dans un matériau conducteur de chaleur, qui peut être rempli de fluide accumulateur thermique et qui est implanté dans le radiateur (1), les deux caissons n'étant pas en communication fluidique et/ou en ce que le caisson (50, 59) traversé par l'agent caloporteur est au moins partiellement adjacent à un noyau (20) solide d'accumulation thermique. L'invention concerne également une installation de chauffage comprenant les radiateurs selon l'invention et tirant profit de l'énergie solaire.
EP96929124A 1995-09-18 1996-09-16 Radiateur et installation de chauffage Expired - Lifetime EP0851992B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT1540/95 1995-09-18
AT154095 1995-09-18
AT154095 1995-09-18
AT162095 1995-10-02
AT162095 1995-10-02
AT1620/95 1995-10-02
PCT/AT1996/000161 WO1997011314A1 (fr) 1995-09-18 1996-09-16 Radiateur et installation de chauffage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0851992A1 true EP0851992A1 (fr) 1998-07-08
EP0851992B1 EP0851992B1 (fr) 1999-09-01

Family

ID=25596124

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96929124A Expired - Lifetime EP0851992B1 (fr) 1995-09-18 1996-09-16 Radiateur et installation de chauffage

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US6058246A (fr)
EP (1) EP0851992B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1146710C (fr)
AT (1) ATE184096T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU6865396A (fr)
CA (1) CA2231479A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ50298A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE59602963D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0851992T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2138828T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUP9900298A3 (fr)
NO (1) NO981206L (fr)
PL (1) PL326355A1 (fr)
SK (1) SK34198A3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997011314A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1063743A (en) * 1964-04-30 1967-03-30 Raymond Francis Furness Improvements in or relating to methods of and/or means for the storage of heat and/orheaters incorporating such storage means
US3301251A (en) * 1964-09-04 1967-01-31 Heatovent Electric Ltd Storage block adapted for storage and exchange of heat
US3958755A (en) * 1974-08-05 1976-05-25 Ridgway Steel Fabricators, Inc. Hydro-thermo fireplace and heating system therefor
US4200783A (en) * 1977-07-18 1980-04-29 Ehret Boyd P Apparatus for collecting and thermally storing energy
US4153104A (en) * 1977-09-08 1979-05-08 Overland Energy, Inc. Solar heating and cooling system
DE3108928C2 (de) * 1981-03-10 1984-08-09 Valentino-Valerio 5760 Arnsberg Giacosa Heizkörper für Raumzentralheizungen
US4474171A (en) * 1982-03-25 1984-10-02 Caproon Douglas M Solar energy system with static heat-storage device
NL8201323A (nl) * 1982-03-30 1983-10-17 Cornelis Adrianus Vogelaar Verwarmingsinrichting.
AT392152B (de) * 1985-05-15 1991-02-11 Kachelofenverband Elektrisches speicherheizgeraet
DE9401979U1 (de) * 1994-02-07 1994-11-03 Enigk, Hans-Joachim, Dipl.-Ing., 04860 Torgau Heizkörper für Wohnräume o.dgl.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9711314A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59602963D1 (de) 1999-10-07
US6058246A (en) 2000-05-02
AU6865396A (en) 1997-04-09
CN1196786A (zh) 1998-10-21
CA2231479A1 (fr) 1997-03-27
ES2138828T3 (es) 2000-01-16
CN1146710C (zh) 2004-04-21
SK34198A3 (en) 1998-12-02
ATE184096T1 (de) 1999-09-15
DK0851992T3 (da) 2000-03-20
CZ50298A3 (cs) 1998-08-12
EP0851992B1 (fr) 1999-09-01
HUP9900298A3 (en) 2000-12-28
PL326355A1 (en) 1998-09-14
NO981206L (no) 1998-05-13
HUP9900298A2 (hu) 1999-05-28
NO981206D0 (no) 1998-03-17
WO1997011314A1 (fr) 1997-03-27

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