EP0061665B1 - Chaudière-accumulateur de chaleur électrique encapsulé - Google Patents
Chaudière-accumulateur de chaleur électrique encapsulé Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0061665B1 EP0061665B1 EP82102233A EP82102233A EP0061665B1 EP 0061665 B1 EP0061665 B1 EP 0061665B1 EP 82102233 A EP82102233 A EP 82102233A EP 82102233 A EP82102233 A EP 82102233A EP 0061665 B1 EP0061665 B1 EP 0061665B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat storage
- storage furnace
- heat
- furnace
- core structure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010016334 Feeling hot Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
- F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
- F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
- F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
- F24H7/0208—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid using electrical energy supply
- F24H7/0216—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid using electrical energy supply the transfer fluid being air
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrical heat storage furnace with an outer clothing, a core structure arranged therein and made of heat storage material and fixed in the core structure electrical heating spirals, wherein the core structure is surrounded by an insulating layer and comprises memory blocks, each having a recess for the passage of the heating spirals and in several rows are arranged one above the other.
- Hungarian patent specification 161 254 describes a brick oven which is heated by electrical energy. Electrical heating elements arranged in bricks are provided in the interior of the furnace jacket, air drafts being formed between the bricks. The inside of the brick kiln is lined with firebricks, in which vertical holes are provided. The radiators are guided through these holes. A fan blower is arranged at the lower end of the draft. The radiators in the form of electrical heating spirals are electrically insulated from the surroundings with the chamotte lining. Inside the brick oven, the fan blower creates a forced flow of air that contacts the radiators directly.
- Such a brick oven is made to order and has almost no heat storage capacity. Since the forced flow of air directly contacts the radiators, they cool down very quickly. The bricks of the oven store a certain small amount of heat with which the air flow always comes into contact. This heat is only given off by radiation.
- the heat capacity of heat storage furnaces is created by means of the heating spirals, which are arranged in a core structure with heat storage capacity.
- DE-A-2 803 388 describes a combined convection and heat storage furnace in which a stack of storage blocks in the form of concrete blocks is arranged in a box-shaped metal housing with ventilation and outlet openings and is used to pass heating elements with corresponding bores are provided.
- a major disadvantage of this known heat storage furnace is its relatively heavy weight and the difficulty in disassembling and reassembling it in the event of repair or maintenance.
- the heating elements and the heat accumulator elements are surrounded by an insulating layer, a water jacket which is connected to a hot water circuit being provided on the outside of the insulating layer.
- the known ovens present two major difficulties. A sufficient amount of heat cannot be stored in them, so they are cold before starting to heat up outside of the peak load. The other difficulty lies in extracting and transferring the heat to the environment.
- a fan is provided in a known furnace, which is controlled by a thermostat. The air is heated with this blower by direct contact with the heat-storing core structure and blown into the environment. As a result, the heat capacity of the heat storage furnace is discharged relatively quickly.
- the object on which the invention is based is to create an electrical heat storage furnace which eliminates the disadvantages in known arrangements and which is designed as a closed system, is technically not complex and has a very high heat capacity, can be operated economically and gives a pleasant feeling of warmth.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that the object can be achieved simply and satisfactorily by heating the core structure in the temperature ranges of the optimal heat storage capacity and by avoiding direct contact between the air flowing through and the core structure.
- the heating element of the heat storage furnace should also be designed accordingly.
- U-shaped bricks are provided as storage blocks in cross-section, which are arranged in pairs in each horizontal row so that their mutually facing recesses surround a continuous channel for receiving the heating coils, the bricks being arranged in a row next to one another are arranged in such a way that their small end faces lie against each other and are arranged in adjacent rows with the narrow longitudinal faces of their U-webs, that a large-area heat exchanger is provided between the insulating layer and the outer cladding, and that the outer cladding is composed of module elements.
- the main advantage of this design of a heat storage furnace is that the draft due to the insulating layer tightly surrounding the core structure, the radiator, i.e. cannot touch the heating coil directly, so that the heat is released and cooled below the critical temperature limit of 500 ° C in a considerably longer time.
- the heated mass of the core structure is significantly increased and allows a higher end temperature of the heating period.
- the core structure of the furnace has a higher temperature than the critical temperature of 500 ° C for most or all of the heat emission.
- the boundary area of the furnace is larger than that of conventional furnaces using the same number of bricks.
- magnesite silicate is advantageously used for the core structure.
- the heating coil Because of the higher temperature of the heating coil or the core structure, it is advantageous to make the heating coil from a resistance wire with a diameter of 1 mm or larger.
- the insulating layer around the core structure is expediently made of mineral wool provided with aluminum foil, which does not age, does not dust, but has the necessary insulating properties.
- the large-area heat exchanger located between the outer cladding and the insulating layer can consist of parallel channels arranged next to one another. These channels can be tubes arranged side by side and parallel to one another or consist of a correspondingly shaped corrugated sheet.
- the air flow in the channels can be controlled in such a way that the channels are assigned control elements which are provided in the cover of the furnace.
- the cover is expediently formed from parallel, fixed and closed profiles which are connected to the channels of the heat exchanger, wing valves being provided in the closed profiles as control elements for the air flow.
- the air flow control can also be designed such that bores communicating with the channels are provided in the cover, to which a frame that closes the bores is connected.
- the ceramic outer clothing composed of modular elements so that they can be dismantled.
- the heating coil is arranged in a stationary manner by means of insulating spacers and insulating beads.
- the heating coil can be installed in electrically insulating, advantageously cordierite tubes.
- the heating coil is expediently arranged in four rows in the core structure of the furnace, both ends of the heating coil being fastened to a mounting plate.
- a switch that controls the heat status of the heating coil can also be provided on this mounting plate, wherein the switch can also be connected to an indicator.
- the bricks are advantageously stacked in three rows, so that three channels are created in the core structure of the furnace.
- Three heating coils which can be operated independently of one another are expediently provided.
- the embodiment of the heat storage furnace shown in FIG. 1 has the shape of a cuboid, which is provided with an outer lining 1.
- the furnace is supported by stand 8 and covered with a lid 5 at the top.
- Holding elements 6 are attached to the stands 8 and carry the inner structure of the furnace and the outer lining 1 of the furnace.
- a heat exchanger in the form of tubes 2 fastened parallel to one another on a strip 10 is provided on the inside of the outer clothing 1.
- an insulating layer 3 contacting the heat exchanger is arranged in the interior of the furnace, which in this example is made of mineral wool covered with aluminum foil.
- This insulating layer 3 encloses the core structure of the heat storage furnace, which are made up of bricks 4.
- the bricks 4 have good heat storage capacity, in the embodiment shown they are made of magnesite silicate.
- the core structure exists door of the heat storage furnace made up of three rows of bricks stacked on top of each other.
- the rows are formed in such a way that two bricks 4, each of which have a U-shaped cross section, face one another with their cutouts and the pairs of bricks 4 are arranged next to one another.
- a rectangular closed space in the form of a channel 9 is formed from the spaces between the legs of the bricks 4.
- This channel is provided in a line, the respectively adjacent bricks 4 with their smallest area being arranged next to one another.
- the other two similarly designed rows are stacked on top of one another, the bricks 4 standing on their narrow longitudinal surfaces. This creates a narrow, long and not very high shape of the core structure and the entire heat storage furnace.
- the heating element of the heat storage furnace is provided in the channels 9 formed between the brick pairs.
- the heating element consists of three heating spirals 13 which can be operated independently of one another.
- the fixed position of the heating spiral 13 in the channel 9 is determined by spacers 12 and a mounting plate 14 arranged at one end of the channel 9.
- the two ends of the heating coil 13 and a switch 15 are attached to this mounting plate 14. With the switch 15, the heat condition of the heating coil 13 and thus that of the entire heating element can be checked.
- the spacers 12 and the mounting plate 14 are fastened with a tube 11.
- the bricks 4 are held together by an angle steel frame 37 in the core structure, which is supported at the bottom by core holders 7 which are connected to the holding elements 6. In this way, the construction of the heat storage furnace is stable and safe.
- Fig. 2 part of the cover 5 is shown on a larger scale.
- a thermostat 16 and an indicator 17 are arranged on this cover 5.
- the thermostat 16 is a bimetallic switch which is switched on between the heating coils 13 and the electrical network.
- the indicator 17 shows the operating state of the heat storage furnace and the operational readiness of the heating coil 13.
- FIG. 2 shows an advantageous embodiment for regulating the draft in the channels of the heat exchanger.
- Bores are provided in the cover 5, which communicate with channels, in this example with the tubes 2, and can be locked with the aid of a frame 18.
- the frame 18 is provided with bolts 22 which are in engagement with an inclined slideway of a lever 21.
- the lever 21 can be moved along the vertical and shorter edge of the cover 5.
- the same device can be provided on the other of the cover 5, which is parallel to the previous edge.
- Fig. 3 two module elements of the outer clothing 1 of the heat storage furnace are shown.
- a groove 20 is provided, half of which is occupied by a tube 19.
- the outer clothing 1 can be dismantled in that the free groove 20 of one module element is occupied by the tube 19 of the adjacent module element and a rod can be pushed through the tubes 19.
- the tube 19 and the groove 20 are provided on the one side at the top and the tube 19 and the groove 20 at the bottom on the other side.
- FIG. 4 shows a circuit of the indicator 17 with LED diodes 25.
- the switches 15 are indicated by their inputs.
- Resistors 23, diodes 24 and capacitors 26 are interconnected in the circuit in a manner known per se.
- an insulating bead 27 is shown in side view, in the central bore indicated by the dashed line, a bracing wire 29 is guided.
- the resistance wire of the heating coil 13 is wound on the jacket of the insulating bead 27.
- the spacer 12 shown in FIG. 7 has bores.
- the heating coil 13 is carried out in its upper and lower bore, and the tube 11 is carried out in the central bore.
- the arrangement of the heating coil 13 in the channel 9 of the core structure is shown in FIG. 8, the end of the channel 9 opposite the end provided with the mounting plate 14 being shown.
- the spacers 12 are supported, in the lower bores the heating coil 13 and the middle bore the tube 11 are performed.
- the heating coil 13 is wound on the insulating beads 27, the windings of which at dangerous points, e.g. in the curvatures of the heating coil 13, are separated from one another by insulating plates 28 (FIG. 6), so that a possible short circuit is avoided. Since the bracing wire 29 is passed through the bore of the insulating beads 27, the insulating beads 27 are drawn opposite.
- FIG. 8 Two variants are shown in FIG. 8 for holding the spacers 12 to the tube 11.
- two nuts 31 a are arranged on both sides of the spacer 12, the tube 11 being provided with a thread at this point.
- the tube 11 On the right spacer 12 in Fig. 8, the tube 11 is provided with an internal thread, into which a threaded pin 31 b is screwed. On this set screw 31 b, the tube 11 is tightened on both sides of the spacer 12.
- the heating coil 13 can additionally be encased by beads 30.
- the core structure of the heat storage furnace is heated to a higher temperature than before.
- the heating elements are heated to a higher temperature, which would be harmful in known designs.
- a resistance wire with a minimum diameter of 1 mm is therefore used in the heat storage furnace. In this case, however, a much longer resistance wire must be installed to ensure the resistance required for the heating power.
- heating coil 9 shows three heating coils 13 which can be operated independently of one another before being inserted into the channels 9.
- the heating coil 13 is moved back and forth four times in a heating element.
- the four courses of the heating coil 13 are arranged in four cordierite tubes 32 placed side by side. In this way, a four times longer heating coil 13 is provided in each channel 9 compared to its length.
- the mounting plate 14 and the switch 15 are also shown.
- the cover 5 is formed from closed profiles 36 which are fastened next to one another and communicate with the channels of the heat exchanger, in this example with the tubes 2.
- wing valves 35 are provided as control elements which have a common axis and can be opened or closed with a lever arm 34.
- the thermostat 16 and the indicator which in this case comprises glow lamps 33, are also shown.
- the glow lamps 33 according to FIG. 10 are provided.
- the switches 15 provided on the mounting plates 14, the thermostat 16 and the heating coil are shown with symbols.
- the heat storage furnace is heated, the heating spirals 13 being traversed by electrical current.
- the other is the cooling period of the heat storage furnace, the heating spirals 13 being disconnected from the electrical network and the heat being released from the core structure.
- the critical temperature of 500 ° C can be exceeded considerably during the heating period, and temperatures of 1000 to 1050 ° C can also be reached. This is possible on the one hand because the core structure is thermally insulated from the outside by the insulating layer 3, and on the other hand because the heating elements can also endure this elevated temperature.
- the insulating layer 3 is dimensioned such that the outer surface contacting the heat exchanger also becomes warm.
- the in the channels, i.e. Air in the tubes 2 of the heat exchanger is heated, after which there is a gravitational flow of the warm air upwards without any means, e.g. Blower or the like to have to use. This air flow can be regulated by the control elements, by the frame 18 or by the wing valves 35.
- the insulating layer 3 ensures that the heat-storing core structure, i.e. the bricks 4, even in the last hours before the start of the next heating period, are still warmer than (the critical) 500 ° C.
- the greater heat storage capacity means that the bricks 4 made of magnesite silicate can store a larger amount of heat than below 500 ° C with the same energy consumption. With the same energy consumption, the heat storage stove can heat the surrounding room much better than was previously possible. It follows inevitably that less energy is used for this better heatability.
- the switches 15 located on the mounting plates 14 control the thermal state of the heating elements.
- the LED diodes 25 or glow lamps 33 provided in the indicator 17 light up when one or more heating coils 13 have become defective.
- the temperature on the cover 5 is felt by the thermostat 16. This prevents the heat storage furnace from possibly overheating, e.g. when the stove is switched on in warm weather. On the other hand, the furnace can be disconnected from the electrical power supply by means of the thermostat 16.
- the complete heat storage stove can be delivered in a single package and assembled at the place of installation.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Electrodes For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Claims (19)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT82102233T ATE18095T1 (de) | 1981-03-27 | 1982-03-18 | Geschlossener elektrischer waermespeicherofen. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
HU77481 | 1981-03-27 | ||
HU8181744A HU180406B (en) | 1981-03-27 | 1981-03-27 | Electric storage heater of closed system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0061665A1 EP0061665A1 (fr) | 1982-10-06 |
EP0061665B1 true EP0061665B1 (fr) | 1986-02-19 |
Family
ID=10951276
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82102233A Expired EP0061665B1 (fr) | 1981-03-27 | 1982-03-18 | Chaudière-accumulateur de chaleur électrique encapsulé |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0061665B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS57184849A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE18095T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1169460A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3269118D1 (fr) |
HU (1) | HU180406B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4332622A1 (de) * | 1993-09-24 | 1995-03-30 | Kulmbacher Klimageraete | Elektrospeicherheizgerät |
ES2242525B1 (es) * | 2004-02-27 | 2006-12-16 | Miguel Marin Camara | Radiador electrico modular. |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE7138091U (de) * | 1972-06-22 | Stettner & Co | Heizplatte für Wärmespeicheröfen | |
CH104271A (de) * | 1923-06-06 | 1924-04-01 | Strasser Albert | Elektrischer Heizkörper. |
DE1940250U (de) * | 1966-02-15 | 1966-06-08 | Licentia Gmbh | Kernstein fuer elektrische waermespeicheroefen. |
DE1978693U (de) * | 1967-09-14 | 1968-02-15 | Licentia Gmbh | Mantelrohrheizstab fuer elektrische waermespeicheroefen. |
DE2430051A1 (de) * | 1974-06-22 | 1976-01-08 | Wilhelm Gobbers | Waermeerzeuger, insbesondere waermespeicherofen |
DE2431318A1 (de) * | 1974-06-29 | 1976-01-15 | Bauknecht Gmbh G | Speicherheizgeraet |
GB1591036A (en) * | 1977-02-04 | 1981-06-10 | Prl Soc | Combined convector and thermal storage space heater |
-
1981
- 1981-03-27 HU HU8181744A patent/HU180406B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-03-18 AT AT82102233T patent/ATE18095T1/de active
- 1982-03-18 EP EP82102233A patent/EP0061665B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-03-18 DE DE8282102233T patent/DE3269118D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-03-25 CA CA000399384A patent/CA1169460A/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-03-27 JP JP57048187A patent/JPS57184849A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HU180406B (en) | 1983-03-28 |
JPS57184849A (en) | 1982-11-13 |
ATE18095T1 (de) | 1986-03-15 |
DE3269118D1 (en) | 1986-03-27 |
EP0061665A1 (fr) | 1982-10-06 |
CA1169460A (fr) | 1984-06-19 |
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